Ecological Genetics and Genomics最新文献

Basil leaves are used to make a tea that promises to assist with vomiting, rheumatic pain, and loose motions. It includes a high concentration of antioxidants, which may increase longevity and health. The current study aims to assess the consistency, stability, and recommendations for producing essential oils from commercial genotypes and cultivars. To investigate genotype stability, field experiments were conducted in a semi-arid tropical climate in an RBD and replicated three times over three years in 2017, 2018, and 2019, at the CIMAP, RC, Hyderabad, south India. Each of the thirteen economic variables exhibited substantial diversity. In a three-year experiment, the stability of 20 basil genotypes was studied. There have been very few studies on the genotype and environmental interactions, stability, and diversity of basil. Nonetheless, no simultaneous assessments, stability, or reliability analyses have been performed in a multi-environment essential oil yield study on basil. According to the AMMI model, genotypes OC-6 and 8 for oil yield and OC-6 and 10 for linalool (%) were the most adaptable and stable varieties because they could withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. This leads to the conclusion that the most stable genotypes for linalool content (%) and essential oil production are OC-6, OC-8, and OC-10, all of which provide excellent yields. As a result, it is suggested that these genotypes and cultivars be commercialized.

Electrolyzed water is expected to have a sterilizing effect on bacteria and viruses, which makes it useful for hygiene management, such as cleaning dishes or medical equipment. Electrolyzed water treatment may affect the cellular structure of microbes, leading to DNA leakage or degradation. Here, we conducted a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of bacterial diversity in washing solution to elucidate the impact of cleaning food surfaces with electrolyzed water. Modified primers were used to evaluate the differences between the existing primers used to obtain NGS sequences and through statistical analysis. The NGS reads obtained using the modified primers tended to reveal more Enterobacteriaceae sequences, and fewer mitochondrial sequences than did those obtained with conventional primers. An UniFrac distance analysis and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the results obtained with the modified primer set made the differences between samples more distinct. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the template DNA obtained from an electrolyzed water or sodium hypochlorite solution wash revealed that some of the DNA could not be amplified using PCR of the 16S rRNA genes suggesting that the DNA fragmentation had occurred due to the electrolyzed water treatment. Our results revealed that the bacterial species removed from the food surfaces varied depending on the washing treatment. Electrolyzed water treatment may be advantageous for removing Enterobacteriaceae from leafy vegetables.

Chile has been used as a spice because of its flavor and zest, which complement the minerals, vitamins, and other elements it contains when cooked. The objective of the current study was to determine how P. fluorescens and S. marcescens promote plant growth in Chili plants. The PGPR's phosphate solubilizing, IAA, NH3, HCN production, and antifungal activities were ascertained using in vitro experiments. During the study period 2020–2022, the experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design, with three replications of the three treatments for each microorganism, as follows: 1) P. fluorescens: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (P. fluorescens in rice husk), and T2 (P. fluorescens in sawdust); 2) S. marcescens: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (S. marcescens in rice husk), and T2 (S. marcescens in sawdust) with no fertilizer. After seeding, the chili plant's parameters were measured at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days and compared to the control using four traits: plant height, root length, shoot length, and the number of leaves per plant. The following bio-formulation, employing T0, enhanced plant height growth after seeding: In rice husk, Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T2) = 21.20 for S. marcescens > Days 75 (B1 × D5 × T2) = 20.83 for P. fluorescens > Days 60 (B1 × D4 × T2) = 19.17 for P. fluorescens Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) for S. marcescens in control, days 60 (B1 × D4 × T1 (16.43 cm) for P. fluorescens in sawdust, and days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) for P. fluorescens in control. The root length (cm) for P. fluorescens in sawdust is 7.23 days (B1 × D5 × T2), which is more than P. marcescens in sawdust (days 60 B1 × D4 × T2), P. fluorescens in control (days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), and S. marcescens in control (days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), etc. Rice husk and sawdust were used to create the bio-formulations. The maximum plant growth was achieved at 75 days when S. marcescens was grown in a sawdust medium, including sawdust as a carbon source and carboxymethyl cellulose as a carrier source. When the different compositions of the bio-formulation were tested on chili plants, it was found that P. fluorescens and S. marcescens in sawdust bio-formulation were more effective.

Reproductive traits of sheep are under the control of both the environment and genetics. Moreover, most of these traits have low heritability, are sex-limited, and expressed later in the animal’s life, which makes it difficult to quantify in young animals and to apply direct selection to the traits. This calls for the need to identify and include the genetic bases of fertility traits in selection decisions to enhance the performance of fertility traits in sheep breeding programs. Therefore, several polymorphisms in many genes associated with fertility traits have been reported in several sheep breeds worldwide. The bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B), and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are the major fecundity genes investigated in several sheep breeds studied. Polymorphisms on these genes have shown significant associations with fertility traits such as ovulation rate and litter size and have been used in selection programs. However, research findings focusing on candidate genes affecting fertility traits in indigenous sheep breeds from developing countries are lacking. This review has shown that the genes and the polymorphisms on the genes are variable between and within breeds of the sheep explored thus far, which calls for further efforts to examine sheep breeds in developing countries.

The relationship between genotype and season significantly hinders the development of stable genotype selection and improved genotypes for senna breeding programs. This study aimed to assess stable, high-yielding senna genotypes under South Indian conditions. Twenty-five different senna genotypes were tested for yield stability using a randomized, completely-block design. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to investigate the relationships between genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment. Based on the findings, the three genotypes—GEN 1, GEN 9, and GEN 18—might be recommended for large-scale production. Stable and high-yielding genotypes should be the main genetic resources used in senna-based cropping season breeding programs.

In Ethiopia, basil is the most widely used aromatic and medicinal herb. Despite being widely available across the nation and utilized for a variety of purposes for centuries, little is known about the degree of genetic variability in sweet basil. Thus, 62 basil accessions that were collected from various locations in Ethiopia were examined for genetic diversity and population structure, and genome-wide SNPs were created using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The observed and expected heterozygosis are (0.01–0.02) and (0.13–0.33), respectively. The gene diversity index (GD) ranged from 0.13 to 0.29, with an overall mean of 0.13. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.23 to 0.37, with an average of 0.37. The Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.01 to 0.41, with an average of 0.12. A total variation of 90 % and 1 % within and among populations, respectively, was revealed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Furthermore, genetic variation showed a coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.01 and a gene flow value of 2.013 among populations. The 62 basil accessions were divided into two genetic groups according to STRUCTURE analysis, unweighted pair group method (UPGMA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). This research confirmed the diversity and population structure of the Ethiopian basil. Therefore, the variation pattern in their genetic diversity can serve as a basis for the selection, breeding, and maintenance of basil in Ethiopia.

The long-term selection based on phenotypes causes loss of variation in performance traits and slows down the genetic progress per generation in the population; genomic selection could restore the variability along with faster genetic progress. Genomic short tandem repeats (STRs) in a resource population of RIR chicken were explored investigating randomly selected 114 pedigreed chicks. Alleles separated through 3.4% MetaPhor agarose gel electrophoresis at ten STR loci, and data recorded on growth traits were analyzed. Twenty-six alleles were resolved with frequencies of 0.1140–0.7632 and > 38.60% for the most frequent alleles at ten STR loci. The most frequent genotypes appeared with frequency >21.93% at different loci. Polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.2961 (LEI0079) to 0.6716 (LEI0071). Effective number of alleles ranged from 1.5662 (LEI0079) to 3.5836 (LEI0071). Mean F_IS statistics revealed overall 21.78% heterozygosity deficit. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.3630 (LEI0079) to 0.7241 (LEI0071). Chi-square and G-square test showed the population in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium at nine loci. Chick weight was significantly influenced by the factor of sire, and body weight traits by sex and hatch factors of the birds coded with STR-genotypes. ADL0328-BB genotype had the highest chick weight. LEI0068-BC and LEI0071-CC genotypes showed maximum 28-weeks body weight. MCW0010-AA genotype had the potential bearing of the highest body weight records at 16, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age. MCW0058-CC genotype revealed the same at 24 and 28 weeks of age. The study impacts on marker assisted selection program for genetic improvement of growth traits in poultry.

The study investigates the distribution and diversity of the old-world moth genus Theretra from the family Sphingidae in the Indian subcontinent. Through extensive data collection and molecular analysis from the Northernmost Western Ghats (Nashik District), seven species of Theretra were identified: T. alecto, T. castanea, T. clotho, T. gnoma, T. nessus, T. oldenlandiae, and T. sumatrensis.

Molecular clustering identifies genetically similar specimens, which further helps to recognise similar ecological niches and the associated ecological drivers regulating the distribution pattern of similar specimens. A dataset of 196 published records from Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), including outgroup and the sequences generated in the present study for the Indian species of Theretra, were compiled in a dataset ‘THEREIND’. The crucial role of monsoon and elevation in the diversity and distribution of these moths was comprehended using DNA barcoding and sequence clustering on BOLD. The comparisons suggested a strong correlation with either monsoon or elevation or both.

In the purview of the sixth mass extinction and the first true extinction of insects, adequate information on the diversity and the factors affecting it would provide fundamental information to insinuate conservation strategies required for coping with continuous climatic changes.

‘Bhat’ is the soybean variety highly valued in the traditional food and therapeutic system of Uttarakhand state in the Indian Himalayan region. It is available in diverse colors, shapes, and sizes, often linked to their nutritional parameters. The present investigation was conducted to assess the diversity and genetic relatedness in ‘bhat’ genotype indigenous to the Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. 25 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to determine the genetic diversity and varietal identification among the 45 genotypes collected from the different villages of Uttarakhand. Out of the different markers assessed only 13 primers showed amplification with the maximum of 2–4 alleles obtained with each primer with the molecular weight ranging between 80 and 400 kb. The highest band amplification was observed in Satt 257 and Satt 197. The allelic frequencies of amplified primers ranged from 0.5 to 0.833 with a mean value of 0.645 and the mean gene diversity and PIC value was found to be 0.43 and 0.33. Satt 183, Satt 288, and Satt 389 showed the highest polymorphism, while Satt257 and Satt245 exhibited the presence of unique alleles in some samples. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the genotypes into 4 major clusters having visually distinct phenotypes in each group, indicating the mixing of population and loss of authenticity also confirming that phenotypic attributes are not indicative of genetic relatedness among the genotype under study. The results indicate the need for the development of novel ‘bhat’ specific markers for more accurate genetic identification of the nutritionally rich indigenous soybean variety.