Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10456P08
A. Palumbo
{"title":"Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis, Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers, written by N. Harry Rothschild, 2015","authors":"A. Palumbo","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10456P08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10456P08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130111085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10456P01
Anatoly Polnarov
This study investigates the Yantielun 鹽鐵論, a text that recreates the 81 BCE court debate during which government officials clashed with “literary scholars” (wenxue 文學) and “worthy and good persons” (xianliang 賢良) over multiple policy issues. I show that a careful look at the Yantielun allows us to distinguish between the voices of the two subgroups of critics, who hitherto have been viewed almost ubiquitously as a uniform camp. The “worthy and good persons” appear as a “third voice” attempting to bridge the gap between the polar standpoints of the officials and the literary scholars. I argue that this hidden diversity is proof of the reliability of the Yantielun as an account of the debate and a testimony to the complexity of the intellectual and political environment of the mid- to late Former Han.
{"title":"Looking Beyond Dichotomies: Hidden Diversity of Voices in the Yantielun 鹽鐵論","authors":"Anatoly Polnarov","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10456P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10456P01","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the Yantielun 鹽鐵論, a text that recreates the 81 BCE court debate during which government officials clashed with “literary scholars” (wenxue 文學) and “worthy and good persons” (xianliang 賢良) over multiple policy issues. I show that a careful look at the Yantielun allows us to distinguish between the voices of the two subgroups of critics, who hitherto have been viewed almost ubiquitously as a uniform camp. The “worthy and good persons” appear as a “third voice” attempting to bridge the gap between the polar standpoints of the officials and the literary scholars. I argue that this hidden diversity is proof of the reliability of the Yantielun as an account of the debate and a testimony to the complexity of the intellectual and political environment of the mid- to late Former Han.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P10
Robert J. Antony
{"title":"Forgery and Impersonation in Imperial China: Popular Deceptions and the High Qing State. By Mark McNicholas, 2016","authors":"Robert J. Antony","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131481285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P02
Tony D. Qian
Literary judgments (pan 判) were highly stylized prose pieces from the Tang dynasty written in response to legal and administrative controversies. The ability to compose judgments was the principal criterion by which candidates were selected for offices in the Tang bureaucracy. In this article, judgments written for cases that involved disputes between (prospective) spouses and their families are examined, with a focus on the use of extralegal considerations to resolve sensitive domestic conflicts. By analyzing select hypothetical judgments from Bai Juyi’s literary collection and three other judgments on family law cases (from a Dunhuang manuscript, a Tang miscellany, and the Song compendium Wenyuan yinghua 文苑英華), we may see how literary language and allusions played a role in eliciting the moral sensibilities and emotions of readers. For these cases, this strategy was more effective than arguments based on formal legal sources alone.
{"title":"Moral Sensibilities, Emotions, and the Law: Extralegal Considerations in Tang Literary Judgments on Spousal Relationships","authors":"Tony D. Qian","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P02","url":null,"abstract":"Literary judgments (pan 判) were highly stylized prose pieces from the Tang dynasty written in response to legal and administrative controversies. The ability to compose judgments was the principal criterion by which candidates were selected for offices in the Tang bureaucracy. In this article, judgments written for cases that involved disputes between (prospective) spouses and their families are examined, with a focus on the use of extralegal considerations to resolve sensitive domestic conflicts. By analyzing select hypothetical judgments from Bai Juyi’s literary collection and three other judgments on family law cases (from a Dunhuang manuscript, a Tang miscellany, and the Song compendium Wenyuan yinghua 文苑英華), we may see how literary language and allusions played a role in eliciting the moral sensibilities and emotions of readers. For these cases, this strategy was more effective than arguments based on formal legal sources alone.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P08
H. Zurndorfer
{"title":"Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Song to Qing. By Keith McMahon, 2016","authors":"H. Zurndorfer","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125846972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P03
Douglas Skonicki
This article examines the cosmological arguments advanced within Liu Mu’s 劉牧 (n.d.) Yishu gouyin tu 易數鉤隱圖, a short work composed in the 1030s that was dedicated to explaining the meaning of the Yijing. In the Yishu gouyin tu, Liu used combinations of diagrams and text to argue that numbers underlay, and provided the keys to understanding, the development of the cosmos and the creation of the myriad entities that inhabited it. He further asserted that the important role numbers played in the process of creation and transformation was revealed to the ancient sage Fu Xi 伏羲 via two important diagrams, the Hetu 河圖 and Luoshu 洛書. In addition to explicating Liu’s conception of how the numbers of the Hetu and Luoshu informed both cosmological development and the composition of the Yi, this article situates his views within the context of Northern Song thought in an effort to shed light on their larger significance and influence. It argues that Liu played a key role in promoting several ideas that would assume great importance in the mid-eleventh century, including the questioning of the received exegetical tradition, the claim that the dao had a cosmological foundation, and the use of diagrams and numbers to explicate cosmological process.
{"title":"Using Numbers to Comprehend the Cosmos: An Analysis of Liu Mu’s Yishu gouyin tu","authors":"Douglas Skonicki","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P03","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the cosmological arguments advanced within Liu Mu’s 劉牧 (n.d.) Yishu gouyin tu 易數鉤隱圖, a short work composed in the 1030s that was dedicated to explaining the meaning of the Yijing. In the Yishu gouyin tu, Liu used combinations of diagrams and text to argue that numbers underlay, and provided the keys to understanding, the development of the cosmos and the creation of the myriad entities that inhabited it. He further asserted that the important role numbers played in the process of creation and transformation was revealed to the ancient sage Fu Xi 伏羲 via two important diagrams, the Hetu 河圖 and Luoshu 洛書. In addition to explicating Liu’s conception of how the numbers of the Hetu and Luoshu informed both cosmological development and the composition of the Yi, this article situates his views within the context of Northern Song thought in an effort to shed light on their larger significance and influence. It argues that Liu played a key role in promoting several ideas that would assume great importance in the mid-eleventh century, including the questioning of the received exegetical tradition, the claim that the dao had a cosmological foundation, and the use of diagrams and numbers to explicate cosmological process.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127402966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P05
Tobie S. Meyer-Fong
This article highlights the strategies and institutions that were mobilized in order to collect information during the Taiping Civil War (1851-1864). Through a close reading of the Zei qing huizuan 賊情彙纂 (Compendium of Rebel Intelligence), the article reveals that the Qing and its allies understood the Taiping as a political entity constituted on a familiar (dynastic) model and also in ethnographic terms (linguistic, sartorial, religious, regional). The article also demonstrates how individuals made use of their access to information to obtain patronage and employment within the pro-Qing camp. Finally, by spotlighting the political and moral language used by the authors of the Zei qing huizuan, the article makes obvious the deep relationship between intelligence and ideology.
{"title":"To Know the Enemy: The Zei qing huizuan, Military Intelligence, and the Taiping Civil War","authors":"Tobie S. Meyer-Fong","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P05","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the strategies and institutions that were mobilized in order to collect information during the Taiping Civil War (1851-1864). Through a close reading of the Zei qing huizuan 賊情彙纂 (Compendium of Rebel Intelligence), the article reveals that the Qing and its allies understood the Taiping as a political entity constituted on a familiar (dynastic) model and also in ethnographic terms (linguistic, sartorial, religious, regional). The article also demonstrates how individuals made use of their access to information to obtain patronage and employment within the pro-Qing camp. Finally, by spotlighting the political and moral language used by the authors of the Zei qing huizuan, the article makes obvious the deep relationship between intelligence and ideology.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133282514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P07
Vincent Durand-Dastès
Le livre important de Marc Meulenbeld, Demonic warfare (2015), demontre a quel point les rituels taoistes de canonisation des forces demoniaques informent etroitement les recits de plusieurs grands « romans » en langue vulgaire de la fin des Ming, au premier rang desquels L’Investiture des dieux. Tout en acceptant pour l’essentiel la these du specialiste des etudes taoistes qu’est Meulenbeld, ce compte-rendu prend quelque distance avec sa radicalite (les grands recits vernaculaires sur la pacification des demons seraient avant tout a considerer comme exemples de discours paraliturgiques) pour defendre l’interet de continuer a les aborder sous l’angle litteraire. Une telle approche, toutefois, ne semble plus possible qu’en integrant pleinement les apports de l’anthropologie et des sciences religieuses, et doit conduire les historiens de la litterature chinoise a se garder de ranger trop hâtivement les grands recits en langue vulgaire de la Chine imperiale dans un genre « romanesque » defini a partir des canons de la litterature europeenne.
{"title":"Demonic Warfare: Daoism, Territorial Networks, and the History of a Ming Novel. By Mark Meulenbeld, 2015","authors":"Vincent Durand-Dastès","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P07","url":null,"abstract":"Le livre important de Marc Meulenbeld, Demonic warfare (2015), demontre a quel point les rituels taoistes de canonisation des forces demoniaques informent etroitement les recits de plusieurs grands « romans » en langue vulgaire de la fin des Ming, au premier rang desquels L’Investiture des dieux. Tout en acceptant pour l’essentiel la these du specialiste des etudes taoistes qu’est Meulenbeld, ce compte-rendu prend quelque distance avec sa radicalite (les grands recits vernaculaires sur la pacification des demons seraient avant tout a considerer comme exemples de discours paraliturgiques) pour defendre l’interet de continuer a les aborder sous l’angle litteraire. Une telle approche, toutefois, ne semble plus possible qu’en integrant pleinement les apports de l’anthropologie et des sciences religieuses, et doit conduire les historiens de la litterature chinoise a se garder de ranger trop hâtivement les grands recits en langue vulgaire de la Chine imperiale dans un genre « romanesque » defini a partir des canons de la litterature europeenne.","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130975627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P11
Alexander Statman
{"title":"Traduire la Chine au XVIIIe siècle: Les jésuites traducteurs de textes chinois et le renouvellement des connaissances européennes sur la Chine (1687-ca. 1740). By Wu Huiyi, 2017","authors":"Alexander Statman","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129289166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.1163/15685322-10434P04
Sixiang Wang
The surrender of the Koryŏ crown prince to Khubilai Khan in 1259 heralded a century of Mongol domination in Korea. According to the Koryŏ sa, the official Korean dynastic history, Khubilai saw the timely Korean capitulation as demonstrating his superiority over the Tang emperor Taizong, who had failed to subjugate Korea by force. Although the account certainly embellished certain details, notably the voluntary nature of the surrender, this paper argues that it nonetheless captures an important dynamic between Korean diplomatic strategy and the political and ideological goals of Khubilai and his advisers. The Koryŏ court, hoping to ensure the kingship’s institutional survival, portrayed Korea as representing the cultural and political legacies of the imperial past to make common cause with Khubilai’s officials who sought to recast the Mongol empire in the image of China’s past imperial dynasties. The convergence of Korean diplomatic missives, accounts in Chinese and Korean historiography, and writings by Khubilai’s closest Chinese advisers on the themes of imperial restoration and cultural revival result in part from these interactions. Moreover, these interactions helped interpolate Korea into the repertoire of political legitimation, in which Korea’s role was redefined from an object of irredentist desire, to a component in the construction of imperial authority
{"title":"What Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Korean Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition","authors":"Sixiang Wang","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10434P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10434P04","url":null,"abstract":"The surrender of the Koryŏ crown prince to Khubilai Khan in 1259 heralded a century of Mongol domination in Korea. According to the Koryŏ sa, the official Korean dynastic history, Khubilai saw the timely Korean capitulation as demonstrating his superiority over the Tang emperor Taizong, who had failed to subjugate Korea by force. Although the account certainly embellished certain details, notably the voluntary nature of the surrender, this paper argues that it nonetheless captures an important dynamic between Korean diplomatic strategy and the political and ideological goals of Khubilai and his advisers. The Koryŏ court, hoping to ensure the kingship’s institutional survival, portrayed Korea as representing the cultural and political legacies of the imperial past to make common cause with Khubilai’s officials who sought to recast the Mongol empire in the image of China’s past imperial dynasties. The convergence of Korean diplomatic missives, accounts in Chinese and Korean historiography, and writings by Khubilai’s closest Chinese advisers on the themes of imperial restoration and cultural revival result in part from these interactions. Moreover, these interactions helped interpolate Korea into the repertoire of political legitimation, in which Korea’s role was redefined from an object of irredentist desire, to a component in the construction of imperial authority","PeriodicalId":378098,"journal":{"name":"T’oung Pao","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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