Ecological Genetics and Genomics最新文献_第10页

Molecular phylogeny of genus Nothopegia Blume nom.cons. (Anacardiaceae) in Central Western Ghats Karnataka, based on the ITS, rbcL and trnLF markers 褐藻属的分子系统发育。基于ITS， rbcL和trnLF标记，在卡纳塔克邦中西部高塞山脉（Ghats Karnataka）中发现（Anacardiaceae）

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100379

Venkatesh Jugal , H.C. Shrishail , P Shivakumar Singh , Kamal Shah , Nagendra Singh Chauhan

Nothopegia Blume nom.cons genus is an Anacardiaceae family, a small dioecious tree and shrub, Four species can be located within the Central Western Ghats in Karnataka. These species are difficult to differentiate based solely on morphological traits because of their almost identical characteristics and endemic position in the area. Using a variety of techniques, individuals attempt to understand the genus' taxonomic difficulty. The current research used DNA information to explain the genus systematic evolutionary phylogeny. Also, we have to use certain primers for molecular phylogeny characterization, Four Nothopegia species sequence result, twenty one ingroup taxa and two outgroup species query sequences were retrieved from NCBI. For molecular studies purposes Freshly obtained leaf samples were used to isolate whole genomic DNA by the CTAB method, This DNA was then amplified and sequenced using several primer combinations like sequences of ITS, rbcL and trnLF, to compare the phylogenetic results the sequence of each taxon was first Aligned by Mega version11.0.10 and create consensus sequences by using Sequencher v5.2 software. The aligned sequences will undergo BLAST analysis at the NCBI. Subsequently, the consensus sequences will be submitted to the NCBI. Maximum parsimony analysis was carried out by PAUP v 4.0a169. The combining sequence of ITS, rbcL, and trnLF primers, Analysis of Maximum likelihood in raxmlGUI version 2.0, and Bayesian analysis was drawn using MrBayes v3.2.7a software, edited sequenced It was found that When building a tree of phylogeny, the data proved quite beneficial. A clear phylogeny of the genus may be constructed by adding different species from different regions.

nothoopegia Blume nomo .cons属是一种小的雌雄异株乔木和灌木，分布在卡纳塔克邦的中西部高止山脉。由于这些物种几乎相同的特征和在该地区的特有位置，因此很难仅根据形态特征进行区分。使用各种技术，个体试图理解属的分类困难。目前的研究利用DNA信息来解释属的系统进化系统。在NCBI中检索到4个nothoopegia物种序列结果、21个群内分类群和2个群外物种查询序列。在分子研究方面，利用新鲜获得的叶片样品，用CTAB法分离出全基因组DNA，然后用ITS、rbcL和trnLF等引物组合进行扩增和测序，比较各分类单元的系统发育结果，首先用Mega version11.0.10进行序列比对，然后用Sequencher v5.2软件建立一致序列。比对后的序列将在NCBI进行BLAST分析。随后，将一致序列提交给NCBI。最大简约性分析采用PAUP v 4.0a169进行。利用MrBayes v3.2.7a软件绘制ITS、rbcL和trnLF引物的组合序列，在raxmlGUI version 2.0中进行最大似然分析，并进行贝叶斯分析，编辑测序后发现，在构建系统发育树时，数据是非常有益的。通过添加来自不同地区的不同物种，可以构建出该属的清晰系统发育。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic variability on quantitative traits of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) in the Guinea and Sahel Savanna ecologies of Nigeria 几内亚和尼日利亚萨赫勒草原生态系统番茄数量性状的遗传变异

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100377

Tavershima Moses Anakaa , Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi , Segun Gbolagade Jonathan

Limited information on tomato variability and adaptability necessitates evaluation across ecological zones in Nigeria. This study assessed 30 tomato accessions in the Guinea and Sahel ecologies, using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Growth, flowering, and yield data were based on IPGRI descriptors and analyzed with ANOVA and DMRT. In the Guinea Savanna, growth traits had higher variances than the Sahel, including plant height [1346.59 vs. 880.31], number of leaves [2705.79 vs. 200.80], and stem length [216.07 vs. 114.03]. In the Sahel, sepal (0.26; P < 0.001) and petal (0.19; P < 0.001) lengths exhibited greater variability, whereas in the Guinea Savanna, inflorescence number (127.84; P < 0.001) and flower production (8391.86; P < 0.001) had higher variability. Yield traits in the Guinea Savanna had higher variability, with number of fruits [2037.16], fruit weight [9259.25], and number of locules [6.10] all at P˂0.001, compared to the Sahel where only number of fruits [1.44], fruit wall thickness [0.12], and seeds [161.05] were significant. Guinea accession NHT0366 outperformed Sahel accession NHT0199c in growth (46.76 ± 6.47 cm vs. 24.50 ± 3.20 cm for height) and leaves [59.64 ± 9.06 vs. 11.61 ± 0.99]. Flowering was superior in Guinea, with NHT0213 producing the highest inflorescences [28.75 ± 3.45] and flowers [248.75 ± 28.44]. In yield, NHT0213 had most fruits [122.00 ± 25.18], while NGB00757 had desirable traits including largest diameter [16.53 ± 0.36 cm]. In contrast, NHT0199c yielded fewer fruits [2.50 ± 0.65] and smaller diameter [2.25 ± 0.21 cm] in Sahel. The Guinea Savanna is better suited for tomato cultivation than the Sahel, with NGB00757 recommended for superior yield in Guinea, and NHT0199c for adaptability in the Sahel.

关于番茄变异和适应性的有限信息需要在尼日利亚跨生态区进行评估。本研究采用4个重复的随机完全区组设计，对几内亚和萨赫勒生态系统的30个番茄品种进行了评估。生长、开花和产量数据基于IPGRI描述符，并使用方差分析和DMRT进行分析。几内亚热带稀树草原的生长性状变异率高于萨赫勒地区，包括株高[1346.59 vs. 880.31]、叶片数[2705.79 vs. 200.80]和茎长[216.07 vs. 114.03]。在萨赫勒，萼片（0.26）；P & lt;0.001)和花瓣(0.19；P & lt;0.001)长度表现出更大的变异性，而在几内亚稀树草原，花序数(127.84；P & lt;0.001)和花卉生产(8391.86；P & lt;0.001)具有更高的变异性。几内亚热带稀树草原的产量性状具有更高的变异性，果实数[2037.16]、果实重[9259.25]和果室数[6.10]的变异性均为P小于0.001，而萨赫勒地区只有果实数[1.44]、果实壁厚[0.12]和种子[161.05]的变异性显著。几内亚菌株NHT0366的生长（46.76±6.47 cm比24.50±3.20 cm）和叶片（59.64±9.06比11.61±0.99）均优于萨赫勒菌株NHT0199c。几内亚的开花情况较好，NHT0213的花序数和花数分别为28.75±3.45和248.75±28.44。在产量方面，NHT0213果实最多[122.00±25.18]，而NGB00757果实直径最大[16.53±0.36 cm]。相比之下，NHT0199c在萨赫勒地区的果实产量较少[2.50±0.65]，直径较小[2.25±0.21 cm]。几内亚热带稀树草原比萨赫勒地区更适合种植番茄，推荐使用NGB00757在几内亚高产，推荐使用NHT0199c在萨赫勒地区适应性强。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological and genomic perspectives on fungal plastic biodegradation: Research progress, opportunities and challenges 真菌塑料生物降解的生态学和基因组学观点：研究进展、机遇和挑战

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100378

Aubrey Dickson Chigwada, Memory Tekere, Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola

Plastic pollution has emerged as a pervasive global threat to ecosystems, with rising production and ineffective waste management accelerating environmental accumulation. As sustainable bioremediation strategies become increasingly vital, fungi have gained attention for their capacity to degrade recalcitrant plastics in natural and anthropogenically impacted environments. Fungal taxa isolated from diverse ecological niches, such as landfills, marine sediments, insect guts, mulch films, and herbivore dung, have can colonize plastic surfaces, form biofilms, and enzymatically depolymerize synthetic polymers. Key enzymes include hydrolases (cutinases, esterases, and lipases) and oxidoreductases (laccases, peroxidases, and peroxygenases). These enzymes cleave plastic polymers into smaller units (monomers), which are further mineralized into CO₂ and CH₄. Recent advances in ecological genomics and systems biology have revealed the genetic architectures, regulatory pathways, and enzyme diversity underpinning fungal plastic degradation. Omics-driven investigations, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics, have identified lineage-specific adaptations and functional genes involved in plastic catabolism. Despite this progress, fungal degradation still faces constraints. These include slow enzyme kinetics, incomplete metabolic conversion, and challenges in scaling up bioprocesses. This review integrates ecological and genomic insights into fungal plastic biodegradation, highlighting species diversity, enzymatic mechanisms, and functional pathways. It also identifies research gaps, such as the need for optimization, engineered microbial consortia, and pilot-scale and real-world environmental applications of fungal plastic degradation systems. Finally, the review discusses emerging innovations, including gene editing, enzyme stabilization, and scalable fungal bioreactors, as promising directions for translating fungal plastic degradation into real-world environmental solutions.

塑料污染已成为全球生态系统普遍面临的威胁，不断增长的产量和无效的废物管理加速了环境积累。随着可持续的生物修复策略变得越来越重要，真菌因其在自然和人为影响环境中降解难降解塑料的能力而受到关注。从不同的生态位中分离出来的真菌分类群，如垃圾填埋场、海洋沉积物、昆虫肠道、地膜和食草动物粪便，可以在塑料表面定植，形成生物膜，并通过酶解聚合合成聚合物。关键酶包括水解酶（角质酶、酯酶和脂肪酶）和氧化还原酶（漆酶、过氧化物酶和过氧酶）。这些酶将塑料聚合物分解成更小的单元（单体），这些单体进一步矿化成二氧化碳和甲烷。生态基因组学和系统生物学的最新进展揭示了真菌塑料降解的遗传结构、调控途径和酶多样性。基因组学驱动的研究，如宏基因组学、转录组学和比较基因组学，已经确定了与塑料分解代谢有关的谱系特异性适应和功能基因。尽管取得了这些进展，但真菌降解仍然面临限制。这些包括缓慢的酶动力学，不完全的代谢转化，以及扩大生物过程的挑战。本文综述了真菌塑料生物降解的生态学和基因组学见解，突出了物种多样性，酶机制和功能途径。它还确定了研究空白，例如对优化的需求，工程微生物联盟，真菌塑料降解系统的中试规模和实际环境应用。最后，综述讨论了新兴的创新，包括基因编辑，酶稳定和可扩展的真菌生物反应器，作为将真菌塑料降解转化为现实环境解决方案的有希望的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling genetic diversity in Arctium lappa L. populations from the north-west Himalaya using RAPD and ISSR marker techniques 利用RAPD和ISSR标记技术揭示西北喜马拉雅牛蒡群体的遗传多样性

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100376

Nusrat Fayaz Bhat , Vikas Sharma , Raghbir Chand Gupta

Arctium lappa, commonly known as Burdock or Jangli Kuth, is a medicinally significant plant species. It is traditionally used in herbal medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. In the present study, genetic variation and population structure among diverse populations of A. lappa, collected from a wide range of ecological zones across the Northwest Himalaya-, were evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). A total of 28 primers (11 RAPD and 17 ISSR) were employed, yielding 230 distinct, clear, and reproducible polymorphic bands 104 from RAPD and 126 from ISSR markers indicating substantial genetic variation across the populations. The combined marker data revealed a high average percentage of polymorphism (96.94%), suggesting broad genetic heterogeneity. Additionally, the average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Marker Index (MI) values were 0.31 and 2.63, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA grouped all accessions into three major clusters, each predominantly representing different geographic regions with respect to altitudinal ranges of Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis showed the presence of two genetically distinct populations, with considerable levels of admixture, indicating ongoing gene flow and genetic exchange among geographically separated populations. These findings underscore the extensive genetic variability within A. lappa and provide a valuable genetic baseline for the identification of elite germplasm. Such information is pivotal for the formulation of region-specific conservation strategies, efficient breeding programs, and the sustainable exploitation of this underutilized yet valuable medicinal species.

牛蒡，俗称牛蒡或牛蒡，是一种重要的药用植物。由于其抗炎、抗氧化和保护肝脏的特性，传统上它被用于草药中。采用RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA）和ISSR （Inter Simple Sequence Repeat）技术，对喜玛拉雅西北缘不同种群间的遗传变异和种群结构进行了分析。共使用28条引物（11条RAPD标记和17条ISSR标记），得到230条明显、清晰、可复制的多态性条带，其中104条来自RAPD标记，126条来自ISSR标记，表明群体间存在显著的遗传变异。组合标记数据显示较高的平均多态性百分比（96.94%），表明存在广泛的遗传异质性。多态性信息含量（PIC）和标记指数（MI）的平均值分别为0.31和2.63。基于Jaccard相似系数和UPGMA的聚类分析将所有资料分为3个主要聚类，每个聚类主要代表查谟和安邦不同的地理区域。克什米尔和北阿坎德邦。贝叶斯结构分析表明，存在两个遗传上截然不同的群体，具有相当程度的混合，表明地理上分离的群体之间正在进行基因流动和遗传交换。这些发现强调了羊腹草广泛的遗传变异，为鉴定优质种质提供了有价值的遗传基线。这些信息对于制定特定区域的保护策略，有效的育种计划以及可持续开发这一未被充分利用但有价值的药用物种至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Multivariate analyses, heritability, and genotype environment interaction of dekoko (pisum sativum Var. abyssinicum) germplasms in tigray, northern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚北部tigray地区dekoko （pisum sativum Var. abyssinicum）种质资源的多变量分析、遗传力和基因型环境互作

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100374

Gebru Equar Gebremichael , Yemane Tsehaye Baryatsion , Fetien Abay Abera , Yemane G.Egziabher , Desta Berhe Sbhatu , Genet Atsbeha

Dekoko (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) is native to Ethiopia and is known for its high nutritional value and unique flavor. Investigating the genetic variability, heritability, and genotype-environment interaction of Dekoko is essential for understanding its potential for crop improvement and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Field-based phenotyping of 17 agro-morphological traits was used to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genotype-environment interaction in 120 Dekoko germplasms. The experiment was laid at alpha lattice design with two replications, at Habes, Atsela, Bolonta, and H. burda experimental sites in two growing seasons. As a result, substantial genetic variation in phenological, vegetative, and yield-related traits was observed in the studied germplasms. High heritability was observed for days to 50 % emergence (86.69 %), seed length (85.70 %), seed width (76.67 %), and days to 50 % maturity (65.40 %). AMMI biplot models analysis revealed that the environment was the dominant factor (98.01 %), followed by genotypes (1.60 %) and genotype environment interaction (0.39). Genotypes G65, G46, and G73 exhibited stability, while G23, G33, G27, G62, G58, and G49 demonstrated adaptability across diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, GGE analysisbased on yield performance identified environmental classification and categorized Atsela_2019 Bolonta_2019, Atsela_2020 and H. Burda_2020 as favorable environments for majority of the genotypes. The results indicate that certain genotypes maintain consistent performance across different locations, emphasizing the need to select appropriate varieties based on environmental conditions to optimize grain yield potential. These findings contribute to breeding programs focused on improving yield stability and adaptability in P. sativum var. abyssinicum.

Dekoko （Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum）原产于埃塞俄比亚，以其高营养价值和独特风味而闻名。研究Dekoko的遗传变异性、遗传力和基因型-环境相互作用对于了解其作物改良和适应不断变化的环境条件的潜力至关重要。采用17个农业形态性状的田间分型方法，对120份德科科种质资源的遗传变异程度、遗传力和基因型-环境互作进行了评价。实验采用α晶格设计，在两个生长季节分别在Habes、Atsela、Bolonta和H. burda试验点进行两次重复。结果，在研究的种质中观察到物候、营养和产量相关性状的大量遗传变异。出苗期至50%（86.69%）、种子长度（85.70%）、种子宽度（76.67%）和成熟期至50%（65.40%）的遗传率较高。AMMI双图模型分析结果显示，环境因子为显性因子（98.01%），其次为基因型因子（1.60%）和基因型-环境互作因子（0.39%）。基因型G65、G46和G73表现出稳定性，而基因型G23、G33、G27、G62、G58和G49表现出对不同环境条件的适应性。此外，基于产量表现的GGE分析确定了环境分类，并将Atsela_2019 Bolonta_2019、Atsela_2020和H. Burda_2020归类为大多数基因型的有利环境。结果表明，某些基因型在不同地区保持一致的表现，强调需要根据环境条件选择合适的品种，以优化粮食产量潜力。这些发现有助于提高阿比西尼亚葡萄的产量稳定性和适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Butternut pumpkin-powdery mildew disease interaction as influenced by sowing type and date 播型和播期对冬南瓜白粉病互作的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100375

Hilma Sabet , Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh , Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani

Butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an economically important vegetable and summer crop. The seeds have high nutritional value due to their edible oil and protein content with a high medicinal value. Butternut pumpkin is attacked by several fungal diseases one of which is powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii. In this study, we analyzed the effect of sowing type and date on 14 local butternut pumpkin genotypes for resistance against powdery mildew. The two different sowing types were greenhouse vs. open field and the two sowing dates were first week of May vs. 3rd week of May 2021–22. The results showed that powdery mildew severity percentage (PMSP) was 42 % in the field #1 sown in the first week of May compared to the field #2 with 48 % severity sown two weeks later than the field #1 indicating 6 % increase in PMSP significantly. On the other hand, PMSP severity in the greenhouse was 55.2 % which was 8–13 % greater than those occurring in the field. There was also a wide variation in disease severity among the genotypes. The highest PMSP was recorded in” Orumiyeh1” (84.8 %) followed by “Maragheh3” (82 %), and the lowest ones were in “Maragheh1” (9.4 %) and “Shahreza” (6.1 %) genotypes. In conclusion, we found that the ideal conditions for cultivating butternut pumpkin with the least PMSP include sowing during the first week of May in field #1 and the use of resistant cultivars such as “Maragheh1” and “Shahreza” as a part of an integrated pest management program.

冬南瓜（Cucurbita pepo L.）是一种重要的经济蔬菜和夏季作物。由于其食用油和蛋白质含量高，具有很高的药用价值，具有很高的营养价值。冬南瓜受到几种真菌病害的侵袭，其中一种病害是由黄足霉引起的白粉病。本研究分析了播型和播期对14个地方冬南瓜基因型抗白粉病的影响。两种播种类型分别为温室和露天，播种日期分别为2021 - 2022年5月第一周和5月第3周。结果表明，5月第一周播种的1号田比2号田的白粉病严重程度百分比（PMSP）为42%，比1号田晚两周播种的白粉病严重程度百分比为48%，表明PMSP显著增加了6%。温室PMSP严重程度为55.2%，比田间高8 ~ 13个百分点。基因型之间的疾病严重程度也有很大差异。PMSP最高的是“Orumiyeh1”（84.8%），其次是“Maragheh3”（82%），最低的是“Maragheh1”（9.4%）和“Shahreza”（6.1%）。综上所述，我们发现栽培PMSP最低的冬南瓜的理想条件是在5月的第一周播种在1号田，并使用抗病品种如“Maragheh1”和“Shahreza”作为害虫综合治理计划的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

De novo plastome assembly of Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie, an endemic lemon grass from Bhutan, with geospatial, comparative genomic, and phylogenetic insights 不丹特有柠檬草Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie的重新质体组装，具有地理空间，比较基因组学和系统发育见解

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100372

Mohan Singh Rana , Nicolas Dierckxsens , Pritesh Bhatt , Bimal K. Chetri

Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie, an endemic Bhutanese Poaceae, is valued for its essential oils. While morphological taxonomy offers preliminary insights, molecular data enhances species delimitation. We performed de novo chloroplast genome assembly and used remote sensing to assess environmental influences on its distribution. Geospatial analysis of C. bhutanicus habitat (27.25952°N, 91.40823°E) within a 2km buffer zone utilized Sentinel-2 imagery (2018-2023). Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values were 0.5974, 0.3356, and 0.3300, respectively. These values indicate robust vegetation health, while observed variations (e.g., NDVI standard deviation of 0.1780) highlight localized microhabitat heterogeneity influenced by topography and moisture gradients. Field observations aligned, confirming its preference for open, well-drained, sun-exposed slopes with minimal canopy. The assembled chloroplast genome (139,701 bp; 38.46 % GC) comprises an 81,663 bp LSC, 12,510 bp SSC, and two 22,764 bp IR regions. Annotation identified 129 genes (87 protein-coding, 34 tRNA, eight rRNA). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a strong relationship with C. citratus and C. flexuosus (100 % bootstrap). This study enhances C. bhutanicus molecular identification, phylogeny, and ecological understanding, aiding conservation and sustainable use. This study enhances molecular identification, phylogenetic placement, and ecological understanding of C. bhutanicus, contributing to conservation efforts and sustainable utilization.

Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie是一种不丹特有的禾科植物，因其精油而受到重视。虽然形态分类学提供了初步的见解，但分子数据增强了物种划分。我们进行了从头叶绿体基因组组装，并利用遥感技术评估了环境对其分布的影响。2018-2023年利用Sentinel-2遥感影像对2km缓冲带内（27.25952°N, 91.40823°E）不丹冷杉生境进行地理空间分析。归一化植被指数（NDVI）均值为0.5974，增强植被指数（EVI）均值为0.3356，土壤调整植被指数（SAVI）均值为0.3300。这些值表明植被健康状况良好，而观测到的变化（如NDVI标准差为0.1780）突出了受地形和湿度梯度影响的局部微生境异质性。实地观察结果一致，证实了它对开放、排水良好、阳光照射的斜坡的偏好，并且树冠最小。组装好的叶绿体基因组(139,701 bp；38.46% GC)包括81,663 bp的LSC， 12,510 bp的SSC和两个22,764 bp的IR区域。注释鉴定出129个基因（87个蛋白编码，34个tRNA， 8个rRNA）。系统发育分析证实了该菌株与柑橘和弯曲柑橘的亲缘关系（100% bootstrap）。本研究提高了对不丹冬青的分子鉴定、系统发育和生态学的认识，有助于不丹冬青的保护和可持续利用。本研究将有助于不丹冬青的分子鉴定、系统发育定位和生态学认识，为不丹冬青的保护和可持续利用做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Graphic analysis of genetic variation in morphological traits of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) 园菜（Lepidium sativum L.）形态性状遗传变异的图解分析

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100368

Mehdi Mohebodini , Vahid Rahimi , Naser Sabaghnia , Mohsen Janmohammadi

This study aimed to evaluate a range of morphological traits in 64 garden cress accessions, across Ardabil and Eyvanki, Iran. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications. To facilitate the interpretation of the data, graphical analysis was performed using the genotype-by-trait (G × T) biplot model, which explained 73 % and 76 % of the variance in Ardabil and Eyvanki, respectively. The model employed symmetrical scaling of the first two components for both genotypes and traits. The analysis revealed a positive association between seed yield and the number of seeds in the main stem pods at both locations. Additionally, strong positive correlations were observed among key yield components, including lateral branches, total pods per plant, and seeds in the lateral branch pods. Genotypic performance varied across the two environments: in Ardabil, genotype 49 (LEP-108), followed by genotype 47 (LEP-106), exhibited superior performance for most traits. In Eyvanki, genotype 10, followed by genotypes 43 (LEP-76), 48 (LEP-107), and 62 (Tabriz), performed the best across nearly all measured traits. For increasing seed yield, genotype 10 (LEP-22 from Germany) and genotype 49 (LEP-108 from Armenia) were identified as the most promising candidates, so they will enter in multi environmental trails for exploring specific positive genotype by environment interaction and probably cultivar release process. Genotype 52 showed high biomass and moderate seed yield in both locations and may be a suitable candidate for cultivar release. However, all of the studied genotypes will conserve for using in next breeding programs aiming various targets.

本研究旨在评价伊朗Ardabil和Eyvanki地区64份园衣材料的一系列形态性状。试验采用随机区组设计，设3个重复。为了便于对数据进行解释，使用基因型-性状（G × T）双图模型进行了图形分析，该模型分别解释了Ardabil和Eyvanki中73%和76%的方差。该模型对基因型和性状均采用前两个分量的对称缩放。结果表明，两个地点的种子产量与主茎荚内的种子数呈正相关。此外，侧枝、单株总荚果数和侧枝荚果数等关键产量成分之间存在显著正相关。基因型表现在两种环境中存在差异：在Ardabil中，基因型49 （LEP-108）和基因型47 （LEP-106）在大多数性状上表现优异。在Eyvanki品种中，基因型10、基因型43 （LEP-76）、基因型48 （LEP-107）和基因型62 （Tabriz）在几乎所有测定性状中表现最好。为了提高种子产量，基因型10（来自德国的LEP-22）和基因型49（来自亚美尼亚的LEP-108）被认为是最有希望的候选品种，因此它们将通过环境相互作用和可能的品种释放过程进入多环境试验，以探索特定的阳性基因型。基因型52在两个地点均表现出较高的生物量和中等的种子产量，可能是品种释放的合适候选者。然而，所有研究的基因型将被保存下来，用于针对不同目标的下一个育种计划。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of genetic variability in neem (Azadirachta indica) germplasm for azadirachtin yield across peninsular and central India 印楝（印楝）种质对印楝素产量的遗传变异评价

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100371

K. Rajarajan, Shreishtha Singh, A. Arunachalam, A.K. Handa

Azadirachtin, produced from neem, is a broad-spectrum, eco-friendly biopesticide properties. Enhancing neem genotypes for higher azadirachtin content can significantly improve the sustainability and efficiency of biopesticide production. This study evaluated 90 neem germplasms for seed morphological and biochemical traits to assess genetic variability and identify superior genotypes for azadirachtin improvement. A randomized block design (RBD) was employed for plantation. Traits such as seed length, seed breadth, seed kernel ratio, oil content, and azadirachtin concentration were measured. Substantial variation was observed across traits, indicating a broad genetic base. Seed length (10.17–17.10 mm), seed width (5.14–7.50 mm), and 100-seed weight (8.89–20.43 g) showed wide ranges. Seed kernel ratio ranged from 1.50 to 4.50, oil content from 11 % to 48 %, and azadirachtin concentration (AZC) from 148.85 to 2850.14 mg/kg, highlighting significant variability. The south-eastern (SE) population exhibited superior seed traits and AZC compared to others. Correlation analysis showed moderate positive associations between seed traits (length, width, and weight) and AZC, suggesting potential for indirect selection. Path analysis confirmed the direct contribution of seed width and weight to AZC. High heritability and genetic advance in AZC and oil content indicate additive gene action and suitability for selection. Principal component analysis identified seed length, width, and weight as primary contributors to variation (56.94 %). Five elite accessions (VKAF-75, VKAF-59, VKAF-58, VKAF-53, and VKAF-139) with high azadirachtin yield were identified, suitable for breeding. The findings offers the importance of seed traits and the potential of SE germplasms as donor parents for future breeding programs.

印楝素是从印度楝树中提取的，是一种广谱、环保的生物农药。通过改良印楝基因型，提高印楝素含量，可显著提高生物农药生产的可持续性和效率。本研究对90份印楝种子形态和生化性状进行了评价，以评估遗传变异，并鉴定出改良印楝素的优良基因型。人工林采用随机区组设计（RBD）。测定了种子长度、种子宽度、籽粒比、含油量、印楝素浓度等性状。在性状上观察到大量的变异，表明有广泛的遗传基础。种子长（10.17 ~ 17.10 mm）、种子宽（5.14 ~ 7.50 mm）、百粒重（8.89 ~ 20.43 g）变化幅度较大。籽粒比为1.50 ~ 4.50，含油量为11% ~ 48%，印楝素浓度（AZC）为148.85 ~ 2850.14 mg/kg，差异显著。东南居群的种子性状和AZC均优于其他居群。相关分析表明，种子性状（长、宽、重）与AZC呈中等正相关，表明存在间接选择的可能。通径分析证实了种子宽和种子重对AZC的直接贡献。AZC和含油量的高遗传率和遗传先进性表明加性基因的作用和选择的适宜性。主成分分析发现种子长度、宽度和重量是变异的主要影响因子（56.94%）。鉴定出5个优良的印楝素高产材料（VKAF-75、VKAF-59、VKAF-58、VKAF-53和VKAF-139），适合育种。这一发现提供了种子性状的重要性和SE种质作为供体亲本在未来育种计划中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

From wild to domesticated: exploring selection signatures caused by domestication in Carica papaya 从野生到驯化：探索番木瓜驯化引起的选择特征

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Ecological Genetics and Genomics

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2025.100367

Mónica I. Jiménez-Rojas , Pedro J. Ruiz-Gil , Mauricio Heredia-Pech , Mariana Chávez-Pesqueira

During plant domestication, artificial selection acts on traits to meet human needs, interacting with other evolutionary forces and shaping genetic diversity across the genome. However, its impact on perennial fruit crops like Carica papaya remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated genomic regions under selection during papaya domestication using 2710 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 350 accessions—229 wild and 121 domesticated. Genetic structure was assessed through hierarchical clustering and three statistical methods (FST-based Fdist2, BayeScan, and XP-CLR) were applied to detect selection signatures. The results revealed two clearly differentiated genetic groups corresponding to wild and domesticated papaya. Eighteen loci showed strong evidence of selection, with six containing annotated genes linked to traits influenced by domestication. These genes were primarily associated with fruit traits, plant development, and fruit development. The findings align with expected patterns of selection under domestication, where traits beneficial for cultivation and yield are preferentially retained. This study not only advances the understanding of how domestication shapes the papaya genome but also identifies candidate genes that can serve as valuable targets for breeding programs. Moreover, the genetic differentiation observed reinforces the importance of conserving wild papaya populations as reservoirs of genetic diversity for future crop improvement.

在植物驯化过程中，人工选择作用于性状以满足人类的需要，与其他进化力量相互作用并形成整个基因组的遗传多样性。然而，它对番木瓜等多年生水果作物的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们利用350个品种（229个野生品种和121个驯化品种）的2710个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）研究了番木瓜驯化过程中选择的基因组区域。通过分层聚类评估遗传结构，并采用三种统计方法（基于fst的Fdist2、BayeScan和XP-CLR）检测选择特征。结果表明，野生木瓜和驯化木瓜有明显的遗传群差异。18个位点显示出强烈的选择证据，其中6个位点包含与驯化影响的性状相关的注释基因。这些基因主要与果实性状、植物发育和果实发育有关。这一发现与驯化下的预期选择模式相一致，即有利于栽培和产量的性状被优先保留。这项研究不仅促进了对驯化如何塑造木瓜基因组的理解，而且还确定了可以作为育种计划有价值目标的候选基因。此外，观察到的遗传分化强化了保护野生木瓜群体作为遗传多样性储存库对未来作物改良的重要性。

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引用次数: 0