BMC Psychology最新文献

Background: Work engagement, job crafting, and job satisfaction are key constructs in organizational psychology, yet their temporal dynamics remain underexplored in the educational context. Understanding these processes among teachers is critical for sustaining well-being and professional commitment.

Methods: A three-wave panel time-lagged study was conducted among Chinese primary school teachers over a six-month period in 2023, with two-month intervals between waves. The initial sample comprised 1,618 teachers at Time 1, with 1,440 retained at Time 2 (89%) and 1,180 at Time 3 (73%). After excluding incomplete responses, the final analytic sample consisted of 1,146 teachers, yielding an overall retention rate of 70.8%. Path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect associations, and model fit was evaluated using multiple indices.

Results: The model showed acceptable fit (χ2 = 798, p < .001; RMSEA = .041; SRMR = .033). Work engagement at T1 predicted job satisfaction at T3 directly (β = .66, p < .001) and indirectly through both individual (β = .05, 95% CI [.03, .10], p < .001) and collaborative job crafting (β = .07, 95% CI [.06, .12], p < .001). Work engagement also predicted individual (β = .58, p < .001) and collaborative job crafting (β = .48, p < .001). The model explained 23% of the variance in job crafting and 6% in job satisfaction.

Conclusions: Findings from this panel design indicate that teacher engagement is a key driver of both job crafting and satisfaction. The results suggest that fostering engagement can promote sustainable well-being and professional fulfillment in the Chinese educational context.

Background: Schema modes represent momentary cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and neurobiological states that are activated in response to environmental experiences. They develop through the interaction between a child's temperament and early adverse family conditions. This study examined the mediating role of parental gender in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and schema modes.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 100 adults receiving psychotherapy in Sanandaj, Iran, during autumn 2023. Participants were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Schema Mode Inventory, and the Family Emotional Climate Scale. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping procedures was used for data analysis.

Results: Significant pathways were found from ACEs to both mother-child and father-child emotional relationships (p < .001). The Mother-child emotional relationship showed a significant association with schema modes (p < .001), whereas the father-child relationship did not (p > .05). In the male subgroup, none of the paths to schema modes reached statistical significance (all p > .05). These findings reflect associations rather than causal effects.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the emotional quality of the mother-child emotional relationships were more strongly associated with schema modes than father-child relationships at the sample level. No significant paths to schema modes were observed in the male subgroup, indicating that conclusions about gender-specific influences should remain cautious and exploratory. Further research using formal multi-group analyses is required to clarify potential gender-related differences.

Objective: This study examines the association between functional disability and depressive symptoms among Chinese centenarians, and the mediating role of leisure activities and attitudes toward aging in this association.

Methods: The data were obtained from a cross-sectional household survey of 185 centenarians in Nanjing. We used Ordinary least squares (OLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the associations between functional disability, leisure activities, attitudes toward aging, and depressive symptoms.

Results: Functional disability was positively associated with depressive symptoms (b = 0.24, p < 0.001). Both leisure activities (34.2%) and attitudes toward aging (82.3%) partially mediated the association between functional disability and depressive symptoms among centenarians.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in leisure activities and fostering a positive attitude toward aging may help very old adults maintain their mental well-being, despite declines in physical functioning.

This study examines the relationships between digital game addiction tendencies, self-regulation, social skills, and life skills in preschool children. Grounded in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, the research investigates the complex relationships between the variables. Data were collected from parents and teachers of preschool-aged children in Türkiye, utilizing validated measurement tools. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed three main patterns. First, digital game addiction tendency was negatively but non-significantly related to self-regulation, showing only a marginal trend (p ≈ .05). Second, social skills were strongly and positively associated with life skills. Third, an unexpected negative association emerged between self-regulation and social skills. Digital game addiction tendency showed no significant direct association with either life skills or social skills. These findings suggest, without implying causation, that social competence in early childhood is more closely linked to adaptive life skills, whereas the role of self-regulation may vary across developmental contexts. The study calls for longitudinal research to clarify these complex, context-dependent relationships and for balanced digital exposure that supports both self-regulation and social interaction.

Background: This study examined the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, depression, and negative interpretation bias in breast cancer patients, with a specific focus on the potential mediating role of negative interpretation bias.

Methods: Eighty breast cancer patients completed a cross-sectional assessment including the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and an ambiguous emotional face recognition task. Participants were categorized into PTSS and non-PTSS groups based on IES scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, ANOVA, and mediation analyses (PROCESS Model 4, 5,000 bootstraps, 95% CI).

Results: Patients with PTSS reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression, and demonstrated a stronger tendency to interpret ambiguous emotional expressions in a negative manner. Negative interpretation bias partially mediated the association between PTSS and emotional distress.

Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with PTSS tend to experience heightened emotional distress, which may be partly accounted for by negative interpretation bias. Additional psychological and physiological mechanisms may also contribute.

Background: Attitudes towards aging are multidimensional. It is often affected by the individual's social and cultural background. Valid and reliable tools across diverse cultures are important to assess the attitudes towards aging among older adults.

Methods: The Sinhala version of the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) was cross-culturally validated following standard procedures. A validation study was conducted with a sample of 185 Sinhala-speaking older adults residing in residential care facility homes in the Colombo district. The Sinhala version of the AAQ was interviewer-administered along with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Floor and ceiling effects were assessed for each AAQ subscale, considering effects present if ≥ 15% of participants achieved the lowest or highest possible score. Psychometric properties (Internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, known-group validity, and construct validity) were assessed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 26. Statistical significance was set as 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the sample was 72.3 ± 6.1 years. The majority (56.8%) of the participants were females. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed for any subscale of AAQ. Internal consistency reliability, measured by Cronbach's alpha for psychosocial loss, psychological growth, and physical change subscales was 0.81, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. Significant correlations were shown in Pearson's correlation between all the AAQ subscales and WHOQOL-BREF domains, indicating the convergent validity. Known-group validity showed that married individuals and individuals diagnosed with chronic disease scored significantly higher mean on all three subscales of AAQ. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors with 57.77% cumulative variance with exceptions from the original version. Twenty-two items loaded to any of the factors except items 21and 23.

Conclusion: The Sinhala version of the AAQ has sound psychometric characteristics and it is a culturally appropriate and reliable measure to assess attitudes towards aging among Sinhala-speaking older adults.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk for work-related stress, but interventions to support early help-seeking are often limited. This study aims to evaluate a risk communication intervention designed to promote help-seeking behavior and reduce stress symptoms. The risk communication intervention provides personal feedback on stress symptoms, risk factors and focuses on creating awareness of the potential disconnect between values assigned to healthy working and the effort devoted to it, based on the Disconnected Values Model.

Methods: The study employed a pre-post, single-arm design. Recruitment, reach, dose delivered and received were assessed with data of the digital intervention, and participant satisfaction with questionnaires. Help-seeking behavior was measured with two items: one assessing whether action had been taken or was intended and one identifying specific actions taken. Stress symptoms were assessed using the distress screener subscale of the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. Higher scores on this screener indicate more stress symptoms. The intention to seek help was evaluated six weeks after the intervention with descriptive statistics and stress symptoms pre- and post-intervention with a paired t-test.

Results: Two out of three organizations were recruited, encompassing 660 HCWs. The intervention's reach was 12% (HCWs starting the intervention), dose delivered 100% (all components of the intervention were delivered) and dose received was 6% (number HCWs completing the intervention). Participant satisfaction averaged 6 (range 1-10). All HCWs who recognized a discrepancy between their values and behavior, and did not accept it, were prepared to take action. No changes were observed in stress symptoms, with mean scores of 2.0 (SD = 1.1) pre-intervention and 2.17 (SD = 0.77) post-intervention (p = 0.50) or help-seeking behavior.

Conclusion: The risk communication intervention contributes to the intention to change behavior, HCWs who recognized a discrepancy between their values and behavior and did not accept it were prepared to take action. Intention to change behavior is the first step towards actual behavior change, making the intervention promising. While the intervention is promising and warrants further testing to prevent work-related stress in HCWs, intervention and implementation challenges likely contributed to the lack of reduction in stress symptoms and improvement in help-seeking behavior.