Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20230004
Ruji Auethavornpipat
This article advances the critical atrocity lens in challenging the dominant atrocity framework that overly emphasises systematic and large-scale killings in conflict settings. To do so, it argues for the broadened scope of violence to illustrate that hate speech and discrimination produce similar consequences of stripping vulnerable populations of their rights and livelihoods despite the absence of mass killings. This article captures such mundane violence by unpacking the interplay between atrocity crimes, hate speech and discrimination against Rohingya refugees during the covid-19 pandemic. The findings urge scholars and practitioners to consider broader human rights protection during peace time to address root causes of atrocities. In doing so, it can foster inter-communal respect and tolerance, hence preventing grievances from turning into incitement of mass violence.
{"title":"Hate Speech and Discrimination as Mundane Violence against Rohingya Refugees during covid-19","authors":"Ruji Auethavornpipat","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20230004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article advances the critical atrocity lens in challenging the dominant atrocity framework that overly emphasises systematic and large-scale killings in conflict settings. To do so, it argues for the broadened scope of violence to illustrate that hate speech and discrimination produce similar consequences of stripping vulnerable populations of their rights and livelihoods despite the absence of mass killings. This article captures such mundane violence by unpacking the interplay between atrocity crimes, hate speech and discrimination against Rohingya refugees during the covid-19 pandemic. The findings urge scholars and practitioners to consider broader human rights protection during peace time to address root causes of atrocities. In doing so, it can foster inter-communal respect and tolerance, hence preventing grievances from turning into incitement of mass violence.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20230001
Cecilia Jacob, Noel M. Morada
This article introduces the conceptual and analytical framework for this special issue on hate speech and atrocity prevention in Asia. It defines hate speech and incitement, and explains the process and context through which hate speech and incitement operates as a risk factor for atrocities. It also provides an explanation of the international legal framework regulating hate speech and incitement that informs the approach of the articles in this issue.
{"title":"Hate Speech and Atrocity Prevention in Asia: Patterns, Trends and Strategies","authors":"Cecilia Jacob, Noel M. Morada","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20230001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article introduces the conceptual and analytical framework for this special issue on hate speech and atrocity prevention in Asia. It defines hate speech and incitement, and explains the process and context through which hate speech and incitement operates as a risk factor for atrocities. It also provides an explanation of the international legal framework regulating hate speech and incitement that informs the approach of the articles in this issue.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80622794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20230002
Cecilia Jacob, M. Kanth
Hate speech and incitement have been instrumental in atrocity crimes that have occurred in India, even prior to its independence. These atrocities include targeted killings of minorities based on religious and ethnic identity, and demonstrate persistent features of systematic, orchestrated violence that is fuelled by a Hindu nationalist ideology. This ideology is routinely promulgated at the highest levels of political leadership. This article traces both the historical and institutional character of hate speech and incitement in India to understand its repeated manifestation over time. Through case studies of recent violence, it considers the implications of new legal developments, technology and the covid-19 pandemic on the character and dynamic of hate speech, incitement and atrocity violence in India. It considers key reforms and areas for accountability on which the international community could engage the government and civil society in India on the issue of hate speech and incitement to promote atrocity prevention at the domestic level.
{"title":"‘Kill Two Million of Them’: Institutionalised Hate Speech, Impunity and 21st Century Atrocities in India","authors":"Cecilia Jacob, M. Kanth","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20230002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20230002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Hate speech and incitement have been instrumental in atrocity crimes that have occurred in India, even prior to its independence. These atrocities include targeted killings of minorities based on religious and ethnic identity, and demonstrate persistent features of systematic, orchestrated violence that is fuelled by a Hindu nationalist ideology. This ideology is routinely promulgated at the highest levels of political leadership. This article traces both the historical and institutional character of hate speech and incitement in India to understand its repeated manifestation over time. Through case studies of recent violence, it considers the implications of new legal developments, technology and the covid-19 pandemic on the character and dynamic of hate speech, incitement and atrocity violence in India. It considers key reforms and areas for accountability on which the international community could engage the government and civil society in India on the issue of hate speech and incitement to promote atrocity prevention at the domestic level.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89332065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20230003
Noel M. Morada
This article examines the use of hate speech and incitement by perpetrators of violence and atrocities in Myanmar against vulnerable populations like the Rohingya community from the outbreak of communal conflict in Rakhine in 2012 to the post-February 2021 coup. It argues that there is a clear link between hate speech and incitement, on one hand, and the escalation of violent attacks against the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities in the country, which presaged the atrocities committed by security forces. It draws some implications for R2P and atrocities prevention from the Myanmar case study, which includes the flawed democratisation process initiated by the military and the manifest failure of both the usdp and nld governments to uphold their primary responsibility to protect vulnerable populations in the country. As well, the international community led by the United Nations and asean have both failed in their responsibility to respond in a timely and decisive manner to protect the Rohingya from genocide as well as the larger civilian population from the junta’s violent crackdown after the February 2021 coup.
{"title":"Hate Speech and Incitement in Myanmar before and after the February 2021 Coup","authors":"Noel M. Morada","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20230003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines the use of hate speech and incitement by perpetrators of violence and atrocities in Myanmar against vulnerable populations like the Rohingya community from the outbreak of communal conflict in Rakhine in 2012 to the post-February 2021 coup. It argues that there is a clear link between hate speech and incitement, on one hand, and the escalation of violent attacks against the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities in the country, which presaged the atrocities committed by security forces. It draws some implications for R2P and atrocities prevention from the Myanmar case study, which includes the flawed democratisation process initiated by the military and the manifest failure of both the usdp and nld governments to uphold their primary responsibility to protect vulnerable populations in the country. As well, the international community led by the United Nations and asean have both failed in their responsibility to respond in a timely and decisive manner to protect the Rohingya from genocide as well as the larger civilian population from the junta’s violent crackdown after the February 2021 coup.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-15010001
{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-15010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-15010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136327862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20220018
W. Iyekekpolo
How do we achieve the protection of vulnerable civilians from violent non-state actors in Nigeria? This article argues that despite the seemingly different approaches of Responsibility to Protect (r2p) and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, both can align at an intrastate implementation level to protect exposed communities from armed groups. The UN’s adoption of a people-centric approach to counter-terrorism (ct) and the preventive measures against heinous crimes instituted in pillars one and two of r2p creates the space for this cooperation. This article further shows how practitioners can integrate both regimes with local networks to provide a holistic civilian protection strategy. This approach encompasses international, state, and local agency in halting the proliferation and activities of violent non-state groups. I espouse a framework for the protection of vulnerable Nigerian populations based on three factors – community self-protection, economic well-being, and ideological reorientation.
{"title":"Bridging the Norms of Counter-Terrorism and Responsibility to Protect: Countering the Proliferation and Activities of Armed Groups in Nigeria","authors":"W. Iyekekpolo","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20220018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20220018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How do we achieve the protection of vulnerable civilians from violent non-state actors in Nigeria? This article argues that despite the seemingly different approaches of Responsibility to Protect (r2p) and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, both can align at an intrastate implementation level to protect exposed communities from armed groups. The UN’s adoption of a people-centric approach to counter-terrorism (ct) and the preventive measures against heinous crimes instituted in pillars one and two of r2p creates the space for this cooperation. This article further shows how practitioners can integrate both regimes with local networks to provide a holistic civilian protection strategy. This approach encompasses international, state, and local agency in halting the proliferation and activities of violent non-state groups. I espouse a framework for the protection of vulnerable Nigerian populations based on three factors – community self-protection, economic well-being, and ideological reorientation.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81270631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20220019
Luciano Pezzano
This article proposes a reading of the 2020 Order on Provisional Measures in The Gambia v. Myanmar case through the r2p lens. It holds that the International Court of Justice (icj), notwithstanding its inherent limitations as a judicial organ, can play an important role in the responsibility of the international community to help to protect populations from genocide, and that a ‘judicial r2p’ can exist under r2p’s Pillar Three. To that end, the article develops two main arguments. First, that in the 2020 Order, the icj used a language closer to r2p than ever. Second, that, by submitting the dispute to the Court, The Gambia not only has exercised a right under the Genocide Convention, but it also fulfilled its obligation to prevent genocide, and as a member of the international community, has contributed to activate the latter’s r2p regarding the Rohingya in Myanmar.
{"title":"Towards a Judicial r2p: The International Court of Justice and the Obligation to Prevent Genocide in The Gambia v. Myanmar Case","authors":"Luciano Pezzano","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20220019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20220019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article proposes a reading of the 2020 Order on Provisional Measures in The Gambia v. Myanmar case through the r2p lens. It holds that the International Court of Justice (icj), notwithstanding its inherent limitations as a judicial organ, can play an important role in the responsibility of the international community to help to protect populations from genocide, and that a ‘judicial r2p’ can exist under r2p’s Pillar Three. To that end, the article develops two main arguments. First, that in the 2020 Order, the icj used a language closer to r2p than ever. Second, that, by submitting the dispute to the Court, The Gambia not only has exercised a right under the Genocide Convention, but it also fulfilled its obligation to prevent genocide, and as a member of the international community, has contributed to activate the latter’s r2p regarding the Rohingya in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81669574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20220017
Nilay Tüzgen, G. O. Gök
This article’s main aim is to evaluate the position of brics ‘as a group’ towards the Responsibility to Protect (r2p) norm by locating it in the framework of the English School’s pluralist versus solidarist debate. It traces the pluralist and solidarist elements in brics discourses and decisions towards r2p by scrutinising the content of the ten brics summit declarations between 2011 and 2020 and the voting of brics members on UN Security Council resolutions regarding seven cases involving atrocity crimes (Syria, Yemen, Mali, Ivory Coast, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Libya) discussed at the UN Security Council. The article argues that although there is an obvious quantitative increase in brics common pluralist agenda, they do not demonstrate group solidarity in practice and have not yet socialised to act as a group on the r2p as a key norm of global governance. Therefore, their position as a group towards r2p could best be framed as ‘Charter solidarism’ in principle per se, not in practice.
{"title":"Understanding the Policies of the brics Countries in R2P Cases: An English School Perspective","authors":"Nilay Tüzgen, G. O. Gök","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20220017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20220017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article’s main aim is to evaluate the position of brics ‘as a group’ towards the Responsibility to Protect (r2p) norm by locating it in the framework of the English School’s pluralist versus solidarist debate. It traces the pluralist and solidarist elements in brics discourses and decisions towards r2p by scrutinising the content of the ten brics summit declarations between 2011 and 2020 and the voting of brics members on UN Security Council resolutions regarding seven cases involving atrocity crimes (Syria, Yemen, Mali, Ivory Coast, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Libya) discussed at the UN Security Council. The article argues that although there is an obvious quantitative increase in brics common pluralist agenda, they do not demonstrate group solidarity in practice and have not yet socialised to act as a group on the r2p as a key norm of global governance. Therefore, their position as a group towards r2p could best be framed as ‘Charter solidarism’ in principle per se, not in practice.","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1163/1875984x-20220015
Carly Gordyn
{"title":"Michelle Jasmin Dimasi, Hope, Solidarity and Death at the Australian Border: Christmas Island and Asylum Seekers","authors":"Carly Gordyn","doi":"10.1163/1875984x-20220015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-20220015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38207,"journal":{"name":"Global Responsibility to Protect","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85996198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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