Journal of Power Sources最新文献_第2页

Fine-tuning electronic structure of S-NiMoO4 coupled with NiFe-layered double hydroxides for enhanced electrochemical water oxidation

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236699

Yujie Xiang , Zhengting Wang , Ying Zhang , Rui Gao , Yonggui Tao , Chisheng Deng , Shukang Deng , Jinsong Wang , Kaiyuan Shen

The environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics of hydrogen generation through water electrolysis have drawn considerable interest. However, the inherently retarded reaction dynamics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit its efficiency. Consequently, advancing high-performance and cost-effective OER electrocatalysts significantly strengthen the water electrolysis’ performance. A composite nanostructured catalyst is successfully developed by integrating S-doped NiMoO₄ with NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH). Characterization results indicate that the NiMoO₄-decorated NiFe-LDH increases catalytic efficiency by providing additional active sites, while the introduced S further enhances electrical conductivity. Electrochemical tests reveal that the OER capability of S-NiMoO₄@NiFe-LDH under alkaline conditions is exceptional, achieving a negligible overpotential of 256 mV at 50 mA cm⁻² and a minimal Tafel slope of 27.8 mV dec⁻¹, along with outstanding durability at 10 mA cm⁻² (200 h). Furthermore, electrochemical probe experiments and mechanistic analyses reveal the possible potential reaction route of the catalyst during the OER, playing a crucial role in clarifying how the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) synergistically enhance catalytic performance. This study affords a compelling strategy for establishing stable and efficient catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation.

{"title":"Fine-tuning electronic structure of S-NiMoO4 coupled with NiFe-layered double hydroxides for enhanced electrochemical water oxidation","authors":"Yujie Xiang , Zhengting Wang , Ying Zhang , Rui Gao , Yonggui Tao , Chisheng Deng , Shukang Deng , Jinsong Wang , Kaiyuan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics of hydrogen generation through water electrolysis have drawn considerable interest. However, the inherently retarded reaction dynamics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit its efficiency. Consequently, advancing high-performance and cost-effective OER electrocatalysts significantly strengthen the water electrolysis’ performance. A composite nanostructured catalyst is successfully developed by integrating S-doped NiMoO<sub>4</sub> with NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH). Characterization results indicate that the NiMoO<sub>4</sub>-decorated NiFe-LDH increases catalytic efficiency by providing additional active sites, while the introduced S further enhances electrical conductivity. Electrochemical tests reveal that the OER capability of S-NiMoO<sub>4</sub>@NiFe-LDH under alkaline conditions is exceptional, achieving a negligible overpotential of 256 mV at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a minimal Tafel slope of 27.8 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, along with outstanding durability at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (200 h). Furthermore, electrochemical probe experiments and mechanistic analyses reveal the possible potential reaction route of the catalyst during the OER, playing a crucial role in clarifying how the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) synergistically enhance catalytic performance. This study affords a compelling strategy for establishing stable and efficient catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236699"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells in electric vehicles: Innovations, challenges, and pathways to sustainability

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236769

Tarek Abedin , Jagadeesh Pasupuleti , Johnny Koh Siaw Paw , Yaw Chong Tak , Monowar Mahmud , Md Pauzi Abdullah , Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are leading the shift to sustainable energy, especially in fuel-cell electric vehicles. In PEMFCs, hydrogen is converted into electricity which contributes to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on fossil fuels. Many works have been conducted to improve the power density and longevity of the whole system to be adopted in vehicles. The power density was considerably increased by a stack design incorporating lightweight material such as graphene-coated Ni form and weak carbon nanofiber films. Hydrogen refueling failures such as overfilling with hydrogen, hydrogen flow overfill, and hydrogen leakage need mitigation by developing advanced materials and the improvement of refueling techniques. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems focus on combining technologies for storing electrical energy, structural and functional elements, and the optimization of ranges of power-management novel approaches and their principles. However, dynamic response performance, low-cost hydrogen refueling infrastructure, and diverse extensions with varying hydrogen capacity remain challenges. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent technological developments, policy frameworks, and energy sector developments for PEMFC applications in the automobile industry aiming to forecast recent achievements in the fields of PEMFC power management, cell structure, and optimization methodologies of power system energy.

{"title":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells in electric vehicles: Innovations, challenges, and pathways to sustainability","authors":"Tarek Abedin , Jagadeesh Pasupuleti , Johnny Koh Siaw Paw , Yaw Chong Tak , Monowar Mahmud , Md Pauzi Abdullah , Mohammad Nur-E-Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are leading the shift to sustainable energy, especially in fuel-cell electric vehicles. In PEMFCs, hydrogen is converted into electricity which contributes to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on fossil fuels. Many works have been conducted to improve the power density and longevity of the whole system to be adopted in vehicles. The power density was considerably increased by a stack design incorporating lightweight material such as graphene-coated Ni form and weak carbon nanofiber films. Hydrogen refueling failures such as overfilling with hydrogen, hydrogen flow overfill, and hydrogen leakage need mitigation by developing advanced materials and the improvement of refueling techniques. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems focus on combining technologies for storing electrical energy, structural and functional elements, and the optimization of ranges of power-management novel approaches and their principles. However, dynamic response performance, low-cost hydrogen refueling infrastructure, and diverse extensions with varying hydrogen capacity remain challenges. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent technological developments, policy frameworks, and energy sector developments for PEMFC applications in the automobile industry aiming to forecast recent achievements in the fields of PEMFC power management, cell structure, and optimization methodologies of power system energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236769"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perovskite oxides as promising candidates for advanced supercapacitor electrode materials: A review

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236760

Shayan Soleimani, Kian Pishvaie, Majid Saidi

In the pursuit of more efficient energy storage solutions, perovskite oxides with the general formula of ABO₃ have emerged as promising candidates for supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials. Some of their special characteristics include structural flexibility, abundant oxygen vacancies, and a unique crystal framework. These features enable these materials to be tuned precisely into the desired electrochemical properties, making them highly suitable for high-performance energy applications. Recent advancements in compositional adjustments, elemental doping, and morphology control have significantly enhanced the electrochemical behavior of perovskite oxides, leading to improvements in specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cycling stability. In addition to structural insights, the review explores key experimental variables, such as synthesis methods. By integrating various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical models, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of these materials' performance as SC electrodes. Furthermore, it delves into the practical applications of these materials in SCs and offers perspectives on the challenges and future research directions needed to optimize perovskite-based SC electrodes for commercial use.

{"title":"Perovskite oxides as promising candidates for advanced supercapacitor electrode materials: A review","authors":"Shayan Soleimani, Kian Pishvaie, Majid Saidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of more efficient energy storage solutions, perovskite oxides with the general formula of ABO<sub>3</sub> have emerged as promising candidates for supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials. Some of their special characteristics include structural flexibility, abundant oxygen vacancies, and a unique crystal framework. These features enable these materials to be tuned precisely into the desired electrochemical properties, making them highly suitable for high-performance energy applications. Recent advancements in compositional adjustments, elemental doping, and morphology control have significantly enhanced the electrochemical behavior of perovskite oxides, leading to improvements in specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cycling stability. In addition to structural insights, the review explores key experimental variables, such as synthesis methods. By integrating various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical models, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of these materials' performance as SC electrodes. Furthermore, it delves into the practical applications of these materials in SCs and offers perspectives on the challenges and future research directions needed to optimize perovskite-based SC electrodes for commercial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236760"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia at low voltage through copper and graphene oxide co-modified nickel foam

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236748

Xiaohan Huang , Zhengyang Liu , Huayan Yang , Tao Ding , Zehui Zhang , Dongting Yue , Guosheng Shi

Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate (NO₃⁻) reduction reaction (NO₃RR) to valuable ammonia (NH₃) in industrial and domestic wastewater represents a sustainable remediation strategy. However, its implementation under alkaline conditions is impeded by the thermodynamic limitations of the NO₃RR process, as water electrolysis is typically performed at high voltage to activate proton hydrogen (∗H), thereby enabling selective NH₃ production. Herein, we employ copper (Cu) and graphene oxide (GO) to co-modified nickel foam (Cu-GO@NF) by a low-temperature calcination method, which achieves high Faradaic efficiency (99.51 %) and NH₃ selectivity (95.03 %) at such a low voltage (−0.13 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), effectively addressing this alkaline dilemma. The synergistic effect of strong NO₃⁻ adsorption activity by Cu and high electrolytic water dissociation ability to release ∗H by nickel (Ni) not only enhances the catalytic performance but also accelerates electron transfer, thus achieving a low reduction potential. Meanwhile, the hydrated cation–π interactions between GO and metal Cu and Ni provide protection to the Cu-GO@NF catalyst that shows excellent stability during the continuous 150 h reaction, the Cu and Ni contents decrease by only 3.3 % and 4.5 % after stability test. Furthermore, mechanistic studies reveal the NO₃RR pathway, contributing to optimization and development of subsequent catalysts.

{"title":"Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia at low voltage through copper and graphene oxide co-modified nickel foam","authors":"Xiaohan Huang , Zhengyang Liu , Huayan Yang , Tao Ding , Zehui Zhang , Dongting Yue , Guosheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) reduction reaction (NO<sub>3</sub>RR) to valuable ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) in industrial and domestic wastewater represents a sustainable remediation strategy. However, its implementation under alkaline conditions is impeded by the thermodynamic limitations of the NO<sub>3</sub>RR process, as water electrolysis is typically performed at high voltage to activate proton hydrogen (∗H), thereby enabling selective NH<sub>3</sub> production. Herein, we employ copper (Cu) and graphene oxide (GO) to co-modified nickel foam (Cu-GO@NF) by a low-temperature calcination method, which achieves high Faradaic efficiency (99.51 %) and NH<sub>3</sub> selectivity (95.03 %) at such a low voltage (−0.13 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), effectively addressing this alkaline dilemma. The synergistic effect of strong NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> adsorption activity by Cu and high electrolytic water dissociation ability to release ∗H by nickel (Ni) not only enhances the catalytic performance but also accelerates electron transfer, thus achieving a low reduction potential. Meanwhile, the hydrated cation–π interactions between GO and metal Cu and Ni provide protection to the Cu-GO@NF catalyst that shows excellent stability during the continuous 150 h reaction, the Cu and Ni contents decrease by only 3.3 % and 4.5 % after stability test. Furthermore, mechanistic studies reveal the NO<sub>3</sub>RR pathway, contributing to optimization and development of subsequent catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236748"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Printed zinc ion battery with excellent rate performance utilizing carbon-intercalated vanadium oxide cathode for flexible wearable electronics

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236744

Weinan Tang, Quancai Li, Hehe Ren, Ziyi Gong, Qun Liu, Jing Liang, Wei Wu

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as promising practical energy storage devices for flexible electronics due to their natural safety, eco-friendliness, and the abundant mineral resources of Zn. However, the poor capacity and unsatisfactory cycle stability at high current densities hinder the practical application of flexible ZIBs. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon intercalated vanadium oxide (CNVO) nanosheets are synthesized by introducing polyaniline into vanadium oxide interlayers and in-situ carbonization. The incorporation of nitrogen-doped carbon improves the conductivity of CNVO via π-d conjugation and facilitates Zn²⁺ migration by expanding the interlayer spacing. Moreover, the substantial specific surface area and the abundant oxygen vacancy defects of CNVO, furnishes numerous active sites for Zn²⁺ intercalation, significantly enhancing the pseudocapacitive performance and resulting in excellent high-rate capabilities. Consequently, the CNVO//Zn battery exhibits a discharge capacity of up to 200 mAh g⁻¹ even at a high current density of 10 A g⁻¹ and long-term durability of 2000 cycles. Furthermore, a flexible CNVO//Zn battery is fabricated using screen printing technology, demonstrating an energy density of 2.03 mWh cm⁻² and a power density of 1.37 mW cm⁻².

{"title":"Printed zinc ion battery with excellent rate performance utilizing carbon-intercalated vanadium oxide cathode for flexible wearable electronics","authors":"Weinan Tang, Quancai Li, Hehe Ren, Ziyi Gong, Qun Liu, Jing Liang, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as promising practical energy storage devices for flexible electronics due to their natural safety, eco-friendliness, and the abundant mineral resources of Zn. However, the poor capacity and unsatisfactory cycle stability at high current densities hinder the practical application of flexible ZIBs. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon intercalated vanadium oxide (CNVO) nanosheets are synthesized by introducing polyaniline into vanadium oxide interlayers and in-situ carbonization. The incorporation of nitrogen-doped carbon improves the conductivity of CNVO via <em>π-d</em> conjugation and facilitates Zn<sup>2+</sup> migration by expanding the interlayer spacing. Moreover, the substantial specific surface area and the abundant oxygen vacancy defects of CNVO, furnishes numerous active sites for Zn<sup>2+</sup> intercalation, significantly enhancing the pseudocapacitive performance and resulting in excellent high-rate capabilities. Consequently, the CNVO//Zn battery exhibits a discharge capacity of up to 200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even at a high current density of 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> and long-term durability of 2000 cycles. Furthermore, a flexible CNVO//Zn battery is fabricated using screen printing technology, demonstrating an energy density of 2.03 mWh cm<sup>−2</sup> and a power density of 1.37 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236744"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of improved LiFePO4 kinetics: Understanding barriers to fast charging

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236747

Carolina Lara , Marisol Maril , Pablo Tobosque , Javier Núñez , Luis Pizarro , Claudia Carrasco

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is an outstanding cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its thermal stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, its practical application is limited by the material's intrinsically low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, which restrict its rate capability. This review comprehensively examines various strategies developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of LFP, focusing on both individual and combined improvements in ionic and electronic conductivities. We analyze the impact of particle size and morphology, dopants, conductive additives, and carbon coatings on the material's diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity, supported by an exhaustive compilation of data from literature. Additionally, we discuss the potential of these strategies to synergistically enhance the specific capacity and rate capability of LFP. Special attention is given to advanced manufacturing techniques and the development of new material architectures aimed at optimizing the material's kinetic properties and minimizing inactive components. Our findings highlight the need for a holistic approach that integrates the most promising strategies into a unified LFP structure. We also emphasize the importance of comprehensive characterization, including electronic conductivity, ionic diffusivity, and specific capacity under various current rates, to provide a more complete understanding of the material's behavior. This review serves as a guide for future research directions, aiming to overcome current limitations and achieve the full potential of LFP in high-performance energy storage applications.

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of improved LiFePO4 kinetics: Understanding barriers to fast charging","authors":"Carolina Lara , Marisol Maril , Pablo Tobosque , Javier Núñez , Luis Pizarro , Claudia Carrasco","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is an outstanding cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its thermal stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, its practical application is limited by the material's intrinsically low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, which restrict its rate capability. This review comprehensively examines various strategies developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of LFP, focusing on both individual and combined improvements in ionic and electronic conductivities. We analyze the impact of particle size and morphology, dopants, conductive additives, and carbon coatings on the material's diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity, supported by an exhaustive compilation of data from literature. Additionally, we discuss the potential of these strategies to synergistically enhance the specific capacity and rate capability of LFP. Special attention is given to advanced manufacturing techniques and the development of new material architectures aimed at optimizing the material's kinetic properties and minimizing inactive components. Our findings highlight the need for a holistic approach that integrates the most promising strategies into a unified LFP structure. We also emphasize the importance of comprehensive characterization, including electronic conductivity, ionic diffusivity, and specific capacity under various current rates, to provide a more complete understanding of the material's behavior. This review serves as a guide for future research directions, aiming to overcome current limitations and achieve the full potential of LFP in high-performance energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236747"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic overview of equalization methods for battery energy storage systems

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236766

Xiangwei Guo , Gang Chen , Liangjun Zhao , Quan Ouyang , Longyun Kang

A significant feature of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is the large number of cells, and the inevitable consistency differences among the cells substantially affect their cycle life and safety. This research provides a review of equalization methods for BESSs. First, the equalization necessity of battery packs connected in series and parallel is analyzed. Second, the characteristics of different types of equalization variables, topologies, and control methods are reviewed, and the corresponding development trends are analyzed. Finally, further research directions for active equalization methods for BESSs are proposed. For equalization variables, multivariate equalization is showing promising trends. Modular topologies based on inductor-capacitor energy storage are a promising direction for topological design. For equalization control methods, intelligent flexible equalization is receiving increased interest; intelligence includes the identification of equalization objects and the design of equalization currents. This research aims to provide guidance for further research on active equalization methods for BESSs.

{"title":"Systematic overview of equalization methods for battery energy storage systems","authors":"Xiangwei Guo , Gang Chen , Liangjun Zhao , Quan Ouyang , Longyun Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant feature of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is the large number of cells, and the inevitable consistency differences among the cells substantially affect their cycle life and safety. This research provides a review of equalization methods for BESSs. First, the equalization necessity of battery packs connected in series and parallel is analyzed. Second, the characteristics of different types of equalization variables, topologies, and control methods are reviewed, and the corresponding development trends are analyzed. Finally, further research directions for active equalization methods for BESSs are proposed. For equalization variables, multivariate equalization is showing promising trends. Modular topologies based on inductor-capacitor energy storage are a promising direction for topological design. For equalization control methods, intelligent flexible equalization is receiving increased interest; intelligence includes the identification of equalization objects and the design of equalization currents. This research aims to provide guidance for further research on active equalization methods for BESSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236766"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitive unravelling for the governing role of diffusion energy barrier on the self-discharge of supercapacitors

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236758

Junkai Xiong, Liang Lou, Xiaohui Yan, Runze Xie, Zhongjie Wang, Xuncheng Liu, Pengfei Zhou, Qihui Guo, Houqiang Shi, Xiang Ge

Self-discharge is unneglectable for fast electrochemical devices. The suppression of self-discharge using existing strategies based on known extrinsic mechanisms (charge redistribution, faradaic reaction and ohmic leakage) is far from satisfactory (endowing supercapacitors being similar to batteries). Herein, we propose the previously unnoticed diffusion process, which is dependent on the intrinsic bulk property of the active materials, can play deterministic role on self-discharge. The quantitive unravelling of such process is based on a conjugatedly configured supercapacitor constructed by pairs of pre-lithiated poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO), forming a Li_yPBFDO vs. Li_x-yPBFDO configuration. The functioning process involves the transfer of a single type of charge carrier and similar reaction environment at both the cathode and anode side. This configuration, along with the continuously tunable polymerization degree (therefore its property), provides an ideal platform to quantify the governing role of energy barrier in self-discharge process. A shift of control step is theoretically predicted and then experimentally observed when the diffusion barrier is in the range of 0.59 ± 0.05 eV. The quantitive unravelling of the governing role for diffusion barrier is expected to provide general guidance for suppressing self-discharge of supercapacitors.

{"title":"Quantitive unravelling for the governing role of diffusion energy barrier on the self-discharge of supercapacitors","authors":"Junkai Xiong, Liang Lou, Xiaohui Yan, Runze Xie, Zhongjie Wang, Xuncheng Liu, Pengfei Zhou, Qihui Guo, Houqiang Shi, Xiang Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-discharge is unneglectable for fast electrochemical devices. The suppression of self-discharge using existing strategies based on known extrinsic mechanisms (charge redistribution, faradaic reaction and ohmic leakage) is far from satisfactory (endowing supercapacitors being similar to batteries). Herein, we propose the previously unnoticed diffusion process, which is dependent on the intrinsic bulk property of the active materials, can play deterministic role on self-discharge. The quantitive unravelling of such process is based on a conjugatedly configured supercapacitor constructed by pairs of pre-lithiated poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO), forming a Li<sub>y</sub>PBFDO vs. Li<sub>x-y</sub>PBFDO configuration. The functioning process involves the transfer of a single type of charge carrier and similar reaction environment at both the cathode and anode side. This configuration, along with the continuously tunable polymerization degree (therefore its property), provides an ideal platform to quantify the governing role of energy barrier in self-discharge process. A shift of control step is theoretically predicted and then experimentally observed when the diffusion barrier is in the range of 0.59 ± 0.05 eV. The quantitive unravelling of the governing role for diffusion barrier is expected to provide general guidance for suppressing self-discharge of supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236758"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced densification and conductivity of LAMGPB glass-ceramic electrolyte through ultra-fast high-temperature sintering

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236768

Sofia Saffirio , Antonio Gianfranco Sabato , Daiana Marcia Ferreira , Albert Tarancón , Claudio Gerbaldi , Federico Smeacetto

The promising use of NASICON-type ceramics electrolytes highlights the need for rapid, energy-efficient and scalable ceramic processing. Ultra-fast high-temperature sintering (UHS) overcomes the limitations of conventional sintering including prolonged times, high energy demand and lithium volatilization, which can adversely affect ionic conductivity and structural stability. Here, UHS is investigated for the sintering of a modified Li_1.5Al_0.3Mg_0.1Ge_1.6(PO₄)₃ + 0.5 wt% B₂O₃ composition (namely, LAMGPB) obtained through melt-casting, in comparison with a commercial LAGP counterpart. The densification, crystallization behavior and microstructural evolution of the two amorphous systems are investigated across increasing currents. Results demonstrate that the high heating rates achieved through UHS promote rapid densification and enable the formation of a fully crystalline and pure LAGP ion-conducting phase in both systems. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals an enhanced total ionic conductivity for LAMGPB compared to commercial LAGP. A reduced grain boundary resistance is indeed observed for this system, attributed to the improved grain size and cohesion induced by the segregation of amorphous B₂O₃ at the grain boundary. Overall, this study sheds light on the correlations between the crystal phase evolutions, microstructural features and electrochemical performances of NASICON-type systems, unravelling the effect of UHS sintering and oxide doping on these aspects.

{"title":"Enhanced densification and conductivity of LAMGPB glass-ceramic electrolyte through ultra-fast high-temperature sintering","authors":"Sofia Saffirio , Antonio Gianfranco Sabato , Daiana Marcia Ferreira , Albert Tarancón , Claudio Gerbaldi , Federico Smeacetto","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The promising use of NASICON-type ceramics electrolytes highlights the need for rapid, energy-efficient and scalable ceramic processing. Ultra-fast high-temperature sintering (UHS) overcomes the limitations of conventional sintering including prolonged times, high energy demand and lithium volatilization, which can adversely affect ionic conductivity and structural stability. Here, UHS is investigated for the sintering of a modified Li<sub>1.5</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Mg<sub>0.1</sub>Ge<sub>1.6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 0.5 wt% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composition (namely, LAMGPB) obtained through melt-casting, in comparison with a commercial LAGP counterpart. The densification, crystallization behavior and microstructural evolution of the two amorphous systems are investigated across increasing currents. Results demonstrate that the high heating rates achieved through UHS promote rapid densification and enable the formation of a fully crystalline and pure LAGP ion-conducting phase in both systems. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals an enhanced total ionic conductivity for LAMGPB compared to commercial LAGP. A reduced grain boundary resistance is indeed observed for this system, attributed to the improved grain size and cohesion induced by the segregation of amorphous B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at the grain boundary. Overall, this study sheds light on the correlations between the crystal phase evolutions, microstructural features and electrochemical performances of NASICON-type systems, unravelling the effect of UHS sintering and oxide doping on these aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236768"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling asynchronous oxidation of carbon and lithium carbonate during charging in lithium-carbon dioxide battery

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236737

Wanzhen Li , Wentao Wang , Ningxuan Zhu , Chuan Tan , Xiangwen Gao , Yuhui Chen

Lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) and carbon (C) play crucial roles as primary discharge products in lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO₂) batteries. Understanding the reversible formation and oxidation of Li₂CO₃ and C during charge-discharge cycles is essential for the cyclic performance of Li-CO₂ batteries. However, the role of the decomposition mechanisms of Li₂CO₃ and the C substrate remains debated, especially under real operating conditions. Here, we find that the discharge product C undergoes oxidation during charging, displaying non-synchronous oxidation compared to Li₂CO₃. Oxidation primarily involves C and the electrolyte in the early charging stages, producing CO₂ and CO. In the later stages, the decomposition of Li₂CO₃ predominates, producing highly reactive CO₃^·- intermediates. Interestingly, after prolonged ball milling of lithium carbonate and carbon, the C elements can be exchanged through Li₂CO₃•C composite materials. By forming Li₂CO₃•C composites, C can be oxidized synchronously during the charging. Therefore, designing a catalyst to promote the reversible formation/decomposition of Li₂CO₃•C could be vital to achieving reversible cycling in Li-CO₂ batteries.

{"title":"Unravelling asynchronous oxidation of carbon and lithium carbonate during charging in lithium-carbon dioxide battery","authors":"Wanzhen Li , Wentao Wang , Ningxuan Zhu , Chuan Tan , Xiangwen Gao , Yuhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium carbonate (Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) and carbon (C) play crucial roles as primary discharge products in lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO<sub>2</sub>) batteries. Understanding the reversible formation and oxidation of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and C during charge-discharge cycles is essential for the cyclic performance of Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries. However, the role of the decomposition mechanisms of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and the C substrate remains debated, especially under real operating conditions. Here, we find that the discharge product C undergoes oxidation during charging, displaying non-synchronous oxidation compared to Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Oxidation primarily involves C and the electrolyte in the early charging stages, producing CO<sub>2</sub> and CO. In the later stages, the decomposition of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> predominates, producing highly reactive CO<sub>3</sub><sup>·-</sup> intermediates. Interestingly, after prolonged ball milling of lithium carbonate and carbon, the C elements can be exchanged through Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>•C composite materials. By forming Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>•C composites, C can be oxidized synchronously during the charging. Therefore, designing a catalyst to promote the reversible formation/decomposition of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>•C could be vital to achieving reversible cycling in Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"640 ","pages":"Article 236737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0