Ecological Genetics and Genomics最新文献

A total of 49 field pea genotypes, belonging to two different plant types were evaluated for 13 traits at Bekoji and Kofele in 2020 to assess the extent of genetic variability and association among morpho-agronomic traits. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference between plant types and among the tested genotypes within each plant type for most of traits. Relatively, genotypes within prostrate type are more variable in thousand seed weight and genotypes within semi-leaf less type are more diverse in plant height, ascochyta blight and lodging severity score. Moderate to high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability in broad sense (H2b) and genetic advance as a percent of mean (GAM) combination were recorded from seed yield, thousand seed weight, plant height and number of seeds per plant in both plant types. The path and correlation analysis showed that lodging score had significant negative association and negative direct effect on seed yield in prostrate type. Number of seeds per plant and plant height had both positive direct effects and significant positive association with seed yield consistently in both plant types. Thousand seed weight also showed both positive direct effects and significant positive association with seed yield in semi-leaf less type. Therefore, great emphasis should be given for those traits while making selection of field pea genotypes for high seed yield. However, for the improvement of yield and lodging simultaneously there should be balance between yield and lodging related traits especially in prostrate type. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first five principal component axes accounted for 71.67 % of the total variability. Generally, the results suggested the possibility of further improvement of seed yield and associated desired traits through selection in both plant types.

Five Japanese quail Coturnix japonica were administered with powdered microplastics (MPs, test group) while five quail did not receive MPs (control group) to investigate the effect of MPs on gut microbiota. In the MP administration, a powdered form of commercially available polystyrene was mixed with sterile water and orally delivered to the quail's proventriculus using a syringe. After the experiments, all 10 quail were euthanized and dissected to measure the weight of each organ and collect samples. A next-generation sequencing analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene was conducted using DNA extracted from pellets of gut fluid samples to investigate gut microbe diversity. A canonical correspondence analysis using the next-generation sequencing data was conducted to examine the correlation between visceral weight changes induced by MP exposure and alterations in the gut microbiome diversity. The dominant bacterial families showed no significant correlation with gut and testis weights in the test group. However, a correlation was inferred between distinct dominant bacterial families and gut and testis weights in the control group, which differed from those observed in the experimental group. Although the underlying cause of gut microbiota changes due to MP ingestion remains to be elucidated, MP ingestion was demonstrated to have some effect on quail gut microbiota and testis.

Understanding the genetic characteristics is crucial for preserving and developing Moroccan's white onion genotypes, with increased yield and quality as well as improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present paper, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and characteristics of white onion genotypes (Allium cepa L.) of Morocco. Based on the ISSR markers bands, 28 white onion genotypes were divided into four distinguished subgroups, with a genetic similarity value of 0.46 based on Jaccard index. Molecular markers analysis revealed that all ISSR markers were 100 % polymorphic with the white onions genotypes. Concerning markers performance, polymorphic information content (PIC) ranges from 0.051 to 0.39 with a mean of 0.301; however, the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and marker index (MI) vary between 3–17 and 0.35–5.04, respectively. Based on resolving power (RP), it appears that the marker UBC825 has an efficient discriminatory power with an RP = 15.67. In contrast, the lowest RP value was detected with the marker UBC815 (RP = 1.58). Based on their high performance, markers UBC825, UBC835, UBC826, UBC840, and UBC811 ISSR seem to be specific and efficient for the identification of Moroccan white onion genotypes. Thus, given the genetic diversity shown by ISSR markers, the abundant resources of white onion genotypes in Morocco could be exploited in more valuable ways.

Papaya leaf curl disease (PLCD) is caused by distinct begomoviruses affecting papaya globally. This study aims to identify and dissect the genetic complexities of begomoviruses-betasatellites associated with PLCD. Surveys in various Indian provinces to collect symptomatic papaya leaf samples. Molecular characterization of 15 DNA-A positives isolates revealed that PSB 8 and PSB 14 from Lucknow shared 89.69 % and 87.25 % nucleotide sequence identity with other reported begomoviruses and 85.36 % with each other. Based on ICTV's species demarcation threshold, these isolates are proposed as novel begomoviruses, named papaya leaf curl Lucknow virus-1 (PaLCLV-1) and papaya leaf curl Lucknow virus-2 (PaLCLV-2). This study also reports a novel strain (PSB 63) of duranta leaf curl virus (DLCV) on papaya, with a 93.48 % sequence identity with known DLCV. The samples did not amplify for DNA-B but did for betasatellites. Nine of the 15 DNA-A positive samples were associated with betasatellites, revealing a novel betasatellite (PSBB 34) from Gujarat, sharing 88.46 % similarity with ludwigia leaf distortion betasatellite (LuLDB), named papaya leaf curl Lucknow betasatellite (PaLCLB). Another new strain, tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCLB), shared 91.96 % identity with other betasatellites. These begomoviruses are monopartite and likely originated in the Old World. This study is the first to show an association between LuLDB and PaLCV (PSB 34). Recombination analysis revealed that major viral genome regions were obtained from previously reported begomoviruses. The study identified eight papaya-infecting begomoviruses and seven associated betasatellites as prominent in the sampled regions.

The present study describes the discovery of Ph-Def, the first marine antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from Panulirus homarus, the Indian spiny lobster. Ph-Def is a 65-amino acid β-defensin (including signal peptide) with potential antimicrobial properties. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relationship to β-defensins in other Panulirus lobsters and suggested an evolutionary connection with vertebrate β-defensins. In silico analysis identified hot spot areas and a hydrophobic face, supporting its potential as a marine AMP with antimicrobial activity. A predicted bactericidal stretch spanning from Cys⁵³–Tyr⁶⁴ was notably identified, covering the mature peptide. Ph-Def demonstrated similarity to β-defensins in other lobster species and fish β-defensins, suggesting a shared functional role against microorganisms. Predicted biological processes associated with Ph-Def include metabolic regulation, cellular biosynthesis, transport, cation transmembrane transport, and immune system processes. These findings underscore the potential of Ph-Def as a marine AMP and expand our understanding of immune responses and defense mechanisms in P. homarus.

This study presents genetic level diversity of 50 moth bean legume accessions (Vigna aconotifolia (Jacq.) Marechal). Despite seeds being a rich source of soluble nutritional proteins, it still remains an underutilized crop commercially. To assess the molecular diversity amongst accessions, RAPD, ISSR, DAMD, SCoT and SSR were employed as PCR markers. Of the total 5064 polymorphic bands shown with these makers, DAMD1 and SCoT1 presented higher levels of polymorphism with 407 and 262 polymorphic bands respectively. These genotypes revealed logical similarity and variation under UPGMA clustering. The PCA analysis of IC-258167, IC-415167, and IC-402286 present three highest eigen values, hence seem fit to be considered as parents for moth bean breeding programme. The polymorphic bands as produced by SCoT and DAMD primers can serve unique genotypic identifiers. This study seems to present a maiden report in labelling genetic marker based polymorphism amongst the accessions of moth bean.

The newly developed Salix hybrids were assessed for genetic diversity using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) molecular markers. The results revealed 88.08 polymorphism, 0.53 polymorphism information content, 4.70 effective multiplex ratio, 2.54 marker index, and 7.18 resolving power from the amplified primers. Clones of the Salix matsudana (MAT) population recorded a maximum mean number of effective alleles (1.42), Shannon information index (0.38), gene diversity (0.25), and percentage of polymorphic loci (82.24 %). The AMOVA (Analysis of molecular variance) results revealed a moderate genetic divergence with a genetic variation of 88 per cent within populations and 12 per cent among the populations. The highest value of total diversity (0.28) and gene diversity (0.24) was recorded between S. matsudana (MAT) and S. tetrasperma (TETRA) populations, while there was more gene flow between S. matsudana (MAT) and S. tetrasperma (TETRA) populations (5.86). The clustering pattern obtained through STRUCTURE software showed two main gene pools and a mixture of 6–7 gene pools to confirm the hybrids based on ISSR marker data. S. matsudana and S. tetrasperma clones showed the highest gene diversity due to their proximity from their original locations, resulting in the least amount of gene exchange among populations. Molecular characterization using ISSR markers was extremely useful for studying the genetic diversity among the willow hybrids and high genetic variability should be utilized for breeding purposes in the future.

Mangrove ecosystem in Indonesia, representing almost 1/5 of the world's mangroves, plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation, coastal protection, and the provision of ecosystem services. The diverse geographic landscapes of the country contribute to one of the largest mangrove forests in the world. However, the mangrove ecosystem in the country was damaged and reduced greatly in the past decades due to anthropogenic activities. To take a further step in the conservation of the ecosystem, it is important to understand the current status of the population distribution, species diversity, and conservation strategies. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of the status of Indonesia's mangrove ecosystems with a specific focus on biodiversity, ongoing conservation endeavors, and prevailing management practices. The principal objective of this review is to gain an in-depth understanding of the significance of these unique ecosystems and the challenges associated with sustaining their health.

Little millet is an important cereal known as a “nutra-grain' because of its numerous health benefits. Due to lack of genomic information, the present study analyzed the cross-transferability of finger millet SSR markers to little millet. SSR analysis using genomic DNA with 18 available markers in little millet revealed that 12 SSR markers had unique amplicons with the expected size, indicating 66.66 % cross-transferability. This indicates the conservation of the repetitive motifs AG, CTG, GTT, ACG, CGG, (GA)₂₆, (TC)21, (CA)₇N₁₂ (GA)₁₅, and (GA)₇AA (GA)₁₉ in both species. Genetic analysis with these transferable twelve SSR markers in 16 little millet genotypes revealed a total of 39 alleles with an average of 3.25 alleles per primer. The highest number of alleles (8) was found at GB-FM -53, while the lowest number of alleles (2) was found at GB-FM -67, GB-FM -87, GB-FM -98 and UGEP-101. Out of the total twelve amplified primers, four primers GB-FM -53, GB-FM -67, GB-FM -70 and UGEP-93 were found to be highly effective and best based on highest SSR primer index value, observed and effective number of alleles, Nei genetic diversity, Shannon information index and polymorphic information content. Finger millet SSR markers distinguished sixteen genotypes of little into two major clusters, where two genotypes, WV-151 and WV-152, were highly diverse. This study establishes the high cross-transferability of finger millet SSR markers to little millet facilitating genomic research and breeding efforts for genetically neglected little millet.

Palmarosa, also known as rosagrass, is an important source of essential oils used worldwide in the fragrance, cosmetic, and soap industries. Palmarosa is a multi-harvest, perennial aromatic crop that grows 1.8–2.4 m tall. Steam distillation yields an essential oil with a rose-like perfume. It contains geraniol (65–85 %), geranyl acetate (6–12 %), citral (1–2%), citronellol (6.4 %), linalool (2–4%), and trace amounts of α-pinene, myrcene, terpinolene, borneol, caryophyllene, farnesol, and geranyl butyrate. The oil percentage ranges between 0.4 and 0.7 %, depending on the season or environment, crop stage, and crop management parameters. Different cultivated varieties, including PRC-1, Vaishnavi, Trishna, Tripta, CIMAP-Harsh, OPD-1, OPD-2, RRL (B)-77, IW 31245, IW 3629, and IW 3244, have been developed and made commercially available. Biotechnological strategies, such as metabolic engineering or cell culture techniques, can help improve chemical compounds for commercial products. It can be cultivated in degraded, marginal, and salt-affected soil and produces a greater economic return than traditional crops; yet, however, the plant requires significant fertility and water availability to reach its full potential. Because palmarosa oil gives a lingering rose aroma to mixes, it is useful for flavoring tobacco and soap. It is also a source of very high-quality geraniol. Geraniol is highly valued as both a smell and a building block for complex chemicals, and its manufacturing generates employment opportunities in associated industries.