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Genetic diversity and structure of Tunisian and Indian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera and sylvestris) cultivars and genotypes revealed by AFLP markers 用 AFLP 标记揭示突尼斯和印度枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera 和 sylvestris)栽培品种和基因型的遗传多样性和结构
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100299
Karim Kadri , Anoop Anand Malik , Hammadi Hamza , Salem Marzougui , Mohamed Aziz Elhoumaizi , Shyam Sundar Sharma , Mohammed Elsafy
The date palm breeding programs need to discover valid genetic fingerprints to characterize cultivars and assess their genetic diversity. This study assessed the genetic diversity among thirty-nine date palm cultivars from Tunisia (Phoenix dactylifera) and India (Phoenix sylvestris) by using six AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. 360 loci were amplified, with 127 loci polymorphic (34.35 %). The Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.161 to 0.931, with the mean genetic distances of 0.568. AFLP's average marker index value was 7.28, with a resolving power of 10.91. The analysis of population structure showed two main clusters with a clear separation between Tunisian and Indian cultivars.
Furthermore, the heatmap analysis allowed the identification of 10 bands specific to the Indian accessions, which were not detected in Tunisian genotypes. These loci could be linked to genes involved in adapting the species in Indian lands, which allowed the study of the genetic diversity of date palm resources of different origins, confirming the existence of at least two origins of domestication. Additionally, identifying AFLP loci specific to P. dactylifera and P. sylvestris will significantly contribute to breeding programs by exploiting species-specific polymorphisms.
枣椰树育种计划需要发现有效的遗传指纹,以确定栽培品种的特征并评估其遗传多样性。本研究利用六个 AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)标记,评估了来自突尼斯(Phoenix dactylifera)和印度(Phoenix sylvestris)的 39 个椰枣栽培品种的遗传多样性。共扩增了 360 个位点,其中 127 个位点具有多态性(34.35%)。Jaccard 相似度系数在 0.161 至 0.931 之间,平均遗传距离为 0.568。AFLP 的平均标记指数值为 7.28,分辨率为 10.91。种群结构分析表明,突尼斯栽培品种和印度栽培品种之间有两个明显区分的主要聚类。此外,热图分析还发现了 10 个印度品种特有的条带,这些条带在突尼斯基因型中没有检测到。这些基因位点可能与该物种在印度土地上的适应基因有关,这有助于研究不同来源的枣椰树资源的遗传多样性,证实至少存在两个驯化起源。此外,确定 P. dactylifera 和 P. sylvestris 的特异性 AFLP 位点将通过利用物种特异性多态性为育种计划做出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering genome sequence of Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain YWY-3.1: A chitinase, cellulase, and amylase producer 解密伊利诺伊芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus illinoisensis)菌株 YWY-3.1 的基因组序列:几丁质酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶的生产者
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100298
Dinh Minh Tran , Thi Huyen Nguyen , To Uyen Huynh , Iuliia Pentekhina
The chitin-degrading Paenibacillus illinoisensis YWY-3.1 was isolated from the lake water at Yok Don National Park, Vietnam. Previous evaluations reported that strain YWY-3.1 had high activities of chitinases, cellulases, and amylases; it also produced remarkable levels of numerous promoting traits for plant growth. This study aimed to sequence and analyze the genome sequence of strain YWY-3.1 for further explorations and applications in agriculture and related fields. The whole genome sequencing revealed the P. illinoisensis YWY-3.1 genome contained 6,451,623 bp, 47.3 % GC, 5786 coding sequences, 88 tRNA, and 1 rRNA. It shared 95.49 % ANI and 87.1 % dDDH to those of P. illinoisensis NBRC 15959 (GCA 004000925). Among the coding sequences, COG deduced 4,991, and KEGG predicted 2819. The genome harbored 338 carbohydrate-active enzymes, including 195 GHs, 44 GTs, 13 PLs, 37 CEs, 3 AAs, and 46 CBMs; among them, 6 GH18 chitinases, 5 GH5 cellulases, 2 GH10 xylanases, 1 GH11 xylanase, and 2 GH13 α-amylases were identified. It contained 49 genes involved in environmental adaptation and plant growth. Moreover, 7 BGCs, with 3 being novel clusters, were identified from the genome. This work provided insight into the genomic information of P. illinoisensis YWY-3.1 and potential gene resources, especially chitinases, cellulases, xylanases, α-amylases, and novel BGCs for further explorations and applications.
几丁质降解菌伊利诺斯芽孢杆菌 YWY-3.1 从越南横洞国家公园的湖水中分离出来。之前的评估报告显示,菌株 YWY-3.1 具有较高的几丁质酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性,还能产生大量促进植物生长的性状。本研究旨在对菌株 YWY-3.1 的基因组序列进行测序和分析,以进一步探索其在农业及相关领域的应用。全基因组测序结果显示,P. illinoisensis YWY-3.1 基因组包含 6,451,623 bp、47.3 % GC、5786 个编码序列、88 个 tRNA 和 1 个 rRNA。它与 P. illinoisensis NBRC 15959(GCA 004000925)共享 95.49 % 的 ANI 和 87.1 % 的 dDDH。在编码序列中,COG 推断出 4991 条,KEGG 预测出 2819 条。基因组中含有 338 种碳水化合物活性酶,包括 195 种 GHs、44 种 GTs、13 种 PLs、37 种 CEs、3 种 AAs 和 46 种 CBMs;其中发现了 6 种 GH18 几丁质酶、5 种 GH5 纤维素酶、2 种 GH10 木聚糖酶、1 种 GH11 木聚糖酶和 2 种 GH13 α 淀粉酶。它包含 49 个涉及环境适应和植物生长的基因。此外,还从基因组中鉴定出 7 个 BGCs,其中 3 个是新的基因簇。这项工作有助于深入了解伊利诺斯鹅膏菌 YWY-3.1 的基因组信息和潜在的基因资源,尤其是几丁质酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和新型 BGCs,为进一步的探索和应用提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes among Escherichia coli isolates of buffalo mastitis milk 检测水牛乳腺炎牛奶中分离出的大肠埃希菌的广谱β-内酰胺酶基因
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100297
Sarang Mazhar Abro , Jam Kashif Sahito , Abdul Ahad Soomro , Amjad Hussain Mirani , Muhammad Azhar Memon , Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro
In recent years, bacteria carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes have become increasingly prevalent. These genes provide resistance to antibiotics, making treatment more challenging. Escherichia coli is a major cause of mastitis in buffaloes, and there have been reports of ESBL genes in E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis milk. This study was aimed to detect ESBL genes in E. coli found in mastitis buffalo milk. A total of 100 samples of mastitis milk were collected from different buffalo farms in Karachi for gene detection and antibiotic sensitivity evaluation. Among the samples, 44 % were positive for E. coli, confirmed by specific characteristics and biochemical properties. To check the antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates MIC test was carried out using micro broth dilution method. Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that out of the 44 isolates, 68 % were resistant to ampicillin, 81 % to tetracycline, 52 % to levofloxacin, 27 % to cefoxitin, and 25 % to ceftriaxone at various concentrations. Additionally, 7 % of the isolates showed resistance to all classes of antibiotics tested. PCR results indicated that 25 % of the total isolates carried the blaCTX-M-1 ESBL gene, while no other types of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, or blaTEM genes were detected. It was discovered that multidrug resistance and the presence of the blaCTX-M-1 ESBL gene in E. coli isolates from mastitis milk pose a significant threat to veterinarians and human clinicians, as they are highly resistant to beta-lactams and other commonly used antibiotics for mastitis treatment.
近年来,携带广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)基因的细菌越来越多。这些基因会对抗生素产生抗药性,使治疗更具挑战性。大肠埃希菌是导致水牛乳腺炎的主要原因,有报道称从牛乳腺炎牛奶中分离出的大肠埃希菌含有 ESBL 基因。本研究旨在检测乳腺炎水牛奶中大肠杆菌的 ESBL 基因。研究人员从卡拉奇不同的水牛养殖场共采集了 100 份乳腺炎牛奶样本,用于基因检测和抗生素敏感性评估。经特异性特征和生化特性确认,样本中有 44% 的大肠杆菌呈阳性。为了检测分离物的抗菌敏感性,采用了微量肉汤稀释法进行 MIC 测试。抗生素敏感性测试表明,在 44 个分离菌株中,有 68% 对氨苄西林耐药,81% 对四环素耐药,52% 对左氧氟沙星耐药,27% 对头孢西丁耐药,25% 对不同浓度的头孢曲松耐药。此外,有 7% 的分离菌株对所有测试抗生素都表现出耐药性。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)结果表明,25%的分离株携带 blaCTX-M-1 ESBL 基因,而没有检测到其他类型的 blaCTX-M、blaSHV 或 blaTEM 基因。研究发现,乳腺炎牛奶中分离出的大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类和其他治疗乳腺炎的常用抗生素具有很强的抗药性,因此,大肠杆菌的多药耐药性和 blaCTX-M-1 ESBL 基因的存在对兽医和人类临床医生构成了重大威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic insights into codon usage bias in Cannabis sativa and pathogenic interactions 基因组学对大麻密码子使用偏差和病原体相互作用的深入研究
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100296
Shamsun Nisa , Bhawna Ghora , Vanila Sharma , Jyoti Chandan , Parvinder Pal Singh , Mohd Hassan , Ravail Singh
This study delves into codon usage bias (CUB) across Cannabis sativa and its associated pathogens (Meloidogyne incognita, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum). It finds an AT-bias in C. sativa and M. incognita, favouring AT ending codons, while fungal pathogens lean towards GC-ending codons. Analysis suggests weak codon bias overall, with host and nematode showing similar preferences, and fungal pathogens preferring GC-ending codons. In ENC/GC3 plot, parity plot analyses both natural selection and mutational pressure influence CUB, slightly favouring T-ending codons.
Neutrality plot analysis demonstrated varying degrees of mutational pressure and selection across the organisms. Correspondence analysis revealed indistinguishable CUB effective in all pathogens, despite differences in evolutionary forces. Correlation analysis illustrated the impact of nucleotide composition, mutational pressure, and natural selection on CUB. Additionally, amino acid composition analysis indicated differential usage of amino acids across organisms. Codon context analysis unveiled common trends in codon pairing, emphasizing the prevalence of preferred codons in C. sativa and M. incognita. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the factors shaping CUB and the evolutionary forces influencing the genomes of the host plant and its associated pathogens, contributing to a deeper understanding of molecular interactions in host-pathogen systems. This data informs conservation for Cannabis sativa by identifying pathogen-resistant genetic traits, guiding breeding and management for biodiversity preservation.
本研究深入探讨了大麻及其相关病原体(Meloidogyne incognita、Alternaria alternata、Aspergillus flavus、Aspergillus niger 和 Fusarium oxysporum)的密码子使用偏倚(CUB)。研究发现,C. sativa 和 M. incognita 中的 AT 偏向于 AT 结尾的密码子,而真菌病原体则偏向于 GC 结尾的密码子。分析表明,总体上密码子偏向较弱,宿主和线虫表现出相似的偏好,而真菌病原体偏好 GC 结尾的密码子。在ENC/GC3图中,奇偶图分析显示自然选择和突变压力都会影响CUB,略微偏向于T结尾的密码子。对应分析表明,尽管进化力量存在差异,但所有病原体的 CUB 都是有效的。相关性分析表明了核苷酸组成、突变压力和自然选择对 CUB 的影响。此外,氨基酸组成分析表明了不同生物对氨基酸的不同使用。密码子上下文分析揭示了密码子配对的共同趋势,强调了首选密码子在 C. sativa 和 M. incognita 中的普遍性。这项综合分析深入揭示了形成 CUB 的因素以及影响寄主植物及其相关病原体基因组的进化力量,有助于加深对寄主-病原体系统中分子相互作用的理解。这些数据为保护大麻提供了信息,确定了抗病原体的遗传特征,指导育种和管理以保护生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Stability analysis of dry matter and seed yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.] genotypes in humid and lowland areas of southwestern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西南部潮湿和低洼地区豇豆[Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.]基因型干物质和种子产量的稳定性分析
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100295
Melkam Aleme , Gezahegn Mengistu , Dereje Tulu , Mesfin Dejene , Shiferaw Temteme , Fekede Feyissa
Cowpea is a multi-purpose legume interested in dealing with genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction which has a significant impact on the success of breeding method. Twelve cowpea genotypes were examined across three experimental sites in Southwest Ethiopia through the cropping seasons in 2020 and 2021. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each location was applied to complete the trials, and the dry mater and seed yields were recorded and analyzed using AMMI and GGE biplot models. Dry matter yield (DMY) was significantly influenced by genotype (35.51 %), environment (34.25 %), and genotype by environment (G × E) interface (24.82 %), according to the combined analysis of variance. On the other hand, seed yield (SY) was highly influenced by the environment (39.93 %), genotype-environment (G × E) (19.08 %), and genotype (11.88 %). For both dry matter and seed yield, the investigated genotypes were divided into four mega-environments using AMMI and GGE biplot. The initial mega-environment contain E6, the subsequent contain E3 and E5, the third one has E1 and E2, and the final mega-environment hold E4 for dry matter and E3, E4, and E6, E5, as well as E1, and E2 for seed yield. The GGE biplot revealed that the three vertex genotypes for dry matter yield, G6, G7, and G10 whereas, six vertexes for seed yield G2, G6, G8, G7, G11, and G10, scored higher yield in corresponding environment, while the AMMI model showed G4, G6, G9, and G10 were comparably stable and high yielders for DMY and G4, G5, and G9 were for SY, whereas G6 and G7 had the highest SY but were unstable genotypes. Based on the AEC line, genotypes represented by G4, and G9 were relatively stable and high yielders for both DMY and SY. The selected genotypes could be suggested for variety development in the region.
豇豆是一种多用途豆科植物,其基因型和基因型与环境之间的相互作用对育种方法的成功与否有着重要影响。在 2020 年和 2021 年的耕种季节,对埃塞俄比亚西南部三个实验点的 12 个豇豆基因型进行了研究。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD),每个地点三次重复,记录干物质和种子产量,并使用 AMMI 和 GGE 双图模型进行分析。根据综合方差分析,干物质产量(DMY)受基因型(35.51 %)、环境(34.25 %)和基因型与环境(G × E)界面(24.82 %)的显著影响。另一方面,种子产量(SY)受环境(39.93 %)、基因型-环境(G × E)(19.08 %)和基因型(11.88 %)的影响较大。对于干物质和种子产量,利用 AMMI 和 GGE 双图将所研究的基因型划分为四个巨型环境。最初的巨型环境包括 E6,随后的巨型环境包括 E3 和 E5,第三个巨型环境包括 E1 和 E2,最后一个巨型环境的干物质含量为 E4,种子产量为 E3、E4、E6、E5 以及 E1 和 E2。GGE 双图显示,干物质产量的三个顶点基因型 G6、G7 和 G10 在相应的环境中产量较高,而种子产量的六个顶点基因型 G2、G6、G8、G7、G11 和 G10 在相应的环境中产量较高,而 AMMI 模型显示,G4、G6、G9 和 G10 是 DMY 比较稳定的高产基因型,G4、G5 和 G9 是 SY 比较稳定的高产基因型,而 G6 和 G7 具有最高的 SY,但却是不稳定的基因型。根据 AEC 品系,以 G4 和 G9 为代表的基因型在 DMY 和 SY 方面都相对稳定和高产。所选基因型可用于该地区的品种开发。
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引用次数: 0
The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal 杜纳尔睡茄(Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal)遗传多样性的定性和分子分类
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100294
S. Venugopal , M. Padma , M. Rajkumar , N. Seenivasan , P. Saidaiah , G. Sathish , A.C. Jnanesha , R.S. Kumar , R.K. Lal
Ashwagandha, often known as Indian ginseng, is a popular therapeutic plant in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. Its roots and leaves have adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Traditional medicine mainly relies on ashwagandha, a powerful medicinal plant with alkaloids and withanolides. This study investigates the genetic diversity and qualitative characteristics of 29 Withania somnifera L. genotypes, using RAPD markers to guide breeding strategies. Plant components from several Indian locations were grown in a randomized block design. Genomic DNA was isolated using a modified C-TAB technique and analyzed with 33 RAPD markers, revealing high variability (PIC values ranging from 0.154 to 0.985). Growth habit, leaf shape and color, flower color, berry color, and root color were among the qualitative qualities found, with intermediate and erect growth styles, mostly ovate leaf forms, and a wide range of leaf and flower colors. Genetic analysis revealed substantial polymorphism, with a UPGMA dendrogram clustering the genotypes into eight distinct groups, indicating diverse genetic backgrounds. The qualitative and molecular characterization of genetic variation in ashwagandha sheds light on the variability and adaptability of this essential therapeutic plant. Understanding and utilizing this variability allows researchers and breeders to improve the conservation, breeding, and long-term usage of ashwagandha, assuring its continued value in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. This genetic diversity plays an essential role in breeding initiatives aiming to improve production, quality, and stress resilience. The study emphasizes the necessity of leveraging this variety through advanced breeding and biotechnology technologies to create superior Ashwagandha cultivars, maximize their therapeutic value, and assure long-term cultivation.
Ashwagandha 通常被称为印度人参,是古代阿育吠陀医学中一种常用的治疗植物。它的根和叶具有适应、抗炎和免疫调节的特性。传统医学主要依赖灰树花,这是一种含有生物碱和黄烷醇内酯的强效药用植物。本研究利用 RAPD 标记研究了 29 种睡莲属植物基因型的遗传多样性和质量特征,以指导育种策略。在随机区组设计中种植了来自印度多个地方的植物成分。使用改良的 C-TAB 技术分离基因组 DNA,并使用 33 个 RAPD 标记进行分析,结果显示其变异性很高(PIC 值从 0.154 到 0.985 不等)。生长习性、叶片形状和颜色、花色、浆果颜色和根部颜色是发现的质量特性之一,生长方式有中间型和直立型,叶片形状大多为卵形,叶片和花的颜色范围很广。遗传分析显示了大量的多态性,UPGMA 树枝图将基因型聚类为八个不同的组,表明了不同的遗传背景。灰树花遗传变异的定性和分子特征揭示了这种重要治疗植物的变异性和适应性。研究人员和育种人员通过了解和利用这种变异,可以改善灰树花的保护、育种和长期使用,确保其在传统医学和现代药理学中的持续价值。这种遗传多样性在旨在提高产量、质量和抗逆性的育种活动中发挥着至关重要的作用。该研究强调,有必要通过先进的育种和生物技术来利用这一品种,以培育优良的灰树花品种,最大限度地提高其治疗价值,并确保长期种植。
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引用次数: 0
The current population genetic status of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Malagarasi River, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚马拉加拉西河(Malagarasi River)沿岸黑线鲈(林尼厄斯,1758 年)种群遗传现状
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100293
Alex Nehemia, Tlehema Umbayda

In East African countries, the O. niloticus species is the second most important fish species in terms of economic significance. However, localized overfishing, habitat degradation, and hybridization have resulted in populations’ decline that poses a threat to this species in this area. This study assessed the genetic diversity, population structure, demographic history, and effective population size of this species along the Malagarasi River. Comparisons were made between the population genetic structure and demographic history of populations of this species from Malagarasi River and other sites in the East Africa (EA) region. The study used COI gene sequences isolated from O. niloticus species collected along the Malagarasi River and COI gene sequences of this species from other sites in the EA region. The populations of O. niloticus from the Moyowosi had the highest haplotype diversity (0.80 ± 0.06) and nucleotide diversity (0.72 ± 0.41 %). At Ilagala, the lowest haplotype diversity (0.44 ± 0.13) and nucleotide diversity (0.16 ± 0.13 %) were found. Fixation index (Fst value) analysis resulted into significant genetic difference among the populations along Malagarasi River (Fst = 0.08419, P < 0.01). The Fst values and minimum spanning haplotype network revealed genetic break between population of O. niloticus from the Malagarasi River and other sites of the EA region. In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation of O. niloticus and other threatened fish species along the Malagarasi River, these findings urge for strengthening the implementation of fisheries laws, particularly in areas where samples exhibit low genetic diversity.

在东非国家,就经济意义而言,尼罗河鱼种是第二重要的鱼种。然而,局部地区的过度捕捞、栖息地退化和杂交导致种群数量下降,对该地区的这一物种构成威胁。本研究评估了马拉加拉西河沿岸该物种的遗传多样性、种群结构、人口历史和有效种群数量。比较了马拉加拉西河和东非(EA)地区其他地点该物种种群的遗传结构和人口历史。该研究使用了从马拉加拉西河沿岸采集的尼罗河鱼种分离的 COI 基因序列,以及东非地区其他地点的尼罗河鱼种 COI 基因序列。来自莫约沃西的黑奴种群具有最高的单倍型多样性(0.80 ± 0.06)和核苷酸多样性(0.72 ± 0.41 %)。在伊拉加拉,单倍型多样性(0.44 ± 0.13)和核苷酸多样性(0.16 ± 0.13 %)最低。固定指数(Fst 值)分析结果显示,马拉加拉西河沿岸种群之间存在显著的遗传差异(Fst = 0.08419,P < 0.01)。Fst 值和最小跨度单倍型网络显示,马拉加拉西河的尼罗河鱼种群与 EA 地区其他地点的尼罗河鱼种群之间存在遗传断裂。为了确保马拉加拉西河沿岸黑线鳕和其他濒危鱼类的可持续开发,这些研究结果敦促加强渔业法的实施,尤其是在样本遗传多样性较低的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of genetic diversity in Eragrostis tef (zucc.) Trotter through microsatellite and morphological markers 通过微卫星和形态标记确定 Eragrostis tef (zucc.) Trotter 的遗传多样性特征
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100292
Molalign Assefa , Tilahun Mekonnen , Hussein Mohammed , Zujaja Umer , Yuanda Song

Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter is Ethiopia's most significantly important grain crop; however, its productivity is quite low (1.7 tons per hectare) due to a variety of issues, including the poor yield potential of varieties produced thus far. To achieve future production improvements in tef, comprehensive study of the crop's genetic variability and variety, utilizing both genetic and morphological markers, necessary. The study was designed to assess the genetic diversity of 64 tef genotypes utilizing 10 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers. This investigation took place at the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center in Holeta, Ethiopia. Field phenotypic diversity evaluation was conducted at two distinct locations: Debre Zeit and Worabe, applied a simple lattice design during 2020/21 season. Molecular analysis of variance demonstrated a substantial proportion of variation among individuals (46 %), followed closely variation among individuals (43 %), with the least variation observed within population (11 %). Concurrently, analysis of morphological data, encompassing twenty phenotypic characteristics, revealed significant variation (P ≤ 0.01) among almost all the tested genotypes for recorded parameters, as indicated by combined analysis of variance across sites. These findings underscore the high diversity among the studied genotypes, suggesting a considerable potential for crop improvement through direct selection and intra-specific hybridization strategies. From the perspectives of both conservation and utilization of tef genetic materials, there is a pressing need for more extensive and systematic molecular level research. Promoting field trials and genotype-by-environment interaction research is crucial. These efforts will enhance our understanding of tef genetic and contribute to its effective conservation and utilization.

Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter 是埃塞俄比亚最重要的粮食作物;然而,由于各种问题,包括迄今生产的品种产量潜力较低,其产量相当低(每公顷 1.7 吨)。要想在未来提高柚子的产量,有必要利用遗传和形态标记对该作物的遗传变异和品种进行全面研究。这项研究旨在利用 10 个简单序列重复(SSR)标记来评估 64 个柚木基因型的遗传多样性。这项调查在埃塞俄比亚 Holeta 的农业生物技术研究中心进行。田间表型多样性评估在两个不同的地点进行:在 2020/21 年度期间,采用简单网格设计,在 Debre Zeit 和 Worabe 两个不同地点进行了田间表型多样性评估。分子变异分析表明,个体间的变异占很大比例(46%),个体间的变异紧随其后(43%),种群内的变异最小(11%)。同时,形态学数据分析(包括 20 个表型特征)显示,几乎所有受测基因型的记录参数都存在显著差异(P ≤ 0.01),这一点在不同地点的综合方差分析中也有所体现。这些发现强调了所研究基因型之间的高度多样性,表明通过直接选择和特异性内部杂交策略改良作物具有相当大的潜力。从保护和利用茶树遗传材料的角度来看,迫切需要开展更广泛、更系统的分子水平研究。促进田间试验和基因型与环境相互作用的研究至关重要。这些努力将增进我们对柚木基因的了解,有助于其有效保护和利用。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical profile and allelopathic activity of eight Eucalyptus species on the performance of initial growth stage of four local species in the southern Tunisia 突尼斯南部 8 种桉树的植物化学成分和等位活性对 4 种当地树种生长初期的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100291
Imen Chemlali , Montserrat Dueñas , Rebeca Ferreras-Charro , Ezzeddine Saadaoui

We aimed thought this survey 1) to investigate and compare the phytotoxicity features of eight Eucalyptus species frequently planted in southern Tunisia (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC., Eucalyptus torquata Luehm., Eucalyptus microtheca F.Muell., Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl., Eucalyptus diversifolia Bonpl., Eucalyptus sargentii Maiden., and Eucalyptus torwood) on seed germination and radicle growth of Medicago sativa L., Corchorus olitorius L., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Peganum harmala L., and 2) to classify those species according to their allelopathic efficiency. The laboratory experiment was conducted using aqueous extracts made from dried and ground plant leaves to obtain concentrations of 5 % and 10 %. These were prepared alongside control treatments for comparison. Afterward, methanol extracts were utilized in the chemical composition identification procedure via HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Different responses were obtained for the species studied for germination and extraction. Results highlighted that C. ciliaris and P. harmala were the most susceptible to eucalypt extracts, while, M. sativa and C. olitorius were more resistant. Statistically, lower concentrations were less effective, but higher ones had noticeable inhibitory effects on seedling growth parameters. We assumed that E. occidentalis, E. gomphocephala, E. torquata and E. camaldulensis were recognized as the most noxious species, E. sargentii and E. microtheca produced moderate effects, while E. torwood and E. diversifolia were regarded as benign species. Phytochemicals especially ellagitannins and flavonols derivatives were the major compounds identified accounted for 21–78 % and 8–59 %, but hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, total flavonols content and non-phenolic acids were acknowledged as the major causes for the observed outcomes.

1) 调查和比较突尼斯南部经常种植的 8 个桉树品种(Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.、Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC.、Eucalyptus torquata Luehm.、Eucalyptus microtheca F.Muell.、Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl、和 Eucalyptus torquata Luehm、Eucalyptus microtheca F.Muell.、Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl.、Eucalyptus diversifolia Bonpl.、Eucalyptus sargentii Maiden.实验室实验使用的是从干燥和研磨的植物叶片中提取的水提取物,浓度分别为 5 % 和 10 %。这些提取物与对照处理一起制备,以进行比较。随后,通过 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS 对甲醇提取物进行化学成分鉴定。所研究的物种在发芽和萃取过程中得到了不同的反应。结果表明,C. ciliaris 和 P. harmala 最容易受到桉树提取物的影响,而 M. sativa 和 C. olitorius 则更具抵抗力。据统计,浓度越低,效果越差,但浓度越高,对幼苗生长参数的抑制作用越明显。我们认为,E. occidentalis、E. gomphocephala、E. torquata 和 E. camaldulensis 被认为是最有害的物种,E. sargentii 和 E. microtheca 产生的影响适中,而 E. torwood 和 E. diversifolia 被认为是良性物种。植物化学物质,特别是鞣花丹宁和黄酮醇衍生物是已鉴定的主要化合物,分别占 21-78 % 和 8-59 %,但羟基肉桂酸衍生物、没食子酸衍生物、总黄酮含量和非酚酸被认为是造成观察结果的主要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Genotype and environmental interactions determine the root digging time and essential oil production in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) 基因型和环境相互作用决定了香根草(Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty)的根挖掘时间和精油产量
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2024.100290
R.K. Lal , C.S. Chanotiya , Anand Mishra , Pankhuri Gupta , A. Kumar

Thirty different vetiver genotypes were grown for evaluation in the experiments at CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, U.P. 226015, India, to assess the impact of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) on essential oil yield and chemical composition in vetiver lines grown in north India, as well as identifying appropriate genotypes and representative root digging times throughout the year for essential oil production. The interplay of genotype and environment is a significant constraint in crop development. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects for genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment (GE) (p < 0.01). The primary root transverse section confirmed the changes in cortical sclerenchyma thickness and variety observed in the dug-out roots from different vetiver genotypes after six and twelve months. The quantity and number of sclerenchyma rows in the peripheral cortical region vary throughout vetiver genotypes. Following root digging, one component (Khusol content) had 40 %, while Khusilal content had 20 % for genotype VTR-23. However, after twelve months, Khusol content had 19 %, whereas Khusilal content had 41 %. The shift in essential oil makeup was apparent. The level of essential oil did not alter considerably. Based on the GGE biplot analysis, VTR-1, 11, and 14 were identified as the most stable genotypes with high essential yields; therefore, it is recommended to use these genotypes in India's enormous agriculture.

在印度勒克瑙药用和芳香植物中央研究所(CSIR-CIMAP)(CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. 226015)进行的实验中,种植了 30 种不同的香根草基因型进行评估,以评估基因型与环境相互作用(GEI)对印度北部香根草品系精油产量和化学成分的影响,并确定全年精油生产的适当基因型和代表性根部挖掘时间。基因型与环境的相互作用是作物生长过程中的一个重要制约因素。加法主效应和乘法交互作用(AMMI)和方差分析(ANOVA)显示,基因型(G)、环境(E)和基因型×环境(GE)均有显著影响(p < 0.01)。主根横切面证实了不同香根草基因型的挖出根在 6 个月和 12 个月后皮层细丝厚度和种类的变化。不同香根草基因型的外围皮层区域的细支脉数量和行数各不相同。根部挖掘后,一个成分(Khusol 含量)为 40%,而基因型 VTR-23 的 Khusilal 含量为 20%。然而,12 个月后,香根草精油的 Khusol 含量为 19%,而 Khusilal 含量为 41%。精油构成的变化是显而易见的。精油含量变化不大。根据 GGE 双图谱分析,VTR-1、11 和 14 被确定为最稳定的基因型,其精油产量高;因此,建议在印度的大型农业中使用这些基因型。
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引用次数: 0
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Ecological Genetics and Genomics
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