Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100248
A. Kumar, A.K. Gupta, R.K. Lal
The bulk of senna plant components are used to make herbal medications to treat infections and other ailments. Except for grading, more than 80% of dried leaves are exported from India. The current study examined the genetic variability, correlations, and character contributions of 25 senna accessions. The amplitude of the GCV was larger than that of the PCV, showing that the selected factors interact genetically. X1 had substantial and positive connections with X4, X5, X6, X8, X11, and X13, while X2 had significant and positive links with X7, X10, X11, X12, X13, and X14. The characteristic X11 made the largest direct contribution to the X14 attribute. In X1 and X13, the indirect effect was greater. Fresh and dry leaf weight had high heritability and medium GA over the mean, respectively, whereas pod weight had high heritability and GA over the mean, at 93.62 and 94.93%. The mean, heritability, and GA over the mean of genotypes Gen 1, 2, 3, 4, and 25 were selected for high yield in the most economically significant traits. As a result, the senna genotypes mentioned above may be effectively exploited.
{"title":"Recent advances in the genetic parameters and prospects of cultivation of the climate-smart herb senna (Senna alexandrina Mill.): A significant industrial medicinal crop","authors":"A. Kumar, A.K. Gupta, R.K. Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bulk of senna plant components are used to make herbal medications to treat infections and other ailments. Except for grading, more than 80% of dried leaves are exported from India. The current study examined the genetic variability, correlations, and character contributions of 25 senna accessions. The amplitude of the GCV was larger than that of the PCV, showing that the selected factors interact genetically. X1 had substantial and positive connections with X4, X5, X6, X8, X11, and X13, while X2 had significant and positive links with X7, X10, X11, X12, X13, and X14. The characteristic X11 made the largest direct contribution to the X14 attribute. In X1 and X13, the indirect effect was greater. Fresh and dry leaf weight had high heritability and medium GA over the mean, respectively, whereas pod weight had high heritability and GA over the mean, at 93.62 and 94.93%. The mean, heritability, and GA over the mean of genotypes Gen 1, 2, 3, 4, and 25 were selected for high yield in the most economically significant traits. As a result, the senna genotypes mentioned above may be effectively exploited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100245
Muhammad Nawaz , Irfanullah Khan , Farman Ullah Dawar , Ibni Amin Khalil , Zahid Hussain , Jan Saad , Syed Majid Rasheed , Khan Rahamdad
Aphid infestations pose a significant threat to wheat production worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. Understanding the variation in wheat genotype response to aphids’ infestation across different sowing dates is crucial for effective insect pest management approaches. In this study, we investigated the relative resistance of various wheat genotypes to aphid infestations under varying sowing dates over multiple growing seasons 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan. The objectives were to assess the impact of sowing date on aphid infestations and to identify wheat genotypes that exhibit consistent resistance to aphids. The results revealed significant variations in aphid infestations across different sowing dates, with early-sown (October) wheat genotypes; Khaista-17 and PR-123 having 5.53 and 5.22 aphids/tiller, respectively, experiencing higher aphid pressure among all sowing dates, while lower aphid infestation 1.91 and 2.30 aphids/tiller observed on PR-125 and PR-127 respectively in late-sown (January). In contrast, Khaista-17 and PR-126 sown in October attained higher yield (4041 and 3639 kg ha−1), while the same genotypes attained 448 and 441 kg ha−1 respectively, that late-sown at January 2019–20. Similarly, these genotypes, Khaista-17 and PR-131 with 4.44 and 4.31 aphids/tiller not only sustained lower aphid populations but also demonstrated minimal yield loss due to aphid damage during 2020–21. This research highlights the importance of considering sowing date as a critical factor in wheat-aphid interactions. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights for pest management strategies aimed at mitigating aphid-related yield losses and improve overall wheat production sustainability.
{"title":"Comparative resistance of wheat genotypes to aphid infestation under varied sowing dates","authors":"Muhammad Nawaz , Irfanullah Khan , Farman Ullah Dawar , Ibni Amin Khalil , Zahid Hussain , Jan Saad , Syed Majid Rasheed , Khan Rahamdad","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aphid infestations pose a significant threat to wheat production worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. Understanding the variation in wheat genotype response to aphids’ infestation across different sowing dates is crucial for effective insect pest management approaches. In this study, we investigated the relative resistance of various wheat genotypes to aphid infestations under varying sowing dates over multiple growing seasons 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan. The objectives were to assess the impact of sowing date on aphid infestations and to identify wheat genotypes that exhibit consistent resistance to aphids. The results revealed significant variations in aphid infestations across different sowing dates, with early-sown (October) wheat genotypes; Khaista-17 and PR-123 having 5.53 and 5.22 aphids/tiller, respectively, experiencing higher aphid pressure among all sowing dates, while lower aphid infestation 1.91 and 2.30 aphids/tiller observed on PR-125 and PR-127 respectively in late-sown (January). In contrast, Khaista-17 and PR-126 sown in October attained higher yield (4041 and 3639 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), while the same genotypes attained 448 and 441 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> respectively, that late-sown at January 2019–20. Similarly, these genotypes, Khaista-17 and PR-131 with 4.44 and 4.31 aphids/tiller not only sustained lower aphid populations but also demonstrated minimal yield loss due to aphid damage during 2020–21. This research highlights the importance of considering sowing date as a critical factor in wheat-aphid interactions. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights for pest management strategies aimed at mitigating aphid-related yield losses and improve overall wheat production sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conservation of animal genetic resources guarantees the continual existence of diversified nature and thereby ensures the achievement of valuable economic, ecological, social, and cultural demands. Animal genetic resources can be conserved in their natural environments (in-situ conservation) and outside their natural habitats (ex-situ conservation) through different techniques such as zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, and in gene banks by collecting and preserving their germplasm. Reproductive technologies and cryopreservation of genetic materials play a pivotal role in preserving genetic diversity, supporting breeding programs, contributing to biodiversity conservation, adapting to changing environments, and fostering advancements in agriculture and animal husbandry. Its importance extends to ensuring food security, resilience in the face of climate change, and economic opportunities for communities. The collection and cryopreservation of genetic materials, including sperm, oocytes, embryos, and other biological materials capable of generating new offspring, have critical importance in supporting in-situ conservation efforts of threatened animals and the rehabilitation of extinct species and breeds. Advancements in reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and nuclear transfer have greatly promoted efficiencies in animal reproduction and serve as a significant tool for domestic and wildlife animal conservation, particularly those threatened with extinction. Cryopreservation of germplasm and the application of reproductive technologies possess great success in breeding improvements and genetic resource conservation strategies, increasing the possibility of population rehabilitation. Good achievements have been observed in reconstituting animal populations in different parts of the world, while successful attempts have also been recorded in recovering extinct animals from cryopreserved genetic materials. In Ethiopia, reproductive technologies, such as cryopreservation and artificial insemination, are limited to the collection and distribution of bovine semen for genetic improvement and/or restocking activity. However, other reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction, and reproductive surgeries, are not yet fully implemented due to various limitations. Initiative efforts are started in semen collection from indigenous cattle breeds, horses, and the endangered Ethiopian wolf for the conservation of the animal species or breed. Therefore, animal conservation strategies should adopt and benefit from advances in animal reproduction and cryopreservation technologies. Furthermore, proper emphasis and attention should be given to the development and use of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies in the conservation of animal genetic resources. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the commonly utilized reproductive technologies
{"title":"The Role of Reproductive Technologies and Cryopreservation of Genetic Materials in the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources","authors":"Aweke Engdawork, Teklewold Belayhun, Tesfalem Aseged","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The conservation of animal genetic resources guarantees the continual existence of diversified nature and thereby ensures the achievement of valuable economic, ecological, social, and cultural demands. Animal genetic resources can be conserved in their natural environments (in-situ conservation) and outside their natural habitats (ex-situ conservation) through different techniques such as zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, and in gene banks by collecting and preserving their germplasm. Reproductive technologies and cryopreservation of genetic materials play a pivotal role in preserving genetic diversity, supporting breeding programs, contributing to biodiversity conservation, adapting to changing environments, and fostering advancements in agriculture and animal husbandry. Its importance extends to ensuring food security, resilience in the face of climate change, and economic opportunities for communities. The collection and cryopreservation of genetic materials, including sperm, oocytes, embryos, and other biological materials capable of generating new offspring, have critical importance in supporting in-situ conservation efforts of threatened animals and the rehabilitation of extinct species and breeds. Advancements in reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and nuclear transfer have greatly promoted efficiencies in animal reproduction and serve as a significant tool for domestic and wildlife animal conservation, particularly those threatened with extinction. Cryopreservation of germplasm and the application of reproductive technologies possess great success in breeding improvements and genetic resource conservation strategies, increasing the possibility of population rehabilitation. Good achievements have been observed in reconstituting animal populations in different parts of the world, while successful attempts have also been recorded in recovering extinct animals from cryopreserved genetic materials. In Ethiopia, reproductive technologies, such as cryopreservation and artificial insemination, are limited to the collection and distribution of bovine semen for genetic improvement and/or restocking activity. However, other reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction, and reproductive surgeries, are not yet fully implemented due to various limitations. Initiative efforts are started in semen collection from indigenous cattle breeds, horses, and the endangered Ethiopian wolf for the conservation of the animal species or breed. Therefore, animal conservation strategies should adopt and benefit from advances in animal reproduction and cryopreservation technologies. Furthermore, proper emphasis and attention should be given to the development and use of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies in the conservation of animal genetic resources. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the commonly utilized reproductive technologies","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basil leaves are used to make a tea that promises to assist with vomiting, rheumatic pain, and loose motions. It includes a high concentration of antioxidants, which may increase longevity and health. The current study aims to assess the consistency, stability, and recommendations for producing essential oils from commercial genotypes and cultivars. To investigate genotype stability, field experiments were conducted in a semi-arid tropical climate in an RBD and replicated three times over three years in 2017, 2018, and 2019, at the CIMAP, RC, Hyderabad, south India. Each of the thirteen economic variables exhibited substantial diversity. In a three-year experiment, the stability of 20 basil genotypes was studied. There have been very few studies on the genotype and environmental interactions, stability, and diversity of basil. Nonetheless, no simultaneous assessments, stability, or reliability analyses have been performed in a multi-environment essential oil yield study on basil. According to the AMMI model, genotypes OC-6 and 8 for oil yield and OC-6 and 10 for linalool (%) were the most adaptable and stable varieties because they could withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. This leads to the conclusion that the most stable genotypes for linalool content (%) and essential oil production are OC-6, OC-8, and OC-10, all of which provide excellent yields. As a result, it is suggested that these genotypes and cultivars be commercialized.
{"title":"Stability pattern and simultaneous selection for the stable essential oil-yielding genotypes of basil","authors":"Ashish Kumar , R.K. Lal , Anil Kumar Gupta , Niranjan Kumar Arigari , C.S. Chanotiya","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Basil leaves are used to make a tea that promises to assist with vomiting, rheumatic pain, and loose motions. It includes a high concentration of antioxidants, which may increase longevity and health. The current study aims to assess the consistency, stability, and recommendations for producing essential oils from commercial genotypes and cultivars. To investigate genotype stability, field experiments were conducted in a semi-arid tropical climate in an RBD and replicated three times over three years in 2017, 2018, and 2019, at the CIMAP, RC, Hyderabad, south India. Each of the thirteen economic variables exhibited substantial diversity. In a three-year experiment, the stability of 20 basil genotypes was studied. There have been very few studies on the genotype and environmental interactions, stability, and diversity of basil. Nonetheless, no simultaneous assessments, stability, or reliability analyses have been performed in a multi-environment essential oil yield study on basil. According to the AMMI model, genotypes OC-6 and 8 for oil yield and OC-6 and 10 for linalool (%) were the most adaptable and stable varieties because they could withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. This leads to the conclusion that the most stable genotypes for linalool content (%) and essential oil production are OC-6, OC-8, and OC-10, all of which provide excellent yields. As a result, it is suggested that these genotypes and cultivars be commercialized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrolyzed water is expected to have a sterilizing effect on bacteria and viruses, which makes it useful for hygiene management, such as cleaning dishes or medical equipment. Electrolyzed water treatment may affect the cellular structure of microbes, leading to DNA leakage or degradation. Here, we conducted a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of bacterial diversity in washing solution to elucidate the impact of cleaning food surfaces with electrolyzed water. Modified primers were used to evaluate the differences between the existing primers used to obtain NGS sequences and through statistical analysis. The NGS reads obtained using the modified primers tended to reveal more Enterobacteriaceae sequences, and fewer mitochondrial sequences than did those obtained with conventional primers. An UniFrac distance analysis and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the results obtained with the modified primer set made the differences between samples more distinct. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the template DNA obtained from an electrolyzed water or sodium hypochlorite solution wash revealed that some of the DNA could not be amplified using PCR of the 16S rRNA genes suggesting that the DNA fragmentation had occurred due to the electrolyzed water treatment. Our results revealed that the bacterial species removed from the food surfaces varied depending on the washing treatment. Electrolyzed water treatment may be advantageous for removing Enterobacteriaceae from leafy vegetables.
电解水可望对细菌和病毒产生杀菌作用，因此可用于卫生管理，如清洗餐具或医疗设备。电解水处理可能会影响微生物的细胞结构，导致 DNA 泄漏或降解。在此，我们对清洗液中的细菌多样性进行了新一代测序（NGS）分析，以阐明用电解水清洗食品表面的影响。我们使用改良引物来评估现有引物之间的差异，并通过统计分析获得 NGS 序列。与使用传统引物获得的序列相比，使用改良引物获得的 NGS 读数倾向于显示更多的肠杆菌科序列和更少的线粒体序列。UniFrac 距离分析和非度量多维标度（NMDS）显示，使用改良引物组获得的结果使样本之间的差异更加明显。使用从电解水或次氯酸钠溶液洗涤液中获得的模板 DNA 进行实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）发现，部分 DNA 无法通过 16S rRNA 基因的 PCR 扩增，这表明电解水处理导致了 DNA 断裂。我们的研究结果表明，从食物表面清除的细菌种类因清洗处理方法而异。电解水处理可能有利于去除叶菜中的肠杆菌科细菌。
{"title":"Impact of electrolyzed water treatment on bacterial communities in food washing processes","authors":"Akifumi Hosoda , Yuka Ito , Takaaki Kojima , Yki Ogata , Minami Haga , Yu Akimoto , Miki Shirasawa , Michiru Kishimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrolyzed water is expected to have a sterilizing effect on bacteria and viruses, which makes it useful for hygiene management, such as cleaning dishes or medical equipment. Electrolyzed water treatment may affect the cellular structure of microbes, leading to DNA leakage or degradation. Here, we conducted a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of bacterial diversity in washing solution to elucidate the impact of cleaning food surfaces with electrolyzed water. Modified primers were used to evaluate the differences between the existing primers used to obtain NGS sequences and through statistical analysis. The NGS reads obtained using the modified primers tended to reveal more Enterobacteriaceae sequences, and fewer mitochondrial sequences than did those obtained with conventional primers. An UniFrac distance analysis and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the results obtained with the modified primer set made the differences between samples more distinct. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the template DNA obtained from an electrolyzed water or sodium hypochlorite solution wash revealed that some of the DNA could not be amplified using PCR of the 16S rRNA genes suggesting that the DNA fragmentation had occurred due to the electrolyzed water treatment. Our results revealed that the bacterial species removed from the food surfaces varied depending on the washing treatment. Electrolyzed water treatment may be advantageous for removing Enterobacteriaceae from leafy vegetables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100247
Sushil Kumar Patel , R.K. Lal , J.C. Benjamin , V.R. Singh , C.S. Chanotiya , D. Bisht , A. Kumar
Chile has been used as a spice because of its flavor and zest, which complement the minerals, vitamins, and other elements it contains when cooked. The objective of the current study was to determine how P. fluorescens and S. marcescens promote plant growth in Chili plants. The PGPR's phosphate solubilizing, IAA, NH3, HCN production, and antifungal activities were ascertained using in vitro experiments. During the study period 2020–2022, the experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design, with three replications of the three treatments for each microorganism, as follows: 1) P. fluorescens: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (P. fluorescens in rice husk), and T2 (P. fluorescens in sawdust); 2) S. marcescens: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (S. marcescens in rice husk), and T2 (S. marcescens in sawdust) with no fertilizer. After seeding, the chili plant's parameters were measured at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days and compared to the control using four traits: plant height, root length, shoot length, and the number of leaves per plant. The following bio-formulation, employing T0, enhanced plant height growth after seeding: In rice husk, Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T2) = 21.20 for S. marcescens > Days 75 (B1 × D5 × T2) = 20.83 for P. fluorescens > Days 60 (B1 × D4 × T2) = 19.17 for P. fluorescens Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) for S. marcescens in control, days 60 (B1 × D4 × T1 (16.43 cm) for P. fluorescens in sawdust, and days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) for P. fluorescens in control. The root length (cm) for P. fluorescens in sawdust is 7.23 days (B1 × D5 × T2), which is more than P. marcescens in sawdust (days 60 B1 × D4 × T2), P. fluorescens in control (days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), and S. marcescens in control (days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), etc. Rice husk and sawdust were used to create the bio-formulations. The maximum plant growth was achieved at 75 days when S. marcescens was grown in a sawdust medium, including sawdust as a carbon source and carboxymethyl cellulose as a carrier source. When the different compositions of the bio-formulation were tested on chili plants, it was found that P. fluorescens and S. marcescens in sawdust bio-formulation were more effective.
智利因其味道鲜美、风味独特而被用作香料，在烹饪时与所含的矿物质、维生素和其他元素相得益彰。本研究的目的是确定 P. fluorescens 和 S. marcescens 如何促进辣椒植物的生长。通过体外实验确定了 PGPR 的磷酸盐溶解、IAA、NH3、HCN 生产和抗真菌活性。在 2020-2022 年研究期间，实验采用完全随机区组设计，每种微生物的三个处理有三次重复，具体如下：1) P. fluorescens：T0（对照组，无菌土壤）、T1（稻壳中的荧光蛋白）和 T2（锯屑中的荧光蛋白）；2）S. marcescens：T0（对照组，无菌土壤）、T1（稻壳中的 S.marcescens）和 T2（锯屑中的 S.marcescens），不施肥。播种后，分别在 15 天、30 天、45 天、60 天和 75 天测量辣椒植株的各项参数，并通过植株高度、根长、芽长和每株叶片数这四个性状与对照进行比较。以下生物制剂采用 T0，提高了播种后的株高生长：在稻壳中，S. marcescens 的第 75 天（B2 × D5 × T2）= 21.20；P. fluorescens 的第 75 天（B1 × D5 × T2）= 20.83；P. marcescens 的第 60 天（B1 × D4 × T2）= 19.17。对照组中 S. marcescens 的第 75 天（B2 × D5 × T0），锯屑中 P. fluorescens 的第 60 天（B1 × D4 × T1）（16.43 厘米），以及对照组中 P. fluorescens 的第 75 天（B1 × D5 × T0）。锯末中的 P. fluorescens 的根长（厘米）为 7.23 天（B1 × D5 × T2），比锯末中的 P. marcescens（60 天 B1 × D4 × T2）、对照中的 P. fluorescens（75 天（B1 × D5 × T0）= 6.60 厘米）和对照中的 S. marcescens（75 天（B2 × D5 × T0）= 6.60 厘米）等要长。稻壳和锯末被用来制作生物配方。当 S. marcescens 在锯屑培养基（包括作为碳源的锯屑和作为载体源的羧甲基纤维素）中生长 75 天时，植物生长达到最大值。在辣椒植株上测试生物制剂的不同成分时发现，锯屑生物制剂中的 P. fluorescens 和 S. marcescens 效果更好。
{"title":"Plant-growth stimulating bacteria × environments/bio-formulations interactions on the growth-promoting activities of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens on chili","authors":"Sushil Kumar Patel , R.K. Lal , J.C. Benjamin , V.R. Singh , C.S. Chanotiya , D. Bisht , A. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chile has been used as a spice because of its flavor and zest, which complement the minerals, vitamins, and other elements it contains when cooked. The objective of the current study was to determine how <em>P. fluorescens</em> and <em>S. marcescens</em> promote plant growth in Chili plants. The PGPR's phosphate solubilizing, IAA, NH3, HCN production, and antifungal activities were ascertained using in vitro experiments. During the study period 2020–2022, the experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design, with three replications of the three treatments for each microorganism, as follows: 1) <em>P. fluorescens</em>: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (<em>P. fluorescens</em> in rice husk), and T2 (<em>P. fluorescens</em> in sawdust); 2) <em>S. marcescens</em>: T0 (control, unsterile soil), T1 (<em>S. marcescens</em> in rice husk), and T2 (<em>S. marcescens</em> in sawdust) with no fertilizer. After seeding, the chili plant's parameters were measured at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days and compared to the control using four traits: plant height, root length, shoot length, and the number of leaves per plant. The following bio-formulation, employing T0, enhanced plant height growth after seeding: In rice husk, Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T2) = 21.20 for <em>S. marcescens</em> > Days 75 (B1 × D5 × T2) = 20.83 for <em>P. fluorescens</em> > Days 60 (B1 × D4 × T2) = 19.17 for <em>P. fluorescens</em> Days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) for <em>S. marcescens</em> in control, days 60 (B1 × D4 × T1 (16.43 cm) for <em>P. fluorescens</em> in sawdust, and days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) for <em>P. fluorescens</em> in control. The root length (cm) for <em>P. fluorescens</em> in sawdust is 7.23 days (B1 × D5 × T2), which is more than <em>P. marcescens</em> in sawdust (days 60 B1 × D4 × T2), <em>P. fluorescens</em> in control (days 75 (B1 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), and <em>S. marcescens</em> in control (days 75 (B2 × D5 × T0) = 6.60 cm), etc. Rice husk and sawdust were used to create the bio-formulations. The maximum plant growth was achieved at 75 days when <em>S. marcescens</em> was grown in a sawdust medium, including sawdust as a carbon source and carboxymethyl cellulose as a carrier source. When the different compositions of the bio-formulation were tested on chili plants, it was found that <em>P. fluorescens</em> and <em>S. marcescens</em> in sawdust bio-formulation were more effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive traits of sheep are under the control of both the environment and genetics. Moreover, most of these traits have low heritability, are sex-limited, and expressed later in the animal’s life, which makes it difficult to quantify in young animals and to apply direct selection to the traits. This calls for the need to identify and include the genetic bases of fertility traits in selection decisions to enhance the performance of fertility traits in sheep breeding programs. Therefore, several polymorphisms in many genes associated with fertility traits have been reported in several sheep breeds worldwide. The bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B), and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are the major fecundity genes investigated in several sheep breeds studied. Polymorphisms on these genes have shown significant associations with fertility traits such as ovulation rate and litter size and have been used in selection programs. However, research findings focusing on candidate genes affecting fertility traits in indigenous sheep breeds from developing countries are lacking. This review has shown that the genes and the polymorphisms on the genes are variable between and within breeds of the sheep explored thus far, which calls for further efforts to examine sheep breeds in developing countries.
{"title":"A review on candidate genes associated with sheep fertility traits: Implications for genetic improvement of indigenous sheep breeds in developing countries","authors":"Mezgebu Getaneh , Mengistie Taye , Kefyalew Alemayehu , Aynalem Haile , Tesfaye Getachew , Workneh Ayalew","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproductive traits of sheep are under the control of both the environment and genetics. Moreover, most of these traits have low heritability, are sex-limited, and expressed later in the animal’s life, which makes it difficult to quantify in young animals and to apply direct selection to the traits. This calls for the need to identify and include the genetic bases of fertility traits in selection decisions to enhance the performance of fertility traits in sheep breeding programs. Therefore, several polymorphisms in many genes associated with fertility traits have been reported in several sheep breeds worldwide. The bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B), and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are the major fecundity genes investigated in several sheep breeds studied. Polymorphisms on these genes have shown significant associations with fertility traits such as ovulation rate and litter size and have been used in selection programs. However, research findings focusing on candidate genes affecting fertility traits in indigenous sheep breeds from developing countries are lacking. This review has shown that the genes and the polymorphisms on the genes are variable between and within breeds of the sheep explored thus far, which calls for further efforts to examine sheep breeds in developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100239
Ashish Kumar , Anil Kumar Gupta , Saba Siddiqui , A.C. Jnanesha , R.K. Lal , Mohammad Haris Siddiqui
The relationship between genotype and season significantly hinders the development of stable genotype selection and improved genotypes for senna breeding programs. This study aimed to assess stable, high-yielding senna genotypes under South Indian conditions. Twenty-five different senna genotypes were tested for yield stability using a randomized, completely-block design. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to investigate the relationships between genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment. Based on the findings, the three genotypes—GEN 1, GEN 9, and GEN 18—might be recommended for large-scale production. Stable and high-yielding genotypes should be the main genetic resources used in senna-based cropping season breeding programs.
{"title":"Reliable and consistent genotype selection for leaf biomass and natural sennosides yield across multi-environments in Senna (Senna alexandrina Mill)","authors":"Ashish Kumar , Anil Kumar Gupta , Saba Siddiqui , A.C. Jnanesha , R.K. Lal , Mohammad Haris Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between genotype and season significantly hinders the development of stable genotype selection and improved genotypes for senna breeding programs. This study aimed to assess stable, high-yielding senna genotypes under South Indian conditions. Twenty-five different senna genotypes were tested for yield stability using a randomized, completely-block design. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to investigate the relationships between genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment. Based on the findings, the three genotypes—GEN 1, GEN 9, and GEN 18—might be recommended for large-scale production. Stable and high-yielding genotypes should be the main genetic resources used in senna-based cropping season breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100241
Aynalem Gebre Gossa , Bizuayehu Tesfaye , Hewan Demissie Degu
In Ethiopia, basil is the most widely used aromatic and medicinal herb. Despite being widely available across the nation and utilized for a variety of purposes for centuries, little is known about the degree of genetic variability in sweet basil. Thus, 62 basil accessions that were collected from various locations in Ethiopia were examined for genetic diversity and population structure, and genome-wide SNPs were created using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The observed and expected heterozygosis are (0.01–0.02) and (0.13–0.33), respectively. The gene diversity index (GD) ranged from 0.13 to 0.29, with an overall mean of 0.13. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.23 to 0.37, with an average of 0.37. The Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.01 to 0.41, with an average of 0.12. A total variation of 90 % and 1 % within and among populations, respectively, was revealed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Furthermore, genetic variation showed a coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.01 and a gene flow value of 2.013 among populations. The 62 basil accessions were divided into two genetic groups according to STRUCTURE analysis, unweighted pair group method (UPGMA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). This research confirmed the diversity and population structure of the Ethiopian basil. Therefore, the variation pattern in their genetic diversity can serve as a basis for the selection, breeding, and maintenance of basil in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions using DArTseq markers","authors":"Aynalem Gebre Gossa , Bizuayehu Tesfaye , Hewan Demissie Degu","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Ethiopia, basil is the most widely used aromatic and medicinal herb. Despite being widely available across the nation and utilized for a variety of purposes for centuries, little is known about the degree of genetic variability in sweet basil. Thus, 62 basil accessions that were collected from various locations in Ethiopia were examined for genetic diversity and population structure, and genome-wide SNPs were created using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The observed and expected heterozygosis are (0.01–0.02) and (0.13–0.33), respectively. The gene diversity index (GD) ranged from 0.13 to 0.29, with an overall mean of 0.13. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.23 to 0.37, with an average of 0.37. The Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.01 to 0.41, with an average of 0.12. A total variation of 90 % and 1 % within and among populations, respectively, was revealed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Furthermore, genetic variation showed a coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.01 and a gene flow value of 2.013 among populations. The 62 basil accessions were divided into two genetic groups according to STRUCTURE analysis, unweighted pair group method (UPGMA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). This research confirmed the diversity and population structure of the Ethiopian basil. Therefore, the variation pattern in their genetic diversity can serve as a basis for the selection, breeding, and maintenance of basil in Ethiopia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100238
Ramji Yadav , Sanjeev Kumar , Ananta Kumar Das , Jowel Debnath , Abdul Rahim
The long-term selection based on phenotypes causes loss of variation in performance traits and slows down the genetic progress per generation in the population; genomic selection could restore the variability along with faster genetic progress. Genomic short tandem repeats (STRs) in a resource population of RIR chicken were explored investigating randomly selected 114 pedigreed chicks. Alleles separated through 3.4% MetaPhor agarose gel electrophoresis at ten STR loci, and data recorded on growth traits were analyzed. Twenty-six alleles were resolved with frequencies of 0.1140–0.7632 and > 38.60% for the most frequent alleles at ten STR loci. The most frequent genotypes appeared with frequency >21.93% at different loci. Polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.2961 (LEI0079) to 0.6716 (LEI0071). Effective number of alleles ranged from 1.5662 (LEI0079) to 3.5836 (LEI0071). Mean FIS statistics revealed overall 21.78% heterozygosity deficit. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.3630 (LEI0079) to 0.7241 (LEI0071). Chi-square and G-square test showed the population in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium at nine loci. Chick weight was significantly influenced by the factor of sire, and body weight traits by sex and hatch factors of the birds coded with STR-genotypes. ADL0328-BB genotype had the highest chick weight. LEI0068-BC and LEI0071-CC genotypes showed maximum 28-weeks body weight. MCW0010-AA genotype had the potential bearing of the highest body weight records at 16, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age. MCW0058-CC genotype revealed the same at 24 and 28 weeks of age. The study impacts on marker assisted selection program for genetic improvement of growth traits in poultry.
{"title":"Investigating growth associated genomic short tandem repeats (STRs) in a resource population generated through molecular breeding of RIR chicken","authors":"Ramji Yadav , Sanjeev Kumar , Ananta Kumar Das , Jowel Debnath , Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.1016/j.egg.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The long-term selection based on phenotypes causes loss of variation in performance traits and slows down the genetic progress per generation in the population; genomic selection could restore the variability along with faster genetic progress. Genomic short tandem repeats (STRs) in a resource population of RIR chicken were explored investigating randomly selected 114 pedigreed chicks. Alleles separated through 3.4% MetaPhor agarose gel electrophoresis at ten STR loci, and data recorded on growth traits were analyzed. Twenty-six alleles were resolved with frequencies of 0.1140–0.7632 and > 38.60% for the most frequent alleles at ten STR loci. The most frequent genotypes appeared with frequency >21.93% at different loci. Polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.2961 (<em>LEI0079</em>) to 0.6716 (<em>LEI0071</em>). Effective number of alleles ranged from 1.5662 (<em>LEI0079</em>) to 3.5836 (<em>LEI0071</em>). Mean <em>F</em><sub><em>IS</em></sub> statistics revealed overall 21.78% heterozygosity deficit. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.3630 (<em>LEI0079</em>) to 0.7241 (<em>LEI0071</em>). <em>Chi-square</em> and <em>G-square</em> test showed the population in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium at nine loci. Chick weight was significantly influenced by the factor of sire, and body weight traits by sex and hatch factors of the birds coded with STR-genotypes. <em>ADL0</em>328-BB genotype had the highest chick weight. <em>LEI0</em>068-BC and <em>LEI0</em>071-CC genotypes showed maximum 28-weeks body weight. <em>MCW0</em>010-AA genotype had the potential bearing of the highest body weight records at 16, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age. <em>MCW0</em>058-CC genotype revealed the same at 24 and 28 weeks of age. The study impacts on marker assisted selection program for genetic improvement of growth traits in poultry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37938,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Genetics and Genomics","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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