Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239135
Senyang Mo , Yi Zhang , Xiaomin Meng , Chengxin Li , Xin Gao , Michael Heere , Junsheng Zheng , Pingwen Ming
Long-term sealing reliability remains a major obstacle to the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly under the elevated temperatures and extended service lifetimes required for heavy-duty fuel cell trucks. This paper provides a systematic comparison of existing sealing structures, classifications, and materials, assessing their advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes the key challenges currently facing sealing technologies, including the limited understanding of material aging under harsh operating conditions, the difficulty of achieving stable interfaces between frame materials and adhesives, and the lack of theoretical support and rapid evaluation methods for advanced sealing processes. It further outlines prospective development directions in four key areas: sealing structural design, material innovations, process optimization, and integrated sealing strategies. These insights aim to support the development of more robust and thermally durable sealing solutions for next-generation proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems.
{"title":"Long-term sealing technology for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Challenges and prospects in materials, structures and processes","authors":"Senyang Mo , Yi Zhang , Xiaomin Meng , Chengxin Li , Xin Gao , Michael Heere , Junsheng Zheng , Pingwen Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term sealing reliability remains a major obstacle to the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly under the elevated temperatures and extended service lifetimes required for heavy-duty fuel cell trucks. This paper provides a systematic comparison of existing sealing structures, classifications, and materials, assessing their advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes the key challenges currently facing sealing technologies, including the limited understanding of material aging under harsh operating conditions, the difficulty of achieving stable interfaces between frame materials and adhesives, and the lack of theoretical support and rapid evaluation methods for advanced sealing processes. It further outlines prospective development directions in four key areas: sealing structural design, material innovations, process optimization, and integrated sealing strategies. These insights aim to support the development of more robust and thermally durable sealing solutions for next-generation proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239424
Jimin Park , Seunghyun Jo , JunHwa Kwon , Hena Lee , Do Hyung Kweon , Donghoon Shin , Ohsub Kim , Katie Heeyum Lim , Jong Geun Seong , Kwang Ho Song , Jong Hyun Jang , Hee-Young Park
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have already entered commercial use in the transportation sector; however, enhancing their durability remains a key requirement for enhancing their competitiveness against internal combustion engines. Among the various degradation mechanisms, cathode deterioration plays a decisive role, with carbon support corrosion being particularly detrimental because of irreversible structural collapse within the electrode. Although introduction of structural additives has been proposed as a strategy of mitigating such degradation, previous studies have been limited by the concurrent contribution of electronic or ionic conductivity to these additives, making it challenging to isolate the pure structural reinforcement effect. In this study, the authors employ a star-shaped TiO2 (ST) structure—an electrically and ionically low-conductive, corrosion-resistant material—to exclusively evaluate the structural stabilization effect on electrode degradation and durability. Gas chromatography analysis confirmed that the addition does not alter the extent of carbon corrosion. However, the ST-containing electrodes exhibited superior preservation of electrode thickness, pore structure, and capacitance compared to the cases in the reference electrode. As a result, the optimized ST electrode demonstrated more than twice the durability of the baseline electrode, while maintaining equal or higher initial performance. The findings demonstrate that not loss of conductivity but the structural collapse is the dominant factor limiting the durability of PEMFC under carbon corrosion conditions. Furthermore, this study is the first to experimentally isolate and quantify the pure structural stabilization effect using a low-conductive structural support, providing a design direction for next-generation durable PEMFC electrodes.
{"title":"TiO2 structural support effects on the durability and recovery characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes","authors":"Jimin Park , Seunghyun Jo , JunHwa Kwon , Hena Lee , Do Hyung Kweon , Donghoon Shin , Ohsub Kim , Katie Heeyum Lim , Jong Geun Seong , Kwang Ho Song , Jong Hyun Jang , Hee-Young Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have already entered commercial use in the transportation sector; however, enhancing their durability remains a key requirement for enhancing their competitiveness against internal combustion engines. Among the various degradation mechanisms, cathode deterioration plays a decisive role, with carbon support corrosion being particularly detrimental because of irreversible structural collapse within the electrode. Although introduction of structural additives has been proposed as a strategy of mitigating such degradation, previous studies have been limited by the concurrent contribution of electronic or ionic conductivity to these additives, making it challenging to isolate the pure structural reinforcement effect. In this study, the authors employ a star-shaped TiO<sub>2</sub> (ST) structure—an electrically and ionically low-conductive, corrosion-resistant material—to exclusively evaluate the structural stabilization effect on electrode degradation and durability. Gas chromatography analysis confirmed that the addition does not alter the extent of carbon corrosion. However, the ST-containing electrodes exhibited superior preservation of electrode thickness, pore structure, and capacitance compared to the cases in the reference electrode. As a result, the optimized ST electrode demonstrated more than twice the durability of the baseline electrode, while maintaining equal or higher initial performance. The findings demonstrate that not loss of conductivity but the structural collapse is the dominant factor limiting the durability of PEMFC under carbon corrosion conditions. Furthermore, this study is the first to experimentally isolate and quantify the pure structural stabilization effect using a low-conductive structural support, providing a design direction for next-generation durable PEMFC electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239424"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239372
Jingyi Hao , Jiale Wang , Weihua Zhang , Xuelei Li , Zhihui Xu , Huirong Liu , Hexige Wuliji , Aruuhan Bayaguud
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have attracted significant attention as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their exceptional theoretical capacity. In this work, a cobalt-free high-entropy oxide (HEO) anode material is prepared through a solid-state method and doped with lithium ions. Moreover, the stability mechanism and electronic properties of the material are characterized using experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The prepared HEOs [Lix (Cr0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2)1-x]3O4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) are all have a single-phase spinel structure. The undoped (Cr0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2)3O4 (HEO-0) maintains a specific capacity of 632.3 mAh g−1 following 250 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. This performance can be further enhanced through lithium doping. In particular, the HEO-10 (x = 0.1) achieves a specific capacity of 765.0 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, while preserving 181.4 mAh g−1 following 1500 cycles at 1 A g−1. This performance enhancement originates primarily from lithium-induced oxygen vacancies, which generate additional active sites for lithium storage and accelerate ion transport kinetics.
高熵氧化物（HEOs）作为锂离子电池（LIBs）的潜在负极材料，由于其优异的理论容量而备受关注。本文采用固态法制备了无钴高熵氧化物（HEO）负极材料，并掺杂锂离子。此外，利用实验和密度泛函理论（DFT）对材料的稳定性机理和电子性能进行了表征。制备的HEOs [Lix (Cr0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2)1-x]3O4 （x = 0,0.05, 0.1, 0.2）均为单相尖晶石结构。未掺杂的（Cr0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2）3O4 （HEO-0）在0.1 a g−1下循环250次后保持632.3 mAh g−1的比容量。这种性能可以通过锂掺杂进一步增强。特别是，HEO-10 （x = 0.1）在0.1 a g−1下循环250次后达到765.0 mAh g−1，而在1 a g−1下循环1500次后保持181.4 mAh g−1。这种性能的增强主要源于锂诱导的氧空位，它产生了额外的锂储存活性位点，并加速了离子传输动力学。
{"title":"Elevating oxygen vacancy of Co-free high-entropy oxide anode by lithium doping enables long-cycle lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jingyi Hao , Jiale Wang , Weihua Zhang , Xuelei Li , Zhihui Xu , Huirong Liu , Hexige Wuliji , Aruuhan Bayaguud","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have attracted significant attention as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their exceptional theoretical capacity. In this work, a cobalt-free high-entropy oxide (HEO) anode material is prepared through a solid-state method and doped with lithium ions. Moreover, the stability mechanism and electronic properties of the material are characterized using experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The prepared HEOs [Li<sub>x</sub> (Cr<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Cu<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>1-x</sub>]<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) are all have a single-phase spinel structure. The undoped (Cr<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Cu<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (HEO-0) maintains a specific capacity of 632.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> following 250 cycles at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This performance can be further enhanced through lithium doping. In particular, the HEO-10 (x = 0.1) achieves a specific capacity of 765.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 250 cycles at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, while preserving 181.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> following 1500 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This performance enhancement originates primarily from lithium-induced oxygen vacancies, which generate additional active sites for lithium storage and accelerate ion transport kinetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239372"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239392
Huimin Jiang , Eswaramoorthi Thiruganasambandam , Hui Guo , Kaiyu Liu , Zhe Feng , Jianjian Lin
In response to the global trend towards the transition to a cleaner energy structure and the need to improve water electrolysis hydrogen production and energy efficiency, researchers aim to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts. In this study, a series of WO3 electrocatalysts supported on CeO2 with a small cube-like CeO2-supported nanorod morphology (WO3/CeO2-2) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method and calcined in air. Especially, the WO3CeO2-2 catalyst exhibits a composite nanostructure comprising uniformly dispersed cubic nanoparticles and nanorods. This morphological configuration, particularly the pronounced surface roughness, facilitates a higher density of exposed active sites. Furthermore, the heterojunction interface formed between WO3 and CeO2 promotes efficient electron transfer from Ce to W, while the synergistic interaction with the support material substantially enhances the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The innovative designed WO3/CeO2-2 electrocatalyst delivers exceptional HER activity in acidic electrolyte, as achieving low overpotential of 120.15 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent long-term stability enduring 50 h. Overall, the WO3 electrocatalyst supported on CeO2 demonstrates exceptional HER activity, providing a promising and efficient synthesis route for high-performance tungsten oxide-based systems.
为了应对全球向清洁能源结构过渡的趋势以及提高水电解制氢和能源效率的需要，研究人员致力于开发高效稳定的电催化剂。在本研究中，采用水热法成功合成了一系列具有小立方状CeO2负载纳米棒形貌（WO3/CeO2-2）的CeO2负载WO3电催化剂，并在空气中煅烧。特别是，WO3CeO2-2催化剂呈现出由均匀分散的立方纳米颗粒和纳米棒组成的复合纳米结构。这种形态结构，特别是明显的表面粗糙度，有利于较高的暴露活性位点密度。此外，WO3和CeO2之间形成的异质结界面促进了电子从Ce到W的有效转移，而与载体材料的协同作用大大提高了析氢反应（HER）的活性。创新设计的WO3/CeO2-2电催化剂在酸性电解质中具有优异的HER活性，在10 mA cm -2下可达到120.15 mV的低过电位，并具有持续50小时的优异长期稳定性。总体而言，CeO2负载的WO3电催化剂具有优异的HER活性，为高性能氧化钨基体系的合成提供了一条有前途的高效途径。
{"title":"Synergistic WO3/CeO2 nanorod electrocatalysts boosting hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic electrolytes","authors":"Huimin Jiang , Eswaramoorthi Thiruganasambandam , Hui Guo , Kaiyu Liu , Zhe Feng , Jianjian Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the global trend towards the transition to a cleaner energy structure and the need to improve water electrolysis hydrogen production and energy efficiency, researchers aim to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts. In this study, a series of WO<sub>3</sub> electrocatalysts supported on CeO<sub>2</sub> with a small cube-like CeO<sub>2</sub>-supported nanorod morphology (WO<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-2) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method and calcined in air. Especially, the WO<sub>3</sub>CeO<sub>2</sub>-2 catalyst exhibits a composite nanostructure comprising uniformly dispersed cubic nanoparticles and nanorods. This morphological configuration, particularly the pronounced surface roughness, facilitates a higher density of exposed active sites. Furthermore, the heterojunction interface formed between WO<sub>3</sub> and CeO<sub>2</sub> promotes efficient electron transfer from Ce to W, while the synergistic interaction with the support material substantially enhances the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The innovative designed WO<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-2 electrocatalyst delivers exceptional HER activity in acidic electrolyte, as achieving low overpotential of 120.15 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and excellent long-term stability enduring 50 h. Overall, the WO<sub>3</sub> electrocatalyst supported on CeO<sub>2</sub> demonstrates exceptional HER activity, providing a promising and efficient synthesis route for high-performance tungsten oxide-based systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239392"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239433
Rongfang Zhang , Jinli Zhu , Yunchao Jiang , Daqiang Gao , Bo Wang
Designing active and stable electrocatalysts with economic efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for developing water electrolysis. Here, we report that FeNi2S4 undergoes a high-temperature–driven phase transition to form a NiS/FeS heterostructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X–ray absorption near edge structure analyses reveal interfacial electron transfer from Ni to Fe, which optimizes the Fe–Ni coordination environment and accelerates charge transfer, thereby significantly enhancing the electrocatalytic performance for water splitting. Theoretical calculations disclose that Ni sites favor OER with a rate-determining step energy barrier of 1.70 eV, whereas Fe sites markedly promote the HER with a minimal barrier of 0.02 eV. The optimized catalyst (FNS-500) delivers exceptional OER activity with an overpotential of 197 mV in alkaline media and outstanding HER activity of 107 mV in acid media at 10 mA cm−2. This work underscores the effectiveness of phase-structure engineering in developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.
为析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）设计活性稳定、经济高效的电催化剂是发展水电解的必要条件。在这里，我们报道了FeNi2S4经历了高温驱动的相变，形成NiS/FeS异质结构。x射线光电子能谱和x射线吸收近边结构分析表明，界面电子从Ni向Fe转移，优化了Fe - Ni配位环境，加速了电荷转移，从而显著提高了电催化水裂解的性能。理论计算表明，Ni位点以1.70 eV的速率决定阶跃能垒有利于OER，而Fe位点以0.02 eV的最小势垒显著促进HER。优化后的催化剂（FNS-500）在碱性介质中具有优异的过电位197 mV，在酸性介质中具有优异的过电位107 mV，电流为10 mA cm - 2。这项工作强调了相结构工程在开发高效、低成本的可持续制氢电催化剂方面的有效性。
{"title":"Phase-transition-optimized Fe–Ni coordination in a NiS/FeS heterostructure for high-performance water electrolysis","authors":"Rongfang Zhang , Jinli Zhu , Yunchao Jiang , Daqiang Gao , Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing active and stable electrocatalysts with economic efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for developing water electrolysis. Here, we report that FeNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> undergoes a high-temperature–driven phase transition to form a NiS/FeS heterostructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X–ray absorption near edge structure analyses reveal interfacial electron transfer from Ni to Fe, which optimizes the Fe–Ni coordination environment and accelerates charge transfer, thereby significantly enhancing the electrocatalytic performance for water splitting. Theoretical calculations disclose that Ni sites favor OER with a rate-determining step energy barrier of 1.70 eV, whereas Fe sites markedly promote the HER with a minimal barrier of 0.02 eV. The optimized catalyst (FNS-500) delivers exceptional OER activity with an overpotential of 197 mV in alkaline media and outstanding HER activity of 107 mV in acid media at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work underscores the effectiveness of phase-structure engineering in developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239433"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239394
Hassan Jubair
This systematic review critically analyzes the electronic and optical coupling regimes in semiconductor nanostructures, specifically quantum dots (QDs), nanowires (NWs), and nanoplatelets (NPLs), to determine their efficacy in next-generation perovskite and silicon tandem solar cells. Unlike previous reviews that focus primarily on material synthesis, this study isolates the specific physical mechanisms of interaction, including Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), carrier multiplication (CM), and wavefunction overlapping, to quantify their impact on the Shockley-Queisser limit. A systematic analysis of experimental and theoretical studies published up to September 2025 indicates that non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) efficiency is strictly governed by the inverse-sixth-power distance dependence (1/R6), necessitating interface engineering within the Förster radius (<10 nm) for effective charge separation. The synthesis reveals that integrating dimensionality-tuned nanostructures into tandem architectures can boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) towards 30 % by mitigating thermalization losses. However, the analysis identifies a critical trade-off between coupling efficiency and excitonic stability, particularly in lead-halide systems. This work provides a physically grounded roadmap for overcoming the interface limitations currently stalling the commercial deployment of nanostructured photovoltaics.
{"title":"Electronic and optical coupling in semiconductor nanostructures: A systematic review of quantum dots, nanowires, and nanoplatelets for high-efficiency solar cells","authors":"Hassan Jubair","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review critically analyzes the electronic and optical coupling regimes in semiconductor nanostructures, specifically quantum dots (QDs), nanowires (NWs), and nanoplatelets (NPLs), to determine their efficacy in next-generation perovskite and silicon tandem solar cells. Unlike previous reviews that focus primarily on material synthesis, this study isolates the specific physical mechanisms of interaction, including Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), carrier multiplication (CM), and wavefunction overlapping, to quantify their impact on the Shockley-Queisser limit. A systematic analysis of experimental and theoretical studies published up to September 2025 indicates that non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) efficiency is strictly governed by the inverse-sixth-power distance dependence (1/R6), necessitating interface engineering within the Förster radius (<10 nm) for effective charge separation. The synthesis reveals that integrating dimensionality-tuned nanostructures into tandem architectures can boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) towards 30 % by mitigating thermalization losses. However, the analysis identifies a critical trade-off between coupling efficiency and excitonic stability, particularly in lead-halide systems. This work provides a physically grounded roadmap for overcoming the interface limitations currently stalling the commercial deployment of nanostructured photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239394"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239377
Shaolin Yang , Panpan Fu , Zexi Chen , Shihao Chang , Qianqian Song , Jiandong Wu , Tong Xue , Chunping Hou , Zhilin Sheng
The practical application of manganese dioxide (MnO2) in Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) is hindered by intrinsic limitations such as low electronic conductivity, slow ion diffusion, and structural instability. To address these challenges, we report a Co-doped δ-MnO2/MXene composite (CMM) cathode, fabricated via a facile one-step room-temperature synthesis. This design creates a synergistic coupling effect, where MXene provides a conductive scaffold while cobalt doping modulates the electronic structure of MnO2. This dual modification collectively enhances electrical conductivity, expands the active surface area, and significantly accelerates ion diffusion kinetics. As a ZIB cathode, the CMM electrode demonstrates exceptional charge storage performance: delivering a high specific capacity of 480.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and exhibiting exceptional long-term durability with over 100 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Remarkably, it achieves an outstanding energy density of 651.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 135.5 W kg−1, significantly outperforming both δ-MnO2/MXene (MM) and pristine δ-MnO2 cathodes. This work establishes an effective synergistic regulation strategy and provides profound insights into the design of high-performance cathode materials for advanced energy storage systems.
二氧化锰（MnO2）在锌离子电池（zbs）中的实际应用受到诸如低电子导电性、离子扩散缓慢和结构不稳定等固有限制的阻碍。为了解决这些挑战，我们报道了一种共掺杂δ-MnO2/MXene复合材料（CMM）阴极，通过简单的一步室温合成制备。该设计创造了一种协同耦合效应，其中MXene提供导电支架，而钴掺杂调节MnO2的电子结构。这种双重改性共同提高了电导率，扩大了活性表面积，并显著加速了离子扩散动力学。作为ZIB阴极，CMM电极表现出优异的电荷存储性能：在0.1 ag−1时提供480.9 mAh g−1的高比容量，并且在1 ag−1下循环2000次后表现出优异的长期耐用性，容量保持率超过100%。值得注意的是，它在135.5 W kg - 1的功率密度下获得了651.6 Wh kg - 1的能量密度，显著优于δ-MnO2/MXene （MM）和原始δ-MnO2阴极。这项工作建立了一个有效的协同调节策略，并为先进储能系统的高性能正极材料的设计提供了深刻的见解。
{"title":"Dual engineering of electronic structure and interface: A synergistic Co-doped δ-MnO2/MXene cathode for Zn-ion batteries with ultrahigh capacity and cycling stability","authors":"Shaolin Yang , Panpan Fu , Zexi Chen , Shihao Chang , Qianqian Song , Jiandong Wu , Tong Xue , Chunping Hou , Zhilin Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical application of manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) in Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) is hindered by intrinsic limitations such as low electronic conductivity, slow ion diffusion, and structural instability. To address these challenges, we report a Co-doped δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>/MXene composite (CMM) cathode, fabricated via a facile one-step room-temperature synthesis. This design creates a synergistic coupling effect, where MXene provides a conductive scaffold while cobalt doping modulates the electronic structure of MnO<sub>2</sub>. This dual modification collectively enhances electrical conductivity, expands the active surface area, and significantly accelerates ion diffusion kinetics. As a ZIB cathode, the CMM electrode demonstrates exceptional charge storage performance: delivering a high specific capacity of 480.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and exhibiting exceptional long-term durability with over 100 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Remarkably, it achieves an outstanding energy density of 651.6 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 135.5 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, significantly outperforming both δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>/MXene (MM) and pristine δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> cathodes. This work establishes an effective synergistic regulation strategy and provides profound insights into the design of high-performance cathode materials for advanced energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239377"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239439
Qiang Li , Qingdi Liu , Jianguo Chen , Dongxu Guo , Zhicheng Zhu , Guoxin Yu , Xuebing Han , Yuejiu Zheng
With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems, accurate capacity estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion power batteries are essential for system safety and operational optimization. Although many models have been proposed under laboratory conditions, their applicability in real-vehicle environments remains largely unverified due to signal noise, temperature fluctuation, and data discontinuity. To address this issue, this study proposes a real-vehicle-oriented hybrid framework that integrates the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) and the Discrete Arrhenius Aging Model (DAAM) through a Dual Extended Kalman Filter. The ECM parameters are globally identified using Particle Swarm Optimization, while the DAAM parameters are updated online to capture the nonlinear effects of temperature, cycling, and degradation. The fusion of ECM and DAAM outputs enables continuous and robust capacity estimation. Validation based on laboratory accelerated-aging tests and large-scale real-vehicle data demonstrates that the proposed model achieves mean absolute percentage errors of 0.63 % and 1.55 % under laboratory and real-vehicle conditions, respectively, outperforming single-model approaches. This work provides the first large-scale engineering validation of the ECM–DAAM hybrid framework, offering a practical and accurate solution for battery capacity estimation and lifetime prediction in real-world EV applications.
{"title":"A fusion framework for real vehicle battery capacity estimation and prediction","authors":"Qiang Li , Qingdi Liu , Jianguo Chen , Dongxu Guo , Zhicheng Zhu , Guoxin Yu , Xuebing Han , Yuejiu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems, accurate capacity estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion power batteries are essential for system safety and operational optimization. Although many models have been proposed under laboratory conditions, their applicability in real-vehicle environments remains largely unverified due to signal noise, temperature fluctuation, and data discontinuity. To address this issue, this study proposes a real-vehicle-oriented hybrid framework that integrates the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) and the Discrete Arrhenius Aging Model (DAAM) through a Dual Extended Kalman Filter. The ECM parameters are globally identified using Particle Swarm Optimization, while the DAAM parameters are updated online to capture the nonlinear effects of temperature, cycling, and degradation. The fusion of ECM and DAAM outputs enables continuous and robust capacity estimation. Validation based on laboratory accelerated-aging tests and large-scale real-vehicle data demonstrates that the proposed model achieves mean absolute percentage errors of 0.63 % and 1.55 % under laboratory and real-vehicle conditions, respectively, outperforming single-model approaches. This work provides the first large-scale engineering validation of the ECM–DAAM hybrid framework, offering a practical and accurate solution for battery capacity estimation and lifetime prediction in real-world EV applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239375
Seung Yong Lee , Hyunseung Kim , Changyeon Baek , Min-Ku Lee , Sang-il Yoon , Yong Zhang , Andris Šutka , Gyoung-Ja Lee , Do Kyung Kim , Chang Kyu Jeong
This study investigates the impact of B-site (Zn/Ti/Nb) compositional tuning on the energy storage properties of (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5-x/3TixNb1.5-2x/3)O7 (BZTN) pyrochlore ceramics. By systematically varying the Ti content (x = 0, 0.3, 0.9, 1.5 mol%), we investigate the role of ZnO6, TiO6, and NbO6 octahedra in governing domain structure and, consequently, dielectric and energy storage performance. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of a single-phase pyrochlore structure, with Ti exclusively occupying the B-site, increasing B-site configurational entropy. Microstructural analysis reveals that Ti addition inhibits grain growth, influencing domain configuration. Dielectric measurements identify BZTN09 (x = 0.9) as the optimal composition, achieving a balanced dielectric permittivity, low loss, and excellent temperature stability. Notably, BZTN09 exhibits a high charge-discharge efficiency (97 %) and stable energy storage performance up to 200 °C. Positive-up-negative-down (PUND) measurements indicate that BZTN09 possesses more reversible polarization behavior than other compositions. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of highly switchable polar nano-regions (PNRs) stabilized by a small fraction of ZnO6 octahedra. These findings highlight the critical role of compositional control in optimizing domain structure within pyrochlore dielectrics, advancing the development of high-performance energy storage materials for capacitor applications.
{"title":"Empowering energy storage performance of pyrochlore dielectrics through multicomponent octahedral interactions and nanodomain tuning","authors":"Seung Yong Lee , Hyunseung Kim , Changyeon Baek , Min-Ku Lee , Sang-il Yoon , Yong Zhang , Andris Šutka , Gyoung-Ja Lee , Do Kyung Kim , Chang Kyu Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of B-site (Zn/Ti/Nb) compositional tuning on the energy storage properties of (Bi<sub>1</sub>.<sub>5</sub>Zn<sub>0</sub>.<sub>5</sub>)(Zn<sub>0</sub>.<sub>5-<em>x</em></sub>/<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub><em>x</em></sub>Nb<sub>1</sub>.<sub>5-2<em>x</em></sub>/<sub>3</sub>)O<sub>7</sub> (BZTN) pyrochlore ceramics. By systematically varying the Ti content (x = 0, 0.3, 0.9, 1.5 mol%), we investigate the role of ZnO<sub>6</sub>, TiO<sub>6</sub>, and NbO<sub>6</sub> octahedra in governing domain structure and, consequently, dielectric and energy storage performance. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of a single-phase pyrochlore structure, with Ti exclusively occupying the B-site, increasing B-site configurational entropy. Microstructural analysis reveals that Ti addition inhibits grain growth, influencing domain configuration. Dielectric measurements identify BZTN09 (<em>x</em> = 0.9) as the optimal composition, achieving a balanced dielectric permittivity, low loss, and excellent temperature stability. Notably, BZTN09 exhibits a high charge-discharge efficiency (97 %) and stable energy storage performance up to 200 °C. Positive-up-negative-down (PUND) measurements indicate that BZTN09 possesses more reversible polarization behavior than other compositions. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of highly switchable polar nano-regions (PNRs) stabilized by a small fraction of ZnO<sub>6</sub> octahedra. These findings highlight the critical role of compositional control in optimizing domain structure within pyrochlore dielectrics, advancing the development of high-performance energy storage materials for capacitor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate temperature estimation is critical for the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries. However, the instability of data caused by external environments and measurement errors presents a significant challenge to the accuracy of data-driven battery state of temperature estimation methods. To address this issue, a novel hybrid model, namely empirical Fourier decomposition–gated recurrent unit (EFD-GRU), is proposed to denoise and accurately predict battery temperature data. In this work, the performance of EFD-GRU is evaluated and compared with other hybrid models, including singular value decomposition (SVD)-GRU, empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-GRU, variational mode decomposition (VMD)-GRU, and EFD combined with other neural networks. Results show that the EFD-GRU model achieves superior prediction accuracy and efficiency. Compared with the SVD-GRU, EMD-GRU, and VMD-GRU models, the relative improvements in mean absolute error are 95.72 %, 69.17 %, and 17.70 %, respectively. Furthermore, the EFD-GRU model attains high-precision prediction performance with a mean absolute percentage error of 0.1007 % using only 50 % of the training data.
{"title":"Temperature trends prediction of the lithium-ion battery: A neural network based on signal model decomposition","authors":"Mengjiao Niu , Yong Zhao , Sihai Guan , Yongliang Yuan , Long Zhou , Kangyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate temperature estimation is critical for the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries. However, the instability of data caused by external environments and measurement errors presents a significant challenge to the accuracy of data-driven battery state of temperature estimation methods. To address this issue, a novel hybrid model, namely empirical Fourier decomposition–gated recurrent unit (EFD-GRU), is proposed to denoise and accurately predict battery temperature data. In this work, the performance of EFD-GRU is evaluated and compared with other hybrid models, including singular value decomposition (SVD)-GRU, empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-GRU, variational mode decomposition (VMD)-GRU, and EFD combined with other neural networks. Results show that the EFD-GRU model achieves superior prediction accuracy and efficiency. Compared with the SVD-GRU, EMD-GRU, and VMD-GRU models, the relative improvements in mean absolute error are 95.72 %, 69.17 %, and 17.70 %, respectively. Furthermore, the EFD-GRU model attains high-precision prediction performance with a mean absolute percentage error of 0.1007 % using only 50 % of the training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"669 ","pages":"Article 239388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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