BMC Psychology最新文献

Introduction: Hospitalization in the COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) induces psychological pressures on patients, including anxiety and depression, which disrupt their functioning. Patient education and support can facilitate recovery and potentially alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a supportive training program on stress, anxiety, and depression among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Najaf hospitals.

Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2021, involving 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and RT-PCR tests. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group using SPSS software-generated random sequence. At the beginning of the study, both groups completed demographic information forms and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The control group received standard care, while the intervention group participated in a supportive educational program in addition to routine care. On the fifth day of hospitalization, both groups completed the DASS-21 again. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests.

Results: The two groups were homogeneous regarding gender, place of residence, marital status, and income (p > 0.05). On the fifth day, a statistically significant reduction in stress, anxiety, and depression levels was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: A supportive educational program in the COVID ward can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression among patients. This program is feasible for implementation by nurses without additional costs. Future research could explore the long-term effects of such interventions and assess patient satisfaction with the educational program.

Trial registration: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (no. IRCT20140625018231N1) on 05/11/2021.

Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL)/ Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) dependency among older people living in rural areas.

Methods: We analyzed data from the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study 2020, focusing on the rural older adults over 60. We identified four groups and constructed three regression models (models 1-3) to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment or depression and dependency.

Results: Based on a logistic regression model, older adults living in rural areas face a sequentially increased risk of dependence on ADL if they in group 2 (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63), group 3 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.43-2.17), or group 4 (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.95-2.91), when compared to a reference group 1. Group 2 (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 2.03 to 2.93) was more likely to be at risk of IADL dependence than Group 3 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.64 to 2.43).

Conclusions: This study highlights the substantial impact of depression and cognitive impairment on ADL/IADL dependence among rural older adults, with an especially heightened risk when both disorders are present simultaneously. Moreover, factors such as gender, age, inpatient services, outpatient services, and self-rated health are strongly associated with functional dependence in this population.

Background: The mental health of first-generation college students has received much attention from researchers. The dual-factor model of mental health emphasizes the integration of psychopathology and well-being to achieve a comprehensive assessment of mental health. Previous research has focused on the psychopathology and well-being of first-generation college students in isolation while ignoring the overall mental health development.

Aim: This study aims to identify the mental health profiles of first-generation college freshmen (indexed by symptoms of psychopathology and well-being) using a person-centered approach, and examine direct and interactive associations of proactive personality and university environment with mental health profiles.

Method: This study included 557 first-generation college freshmen recruited from universities in China. Participants completed measures assessing proactive personality, university environment, mental health continuum, and depression, anxiety, and stress. Latent profile analysis, multinomial logistic regression, and simple slope analyses were used to investigate these relationships.

Results: The results revealed four mental health profiles, namely flourishing mental health, moderate mental health, content-dominated but symptoms, and symptoms-dominated but content. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that first-generation college freshmen with higher proactive personality and university environment were more inclined to fall into the flourishing mental health profile compared to other sub-optimal mental health profiles. The interaction term between proactive personality and university environment was significant. Specifically, compared to proactive first-generation college freshmen in high levels of university environment, those in low levels of university environment were more inclined to be categorized into the flourishing mental health profile rather than the symptoms-dominated but content profile.

Conclusion: These results underscore the diverse nature of mental health changes in first-generation college freshmen, underscoring the need for tailored prevention strategies.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the specific psychological mechanisms of female victims coping with gender bias in bystander intervention (Study 1) and bystander neglect (Study 2), as well as the influence of bystander gender.

Methodology: Two experiments recruited 208 participants who, after watching a first-person video of their experience of gender prejudice, filled out questionnaires measuring emotions, feelings of power, evaluation of the perpetrator and willingness to confront. A moderated mediation model was set up, and the bootstrapping method were applied.

Findings: We found that the victim's feeling of power significantly mediated the relationship between anger and confrontation intention in bystander intervention. The victim's negative evaluation of the perpetrator significantly mediated between anger and confrontation intention in bystander neglect. Notably, both mediation models could be constructed only when the bystander was male rather than female.

Implications: This study has important implications for gender bias. The results reveal the psychological mechanism of victims coping with gender bias, and call for groups of all genders to join in the anti-gender bias alliance.

The present study investigated observers' perspectives of smartphone use during social interactions in serious and casual conversational contexts, suggesting gender differences. The results of the between-subjects 2 × 2 experimental study show that female observers perceive lower conversation quality when observing phubbing than male observers, aligning with the need-threat model's assertion of female susceptibility to social exclusion. Moreover, observing phubbing diminishes perceived appropriateness of the interaction. Interestingly, no disparity was found in casual versus serious topics of the conversations. Societal implications are discussed.

The crisis of inequality in human society has profound implications, particularly in the context of risky helping dilemmas. This study examined the relationship between subjective social status and prosocial risky behavior (PRB) and its mediating mechanisms at both the trait and situational levels. Study 1 examined the relationship between trait subjective social status, holistic thinking, and PRB intention using a questionnaire. Study 2 further examined the causal relationships between situational subjective social status and PRB, their boundary conditions, and mediating mechanisms using experimental methods. The results showed that low-status individuals (vs. high-status individuals) tended to engage in more PRB for both trait and situational subjective social status. This difference existed only in the high-risk level condition. Furthermore, holistic thinking mediated the relationship between subjective social status and PRB. This has important implications for mitigating the negative impacts of social status disparities on individual psychology and behavior, promoting the enhancement of prosocial levels among individuals of different social statuses in risky situations.

Objective: Caregivers' positive affect benefits patients' and their well-being. Savoring is one important emotion regulation strategy to manage positive affect. Limited information about patterns of savoring hinders the development of targeted interventions to promote cancer caregivers' emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to identify latent patterns of savoring and investigate influencing factors associated with the identified patterns among caregivers of people with advanced cancer.

Methods: Latent profile analysis was performed to identify savoring patterns based on savoring beliefs and strategies in 404 informal caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Multinomial logistic regression analysis examined associated factors regarding different savoring profiles.

Results: Three latent profiles of savoring were identified. Individuals in high level of savoring (HS, 33.4%) showed the highest level of savoring and positive affect. Compared with HS, caregivers in low level of savoring (LS, 9.4%) and medium level of savoring (MS, 57.2%) showed lower savoring and lower positive affect. Active coping(β_MS = -0.109, β_LS = -0.252, p<0.001)was the strongest protecting factor for both MS and LS, while passive coping (β = 0.146, p = 0.008) was a risk factor for LS. Non-assistance from others (β = 0.677, p = 0.015) and unemployment (β = 1.287, p = 0.007)were the strongest risk factors for the MS and LS subgroup, respectively.

Conclusions: Caregivers' savoring patterns appear to vary at different levels. Oncological professionals should pay attention to caregivers with passive coping, unemployment, and lack of assistance for designing targeted savoring training to promote emotional well-being.

Objective: Assess the effect of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and coping strategies on patients with oral cancer's post-traumatic growth (PTG).

Methods: A total of 255 patients with oral cancer participated and were investigated using the Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FOP-Q-SF), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) in this cross-sectional study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Results: Higher FCR scores were negatively associated with PTG (r = -0.646). Negative coping strategies were negatively correlated with PTG (r = -0.219). Positive coping strategies positively correlated with PTG (r = 0.482). Regression analysis indicated that the treatment of surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, FCR, and coping strategies had significant independent influences on patients with oral cancer's PTG.

Conclusions: Reducing fear of recurrence and improving one's capacity for proactive coping in the face of traumatic situations are necessary for post-traumatic growth stimulation. Thus, it is important to develop and implement focused therapies aimed at enhancing post-traumatic growth in patients with oral cancer.

This study aims to examine the relationship between teachers' perception of organizational justice (POJ) and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and to explore the mediating role of teacher burnout (JB) in the POJ-OCB relationship. Data were collected through a survey with a sample of 1,325 teachers from two cities in China: Chongqing and Chenzhou in Hunan Province. The survey response rate was 92.01%. Descriptive statistical analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, mediation effect testing, and dominance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that procedural justice positively predicts OCB, while burnout negatively predicts OCB. Furthermore, the study reveals that JB plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between POJ and OCB, particularly in the dimensions of passion burnout and professional self-efficacy burnout.

Background: The existing cognitive screening tests used to assess cognitive disorders after stroke in Türkiye face limitations in scope and user applicability. Therefore, this study aimed to address these limitations by adapting the stroke-specific cognitive screening test, the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), into Turkish. Additionally, validity and reliability studies were conducted.

Methods: A total of 114 stroke survivors and 92 healthy individuals participated in the study. Data were collected using the "Participant Information Form," "Oxford Cognitive Screen Turkish Version (OCS-TR)," "Aphasia Language Assessment Test (ADD)," "Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test- Turkish (MOCA-TR)," "Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (BGYAI)" and "Beck Depression Scale." The team followed an established and detailed step by step process guided by the OCS Concept Elaboration document. Statistical analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics. Validity and reliability studies, including content validity, known-groups validity, convergent and divergent validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, and parallel forms reliability were conducted to assess the robustness of the measurement instruments.

Results: The language and cultural adaptation process underwent content analysis, adhering to ISPOR and ISOQOL guidelines, resulting in minimal content changes post-pilot study. Notable differences in subtest scores between healthy and stroke participants in both A and B forms of OCS-TR demonstrate known-groups validity, emphasizing superior performance in healthy participants. Strong convergent validity was evidenced by significant correlations with MOCA-TR (r_s=0.18 to 0.81) and BGYAI (r_s=0.19 to 0.51), while divergent validity was supported by weak correlations with overall BGYAI scores. Noteworthy correlations between specific subtests of OCS-TR and ADD underscore concurrent validity, with high inter- and intra-rater reliability,  internal consistency (α = 0.90 for stroke, α = 0.65 for healthy) and test-retest reliability (r_s=0.89 to 0.99). Parallel forms reliability was high in both healthy and stroke participants, though significant differences were observed on specific subtests.

Conclusion: The results confirm that the OCS-TR scale can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cognitive functions in stroke survivors. This stroke-specific tool offers clinicians a comprehensive and inclusive brief cognitive screening tool tailored to the needs of stroke patients.