Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1846992
W. McKibben, R. Cade, Lucy L. Purgason, Edward Wahesh
Abstract Content analysis is a flexible methodology that allows researchers to examine trends in communication, such as journal articles, written narratives, personal journals, and videos, to name a few. In this article, we describe a deductive approach to content analysis methodology that follows an a priori design and allows for descriptive and inferential analysis of communication in counseling outcome research. We review four replicable steps designed to maximize validity and generalizability: unitizing data, sampling units, recording categories, and reducing units into interpretable categories. Within these four steps, we discuss identifying units for analysis, sampling strategies and sample sizes, constructing a coding team, developing codebooks and coding sheets, conducting pilot tests, tracking interrater reliability, reaching consensus, and writing up findings. We also present future applications for content analysis in counseling research, including diverse sources of data (e.g., case notes, counseling videos) and integration of inferential statistical testing into the method.
{"title":"How to Conduct a Deductive Content Analysis in Counseling Research","authors":"W. McKibben, R. Cade, Lucy L. Purgason, Edward Wahesh","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1846992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1846992","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Content analysis is a flexible methodology that allows researchers to examine trends in communication, such as journal articles, written narratives, personal journals, and videos, to name a few. In this article, we describe a deductive approach to content analysis methodology that follows an a priori design and allows for descriptive and inferential analysis of communication in counseling outcome research. We review four replicable steps designed to maximize validity and generalizability: unitizing data, sampling units, recording categories, and reducing units into interpretable categories. Within these four steps, we discuss identifying units for analysis, sampling strategies and sample sizes, constructing a coding team, developing codebooks and coding sheets, conducting pilot tests, tracking interrater reliability, reaching consensus, and writing up findings. We also present future applications for content analysis in counseling research, including diverse sources of data (e.g., case notes, counseling videos) and integration of inferential statistical testing into the method.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"57 1","pages":"156 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87887647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1829967
A. Johnson, C. West, Bradley T. Erford, S. Karkhanis
Abstract Articles published in Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CORE) from 2010–2019 were analyzed using meta-study procedures for trends over time related to author characteristics (e.g., gender, work setting, domicile, leading contributors and institutions) and article content (e.g., typology, research methodology, characteristics of participants, research design, statistics used, report of effect size, reliability and validity). Nearly all author and article characteristics displayed stable trends over time. The proportion of research articles increased significantly and CORE now joins the upper echelon of counseling family journals at a rate of more than 75%. CORE is in some ways leading counseling journals in best practice methods and high-quality standards of research publications. CORE publishes among the highest proportions of research articles, true and quasi-experimental research designs, and intervention studies. As such, CORE is fulfilling its mission of providing outcome research and program evaluation evidence of effective counseling practices.
{"title":"A Meta-Study of Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CORE): An Analysis of Publication Characteristics from 2010–2019","authors":"A. Johnson, C. West, Bradley T. Erford, S. Karkhanis","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1829967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1829967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Articles published in Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CORE) from 2010–2019 were analyzed using meta-study procedures for trends over time related to author characteristics (e.g., gender, work setting, domicile, leading contributors and institutions) and article content (e.g., typology, research methodology, characteristics of participants, research design, statistics used, report of effect size, reliability and validity). Nearly all author and article characteristics displayed stable trends over time. The proportion of research articles increased significantly and CORE now joins the upper echelon of counseling family journals at a rate of more than 75%. CORE is in some ways leading counseling journals in best practice methods and high-quality standards of research publications. CORE publishes among the highest proportions of research articles, true and quasi-experimental research designs, and intervention studies. As such, CORE is fulfilling its mission of providing outcome research and program evaluation evidence of effective counseling practices.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"389 1","pages":"134 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84997421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1814138
S. D. A. Litam, Seungbin Oh
Abstract A moderated mediation path analysis indicated COVID-19 racial discrimination was negatively associated with life satisfaction and positively related to depression in Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans (CCA; N = 187). Strong ethnic identity moderated the relationship between COVID-19 discrimination and depression. Higher levels of coping moderated the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. Professional counselors are thus called to help CCA clients expand their coping skills to mitigate the effects of pandemic-related discrimination. Counselors can also help Chinese clients raise their critical consciousness and understand how oppressive systems and experiences of discrimination are linked to overall mental health and wellbeing.
{"title":"Ethnic Identity and Coping Strategies as Moderators of COVID-19 Racial Discrimination Experiences Among Chinese Americans","authors":"S. D. A. Litam, Seungbin Oh","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1814138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1814138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A moderated mediation path analysis indicated COVID-19 racial discrimination was negatively associated with life satisfaction and positively related to depression in Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans (CCA; N = 187). Strong ethnic identity moderated the relationship between COVID-19 discrimination and depression. Higher levels of coping moderated the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. Professional counselors are thus called to help CCA clients expand their coping skills to mitigate the effects of pandemic-related discrimination. Counselors can also help Chinese clients raise their critical consciousness and understand how oppressive systems and experiences of discrimination are linked to overall mental health and wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"39 1","pages":"101 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86731620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1796480
E. Mason, Beverly J. Trezek
Abstract Definitions of what constitutes evidence-based practice (EBP) are often debated across disciplines, including school counseling. The Ronald H. Fredrickson Center for School Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CSCORE) offers a research coding protocol to determine EBPs. This protocol was used in this review to evaluate select school counseling intervention research studies (N = 13) in the social emotional domain. Results revealed that none of the identified interventions met all criteria of the protocol and confirmed the persistent issues of research quality in school counseling intervention research. However, the variable strengths and limitations of the research included in this review may be worth considering in the context of school counseling theory to practice. Implications regarding the state of intervention research and EBPs in school counseling are discussed.
{"title":"Using the CSCORE Protocol to Identify Evidence-Based Practices in School Counseling Intervention Research","authors":"E. Mason, Beverly J. Trezek","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1796480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1796480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Definitions of what constitutes evidence-based practice (EBP) are often debated across disciplines, including school counseling. The Ronald H. Fredrickson Center for School Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CSCORE) offers a research coding protocol to determine EBPs. This protocol was used in this review to evaluate select school counseling intervention research studies (N = 13) in the social emotional domain. Results revealed that none of the identified interventions met all criteria of the protocol and confirmed the persistent issues of research quality in school counseling intervention research. However, the variable strengths and limitations of the research included in this review may be worth considering in the context of school counseling theory to practice. Implications regarding the state of intervention research and EBPs in school counseling are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"7 1","pages":"91 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87386440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1796481
Michael K. Schmit, Erika L. Schmit, A. Lenz, Joshua Hawkins, Sarah A. Silveus, Candace Chuyou-Campbell
Abstract We evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral couples therapy (BCT) on increasing abstinence from substance use and relationship adjustment when compared to alternative treatments. Using meta-analytic procedures, we synthesized 17 randomized, between-group studies representing the data of 2,307 participants (1,304 identified users and 1,003 partners). Abstinence from substance use was measured using the Timeline Followback Interview, while relationship adjustment was measured using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, or the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire. Separate random-effects meta-analyses revealed small effects sizes in favor of BCT on abstinence from substance use (g = .21 [CI95 = .04, .39]) and relationship adjustment (g = .37 [CI95 = .21, .54]). Independent random-effects models revealed evidence of publication bias and influential moderating variables on treatment outcomes. Counselors should exercise caution when adopting a BCT approach for couples with substance use and relationship adjustment issues, and consider how alternative treatment methods may be just as effective.
{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Behavioral Couples Therapy for Increasing Abstinence From Substance Use and Relationship Adjustment","authors":"Michael K. Schmit, Erika L. Schmit, A. Lenz, Joshua Hawkins, Sarah A. Silveus, Candace Chuyou-Campbell","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1796481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1796481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral couples therapy (BCT) on increasing abstinence from substance use and relationship adjustment when compared to alternative treatments. Using meta-analytic procedures, we synthesized 17 randomized, between-group studies representing the data of 2,307 participants (1,304 identified users and 1,003 partners). Abstinence from substance use was measured using the Timeline Followback Interview, while relationship adjustment was measured using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, or the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire. Separate random-effects meta-analyses revealed small effects sizes in favor of BCT on abstinence from substance use (g = .21 [CI95 = .04, .39]) and relationship adjustment (g = .37 [CI95 = .21, .54]). Independent random-effects models revealed evidence of publication bias and influential moderating variables on treatment outcomes. Counselors should exercise caution when adopting a BCT approach for couples with substance use and relationship adjustment issues, and consider how alternative treatment methods may be just as effective.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"7 1","pages":"57 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87376551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-12DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1788929
E. Villares, Greg A. Brigman, Linda D. Webb, J. Carey, Karen M. Harrington
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if 5th grade teachers’ perceptions of the school counselor’s impact (SCI) would differ from those of classroom teachers who did not collaborate with a school counselor to deliver the Student Success Skills (SSS) classroom program. Teachers (N = 234) from two large school districts in Florida participated in a randomized control trial. The teachers completed the SCI scale of the Teacher My Class Inventory-Short Form at three data collection points. Results from a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences for treatment group teachers’ (n = 112) scores on the SCI scale from pretest to posttest and post-posttest as well as when compared to the control group teachers’ perceptions (n = 112). Implications for school counselors suggest that collaborating with educators when planning and delivering classroom programs can improve teachers’ perceptions about their impact. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
{"title":"A Randomized Control Trial of Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions of School Counselor Impact","authors":"E. Villares, Greg A. Brigman, Linda D. Webb, J. Carey, Karen M. Harrington","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1788929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1788929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if 5th grade teachers’ perceptions of the school counselor’s impact (SCI) would differ from those of classroom teachers who did not collaborate with a school counselor to deliver the Student Success Skills (SSS) classroom program. Teachers (N = 234) from two large school districts in Florida participated in a randomized control trial. The teachers completed the SCI scale of the Teacher My Class Inventory-Short Form at three data collection points. Results from a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences for treatment group teachers’ (n = 112) scores on the SCI scale from pretest to posttest and post-posttest as well as when compared to the control group teachers’ perceptions (n = 112). Implications for school counselors suggest that collaborating with educators when planning and delivering classroom programs can improve teachers’ perceptions about their impact. Recommendations for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"72 1","pages":"105 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2020.1776598
R. Balkin, G. M. Russo
Abstract Research related to adolescents in residential treatment for substance use is limited. Evaluations identifying treatment progress across frequent, multiple time points are scant. In this study 20 adolescent males (age M = 16.46, SD = 1.04) in residential treatment for substance use completed self-report inventories related to working alliance, problem severity, well-being, and crisis stabilization across 10 weeks. Small, statistically significant reductions in problem severity and improved well-being were noted. No statistically significant changes were noted with measures of the working alliance, well-being, and crisis stabilization, with small to medium effect sizes and unimproved conditions with no clinical significance. Therapeutic gains were evident for adolescent males working through issues related to chronic substance abuse in residential treatment, as indicated by a statistically significant reduction in problem severity with a moderate effect and slight improvement with limited clinical significance. The working alliance appeared to have some influence on treatment gains. This study represents an evaluation from a single site to help illuminate the challenges of residential treatment for substance use and potential perceptions of adolescent males in this level of care.
{"title":"Evaluating Perceptions of Working Alliance and Crisis Stabilization for Adolescent Males in Residential Treatment for Substance Abuse: A Time-Series Analysis","authors":"R. Balkin, G. M. Russo","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2020.1776598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1776598","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research related to adolescents in residential treatment for substance use is limited. Evaluations identifying treatment progress across frequent, multiple time points are scant. In this study 20 adolescent males (age M = 16.46, SD = 1.04) in residential treatment for substance use completed self-report inventories related to working alliance, problem severity, well-being, and crisis stabilization across 10 weeks. Small, statistically significant reductions in problem severity and improved well-being were noted. No statistically significant changes were noted with measures of the working alliance, well-being, and crisis stabilization, with small to medium effect sizes and unimproved conditions with no clinical significance. Therapeutic gains were evident for adolescent males working through issues related to chronic substance abuse in residential treatment, as indicated by a statistically significant reduction in problem severity with a moderate effect and slight improvement with limited clinical significance. The working alliance appeared to have some influence on treatment gains. This study represents an evaluation from a single site to help illuminate the challenges of residential treatment for substance use and potential perceptions of adolescent males in this level of care.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"1 1","pages":"4 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2019.1678017
C. Peterson, K. Schmid, René Kososki
Abstract Evaluation is a critical part of counseling practice. Single case evaluation, needs assessment, formative, outcome, and summative evaluation are used at different points in a program for different questions. Few studies have examined counselors’ evaluation practices and none have compared school, mental health, and other counselors’ use of these five types. In this study we investigate the frequency with which counselors perform evaluation, if evaluation practice differs by type of counselor and type of evaluation, and obstacles to conducting evaluation. A national sample of counselors (n = 911) report that they perform single case and outcome evaluation the most frequently. Their use of single case, formative and summative evaluation, and needs assessment differs by counselor type. Furthermore, counselors report heavy obstacles to evaluation, with lack of time, low administrative support, and funding emerging as key themes. Attitude did not emerge as a major obstacle.
{"title":"A National Survey of Counselors’ Use of Five Types of Program Evaluation","authors":"C. Peterson, K. Schmid, René Kososki","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2019.1678017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2019.1678017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evaluation is a critical part of counseling practice. Single case evaluation, needs assessment, formative, outcome, and summative evaluation are used at different points in a program for different questions. Few studies have examined counselors’ evaluation practices and none have compared school, mental health, and other counselors’ use of these five types. In this study we investigate the frequency with which counselors perform evaluation, if evaluation practice differs by type of counselor and type of evaluation, and obstacles to conducting evaluation. A national sample of counselors (n = 911) report that they perform single case and outcome evaluation the most frequently. Their use of single case, formative and summative evaluation, and needs assessment differs by counselor type. Furthermore, counselors report heavy obstacles to evaluation, with lack of time, low administrative support, and funding emerging as key themes. Attitude did not emerge as a major obstacle.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"41 1","pages":"71 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90595147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2019.1590688
Elizabeth A. Prosek
Abstract Counseling researchers possess a distinct skill set that lends itself to program evaluation of community-based treatment programs. Specifically, using a mixed-methods approach to program evaluation could be beneficial to meet the outcome reporting requirements to satisfy grant sponsors, as well as provide stakeholders with information needed for program improvement. The purpose of this article is to provide an overall framework of program evaluation and application of mixed method design in evaluation. Additionally, the ethical and cultural considerations of program evaluation are presented. Finally, a case example of an evaluation with a veterans’ treatment court is used throughout, concluding with challenges that might be faced by program evaluators working in community partnerships.
{"title":"An Introduction to Mixed Methods Design in Program Evaluation","authors":"Elizabeth A. Prosek","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2019.1590688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2019.1590688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Counseling researchers possess a distinct skill set that lends itself to program evaluation of community-based treatment programs. Specifically, using a mixed-methods approach to program evaluation could be beneficial to meet the outcome reporting requirements to satisfy grant sponsors, as well as provide stakeholders with information needed for program improvement. The purpose of this article is to provide an overall framework of program evaluation and application of mixed method design in evaluation. Additionally, the ethical and cultural considerations of program evaluation are presented. Finally, a case example of an evaluation with a veterans’ treatment court is used throughout, concluding with challenges that might be faced by program evaluators working in community partnerships.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"15 1","pages":"60 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75205856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2019.1663703
Naomi J. Wheeler, Andrew P. Daire, Xun Liu, Kelsee Tucker, Sandy-Ann M. Griffith, Rachel A Regal
Abstract Relationship quality contributes to favorable health; and conversely, chronic relational stress exacerbates symptoms of chronic illness (CI). Individual-oriented relationship education (RE) demonstrates promise as an efficacious intervention to improve individual and relational distress. We used a secondary data set from a community effectiveness study and applied a correlational research design to examine changes in distress following an RE intervention with a 1-group pretest–posttest design. The sample (N = 672) predominantly included low-income, ethnic minority individuals, either with CI or without. Controlling for income, CI individuals reported higher distress at enrollment baseline. Both groups showed significant improvements in distress post-RE intervention, Wilks’s λ = .93, F(1, 669) = 79.49, p < .001, η 2 = .08; however, no group benefited more. Results support further examination of changes in distress and health post-RE for individuals with CI. Counselors could use individual-oriented RE intervention to help reduce distress and as a contribution to holistic health intervention.
人际关系质量有助于健康;相反，慢性关系压力会加重慢性疾病的症状。以个体为导向的关系教育(RE)是一种改善个体和关系困扰的有效干预手段。我们使用来自社区有效性研究的辅助数据集，并应用相关研究设计，采用1组前测后测设计来检查RE干预后的痛苦变化。样本(N = 672)主要包括有或没有CI的低收入、少数民族个体。在收入控制下，CI个体在入组基线时报告了更高的痛苦。re干预后两组患者的痛苦程度均有显著改善，Wilks’s λ = 0.93, F(1,669) = 79.49, p <。001， η 2 = .08;然而，没有任何一组受益更多。结果支持进一步检查CI患者在re后的痛苦和健康变化。辅导员可以使用以个人为导向的RE干预来帮助减少痛苦，并对整体健康干预做出贡献。
{"title":"Correlational Study of Differences in Distress Following Relationship Education for Individuals With or Without Chronic Illness","authors":"Naomi J. Wheeler, Andrew P. Daire, Xun Liu, Kelsee Tucker, Sandy-Ann M. Griffith, Rachel A Regal","doi":"10.1080/21501378.2019.1663703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2019.1663703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relationship quality contributes to favorable health; and conversely, chronic relational stress exacerbates symptoms of chronic illness (CI). Individual-oriented relationship education (RE) demonstrates promise as an efficacious intervention to improve individual and relational distress. We used a secondary data set from a community effectiveness study and applied a correlational research design to examine changes in distress following an RE intervention with a 1-group pretest–posttest design. The sample (N = 672) predominantly included low-income, ethnic minority individuals, either with CI or without. Controlling for income, CI individuals reported higher distress at enrollment baseline. Both groups showed significant improvements in distress post-RE intervention, Wilks’s λ = .93, F(1, 669) = 79.49, p < .001, η 2 = .08; however, no group benefited more. Results support further examination of changes in distress and health post-RE for individuals with CI. Counselors could use individual-oriented RE intervention to help reduce distress and as a contribution to holistic health intervention.","PeriodicalId":37884,"journal":{"name":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation","volume":"11 1","pages":"103 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82143899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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