BMC Psychology最新文献

Background: Work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC) is defined as the perceived comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of an individual's work situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, invariance, reliability, and validity of the Polish version of the Work-SoC Scale.

Method: The research was carried out between September and November 2023 in a diverse sample of employees. Factor structure, internal consistency, and measurement equivalence analysis were performed on sample N1 = 622. Criterion validity was checked on sample N2 = 255. Temporal stability was checked on sample N3 = 60 using the test-retest method.

Results: A three-factor solution was the best fit for the data, and invariant across sex, age, occupational group, and education. The Work-SoC was strongest in white-collar workers. Strength of Work-SoC was positively related to seniority (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). The reliability of the Work-SoC Scale was high (α = 0.84, ω = 0.84). Work-SoC was positively correlated with general SoC (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and job satisfaction (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with job burnout (r = -0.32, p < 0.001). The temporal stability of the measurement for the overall scale was high (r = 0.80, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The Polish adaptation of the Work-SoC Scale has an identical structure and is as reliable as the original version. The high criterion validity, measurement stability, and the invariant structure of the scale by sex, age, occupational group, and education suggest that the Work-SoC Scale is a valuable tool for future research on employee health.

Background: Research in recent years has increasingly highlighted the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and poor mental health outcomes. Human trafficking survivors often report exposure to many traumatic and PMIEs and given the complexities of trafficking exploitation, survivors may be especially vulnerable to moral injury. Despite this, no research has investigated experiences of PMIEs and moral injury in human trafficking survivors. The objective was to explore survivors' experiences of PMIEs, the impact of PMIEs on wellbeing and functioning and the factors that may influence outcomes following PMIEs.

Method: Participants were seven human trafficking survivors from diverse backgrounds who had settled in the UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: Human trafficking survivors were found to experience multiple PMIEs, including transgressive acts committed by others and betrayal by trusted loved ones or those in positions of authority. Experiencing PMIEs contributed towards considerable psychological distress, including intense feelings of shame, anger and worthlessness, and negatively impacted survivors daily functioning. Formal support, especially practical help (e.g. warm clothing) and social support groups, were experienced as particularly beneficial.

Conclusions: This study provides some of the first evidence that human trafficking survivors may be vulnerable to moral injury and indicates the impact that exposure to PMIEs can have on functioning. Future work is needed to ensure that statutory organisations consider the potential for causing moral injury when interacting with human trafficking survivors and clinical care teams are equipped to provide tailored guidance and support.

Background: Residents' sense of social class identity is of great significance for enhancing self-happiness and maintaining social stability. As a spiritual force, religious beliefs can significantly influence residents' subjective perceptions.

Methods: Based on this, using data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2021), this paper explores the impact of religious beliefs on residents' sense of social class identity through the probit model and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, and analyzes potential mechanisms.

Results: The baseline regression results indicate that religious beliefs significantly enhance residents' sense of social class identity(p < 0.05), a conclusion that holds true even after rigorous robustness tests. Furthermore, female residents(p < 0.05), residents with lower education levels(p < 0.05), and those who believe in domestic religions(p < 0.05) exhibit higher social class identification compared to those who believe in foreign religions. Mechanism analysis suggests that economic capital and social capital play mediating roles, indicating that religious beliefs enhance the economic(p < 0.01) and social capital of believers(p < 0.01), thereby increasing their sense of social class identity.

Conclusions: Therefore, this paper suggests respecting residents' religious beliefs, while religious organizations should actively adapt to the needs of social development, providing spiritual comfort and moral guidance to residents.

Background: Poor social connections are associated with poor digital literacy. Poor digital literacy could induce poor outcomes in daily life or health status, especially among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social participation based on its absolute magnitude on digital literacy and to confirm the well-known fact that social participations are good for digital literacy is applicable regardless of activity types in a sample of older Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 9,297 adults aged 65 years or older from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans were analyzed. All data were self-reported. Poor digital literacy was defined by limited usage of digital devices. Offline social participation was evaluated using seven different social activities: senior community activities, learning activities, religious activities, volunteer work, leisure, political groups, and club activities. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with covariate adjustment was used for the analysis.

Results: Engaging in more than two types of social participation was associated with higher digital literacy: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.965, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.567-2.465 for two types of participation, and aOR 2.558, 95% CI 2.040-3.208 for more than three types of participation. Additionally, social participation occurring less than once a month and most types of offline activities were associated with improved digital literacy. However, senior community activities were negatively associated with digital literacy (aOR 0.762; 95% CI 0.681-0.852).

Conclusions: In this sample of older Korean adults, it was found that the lower the social participation, the poorer the digital literacy. This association may induce the isolation of older adults from societies especially for older adults with senior community activities.

Background: This study proposed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of core self-evaluation in the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression among left-behind children, and whether this process was moderated by school climate.

Methods: A total of 415 rural left-behind children from 35 townships in Anhui Province (54.46% males; mean age = 12.53, SD = 2.27) were randomly conducted in June 2023 using convenience sampling. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS 3.3.

Results: After controlling for gender, age, grade, and left-behind type, cumulative family risk positively predicted depression in left-behind children (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). Core self-evaluation fully mediated the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression in left-behind children (indirect effect = 0.10, 95%CI = [0.06, 0.15]). Moreover, school climate moderated the relationship between cumulative family risk and core self-evaluation (the first half of the mediation pathway) (β =-0.13, p < 0.01). Specifically, as the school climate level increased, cumulative family risk became more predictive of core self-evaluation (B_low = - 0.001, p > 0.05; B_high = - 0.26, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Creating a favourable family and school climate and improving core self-evaluation are beneficial to reduce depression in left behind children.

Background: The judgment of confidence (JOC) refers to the confidence in the accuracy of the target item individuals have just retrieved and is a typical retrospective metacognitive monitoring process. In the classical paradigm of JOC, JOC occurs after the recognition or recall task. While initially viewed as a single-stage monitoring process, recent research on JOC suggests its internal mechanisms may be more complex, potentially encompassing both retrieval and monitoring processes. This study aims to delve into these mechanisms concerning neural temporal processes.

Methods: In this study, event-related potential (ERP) was used to compare N400 and slow-wave ERPs of high and low JOCs at different time windows using a classic JOC paradigm.

Results: Behavioral results showed an inverted-U shaped relationship between response time (RT) and JOCs, peaking at magnitude 3 before declining. There were significantly longer RT for low JOCs compared with high JOCs, along with lower recognition scores. The ERP results showed that low JOCs induced larger N400 in the right frontal lobe and right central area, while high JOCs induced larger slow-wave components (500 ~ 700ms) in the right frontal lobe.

Conclusions: Based on these findings, the present study suggests that JOC involves two processing stages. N400 reflects the process of cue acquisition, while the slow-wave component reflects the process of cue application. Furthermore, a two-stage model was proposed and validated, enriching the study of metacognition monitoring mechanisms, offering insights into the processing mechanisms of retrospective metacognitive monitoring.

Background: Citizenship fatigue has been identified as a negative consequence of performing organizational citizenship behaviors and has been studied due to its undesirable effects on employees and organizations. This article aims to present the results of adapting the citizenship fatigue scale to Portuguese language and to provide evidence of its validity.

Methods: The research methodology involved multiple stages. Initially, the Citizenship Fatigue Scale was translated into Portuguese using a robust back-translation process involving three bilingual translators to ensure semantic accuracy. Subsequently, for psychometric testing, the Citizenship Fatigue Scale and Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Scale were administered to a sample of 406 employees from different economic sectors (103 male; 303 female), aged 18 to 70 years. Reliability and validity indicators were calculated from the CFA structure, employing the maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping. Gender invariance was examined at three different levels: [1] configural invariance [2], factor loading invariance and [3] factor loading and intercept invariance.

Results: The internal consistency, of the whole scale, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.94. The composite reliability value was also very satisfactory (CF = 0.94). The variance extracted from mean (AVE) value of 0.79 was higher than the required limit of 0.50, indicating an adequate fit of the model. The confirmatory analysis supported a single-factor model and showed good to very good fit indexes (CFI = 1.00; GFI = 0.99; RMSEA ≤ 0.01). The model was successfully replicated with a male and female sample.

Discussion: The results confirm that the Portuguese version of the Citizenship Fatigue Scale is a reliable instrument for research with Portuguese speaking samples and international research.

Background: The well-being of LGBTQ + medical students can be influenced by religiosity, family support, and the disclosure of their gender identity or sexual orientation. These factors have frequently been overlooked and warrant further consideration in creating a supportive environment for all students.

Methods: This multicenter study investigated two main outcomes including the differences in religiosity and perceived family support between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + medical students in Thailand, and the gender disclosure to family among LGBTQ + medical students. It was conducted among students from five medical schools across Thailand, using online questionnaires during the academic year 2021-2022. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, religiosity, gender identity/sexual orientation disclosure to family, and perceived family support. Comparisons between groups were conducted using chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results: Of the 1,322 participants, 31.2% identified themselves as LGBTQ+, among whom 81.8% were Buddhists. The proportion of non-religious LGBTQ + students was significantly higher (vs. non-LGBTQ+; 15.0% vs. 8.4%, respectively; p = 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in religiosity between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + students as well as between LGBTQ + subgroups. Although, 74% of LGBTQ + students reported good family support, significantly more LGBTQ + students perceived poor family support (vs. non-LGBTQ+, 7.0% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.002). Regarding the disclosure of gender identity or sexual orientation to the family, the majority of LGBTQ + individuals indicated either a non-disclosure or uncertainty. There were significant associations between perceived family support and the likelihood of disclosing one's identity to family members, as better perceived support was associated with higher disclosure rates.

Conclusions: No statistically significant difference in religiosity was found between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + students. The majority of LGBTQ + medical students reported receiving good family support; however, among those who perceived their family's support to be lacking, there was a greater tendency to conceal their gender identity from their families. For future studies, it is crucial to investigate whether this concealment extends to other spheres of their lives and to assess the potential impact on their well-being, including mental health and quality of life.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common mood disorder associated with stroke. By investigating the differences in life quality factors among stroke survivors, the results of this study offer insights into how to better prevent and manage the onset and progression of depression.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that selected patients receiving treatment in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Hebei University Affiliated Hospital from September 1 to November 30, 2023. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: 1. Age ≥ 18 years; 2. Diagnosis of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke confirmed by imaging examination. The exclusion criteria included: 1. A history of psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety prior to the onset of the illness; 2. History of psychiatric medication use before the onset; 3. Functional impairments, such as speech, cognitive, or consciousness disorders, that hinder cooperation with the survey questionnaire. Ultimately, a total of 131 patients were included in the study. Based on the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), patients were divided into the PSD group and the non-PSD group. The primary evaluation metrics included the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), allowing for a comparison of demographic, clinical data, and evaluation metrics between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and GraphPad Prism version 9.0 was used for graphical representations.

Results: The morbidity rate of PSD in this study was 48%, which was slightly higher than the global statistical data. The demographic data did not show any statistical differences in terms of age, sex, history of smoking and drinking, or occupation, but they did show a significant difference in terms of education level (p < 0.05), which was primarily related to low education level in the PSD group. In contrast, the clinical data did not show any differences in terms of stroke type, pathogenic site, or medical history (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, statistical results indicated no significant difference in the mRS between the two groups. However, the GSES, VAS, and FAS showed significant differences. This suggests a strong correlation between GSES, VAS, and FAS with the occurrence of PSD, indicating that these factors may serve as predictors for PSD. In medical practice, focusing on patients' self-efficacy, pain, and fatigue levels could facilitate recovery. When developing rehabilitation plans, it is crucial to minimize patients' feelings of self-defeat, enhance their self-efficacy, and manage fatigue effectively. Furthermore, reinforcing pain management throughout the rehabilitation process may promote more effective patient recovery.

Background: So far, some training interventions have been carried out to improve the mental health in women with infertility, but designing the need and evidence-based, as well as multimedia mental health self-care interventions based on cyber space has received less attention. Due to the spread of the internet and the role of self-care in improving mental disorders, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the multimedia mental health self-care program on mental health and to assess the users' satisfaction.

Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial with pretest-posttest follow-up design. The sample was selected using a convenience sampling method (n = 90). The random number function was used to assign random numbers. The research instruments include a demographic, psychological Well-being, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, fertility problems and satisfaction with training questionnaire. Six weeks of intervention was conducted following the pre-test and the link of each session's content was sent to the participants, based on the training schedule, through Eitaa Messenger. The post-test and follow-up were conducted 1 week and 1 month post intervention. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control group in the mean score of psychological well-being, perceived stress and infertility stress 1 week and 1 month post intervention and in the mean score of depression and anxiety 1 month post intervention. The intervention group scored higher than the control in psychological well-being but lower in perceived stress, depression, anxiety and infertility stress. The intervention had a positive effect and reduced the score of perceived stress, depression, anxiety and infertility in the intervention group over time. The score reduction continued until the follow-up stage. No significant time-interaction effect was observed on psychological well-being and on the control group. Satisfaction with the program and subscales was desirable.

Conclusion: This program could significantly reduce the depression, anxiety, perceived stress and infertility stress and desirable satisfaction with the program was observed among users. This program can be used in designing the experimental and therapeutic interventions to improve mental-health self-care behaviors.

Trial registration: RCT Registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; RCT registration number: IRCT20210526051410N1; Registration date: 2022-11-06. Last update: 2023-01-28 https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/57874.