Birhanu Hadush, E. Kebede, D. Meresa, Mekonnen Gebrekrustos Haftu
Antihelmintic resistance is a genetic change in the ability of an individual parasite to survive the recommended therapeutic dose which is caused by factors like under-dosing, frequent drug exposures at short intervals, continuous use of drugs with a similar mode of action and treatment when parasites have small refugee. The objective of this review article is to fill the gap of knowledge on methods of detection against antihelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants by using different approaches like: In vivo (fecal egg count reduction test, controlled efficacy test), in vitro (egg hatch assay, larval paralysis, larval motility assays, larval development assay, adult development assay, larval feeding inhibition assay, biochemical assays) and molecular assays (PCR assays). Their main comparison between in vivo and in vitro tests are, in vivo tests do involve slaughtering the animals for the test, sensibility, specify, reputability and easiness to develop. The molecular and genetic probes capable of determining individual susceptibility and complimentary use of some of them along with their use on a suspect would allow for an increase of sensitivity were finally recommended.
{"title":"Review on anthelmintic resistances and its detection method on gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants","authors":"Birhanu Hadush, E. Kebede, D. Meresa, Mekonnen Gebrekrustos Haftu","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.181","url":null,"abstract":"Antihelmintic resistance is a genetic change in the ability of an individual parasite to survive the recommended therapeutic dose which is caused by factors like under-dosing, frequent drug exposures at short intervals, continuous use of drugs with a similar mode of action and treatment when parasites have small refugee. The objective of this review article is to fill the gap of knowledge on methods of detection against antihelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants by using different approaches like: In vivo (fecal egg count reduction test, controlled efficacy test), in vitro (egg hatch assay, larval paralysis, larval motility assays, larval development assay, adult development assay, larval feeding inhibition assay, biochemical assays) and molecular assays (PCR assays). Their main comparison between in vivo and in vitro tests are, in vivo tests do involve slaughtering the animals for the test, sensibility, specify, reputability and easiness to develop. The molecular and genetic probes capable of determining individual susceptibility and complimentary use of some of them along with their use on a suspect would allow for an increase of sensitivity were finally recommended.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124771202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Donkeys belong to the equine family that are generally considered as the beast of burden and have helped mankind from way back in the ancient Greek history. They are considered resilient species especially in semi-arid areas where infrastructure is poor and other animals do not do well. They are used for various functions including farm tillage, transportation of farm products, water, firewood and recreational activities that contribute immensely to agricultural economy and availability of resources to families especially those who are poverty stricken. However, despite the significant contribution of donkeys in rural agriculture system, they have been subjected to several challenges including poor husbandry practices, overworking/overloading, limited veterinary care and general negative attitudes toward this species. Since these animals are in close contact with humans, any zoonotic disease occurrence could pose a health risk. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the documented zoonotic diseases affecting donkeys and describe the possible ways on how such diseases can be transmitted to other animals and humans. From this review, most studies have been carried on parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases affecting donkeys with less emphasis on other zoonoses. Hydatidosis and toxoplasma infections are the two conditions where their zoonotic potentials have been studied more compared to the rest parasitic zoonoses. Whereas for bacterial zoonoses, brucellosis, leptospirosis and salmonellosis have been researched more in equine than other potential bacterial pathogens. However, rabies and Equine encephalomyelitis viral infection have been reported more in donkeys than any other viral zoonoses. Africa, Europe and Asia are the three continents with the highest number of publications on donkey zoonoses. Therefore, proper understanding of equine pathogens with potential to cause infections in humans is necessary so that the communities who keep these animals are educated on the prevention and control measures to reduce possible human infections.
{"title":"A review of zoonotic pathogens of donkeys (Equus asinus)","authors":"Evalyne Chepkirui, Wyckliff Ngetich","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.175","url":null,"abstract":": Donkeys belong to the equine family that are generally considered as the beast of burden and have helped mankind from way back in the ancient Greek history. They are considered resilient species especially in semi-arid areas where infrastructure is poor and other animals do not do well. They are used for various functions including farm tillage, transportation of farm products, water, firewood and recreational activities that contribute immensely to agricultural economy and availability of resources to families especially those who are poverty stricken. However, despite the significant contribution of donkeys in rural agriculture system, they have been subjected to several challenges including poor husbandry practices, overworking/overloading, limited veterinary care and general negative attitudes toward this species. Since these animals are in close contact with humans, any zoonotic disease occurrence could pose a health risk. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the documented zoonotic diseases affecting donkeys and describe the possible ways on how such diseases can be transmitted to other animals and humans. From this review, most studies have been carried on parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases affecting donkeys with less emphasis on other zoonoses. Hydatidosis and toxoplasma infections are the two conditions where their zoonotic potentials have been studied more compared to the rest parasitic zoonoses. Whereas for bacterial zoonoses, brucellosis, leptospirosis and salmonellosis have been researched more in equine than other potential bacterial pathogens. However, rabies and Equine encephalomyelitis viral infection have been reported more in donkeys than any other viral zoonoses. Africa, Europe and Asia are the three continents with the highest number of publications on donkey zoonoses. Therefore, proper understanding of equine pathogens with potential to cause infections in humans is necessary so that the communities who keep these animals are educated on the prevention and control measures to reduce possible human infections.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133371874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to determine the state of fetal preparedness to terrestrial life by studying the heart and lung of the red Sokoto goat fetus and to establish approximate fetal survival age. In this study, the cardiopulmonary status of fifty (50) red Sokoto goat fetuses recovered post slaughter were assessed. Grossly, the heart in 6 to 7 weeks old fetuses showed external divisions of the paraconal and subsinosal interventricular grooves, great vessels at the base and pointed apex. The full lobations of the lungs were identifiable. Microscopically, the cardiac fibers are arranged in a branching fashion with centrally located nuclei and large perimysial spaces. The alveolar cells were emerging with establishment of the apparatus. By 14 to 15 weeks of age, the alveoli cells were well established with well developed respiratory bronchioles. Similarly, cardiac fibers were developed with recognizable cross striation and greatly reduce perimysial spaces. Both the macroscopic and microscopic findings on the fetal heart and lungs of a day-old kid were similar to the findings observed on 14 to 15 weeks old fetuses. This therefore suggests that, in the event of a premature kidding at 14 to 15 weeks of gestation, the red Sokoto goat fetus could cope with extra uterine life, with adequate veterinary care.
{"title":"Gross and microscopic assessment of pre-paturent heart and lungs of the red Sokoto goat","authors":"S. Atabo, A. Umar","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.186","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the state of fetal preparedness to terrestrial life by studying the heart and lung of the red Sokoto goat fetus and to establish approximate fetal survival age. In this study, the cardiopulmonary status of fifty (50) red Sokoto goat fetuses recovered post slaughter were assessed. Grossly, the heart in 6 to 7 weeks old fetuses showed external divisions of the paraconal and subsinosal interventricular grooves, great vessels at the base and pointed apex. The full lobations of the lungs were identifiable. Microscopically, the cardiac fibers are arranged in a branching fashion with centrally located nuclei and large perimysial spaces. The alveolar cells were emerging with establishment of the apparatus. By 14 to 15 weeks of age, the alveoli cells were well established with well developed respiratory bronchioles. Similarly, cardiac fibers were developed with recognizable cross striation and greatly reduce perimysial spaces. Both the macroscopic and microscopic findings on the fetal heart and lungs of a day-old kid were similar to the findings observed on 14 to 15 weeks old fetuses. This therefore suggests that, in the event of a premature kidding at 14 to 15 weeks of gestation, the red Sokoto goat fetus could cope with extra uterine life, with adequate veterinary care.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126027980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation was carried out to find the effect of seasons on milk production and composition in indigenous Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir cows maintained under the intensive management practices at the institute livestock farm. Fifteen lactating cows of Tharparkar (TP), Sahiwal (SW) and Gir breed were selected in early lactation. The experiment was conducted for a period of 10 months and the seasons were categorized as hot-humid, hot-dry, autumn and winter season. Blood and milk samples collected at fortnightly intervals were analysed for minerals and plasma hormones. Physiological responses-respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR) and rectal temperatures (RT) were recorded. The results showed that the milk fat, solid not fat SNF and urea levels were higher in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir cows (p<0.01), however, protein % was lower (p<0.01) in TP cows. Milk Mg, Ca and Na levels were lower in hot-humid season than in winter season (p<0.05) in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir. Plasma cortisol level was higher and aldosterone level was lower in hot-humid and hot-dry season in all the breeds of cows (p<0.05) than the values observed in winter season. TP cows were found to have higher aldosterone level as compared to SW and Gir cows in all the seasons. The cows response to ambient temperature in terms of RR, RT and PR was higher in hot-humid season and lowest in winter season (p< 0.01) in all the breeds, however changes in RT were of less magnitude in TP cows than SW and Gir cows in hot-hot humid season. It was concluded that TP cows have higher plasma aldosterone, milk urea and sodium levels and less diurnal variation in RT, PR and RR in comparison to SW and Gir cows in hot-dry and hot humid season which makes TP cows more heat tolerant than SW and Gir.
{"title":"Effect of seasons on physiological responses, milk production and composition in Indigenous cows","authors":"R. Sharma, A. Aggarwal, Mahendra Singh, S. Maurya","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.176","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to find the effect of seasons on milk production and composition in indigenous Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir cows maintained under the intensive management practices at the institute livestock farm. Fifteen lactating cows of Tharparkar (TP), Sahiwal (SW) and Gir breed were selected in early lactation. The experiment was conducted for a period of 10 months and the seasons were categorized as hot-humid, hot-dry, autumn and winter season. Blood and milk samples collected at fortnightly intervals were analysed for minerals and plasma hormones. Physiological responses-respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR) and rectal temperatures (RT) were recorded. The results showed that the milk fat, solid not fat SNF and urea levels were higher in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir cows (p<0.01), however, protein % was lower (p<0.01) in TP cows. Milk Mg, Ca and Na levels were lower in hot-humid season than in winter season (p<0.05) in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir. Plasma cortisol level was higher and aldosterone level was lower in hot-humid and hot-dry season in all the breeds of cows (p<0.05) than the values observed in winter season. TP cows were found to have higher aldosterone level as compared to SW and Gir cows in all the seasons. The cows response to ambient temperature in terms of RR, RT and PR was higher in hot-humid season and lowest in winter season (p< 0.01) in all the breeds, however changes in RT were of less magnitude in TP cows than SW and Gir cows in hot-hot humid season. It was concluded that TP cows have higher plasma aldosterone, milk urea and sodium levels and less diurnal variation in RT, PR and RR in comparison to SW and Gir cows in hot-dry and hot humid season which makes TP cows more heat tolerant than SW and Gir.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116922724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The nutrient content and in vitro digestibilty of rejected red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) from three different origin locations (regions), Alor, Ambon, and Rote was studied. Rejected seaweed Eucheuma cottoni was obtained from an agar factory located in west kupang subdistrict, Kupang regency, NTT province, Indonesia. Proximate analysis, fiber analysis (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, silica), mineral analysis (Ca, Mg, Fe, and S) as well as in vitro digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and lignin) had been studied. Seaweed’s growth location influenced chemical composition and digestibility. In vitro digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and lignin of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon was higher (p<0.01) than that of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Alor and Rote. Crude protein and nitrogen free extract content of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon were also high compared with that of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Alor and Rote. It is concluded that rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon is better to be used as carbohydrate source feed in calf starter.
{"title":"Nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of rejected red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) from different origin","authors":"I. Jelantik, Jalaludin, T. T. Nikolaus, I. Benu","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.171","url":null,"abstract":": The nutrient content and in vitro digestibilty of rejected red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) from three different origin locations (regions), Alor, Ambon, and Rote was studied. Rejected seaweed Eucheuma cottoni was obtained from an agar factory located in west kupang subdistrict, Kupang regency, NTT province, Indonesia. Proximate analysis, fiber analysis (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, silica), mineral analysis (Ca, Mg, Fe, and S) as well as in vitro digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and lignin) had been studied. Seaweed’s growth location influenced chemical composition and digestibility. In vitro digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and lignin of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon was higher (p<0.01) than that of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Alor and Rote. Crude protein and nitrogen free extract content of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon were also high compared with that of rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Alor and Rote. It is concluded that rejected Eucheuma cottoni from Ambon is better to be used as carbohydrate source feed in calf starter.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127281230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was carried out to measure nutrients utilize by goats fed concentrate containig varying levels of Muntingia clabura L. as maize substitute. This research was conducted based on Double Latin Square 4 x 4 eight female Kacang goats. Four treatments and four periods used as replications. The treatments are MC0 = concentrate 100% of maize mills without the flour of Muntingia calabura L. leaves; MC20 = concentrate with 20% Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute; MC40 = concentrate with 40% of Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute and MC60 = concentrate with 60% of Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute. All data are tabulated and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where the influence of the treatments was recorded, Least Quare was utilized using SPSS software, version 23 for windows. The result shows that the average dry matter consumption increases with an increase in the levels of Muntingia calabura L. leaves as maize substitute but the treatments have no significant influence (p>0.05). On the contrary, the value of NFE consumption tends to decrease, but it has no significant influence. However, the consumption of other nutrients, mainly crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat increases significantly. The increasing of these nutrients is not followed by the increasing of digestibility values, since values of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat decreases. Actually, there is an increase of rumen fermentation condition as indicated by concentrations of total VFA, rumen NH3, and propionate acid although it has no significant influence, statistically. In conclusion, the leaves of Muntingia calabura L. can be used as a component of concentrate formulation as maize substitute up to 40% inclusion level.
{"title":"Nutrients using in goats fed concentrate consist of vary levels of Muntingia Calabura L leaves as maize substitution","authors":"G. A. Y. Lestari, I. Benu, M. M. Kleden","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.170","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out to measure nutrients utilize by goats fed concentrate containig varying levels of Muntingia clabura L. as maize substitute. This research was conducted based on Double Latin Square 4 x 4 eight female Kacang goats. Four treatments and four periods used as replications. The treatments are MC0 = concentrate 100% of maize mills without the flour of Muntingia calabura L. leaves; MC20 = concentrate with 20% Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute; MC40 = concentrate with 40% of Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute and MC60 = concentrate with 60% of Muntingia calabura L. leaves flour as maize substitute. All data are tabulated and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where the influence of the treatments was recorded, Least Quare was utilized using SPSS software, version 23 for windows. The result shows that the average dry matter consumption increases with an increase in the levels of Muntingia calabura L. leaves as maize substitute but the treatments have no significant influence (p>0.05). On the contrary, the value of NFE consumption tends to decrease, but it has no significant influence. However, the consumption of other nutrients, mainly crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat increases significantly. The increasing of these nutrients is not followed by the increasing of digestibility values, since values of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat decreases. Actually, there is an increase of rumen fermentation condition as indicated by concentrations of total VFA, rumen NH3, and propionate acid although it has no significant influence, statistically. In conclusion, the leaves of Muntingia calabura L. can be used as a component of concentrate formulation as maize substitute up to 40% inclusion level.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124553505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses reared in Sokoto metropolis using the rapid-plate test, serum agglutination test and Competitive ELISA. A total of 347 horses were sampled comprising of 329 males and 9 females within the age range of 1 to above ten years. The serum samples were harvested and subjected to Rapid Plate Test, CompELISA and Serum Agglutination Test. Out of the 347 horses sampled, 48 were found to be positive for the Rapid Plate Test and CompELISA while 41 were positive for Serum Agglutination Test. Thus, an overall prevalence of 13.83% was realized. Also, 7 horses had antibody titre of 1:40, 12 had 1:60 titre, while 29 had 1:80. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies was highest in males (14.28%) compared to females (0%). The seroprevalence to brucella antibodies was found not to be statistically significantly associated with sex of the horses as observed in this study. Horses between the age of 6 to 10 years had a higher prevalence of Brucella antibodies 24 (16.32%) as compared to those 0 to 5 years 21 (12.5%) and those above ten years 3 (9.37%). Age was also not a significant factor for brucella antibody seropositivity (p = 0.588). This study indicates that Brucellosis is prevalent in horses in Sokoto. Hence, horse attendants and livestock reared together are at risk of contracting brucella infection
{"title":"Seroprevalence of brucella antibodies in horses in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"A. Junaidu, B. Garba","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.165","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses reared in Sokoto metropolis using the rapid-plate test, serum agglutination test and Competitive ELISA. A total of 347 horses were sampled comprising of 329 males and 9 females within the age range of 1 to above ten years. The serum samples were harvested and subjected to Rapid Plate Test, CompELISA and Serum Agglutination Test. Out of the 347 horses sampled, 48 were found to be positive for the Rapid Plate Test and CompELISA while 41 were positive for Serum Agglutination Test. Thus, an overall prevalence of 13.83% was realized. Also, 7 horses had antibody titre of 1:40, 12 had 1:60 titre, while 29 had 1:80. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies was highest in males (14.28%) compared to females (0%). The seroprevalence to brucella antibodies was found not to be statistically significantly associated with sex of the horses as observed in this study. Horses between the age of 6 to 10 years had a higher prevalence of Brucella antibodies 24 (16.32%) as compared to those 0 to 5 years 21 (12.5%) and those above ten years 3 (9.37%). Age was also not a significant factor for brucella antibody seropositivity (p = 0.588). This study indicates that Brucellosis is prevalent in horses in Sokoto. Hence, horse attendants and livestock reared together are at risk of contracting brucella infection","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted on productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and traits preference of smallholder farmers in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia for assessing productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and farmers traits preference in study area. The study was conducted in five selected districts (Madda Walabu, Delomena, Berbere, Ginnir and Sinana districts) of Bale zone, south east Ethiopia. For this study, a total of 390 household having indigenous chicken population were sampled using simple random sampling techniques. The collected data were coded and inserted on Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SAS software version 9.13. Growth rate and egg production traits are the first and second selection criteria preferred by farmers/pastoralists across study districts. Weight is the main trait preference by farmers/pastoralist both for male and female chicken across all study districts. The average age of indigenous cockerels and pullets at first mating and laying was 4.30 ± 0.1 and 4.50 ± 0.1 months, respectively. The number of clutches per hen and eggs per clutch and total eggs produced per hen per year were 4.0 ± 0.12, and 20.18 ± 0.66 eggs, respectively. The hatchability and survival rate of chicks were 76.25 and 74.35%, respectively. The result of study indicated that farmers/pastoralists in study area were practices different selection criteria and trait preference both for male and female chicken. Therefore, the study suggested that there is an opportunity for genetic improvement through selection and there is a need of in-depth breed characterization and the relationship of trait preference of farmers/pastoralists with economical values of the traits.
{"title":"Productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and traits preference of smallholder farmers in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Tareke, T. Abate, E. Tekletsadik, B. Assefa","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.166","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and traits preference of smallholder farmers in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia for assessing productive and reproductive performances of indigenous chicken population and farmers traits preference in study area. The study was conducted in five selected districts (Madda Walabu, Delomena, Berbere, Ginnir and Sinana districts) of Bale zone, south east Ethiopia. For this study, a total of 390 household having indigenous chicken population were sampled using simple random sampling techniques. The collected data were coded and inserted on Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SAS software version 9.13. Growth rate and egg production traits are the first and second selection criteria preferred by farmers/pastoralists across study districts. Weight is the main trait preference by farmers/pastoralist both for male and female chicken across all study districts. The average age of indigenous cockerels and pullets at first mating and laying was 4.30 ± 0.1 and 4.50 ± 0.1 months, respectively. The number of clutches per hen and eggs per clutch and total eggs produced per hen per year were 4.0 ± 0.12, and 20.18 ± 0.66 eggs, respectively. The hatchability and survival rate of chicks were 76.25 and 74.35%, respectively. The result of study indicated that farmers/pastoralists in study area were practices different selection criteria and trait preference both for male and female chicken. Therefore, the study suggested that there is an opportunity for genetic improvement through selection and there is a need of in-depth breed characterization and the relationship of trait preference of farmers/pastoralists with economical values of the traits.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to determine the potential adverse effects of variously-processed rubber seed meals on the reproductive performance, postnatal growth and offspring survival rate using the Sprague-Dawley laboratory rat as model for pigs. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley female rats with an average initial body weight of 154.0 g were randomly allotted into 6 groups designated as T1 control (no rubber seed meal), T2 raw rubber seed meal, T3 soaked rubber seed meal, T4 sundried rubber seed meal, T5 boiled rubber seed meal and T6 roasted rubber seed meal. The diets were prepared with various types of rubber seed meals incorporated at the level of 0 g kg-1 (control diet, T!) and 100 g kg-1 of each of the five rubber seed meal-containing diets. The study was conducted for 70 days and parameters studied included: feed intake, number of fertile females, pregnancy index, gestation length (length of pregnancy), number of pups born, number of pups born alive, live birth index and number of still births. Upon parturition (day 1), pups were individually counted, weighed and examined for external malformations. Other parameters evaluated were number of pubs weaned and mortality of pups. The inclusion of various types of rubber seed meals in the diets did not alter the general health of all the experimental rats. With the exception of rats on the T6 diet, all other rats recorded successful mating and pregnancies. There were no significant (p>0.05) difference in the gestation length (22 to 23 days) and all the pregnant rats delivered normally. No external malformations were observed in any of the pups delivered. No significant (p>0.05) differences in the maternal body weight (199.8 g), litter size (4.0 to 10), pup birth weight (4.88 to 7.07 g) and number of pups weaned (3.33 to 9.67) were observed. However, dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) influenced weaning weight (29.60 to 48.25 g) and post-natal mortality of pups, with those on the T1 (control) and the T4 diets having the highest mortalities of 2.67 and 2.33, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, up to 100 g of the raw and the variously-processed rubber seed meals could be included in 1 kg diets of laboratory rats without compromising on the health and reproductive performance in terms of reproductive toxicity or complications in pregnancy, delivery and other reproductive indices studied.
{"title":"Effect of variously-processed rubber seed meals on reproductive performance: The use of Sprague-Dawley laboratory rats as model for pigs","authors":"K. Mensah, M. Boateng, A. Donkoh, H. Farr","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.144","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the potential adverse effects of variously-processed rubber seed meals on the reproductive performance, postnatal growth and offspring survival rate using the Sprague-Dawley laboratory rat as model for pigs. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley female rats with an average initial body weight of 154.0 g were randomly allotted into 6 groups designated as T1 control (no rubber seed meal), T2 raw rubber seed meal, T3 soaked rubber seed meal, T4 sundried rubber seed meal, T5 boiled rubber seed meal and T6 roasted rubber seed meal. The diets were prepared with various types of rubber seed meals incorporated at the level of 0 g kg-1 (control diet, T!) and 100 g kg-1 of each of the five rubber seed meal-containing diets. The study was conducted for 70 days and parameters studied included: feed intake, number of fertile females, pregnancy index, gestation length (length of pregnancy), number of pups born, number of pups born alive, live birth index and number of still births. Upon parturition (day 1), pups were individually counted, weighed and examined for external malformations. Other parameters evaluated were number of pubs weaned and mortality of pups. The inclusion of various types of rubber seed meals in the diets did not alter the general health of all the experimental rats. With the exception of rats on the T6 diet, all other rats recorded successful mating and pregnancies. There were no significant (p>0.05) difference in the gestation length (22 to 23 days) and all the pregnant rats delivered normally. No external malformations were observed in any of the pups delivered. No significant (p>0.05) differences in the maternal body weight (199.8 g), litter size (4.0 to 10), pup birth weight (4.88 to 7.07 g) and number of pups weaned (3.33 to 9.67) were observed. However, dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) influenced weaning weight (29.60 to 48.25 g) and post-natal mortality of pups, with those on the T1 (control) and the T4 diets having the highest mortalities of 2.67 and 2.33, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, up to 100 g of the raw and the variously-processed rubber seed meals could be included in 1 kg diets of laboratory rats without compromising on the health and reproductive performance in terms of reproductive toxicity or complications in pregnancy, delivery and other reproductive indices studied.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131176884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. AtsandaN., B. AdamuN., O. TijjaniA., B. UsmanU., G. Adamus
Brucellosis is a bacterial contagious disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of genus Brucella. A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in flocks of goats in Maigana agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and the risk factors influencing the occurrence of Brucella specie in goats in Kaduna State. Total of four hundred (400) blood samples were tested for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Out of the 400 sera samples tested, 48 (12.0%) and 24 (6.0%) were seropositive by RBPT and cELISA respectively. Out of the 147 male goats tested, 10 (6.8%) and 6 (4.1%) were seropositive, while out of 253 female goats tested, 38 (15.0%) and 18 (7.1%) were seropositive using RBPT and cELISA. There was statistically significant association (p 0.05) between the sex of goats and cELISA. Based on age distribution, the seroprevalence 13.4 and 6.3% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in the age group 2 to 4 years. Based on breed distribution, the highest seroprevalence 13.4 and 8.1% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in Sokoto Red. There was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between the age and breed of goats with RBPT and cELISA. The study concludes that brucellosis is prevalent in the flocks of goat in the study area. The high seroprevalence of brucellosis is of economic and public health concern because the pastoralists regard goats’ milk to have exceptional medicine potentials. Therefore, brucellosis may be prevented via vaccination of domestic livestock, serologic testing, quarantine of herds, and slaughter of infected animals.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of brucellosis in flocks of goats in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"N. AtsandaN., B. AdamuN., O. TijjaniA., B. UsmanU., G. Adamus","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.158","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a bacterial contagious disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of genus Brucella. A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in flocks of goats in Maigana agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and the risk factors influencing the occurrence of Brucella specie in goats in Kaduna State. Total of four hundred (400) blood samples were tested for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Out of the 400 sera samples tested, 48 (12.0%) and 24 (6.0%) were seropositive by RBPT and cELISA respectively. Out of the 147 male goats tested, 10 (6.8%) and 6 (4.1%) were seropositive, while out of 253 female goats tested, 38 (15.0%) and 18 (7.1%) were seropositive using RBPT and cELISA. There was statistically significant association (p 0.05) between the sex of goats and cELISA. Based on age distribution, the seroprevalence 13.4 and 6.3% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in the age group 2 to 4 years. Based on breed distribution, the highest seroprevalence 13.4 and 8.1% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in Sokoto Red. There was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between the age and breed of goats with RBPT and cELISA. The study concludes that brucellosis is prevalent in the flocks of goat in the study area. The high seroprevalence of brucellosis is of economic and public health concern because the pastoralists regard goats’ milk to have exceptional medicine potentials. Therefore, brucellosis may be prevented via vaccination of domestic livestock, serologic testing, quarantine of herds, and slaughter of infected animals.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127197746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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