Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.19
F. Shaheen, N. Mahmood
The present research assessed the predictors of burnout using a hypothesized model of burnout and its predictors. The sample of 1693 public school teachers from six districts of Punjab was employed. A self-developed instrument Emotional Burnout Scale (EBS; ? = .81) was used for assessing burnout rate among teachers with its three dimensions, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment; also authors developed an Institutional Factors Measuring scale to measure predictors of burnout (? = .80). It comprised six school-related factors including personal, administrative, environmental, insecurities, material goods, and training. These factors, along with demographic variables like marital status, experience, qualification, job status, school level were used to predict the three dimensions of burnout. The results showed paths in predicted direction among proposed model; the personal factor strongly predicted emotional exhaustion whereas environmental factor was found to be a strong predictor for depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment in teachers. Implications for practice are discussed.
{"title":"Burnout and its Predictors: Testing a Model Among Public School Teachers","authors":"F. Shaheen, N. Mahmood","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The present research assessed the predictors of burnout using a hypothesized model of burnout and its predictors. The sample of 1693 public school teachers from six districts of Punjab was employed. A self-developed instrument Emotional Burnout Scale (EBS; ? = .81) was used for assessing burnout rate among teachers with its three dimensions, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment; also authors developed an Institutional Factors Measuring scale to measure predictors of burnout (? = .80). It comprised six school-related factors including personal, administrative, environmental, insecurities, material goods, and training. These factors, along with demographic variables like marital status, experience, qualification, job status, school level were used to predict the three dimensions of burnout. The results showed paths in predicted direction among proposed model; the personal factor strongly predicted emotional exhaustion whereas environmental factor was found to be a strong predictor for depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment in teachers. Implications for practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"355-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.18
Sana Bukhari, Sobia Masood
Based on the Cognitive Contextual framework, the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC; Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992) scale was developed to measure perception of children about interparental conflict. This paper presents a valid and reliable Urdu translation of CPIC scale, using a sample of 521 adolescents, to make available an instrument that can be used on Pakistani adolescents. The guidelines of Brislin (1970) were used for the translation of CPIC, followed by cross-language validation, which showed significant correlations (p< .01) between original and Urdu-version of CPIC. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and follow-up model fit indices showed a good fit on its original four factor structure (GFI = .90; IFI = .91; CFI = .91; RMSEA = .03), after deletion of certain items. Cronbach’s coefficient indicated sound internal consistency of all subscales. It is concluded that the Urdu-translated version of CPIC is a reliable and valid measure to assess different aspects of interparental conflict in a sample of Pakistani adolescents. Uses and potential implications of an Urdu-translated version of CPIC are discussed.
{"title":"Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale: Urdu Translation and Validation","authors":"Sana Bukhari, Sobia Masood","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Cognitive Contextual framework, the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC; Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992) scale was developed to measure perception of children about interparental conflict. This paper presents a valid and reliable Urdu translation of CPIC scale, using a sample of 521 adolescents, to make available an instrument that can be used on Pakistani adolescents. The guidelines of Brislin (1970) were used for the translation of CPIC, followed by cross-language validation, which showed significant correlations (p< .01) between original and Urdu-version of CPIC. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and follow-up model fit indices showed a good fit on its original four factor structure (GFI = .90; IFI = .91; CFI = .91; RMSEA = .03), after deletion of certain items. Cronbach’s coefficient indicated sound internal consistency of all subscales. It is concluded that the Urdu-translated version of CPIC is a reliable and valid measure to assess different aspects of interparental conflict in a sample of Pakistani adolescents. Uses and potential implications of an Urdu-translated version of CPIC are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.20
Namood-e-Sahar, Irum Naqvi
The present research aimed to study self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative as the psychological determinants of relapse prevention among the drug addicts. Study instruments include Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant, Franklin, & Langford, 2002), Self-Importance of Moral Identity Measure (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Two-factor Self-forgiveness Scale (Griffin et al., 2015), Personal Growth Initiative Scale II-Urdu (PGIS-II) (Zaman, 2018), and Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Scale (Miller & Harris, 2000). The whole study is divided into two phases. Phase I underlies translation and validation of the research instrument into Urdu language; such that, translated versions possess significant reliability and possess good construct validity. Phase II studies the relationship between self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, personal growth initiative, and relapse prevention among 240 drug addicts (M = 29.3, SD = 8.2). Sample was approached at different rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Results indicated that all translated instruments are valid for the sample. All the study variables are found to explain about 14% variance (DR2 = .14) in warning of relapse such that personal growth initiative is the most significant predictor. The values of total, direct, and indirect effects demonstrate existence of mediation; such that, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative act as serial mediators in order as mentioned for the relationship of self-reflection and warning of relapse.
本研究旨在研究自我反思、道德认同的自我重要性、自我宽恕和个人成长主动性是吸毒者预防复发的心理决定因素。研究工具包括自我反思和洞察力量表（Grant，Franklin，&Langford，2002）、道德认同的自我重要性量表（Aquino&Reed，2002），双因素自我宽恕量表（Griffin et al.，2015），个人成长主动性量表II乌尔都语（PGIS-II）（Zaman，2018）和复发预警量表（AWARE）（Miller&Harris，2000）。整个研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段是将研究工具翻译成乌尔都语并加以验证；因此，翻译版本具有显著的可靠性和良好的构效性。第二阶段研究了240名吸毒者（M=29.3，SD=8.2）的自我反思、道德认同的自我重要性、自我宽恕、个人成长主动性和预防复发之间的关系。样本在伊斯兰堡和拉瓦尔品第的不同康复中心进行。结果表明，所有翻译的文书对样本有效。所有研究变量都可以解释复发警告中约14%的方差（DR2=.14），因此个人成长主动性是最重要的预测因素。总效应、直接效应和间接效应的价值观表明调解的存在；如前所述，道德认同的自我重要性、自我宽恕和个人成长主动性是自我反思和复发预警关系的连续中介。
{"title":"Psychological Determinants of Relapse Prevention","authors":"Namood-e-Sahar, Irum Naqvi","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed to study self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative as the psychological determinants of relapse prevention among the drug addicts. Study instruments include Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant, Franklin, & Langford, 2002), Self-Importance of Moral Identity Measure (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Two-factor Self-forgiveness Scale (Griffin et al., 2015), Personal Growth Initiative Scale II-Urdu (PGIS-II) (Zaman, 2018), and Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Scale (Miller & Harris, 2000). The whole study is divided into two phases. Phase I underlies translation and validation of the research instrument into Urdu language; such that, translated versions possess significant reliability and possess good construct validity. Phase II studies the relationship between self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, personal growth initiative, and relapse prevention among 240 drug addicts (M = 29.3, SD = 8.2). Sample was approached at different rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Results indicated that all translated instruments are valid for the sample. All the study variables are found to explain about 14% variance (DR2 = .14) in warning of relapse such that personal growth initiative is the most significant predictor. The values of total, direct, and indirect effects demonstrate existence of mediation; such that, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative act as serial mediators in order as mentioned for the relationship of self-reflection and warning of relapse.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"373-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.15
Umamah Wajid, H. Jami
The present study aimed to explore the role of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, research anxiety, and attitude towards research in research self-efficacy among students at university currently conducting research as part of their degree requirement. The role of perceived supervisor’s satisfaction from research and intensity of reading as moderators was also analyzed. Research Self-Efficacy Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013), Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002), Research Anxiety Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013), and Attitude towards Research Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013) were used to collect data from purposively drawn sample of 300 university students who were conducting research as part of their degree requirement. Regression analysis revealed metacognitive awareness of reading strategies to be the strongest predictor of research self-efficacy, with research anxiety and attitude towards research being mediators. Further analysis revealed supervisor’s satisfaction for research anxiety and intensity of reading for metacognitive awareness of reading strategies to be significant moderators in effecting research self-efficacy. The study findings have been discussed in detail, alongside the implications of the study as well as suggestions for further research in the area.
{"title":"Research Self-Efficacy Among Students: Role of Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies, Research Anxiety, and Attitude Towards Research","authors":"Umamah Wajid, H. Jami","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to explore the role of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, research anxiety, and attitude towards research in research self-efficacy among students at university currently conducting research as part of their degree requirement. The role of perceived supervisor’s satisfaction from research and intensity of reading as moderators was also analyzed. Research Self-Efficacy Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013), Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002), Research Anxiety Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013), and Attitude towards Research Scale (Rezaei & Zamani-Miandashti, 2013) were used to collect data from purposively drawn sample of 300 university students who were conducting research as part of their degree requirement. Regression analysis revealed metacognitive awareness of reading strategies to be the strongest predictor of research self-efficacy, with research anxiety and attitude towards research being mediators. Further analysis revealed supervisor’s satisfaction for research anxiety and intensity of reading for metacognitive awareness of reading strategies to be significant moderators in effecting research self-efficacy. The study findings have been discussed in detail, alongside the implications of the study as well as suggestions for further research in the area.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"271-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.2
N. Zulfiqar
Previous studies supported that adolescents? moral judgment decreases as their peer problems increase in severity. The objective of the present research was to examine peer problems as a predictor of adolescents? moral judgment development based upon Jessor?s problem behavior theory and Gibbs moral development theory. It was hypothesized that moral judgment increases with growing age and thus, older adolescents are expected to be at higher stages of moral judgment development than younger adolescents. It was also assumed that adolescents with severe peer problems will be at lower level of moral judgment development than their counterparts. The younger adolescents (n = 140; M = 13.1 year) and older adolescents (n = 147; M = 19 year) were compared on measures of Index of Peer Relations and Padua Moral Judgment Scale. The findings showed that adolescents? moral judgment development declined with an increase in peer problems, particularly during late adolescence. Adolescents who reported having moderate and severe peer problems had lower level of moral judgment development than those with no and mild peer problems. Findings provided guideline for future researchers and practitioners.
{"title":"Association Between Severity of Adolescents’ Peer Problems and Moral Judgment Development","authors":"N. Zulfiqar","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies supported that adolescents? moral judgment decreases as their peer problems increase in severity. The objective of the present research was to examine peer problems as a predictor of adolescents? moral judgment development based upon Jessor?s problem behavior theory and Gibbs moral development theory. It was hypothesized that moral judgment increases with growing age and thus, older adolescents are expected to be at higher stages of moral judgment development than younger adolescents. It was also assumed that adolescents with severe peer problems will be at lower level of moral judgment development than their counterparts. The younger adolescents (n = 140; M = 13.1 year) and older adolescents (n = 147; M = 19 year) were compared on measures of Index of Peer Relations and Padua Moral Judgment Scale. The findings showed that adolescents? moral judgment development declined with an increase in peer problems, particularly during late adolescence. Adolescents who reported having moderate and severe peer problems had lower level of moral judgment development than those with no and mild peer problems. Findings provided guideline for future researchers and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42969514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.10
Afifa Anjum, N. Amjad
Values in Action is a classification of 24 character strengths grouped under six virtue categories. This classification is claimed to be universal across cultures and religions (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and its measure that is, Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) has been translated and validated in many languages. The present study aimed at its Urdu translation and validation on Pakistani adults taken from different educational institutes and workplaces. Study comprised two parts. Part I dealt with the translation and cross-language validation while in Part II, construct validation on a sample of 542 adults and convergent validity on a sample of 210 adult participants were determined. Findings revealed satisfactory alpha coefficients for Urdu version. Significant positive correlations with positive affect and life satisfaction and negative correlations with negative affect were indicators of its convergent validity. Age was negatively associated with five strengths whereas significant gender differences were found on seven strengths. Social desirability effects were nonsignificant. Strength-to-virtue level factor structure exploration resulted in a theoretically meaningful four factor structure. Factors were named as Interpersonal, Cognitive, Vitality, and Transcendence and were comparable to factor structures proposed in studies on VIA-IS from a few other cultures. The study offers a valid Urdu translation for use in future studies with adult Urdu speaking population.
{"title":"Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Translation and Validation in Urdu Language","authors":"Afifa Anjum, N. Amjad","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Values in Action is a classification of 24 character strengths grouped under six virtue categories. This classification is claimed to be universal across cultures and religions (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and its measure that is, Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) has been translated and validated in many languages. The present study aimed at its Urdu translation and validation on Pakistani adults taken from different educational institutes and workplaces. Study comprised two parts. Part I dealt with the translation and cross-language validation while in Part II, construct validation on a sample of 542 adults and convergent validity on a sample of 210 adult participants were determined. Findings revealed satisfactory alpha coefficients for Urdu version. Significant positive correlations with positive affect and life satisfaction and negative correlations with negative affect were indicators of its convergent validity. Age was negatively associated with five strengths whereas significant gender differences were found on seven strengths. Social desirability effects were nonsignificant. Strength-to-virtue level factor structure exploration resulted in a theoretically meaningful four factor structure. Factors were named as Interpersonal, Cognitive, Vitality, and Transcendence and were comparable to factor structures proposed in studies on VIA-IS from a few other cultures. The study offers a valid Urdu translation for use in future studies with adult Urdu speaking population.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"163-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.6
Salman Ahmad, F. Safdar
The present research was conducted to examine the relationship between goal orientation, motivation, and competitive anxiety in players of domestic cricket in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 105 male domestic cricketers aged between 18 to 35 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.75). Correlational research design and purposive sampling strategy was used to draw sample from different cricket clubs and academies in Lahore and the permission to collect data was taken from the authorities of Pakistan Cricket Board. Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992), Sport Motivation Scale-II (Pelletier, Rocchi, Vallerand, Deci, & Ryan, 2013), Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006), Beliefs About the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992) and Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (Stober, Otto, & Stoll, 2006) were administered to the participants. Pearson product moment correlation revealed that ego orientation was positively correlated with external regulation, whereas task orientation was positively correlated with intrinsic regulation. Also, intrinsic regulation was negatively correlated with competitive anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that intrinsic regulation was a negative predictor of competitive anxiety and somatic anxiety after controlling the effects of perfectionism and beliefs about success.
{"title":"Goal Orientation, Motivation, and Competitive Anxiety in Players of Domestic Cricket in Pakistan","authors":"Salman Ahmad, F. Safdar","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was conducted to examine the relationship between goal orientation, motivation, and competitive anxiety in players of domestic cricket in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 105 male domestic cricketers aged between 18 to 35 years \u0000(M = 20.02, SD = 2.75). Correlational research design and purposive sampling strategy was used to draw sample from different cricket clubs and academies in Lahore and the permission to collect data was taken from the authorities of Pakistan Cricket Board. Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992), Sport Motivation Scale-II (Pelletier, Rocchi, Vallerand, Deci, & Ryan, 2013), Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006), Beliefs About the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992) and Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (Stober, Otto, & Stoll, 2006) were administered to the participants. Pearson product moment correlation revealed that ego orientation was positively correlated with external regulation, whereas task orientation was positively correlated with intrinsic regulation. Also, intrinsic regulation was negatively correlated with competitive anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that intrinsic regulation was a negative predictor of competitive anxiety and somatic anxiety after controlling the effects of perfectionism and beliefs about success.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48909588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.9
S. Shahid, Z. Farooq
Current correlational study was carried out to assess the relationship among workplace harassment, work overload, and psychological distress in female police officers. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between workplace harassment, work overload, and psychological distress. The sample comprised of 100 female police officers with age range from 21- 40 years selected from different police stations and training centers of Lahore by using purposive sampling technique. Self-translated Urdu version of Negative Acts Questionnaire (Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009), Reilly’s Role Overload Scale (Reilly, 1982), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2009) were used to assess study variables. Correlational analysis revealed that workplace harassment was positively correlated with work overload and psychological distress. Moreover, regression analysis revealed that workplace harassment was a positive predictor for psychological distress. The study has implications in police force to develop harassment control strategies and effective work hours to reduce psychological distress and promote healthy work environment for female employees.
目前进行了相关研究，以评估女性警官的工作场所骚扰、工作负荷过重和心理困扰之间的关系。据推测，工作场所骚扰、工作负荷过重和心理困扰之间存在正相关关系。该样本由100名年龄在21-40岁之间的女警察组成，她们是通过有目的的抽样技术从拉合尔的不同警察局和培训中心挑选出来的。自我翻译的乌尔都语版负面行为问卷（Einarsen，Hoel，&Notelaers，2009）、Reilly的角色过载量表（Reilly，1982）和Kessler心理困扰量表（Kessler et al.，2009）用于评估研究变量。相关分析表明，工作场所骚扰与工作负荷和心理困扰呈正相关。此外，回归分析显示，工作场所骚扰是心理困扰的积极预测因素。这项研究对警察制定骚扰控制策略和有效的工作时间以减少女性员工的心理困扰和促进健康的工作环境具有启示意义。
{"title":"Workplace Harassment, Work Overload, and Psychological Distress in Female Police Officers","authors":"S. Shahid, Z. Farooq","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Current correlational study was carried out to assess the relationship among workplace harassment, work overload, and psychological distress in female police officers. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between workplace harassment, work overload, and psychological distress. The sample comprised of 100 female police officers with age range from 21- 40 years selected from different police stations and training centers of Lahore by using purposive sampling technique. Self-translated Urdu version of Negative Acts Questionnaire (Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009), Reilly’s Role Overload Scale (Reilly, 1982), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2009) were used to assess study variables. Correlational analysis revealed that workplace harassment was positively correlated with work overload and psychological distress. Moreover, regression analysis revealed that workplace harassment was a positive predictor for psychological distress. The study has implications in police force to develop harassment control strategies and effective work hours to reduce psychological distress and promote healthy work environment for female employees.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"141-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46494001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.11
Hamna Ayub, Nelofar Kiran
The study aimed to translate the Religious Attitude Scale (RAS; Onay, 2000) into Urdu language and established its construct validity in Pakistani culture. Moreover, the relationship of different demographic variables (i.e., age, income, gender, family system) with religious attitude of parents was also explored. The study comprised of two phases: Phase I of the study constituted translation of the original English version of RAS into Urdu language using forward and back translation method. In phase II, the construct validity of RAS was established through Exploratory Factor Analysis and psychometric properties of RAS were determined. A sample (N = 264) of parents comprising mothers (n = 133) and fathers (n = 131) with age range of 26 to 52 years (M = 34.74, SD = 6.0) participated in the study. Results showed that RAS has two factors namely Positive Religious Attitudes and Negative Religious Attitudes. Psychometric properties of the scale were satisfactory. Findings showed that religious attitudes had positive relationship with age; while, were negatively associated with income. Findings revealed nonsignificant differences across gender of the parents on religious attitudes; whereas, individuals belonging to nuclear families had significantly lower religious attitudes than those from joint family system. Future implications were also discussed.
{"title":"Translation and Validation of Religious Attitude Scale: Role of Demographic Variables","authors":"Hamna Ayub, Nelofar Kiran","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to translate the Religious Attitude Scale (RAS; Onay, 2000) into Urdu language and established its construct validity in Pakistani culture. Moreover, the relationship of different demographic variables (i.e., age, income, gender, family system) with religious attitude of parents was also explored. The study comprised of two phases: Phase I of the study constituted translation of the original English version of RAS into Urdu language using forward and back translation method. In phase II, the construct validity of RAS was established through Exploratory Factor Analysis and psychometric properties of RAS were determined. A sample (N = 264) of parents comprising mothers (n = 133) and fathers (n = 131) with age range of 26 to 52 years (M = 34.74, SD = 6.0) participated in the study. Results showed that RAS has two factors namely Positive Religious Attitudes and Negative Religious Attitudes. Psychometric properties of the scale were satisfactory. Findings showed that religious attitudes had positive relationship with age; while, were negatively associated with income. Findings revealed nonsignificant differences across gender of the parents on religious attitudes; whereas, individuals belonging to nuclear families had significantly lower religious attitudes than those from joint family system. Future implications were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"191-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.4
Summaiya Kanwal, Irum Naqvi
Present study aimed to develop and validate the Attitude toward Obesity Scale and Obesity Myths Scale through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and resulting factor structure was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sample of EFA comprised of adults (N = 300) including men (n = 144) and women (n = 156) with the age range of 18 to 36 years (M = 21.53, SD = 2.65). A factor loading of .35 was set as selection criteria for an item in the scale. Using oblique rotation method, EFA presented two meaningful factors for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and for Obesity Myths Scale. Attitude Toward Obesity Scale revealed two factors named as Lifestyle of Obese (7 items) and Qualities and Characteristics of Obese (7 items). Similarly, for Obesity Myths Scale, two factors named as Weight Control Myths (5 items) and Negative Characterization Myths (5 items) were emerged. For CFA, sample of 430 students including men (n = 180) and women (n = 250) of age range from 19 to 40 years (M = 21.62, SD = 3.13) were taken. CFA confirmed the factor structure of both scales. Alpha reliabilities were ranged from .61 to .67 for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and from .50 to .57 for Obesity Myths Scale. Overall, both instruments emerged as reliable and valid measures to assess the explicit attitude and myth related to obesity in Pakistani culture.
{"title":"Development of Attitude Towards Obesity Scale and Obesity Myths Scale","authors":"Summaiya Kanwal, Irum Naqvi","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Present study aimed to develop and validate the Attitude toward Obesity Scale and Obesity Myths Scale through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and resulting factor structure was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sample of EFA comprised of adults (N = 300) including men (n = 144) and women (n = 156) with the age range of 18 to 36 years (M = 21.53, SD = 2.65). A factor loading of .35 was set as selection criteria for an item in the scale. Using oblique rotation method, EFA presented two meaningful factors for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and for Obesity Myths Scale. Attitude Toward Obesity Scale revealed two factors named as Lifestyle of Obese (7 items) and Qualities and Characteristics of Obese (7 items). Similarly, for Obesity Myths Scale, two factors named as Weight Control Myths (5 items) and Negative Characterization Myths (5 items) were emerged. For CFA, sample of 430 students including men (n = 180) and women (n = 250) of age range from 19 to 40 years (M = 21.62, SD = 3.13) were taken. CFA confirmed the factor structure of both scales. Alpha reliabilities were ranged from .61 to .67 for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and from .50 to .57 for Obesity Myths Scale. Overall, both instruments emerged as reliable and valid measures to assess the explicit attitude and myth related to obesity in Pakistani culture.","PeriodicalId":37796,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"53-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44336441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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