The population growth and the comfort generated by progress have greatly contributed with the increase in the air pollution, making the air in several urban centers polluted by substances that are harmful to human being. This study characterized the air quality in the city of Taubate, Vale do Paraiba-SP using biomonitoring with Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae). The study was developed in a period of 10 months (September/2010 to June/2011) in five locations (Rodovia Presidente Dutra – heavy vehicle traffic; Estiva – residential area; Parque Aeroporto – industrial area); Campus Bom Conselho – area in the city with heavy vehicle traffic and Agronomy – rural area. Samples were
{"title":"Biomonitoramento do ar com Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt var purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae)","authors":"M. Teixeira, Agnes Barbério","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.982","url":null,"abstract":"The population growth and the comfort generated by progress have greatly contributed with the increase in the air pollution, making the air in several urban centers polluted by substances that are harmful to human being. This study characterized the air quality in the city of Taubate, Vale do Paraiba-SP using biomonitoring with Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae). The study was developed in a period of 10 months (September/2010 to June/2011) in five locations (Rodovia Presidente Dutra – heavy vehicle traffic; Estiva – residential area; Parque Aeroporto – industrial area); Campus Bom Conselho – area in the city with heavy vehicle traffic and Agronomy – rural area. Samples were","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"279-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Braz, W. J. Ferreira, M. Silva, P. C. Alvalá, Luciano Marani, G. T. Batista, V. M. Hamza
The accumulation and decomposition of organic matter in water bodies can increase the potential emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In this study, in a prospective and exploratory way, we evaluated the relationship between physicochemical characteristics of water on the transport of methane to the atmosphere at Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, RJ. In 2011, campaigns were carried out in which 200 samples were collected for analysis of superficial methane emission and 30 water samples were collected to verify the dissolution of
水体中有机物的积累和分解可以增加温室气体向大气的潜在排放。本研究以前瞻性和探索性的方式，评价了罗德里戈湖(Rodrigo de Freitas)水体理化特征与甲烷向大气输送的关系。2011年，开展了收集200个样品进行表面甲烷排放分析和收集30个水样进行溶解验证的活动
{"title":"Influência de características físico-químicas da água no transporte de metano para a atmosfera na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, RJ","authors":"L. Braz, W. J. Ferreira, M. Silva, P. C. Alvalá, Luciano Marani, G. T. Batista, V. M. Hamza","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.972","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation and decomposition of organic matter in water bodies can increase the potential emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In this study, in a prospective and exploratory way, we evaluated the relationship between physicochemical characteristics of water on the transport of methane to the atmosphere at Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, RJ. In 2011, campaigns were carried out in which 200 samples were collected for analysis of superficial methane emission and 30 water samples were collected to verify the dissolution of","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna Porto dos Santos, N. A. C. Rego, J. Santos, Franklin Delano Porto Júnior, Milton Silva Junior
A bacia hidrografica do rio Santa Rita engloba os povoados de Simao e Campinhos existindo cerca de 150 casas de farinha. O povoado de Campinhos encontra-se entre os maiores beneficiadores de mandioca na regiao sudoeste da Bahia, gerando muitos empregos diretos e indiretos. A manipueira e um residuo liquido oriundo da prensagem da mandioca e apresenta alto potencial poluente decorrente da quantidade glicose e frutose, apresentando potencial poluidor 25 vezes maior do que o do esgoto domestico. O trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliacao dos possiveis impactos decorrentes do lancamento de manipueira na qualidade da agua do rio Santa Rita. Para tanto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso do solo e realizada a caracterizacao fisiografica da bacia, alem de efetuadas seis campanhas de coleta de amostras de agua em quatro pontos ao longo do rio. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a bacia hidrografica do rio Santa Rita e alongada, com baixa eficiencia de drenagem e com baixa possibilidade de ocorrencia de enchentes. Os dados relativos aos parâmetros de qualidade de agua indicaram um forte aporte de efluentes orgânicos nos nucleos de Campinhos e Simao, comprometendo os valores de oxigenio dissolvido, condutividade eletrica, salinidade, amonia, nitrito, nitrato e zinco, sugerindo impactos decorrentes do lancamento de manipueira. A concentracao de fosforo total, ferro e cobre foram superiores a jusante da Estacao de Tratamento de Esgoto. A agua apresentou-se salobra nos tres pontos de coleta mais afetados pelo lancamento de manipueira.
{"title":"Avaliação espaço-temporal dos parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio Santa Rita (BA) em função do lançamento de manipueira","authors":"Giovanna Porto dos Santos, N. A. C. Rego, J. Santos, Franklin Delano Porto Júnior, Milton Silva Junior","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.880","url":null,"abstract":"A bacia hidrografica do rio Santa Rita engloba os povoados de Simao e Campinhos existindo cerca de 150 casas de farinha. O povoado de Campinhos encontra-se entre os maiores beneficiadores de mandioca na regiao sudoeste da Bahia, gerando muitos empregos diretos e indiretos. A manipueira e um residuo liquido oriundo da prensagem da mandioca e apresenta alto potencial poluente decorrente da quantidade glicose e frutose, apresentando potencial poluidor 25 vezes maior do que o do esgoto domestico. O trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliacao dos possiveis impactos decorrentes do lancamento de manipueira na qualidade da agua do rio Santa Rita. Para tanto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso do solo e realizada a caracterizacao fisiografica da bacia, alem de efetuadas seis campanhas de coleta de amostras de agua em quatro pontos ao longo do rio. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a bacia hidrografica do rio Santa Rita e alongada, com baixa eficiencia de drenagem e com baixa possibilidade de ocorrencia de enchentes. Os dados relativos aos parâmetros de qualidade de agua indicaram um forte aporte de efluentes orgânicos nos nucleos de Campinhos e Simao, comprometendo os valores de oxigenio dissolvido, condutividade eletrica, salinidade, amonia, nitrito, nitrato e zinco, sugerindo impactos decorrentes do lancamento de manipueira. A concentracao de fosforo total, ferro e cobre foram superiores a jusante da Estacao de Tratamento de Esgoto. A agua apresentou-se salobra nos tres pontos de coleta mais afetados pelo lancamento de manipueira.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"261-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Salemi, Juliano Daniel Groppo, R. Trevisan, Gustavo Bicci Seghesi, J. M. Moraes, Silvio Ferraz, L. A. Martinelli
The Atlantic rain forest is the most endangered ecosystem in Brazil. Its degradation has started since 1500 when the European settlers arrived. Despite of all land use changes that have occurred, hydrological studies carried out in this biome have been limited to hydrological functioning of rain forests only. In order to understand the hydrological consequences of land-use change from forest to pasture, we described the hydrological functioning of a pasture catchment that was previously covered by tropical rain forest. To reach this goal we measured the precipitation, soil matric potential, discharge, surface runoff and water table levels during one year. The results indicated that there is a decrease in surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. However, as low intensity rainfall prevails, the lower water conductivity does not necessarily leads to a substantially higher surface runoff generation. Regarding soil water matric potential, the pasture presented higher moisture levels than forest during the dry season. This increase in soil moisture implies in higher water table recharge that, in turn, explain the higher runoff ratio. This way, land-use change conversion from forest to pasture implies a higher annual streamflow in pasture catchments. Nonetheless, this increase in runoff due to forest conversion to pasture implies in losses of biological diversity as well as lower soil protection.
{"title":"Consequências hidrológicas da mudança de uso da terra de floresta para pastagem na região da floresta tropical pluvial Atlântica","authors":"L. Salemi, Juliano Daniel Groppo, R. Trevisan, Gustavo Bicci Seghesi, J. M. Moraes, Silvio Ferraz, L. A. Martinelli","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.927","url":null,"abstract":"The Atlantic rain forest is the most endangered ecosystem in Brazil. Its degradation has started since 1500 when the European settlers arrived. Despite of all land use changes that have occurred, hydrological studies carried out in this biome have been limited to hydrological functioning of rain forests only. In order to understand the hydrological consequences of land-use change from forest to pasture, we described the hydrological functioning of a pasture catchment that was previously covered by tropical rain forest. To reach this goal we measured the precipitation, soil matric potential, discharge, surface runoff and water table levels during one year. The results indicated that there is a decrease in surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. However, as low intensity rainfall prevails, the lower water conductivity does not necessarily leads to a substantially higher surface runoff generation. Regarding soil water matric potential, the pasture presented higher moisture levels than forest during the dry season. This increase in soil moisture implies in higher water table recharge that, in turn, explain the higher runoff ratio. This way, land-use change conversion from forest to pasture implies a higher annual streamflow in pasture catchments. Nonetheless, this increase in runoff due to forest conversion to pasture implies in losses of biological diversity as well as lower soil protection.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The State of Sao Paulo Water Resources Policy established, in 1991, the Integrated Water Resources Management System (SIGRHI) and defined the basic principles for water management, adopting the watershed as the basic unit for studies, integrated planning for sustainable development. This study characterized the morphology of sub-basins Fojo and Perdizes in the city of Campos do Jordao, SP. Morphometric analysis involved the characterization of geometric parameters, topography and drainage network, and the analysis of land use and land cover of the sub-basins. The morphometric characterization revealed that Perdizes sub-basin has an area of 12.70 km², a perimeter of 19.85 km, and a main channel length of 6.86 km, while Fojo sub-basin has a drainage area of 13.97 km ², a perimeter of 19.74 km, and a main channel length of 6.94 km. These results indicate similarities between the two sub-basins. The compactness coefficient (Kc) for Perdizes was 1.56 and for Fojo 1.41. These values associated with the respective form factors, F = 0.27 and F = 0.29, indicate that these sub-basins, under a normal precipitation regime are not susceptible to flooding. The results of these indices are consisted with the circularity index (CI) found: CI = 0.41 for Perdizes and CI = 0.45 for Fojo, respectively. As CI values found are far from one, they indicate that these sub-basins tend to have a more elongated shape and, therefore, lower flow concentration tendency. The results obtained for the maintenance coefficient indicate that in order to maintain the flow of each channel meter, Perdizes sub-basin needs 286.5 m² and Fojo sub-basin needs 243.9 m². Land cover and land use analysis revealed that among the four existing vegetation cover types, Forest is dominant in both sub-basins with 649 ha (51.1%) in Perdizes, and 608.8 ha (43.6%) in Fojo; Reforestation cover ranks second with similar areas in both sub-basins, Perdizes with 218 ha (17.2%) and Fojo with approximately 214 ha (15.3%). In terms of conservation, Fojo sub-basin can be considered better conserved with a smaller urban area, larger rangeland natural coverage area, and only slightly smaller forest coverage area than Perdizes.
圣保罗州水资源政策于1991年建立了水资源综合管理系统(SIGRHI)，并确定了水资源管理的基本原则，采用流域作为研究和可持续发展综合规划的基本单位。本文研究了SP. Campos do Jordao市Fojo和Perdizes两个子盆地的形态特征。形态计量学分析包括几何参数、地形和流域网络特征，以及子盆地的土地利用和土地覆盖分析。地貌特征表明，Perdizes子盆地面积12.70 km²，周长19.85 km，主河道长度6.86 km; Fojo子盆地流域面积13.97 km²，周长19.74 km，主河道长度6.94 km。这些结果表明两个子盆地具有相似性。Perdizes的密实系数(Kc)为1.56,Fojo的密实系数为1.41。这些值与F = 0.27和F = 0.29的形态因子相关，表明这些子流域在正常降水条件下不容易发生洪水。这些指数的结果与所发现的循环指数(CI)相一致:Perdizes的CI = 0.41, Fojo的CI = 0.45。由于所发现的CI值远小于1，表明这些子盆地的形状趋于拉长，因此水流集中倾向较低。维持系数计算结果表明，Perdizes子流域需要286.5 m²，Fojo子流域需要243.9 m²才能维持每米的流量。土地覆被和土地利用分析表明，在4种现有植被类型中，森林在两个子流域均占主导地位，Perdizes为649 ha (51.1%)， Fojo为608.8 ha (43.6%);在这两个子流域中，再造林面积排名第二，Perdizes为218公顷(17.2%)，Fojo约为214公顷(15.3%)。在保护方面，Fojo子流域的城市面积较小，牧场自然覆盖面积较大，森林覆盖面积略小于Perdizes，保护程度较好。
{"title":"Análise morfométrica das sub-bacias hidrográficas Perdizes e Fojo no município de Campos do Jordão, SP, Brasil","authors":"A. M. Santos, M. S. Targa, G. T. Batista, N. Dias","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.945","url":null,"abstract":"The State of Sao Paulo Water Resources Policy established, in 1991, the Integrated Water Resources Management System (SIGRHI) and defined the basic principles for water management, adopting the watershed as the basic unit for studies, integrated planning for sustainable development. This study characterized the morphology of sub-basins Fojo and Perdizes in the city of Campos do Jordao, SP. Morphometric analysis involved the characterization of geometric parameters, topography and drainage network, and the analysis of land use and land cover of the sub-basins. The morphometric characterization revealed that Perdizes sub-basin has an area of 12.70 km², a perimeter of 19.85 km, and a main channel length of 6.86 km, while Fojo sub-basin has a drainage area of 13.97 km ², a perimeter of 19.74 km, and a main channel length of 6.94 km. These results indicate similarities between the two sub-basins. The compactness coefficient (Kc) for Perdizes was 1.56 and for Fojo 1.41. These values associated with the respective form factors, F = 0.27 and F = 0.29, indicate that these sub-basins, under a normal precipitation regime are not susceptible to flooding. The results of these indices are consisted with the circularity index (CI) found: CI = 0.41 for Perdizes and CI = 0.45 for Fojo, respectively. As CI values found are far from one, they indicate that these sub-basins tend to have a more elongated shape and, therefore, lower flow concentration tendency. The results obtained for the maintenance coefficient indicate that in order to maintain the flow of each channel meter, Perdizes sub-basin needs 286.5 m² and Fojo sub-basin needs 243.9 m². Land cover and land use analysis revealed that among the four existing vegetation cover types, Forest is dominant in both sub-basins with 649 ha (51.1%) in Perdizes, and 608.8 ha (43.6%) in Fojo; Reforestation cover ranks second with similar areas in both sub-basins, Perdizes with 218 ha (17.2%) and Fojo with approximately 214 ha (15.3%). In terms of conservation, Fojo sub-basin can be considered better conserved with a smaller urban area, larger rangeland natural coverage area, and only slightly smaller forest coverage area than Perdizes.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pontes, André Rodrigues Marques, Guilherme Fernandes Marques
A micro-bacia do corrego Banguelo da sub-bacia Bom Jesus contribui, junto com outras, para formacao do reservatorio da Pampulha, cuja poluicao e considerada um dos grandes problemas ambientais do municipio de Belo Horizonte. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso e ocupacao do solo na qualidade da agua num ciclo sazonal em diferentes pontos da micro-bacia. Para o monitoramento da qualidade da agua, os parâmetros analisados foram: pH, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido, fosfato, nitrato, nitrogenio total, temperatura, DBO5, DQO, solidos totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Foi realizado, ainda, um levantamento floristico e das condicoes de ocupacao do solo nas margens do corrego. A partir dos resultados do monitoramento, foram calculados os indices de qualidade da agua (IQA NSF) e identificados os pontos com maior grau de poluicao. A analise do IQA indicou que a qualidade da agua oscilou entre media e ruim no periodo seco, tendo-se observado a melhoria da qualidade da agua para boa e media no periodo chuvoso. A deterioracao da qualidade das aguas ocorreu devido ao lancamento de efluente industrial e esgoto das areas urbanizadas, com ocorrencia de niveis baixos de oxigenio dissolvido, alta concentracao de materia orgânica e nutrientes. Nas areas com vegetacao, observou-se diminuicao na concentracao de poluentes (principalmente nitrato e fosfato), indicando a importância da manutencao da vegetacao riparia como medida de melhoria da qualidade das aguas na regiao. A minimizacao da poluicao neste corrego pode melhorar a qualidade da agua da sub-bacia e, consequentemente, contribuir para deseutrofizacao do reservatorio da Pampulha.
{"title":"Efeito do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água na micro-bacia do Córrego Banguelo - Contagem","authors":"P. Pontes, André Rodrigues Marques, Guilherme Fernandes Marques","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.962","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-bacia do corrego Banguelo da sub-bacia Bom Jesus contribui, junto com outras, para formacao do reservatorio da Pampulha, cuja poluicao e considerada um dos grandes problemas ambientais do municipio de Belo Horizonte. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso e ocupacao do solo na qualidade da agua num ciclo sazonal em diferentes pontos da micro-bacia. Para o monitoramento da qualidade da agua, os parâmetros analisados foram: pH, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido, fosfato, nitrato, nitrogenio total, temperatura, DBO5, DQO, solidos totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Foi realizado, ainda, um levantamento floristico e das condicoes de ocupacao do solo nas margens do corrego. A partir dos resultados do monitoramento, foram calculados os indices de qualidade da agua (IQA NSF) e identificados os pontos com maior grau de poluicao. A analise do IQA indicou que a qualidade da agua oscilou entre media e ruim no periodo seco, tendo-se observado a melhoria da qualidade da agua para boa e media no periodo chuvoso. A deterioracao da qualidade das aguas ocorreu devido ao lancamento de efluente industrial e esgoto das areas urbanizadas, com ocorrencia de niveis baixos de oxigenio dissolvido, alta concentracao de materia orgânica e nutrientes. Nas areas com vegetacao, observou-se diminuicao na concentracao de poluentes (principalmente nitrato e fosfato), indicando a importância da manutencao da vegetacao riparia como medida de melhoria da qualidade das aguas na regiao. A minimizacao da poluicao neste corrego pode melhorar a qualidade da agua da sub-bacia e, consequentemente, contribuir para deseutrofizacao do reservatorio da Pampulha.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study evaluated the removal of TOC from an effluent with high organic load resulted from the treatment of oil-water emulsion by thermal process. Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration membrane (HF-UF) and physicochemical clarification process were used as pretreatment options to assess the influence of feed effluent quality on the UV/H2O2 oxidation process. Results for TOC removals showed HF-UF and physicochemical clarification processes can significantly improve the efficiency of UV/H2O2 oxidation process, when compared with the direct effluent oxidation. Reaction time for obtaining a TOC removal higher than 90% was reduced to approximately half of the time needed when no pretreatment was applied. Considering both pretreatment processes it was not possible to notice any significant difference on the UV/H2O2 oxidation process performance. However, the complexity of physicochemical process due to the use of three different chemicals and sludge production made the HF-UF process the best pretreatment alternative, without increasing the Total Dissolved Solids of the effluent, a very important issue when water reuse is considered.
{"title":"UV/H2O2 process performance improvement by ultrafiltration and physicochemical clarification systems for industrial effluent pretreatment","authors":"J. C. Mierzwa, E. L. Subtil, I. Hespanhol","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.926","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated the removal of TOC from an effluent with high organic load resulted from the treatment of oil-water emulsion by thermal process. Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration membrane (HF-UF) and physicochemical clarification process were used as pretreatment options to assess the influence of feed effluent quality on the UV/H2O2 oxidation process. Results for TOC removals showed HF-UF and physicochemical clarification processes can significantly improve the efficiency of UV/H2O2 oxidation process, when compared with the direct effluent oxidation. Reaction time for obtaining a TOC removal higher than 90% was reduced to approximately half of the time needed when no pretreatment was applied. Considering both pretreatment processes it was not possible to notice any significant difference on the UV/H2O2 oxidation process performance. However, the complexity of physicochemical process due to the use of three different chemicals and sludge production made the HF-UF process the best pretreatment alternative, without increasing the Total Dissolved Solids of the effluent, a very important issue when water reuse is considered.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renata Alberto de Morais Watanabe, Paulo Sales, L. Campos, T. A. Garcia, M. Valadares, F. Schimidt, M. F. Santiago
If not properly and efficiently treated, wastes produced by the chemical industry can contaminate the environment. Using fungi able to degrade organic compounds (e.g. phenol) seems to be a prominent method to treat pharmaceutical wastewaters, in particular, the white-rot fungus. The aim of this work was to treat pharmaceutical effluent by the Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus. Three effluent samples were collected in a pharmaceutical industry. The production of enzymes such as laccase and manganese peroxidase was determined. Their production increased throughout the treatment with the P. sanguineus fungus, reaching maximum concentration of 4.48 U.mL-1 (Effluent 1), 8.16 U.mL-1 (Effluent 2), 2.8 U.mL-1 (Effluent 3) and 0.03 Abs.min-1 (Effluent 2), respectively, during 96 hours of biological treatment. Genotoxic effects of the raw and treated effluents were also investigated using the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay. Results showed the biological treatment reduced the frequency of MN, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to untreated sample. The decreasing of around 20% and 45% of phenolics concentration was observed throughout the treatment, confirming that laccase production can be related to the degradation of toxic compounds present in the effluent. Therefore, the biodegradation by the P. sanguineus fungus seems a promising method for the mineralization of recalcitrant compounds present in pharmaceutical effluents.
{"title":"Evaluation of the use of Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus for phenolics and genotoxicity decay of a pharmaceutical effluent treatment","authors":"Renata Alberto de Morais Watanabe, Paulo Sales, L. Campos, T. A. Garcia, M. Valadares, F. Schimidt, M. F. Santiago","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.966","url":null,"abstract":"If not properly and efficiently treated, wastes produced by the chemical industry can contaminate the environment. Using fungi able to degrade organic compounds (e.g. phenol) seems to be a prominent method to treat pharmaceutical wastewaters, in particular, the white-rot fungus. The aim of this work was to treat pharmaceutical effluent by the Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus. Three effluent samples were collected in a pharmaceutical industry. The production of enzymes such as laccase and manganese peroxidase was determined. Their production increased throughout the treatment with the P. sanguineus fungus, reaching maximum concentration of 4.48 U.mL-1 (Effluent 1), 8.16 U.mL-1 (Effluent 2), 2.8 U.mL-1 (Effluent 3) and 0.03 Abs.min-1 (Effluent 2), respectively, during 96 hours of biological treatment. Genotoxic effects of the raw and treated effluents were also investigated using the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay. Results showed the biological treatment reduced the frequency of MN, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to untreated sample. The decreasing of around 20% and 45% of phenolics concentration was observed throughout the treatment, confirming that laccase production can be related to the degradation of toxic compounds present in the effluent. Therefore, the biodegradation by the P. sanguineus fungus seems a promising method for the mineralization of recalcitrant compounds present in pharmaceutical effluents.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Lucas Subtil, José Carlos Mierzwa, J. Ortiz
This study aimed to evaluate if in the case of the Santos Submarine Outfall (SSO) there was any environmental benefits relative to potential eutrophication if instead of the primary treatment a CEPT, ST-AS or a TT- ASNR was used. The environmental impact of wastewater discharge through the SSO with an average flow of 5,3 m3.s-1 was evaluated using an eutrophication numerical model which solves the two-dimensional vertically integrated hydrodynamic and transport equation. Wastewater mixing conditions in the near field plume was evaluated using the software CORMIX, and the results were coupled to a far-field model considering the conservation of mass flow. The results demonstrate that the use of a secondary treatment with partial ammonia oxidation promotes a reduction of only 30% in the chlorophyll-a, while the use of a CEPT with phosphate removal promotes a better environmental response, resulting in chlorophyll-a concentration reduction of 69%, similar results were obtained when tertiary treatment was considered for nitrogen and phosphorus removals.
{"title":"Influência do nível de tratamento de esgoto na qualidade da água do mar na região de lançamento do Emissário Submarino de Santos","authors":"Eduardo Lucas Subtil, José Carlos Mierzwa, J. Ortiz","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.975","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate if in the case of the Santos Submarine Outfall (SSO) there was any environmental benefits relative to potential eutrophication if instead of the primary treatment a CEPT, ST-AS or a TT- ASNR was used. The environmental impact of wastewater discharge through the SSO with an average flow of 5,3 m3.s-1 was evaluated using an eutrophication numerical model which solves the two-dimensional vertically integrated hydrodynamic and transport equation. Wastewater mixing conditions in the near field plume was evaluated using the software CORMIX, and the results were coupled to a far-field model considering the conservation of mass flow. The results demonstrate that the use of a secondary treatment with partial ammonia oxidation promotes a reduction of only 30% in the chlorophyll-a, while the use of a CEPT with phosphate removal promotes a better environmental response, resulting in chlorophyll-a concentration reduction of 69%, similar results were obtained when tertiary treatment was considered for nitrogen and phosphorus removals.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"72-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oyaro Nathan, Kimenyu Phylis Njeri, Okong'o Eric Rang'ondi, Chacha Joseph Sarima
Waste-water from domestic use and from industrial effluent burden the water systems with high levels of heavy metal hence there is need to remove these heavy metals so that the waste water can be recycled for use for household or irrigation. The present study has screened Zea mays (maize), Commelina bengelensis (wondering jew), Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and Amaranthus hybridus (amaranthus) for their ability to bioaccumulate Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn metals. The results obtained show that the H. annuus and C. bengelensis plant have promising potential for removal of Pb, Cu and Cd from wastewater though their ability to remove Zn from contaminated solutions is not much different from that of Z. mays and A. hybridus.
{"title":"The potential of Zea mays, Commelina bengelensis, Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus hybridus for phytoremediation of waste water","authors":"Oyaro Nathan, Kimenyu Phylis Njeri, Okong'o Eric Rang'ondi, Chacha Joseph Sarima","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.684","url":null,"abstract":"Waste-water from domestic use and from industrial effluent burden the water systems with high levels of heavy metal hence there is need to remove these heavy metals so that the waste water can be recycled for use for household or irrigation. The present study has screened Zea mays (maize), Commelina bengelensis (wondering jew), Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and Amaranthus hybridus (amaranthus) for their ability to bioaccumulate Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn metals. The results obtained show that the H. annuus and C. bengelensis plant have promising potential for removal of Pb, Cu and Cd from wastewater though their ability to remove Zn from contaminated solutions is not much different from that of Z. mays and A. hybridus.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"27 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70667765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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