Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.23
J. Bizon-Górecka, J. Górecki
The article describes the roles of particular subjects involved in a construction project, taking into account risk factors related to decision making process. It was revealed that the construction process is located in the area of investment and construction projects, and therefore the risk factors of the construction project should be expected around the projects. Case studies (own research of authors – direct interviews) involving the risk problems of stakeholders involved in an-execution of the construction projects were presented. The risks and their mutual relationships were also described.
{"title":"Ryzyko przedsięwzięć budowlanych w perspektywie podmiotowej","authors":"J. Bizon-Górecka, J. Górecki","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the roles of particular subjects involved in a construction project, taking into account risk factors related to decision making process. It was revealed that the construction process is located in the area of investment and construction projects, and therefore the risk factors of the construction project should be expected around the projects. Case studies (own research of authors – direct interviews) involving the risk problems of stakeholders involved in an-execution of the construction projects were presented. The risks and their mutual relationships were also described.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.27
T. Kasprowicz, R. Wójcik
Construction project means the arrangement of the implementation of works as well as the erection, reconstruction, assemblage, repair or demolition of the construction object. Within the framework of the project, the life cycle of the construction object is investigated, the feasibility of project is analyzed, the construction object is designed and executed or renovated, or dismantled. In order to ensure a comprehensive analysis and its results, the construction project life cycle has been proposed. This cycle consists stages: feasibility study, designing, implementation, operation and maintenance of the construction object. In each stage are systematically carried out activities related to the implementation of part or whole of the object’s life cycle. This approach provides a comprehensive analysis of conditions, successful designing, implementation, operation and maintenance of the construction object.
{"title":"Analiza identyfikacyjna niestabilnych przedsięwzięć budowlanych","authors":"T. Kasprowicz, R. Wójcik","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Construction project means the arrangement of the implementation of works as well as the erection, reconstruction, assemblage, repair or demolition of the construction object. Within the framework of the project, the life cycle of the construction object is investigated, the feasibility of project is analyzed, the construction object is designed and executed or renovated, or dismantled. In order to ensure a comprehensive analysis and its results, the construction project life cycle has been proposed. This cycle consists stages: feasibility study, designing, implementation, operation and maintenance of the construction object. In each stage are systematically carried out activities related to the implementation of part or whole of the object’s life cycle. This approach provides a comprehensive analysis of conditions, successful designing, implementation, operation and maintenance of the construction object.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.20
R. Kruzel, P. Helbrych
Due to the need for making the thermal modernization of buildings of historical value, where the Conservation Officer often does not approve the thermal insulation of the building’s facade with a traditional method using expanded polystyrene (EPS), an innovative paint has been proposed to be used, which can substitute for an EPS layer for the thermal insulation of buildings where everything that is the most beautiful is often situated on the building’s external facade. The article analyzes two different thermal modernization methods: the traditional method and the one using an innovative thermal insulating paint. During selecting the material, the main aspects were: material strength and durability, workmanship, the execution cost of a sample project, and the behaviour of materials during operation. All advantages and disadvantages of either of the external wall thermal insulation technologies are indicated. Cost calculation figures for the project under consideration carried out using the above-mentioned technologies have also been examined. It has been found that the technology using the innovative thermal insulating paint is fairly expensive and the obtained coefficients of heat transfer through the partition are not competitive compared to the traditional method using expanded polystyrene. However, by using the innovative technology for historic buildings, we are able to improve the aesthetic appearance of the facade and, at the same time, the thermal properties of the partition during carrying out a single project, while not spoiling the historical look of the building.
{"title":"A technical and economic analysis of the thermal modernization of historic buildings using an innovative thermal insulating paint","authors":"R. Kruzel, P. Helbrych","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the need for making the thermal modernization of buildings of historical value, where the Conservation Officer often does not approve the thermal insulation of the building’s facade with a traditional method using expanded polystyrene (EPS), an innovative paint has been proposed to be used, which can substitute for an EPS layer for the thermal insulation of buildings where everything that is the most beautiful is often situated on the building’s external facade. The article analyzes two different thermal modernization methods: the traditional method and the one using an innovative thermal insulating paint. During selecting the material, the main aspects were: material strength and durability, workmanship, the execution cost of a sample project, and the behaviour of materials during operation. All advantages and disadvantages of either of the external wall thermal insulation technologies are indicated. Cost calculation figures for the project under consideration carried out using the above-mentioned technologies have also been examined. It has been found that the technology using the innovative thermal insulating paint is fairly expensive and the obtained coefficients of heat transfer through the partition are not competitive compared to the traditional method using expanded polystyrene. However, by using the innovative technology for historic buildings, we are able to improve the aesthetic appearance of the facade and, at the same time, the thermal properties of the partition during carrying out a single project, while not spoiling the historical look of the building.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48234424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.26
R. Marcinkowski
The article presents ways to search for the optimal composition of an assembly of machines/set of resources to perform a set of construction processes on separate work fronts, distinguishing the technological order of their execution and without distinguishing the technological order of execution. The method of approach to the problem is subordinated to the scheduling technique using cost estimates, in particular data on material inputs for the performance of work processes and unit costs of these outlays. In the optimization models, the cost and time criteria were used, providing fl exibility in the formulation of preferences by the planner.
{"title":"Optimizing the machine ensemble to perform construction tasks","authors":"R. Marcinkowski","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents ways to search for the optimal composition of an assembly of machines/set of resources to perform a set of construction processes on separate work fronts, distinguishing the technological order of their execution and without distinguishing the technological order of execution. The method of approach to the problem is subordinated to the scheduling technique using cost estimates, in particular data on material inputs for the performance of work processes and unit costs of these outlays. In the optimization models, the cost and time criteria were used, providing fl exibility in the formulation of preferences by the planner.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.28
J. Górecki
A construction project shapes the natural environment of human beings throughout its life cycle. Therefore, problems related to the ecological quality of the applied solutions require special interest. A method of solving these problems can be directly related to stakeholders involved in the projects. The role of a construction company in the context of decision making problems, and in particular its ecological responsibility, has become one of the fundamental elements of the genesis of this research. Linking ecological maturity of the stakeholders participating in the implementation of construction projects, and taking into account the environment friendly approach, related to the scarce resource management and the possibility of reducing their environmental impact, became the main goal of the article. The detailed objectives of the conducted research can be connected with promoting eco-friendly strategies among construction companies and increasing the awareness of construction entrepreneurs about the current EU requirements regarding the environmental issues of business. There is also a need for building ecological maturity of construction companies. Research conducted among the management staff of construction companies allowed to specify some factors of the ecological maturity in construction enterprise (EMCE) and their priorities.
{"title":"Hierarchical model of factors of ecological maturity of construction enterprises","authors":"J. Górecki","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"A construction project shapes the natural environment of human beings throughout its life cycle. Therefore, problems related to the ecological quality of the applied solutions require special interest. A method of solving these problems can be directly related to stakeholders involved in the projects. The role of a construction company in the context of decision making problems, and in particular its ecological responsibility, has become one of the fundamental elements of the genesis of this research. Linking ecological maturity of the stakeholders participating in the implementation of construction projects, and taking into account the environment friendly approach, related to the scarce resource management and the possibility of reducing their environmental impact, became the main goal of the article. The detailed objectives of the conducted research can be connected with promoting eco-friendly strategies among construction companies and increasing the awareness of construction entrepreneurs about the current EU requirements regarding the environmental issues of business. There is also a need for building ecological maturity of construction companies. Research conducted among the management staff of construction companies allowed to specify some factors of the ecological maturity in construction enterprise (EMCE) and their priorities.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.17
H. Anysz, W. Rogala
Based on catalogues, the time schedule of erecting multi-storey building has been prepared. Real current conditions and the average cost of the building allows for creating the model where four variables influence NPV and maximum cash demand of a contractor erecting the building. The simulation made in the spreadsheet is the base for calculating and presenting the sensitivity analysis of each variable separately, as well as, for creating the surface chart where the joint influence of terms of payments affects the maximum demand for cash. The way of using of this chart has been described aiming at the protection of the contractor from losing financial liquidity while the profi table project is executed.
{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of the contractor’s financial effects achieved on a single building site","authors":"H. Anysz, W. Rogala","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Based on catalogues, the time schedule of erecting multi-storey building has been prepared. Real current conditions and the average cost of the building allows for creating the model where four variables influence NPV and maximum cash demand of a contractor erecting the building. The simulation made in the spreadsheet is the base for calculating and presenting the sensitivity analysis of each variable separately, as well as, for creating the surface chart where the joint influence of terms of payments affects the maximum demand for cash. The way of using of this chart has been described aiming at the protection of the contractor from losing financial liquidity while the profi table project is executed.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.21
J. Harasymiuk, W. Drozd
Strategic environmental assessment constitutes the least explored in research kind of an environmental assessment in comparison to environmental impact assessment and habitat assessment. The introduction of a strategic assessment was to ensure the completeness of the assessment system of environmental impact in investment processes and to guarantee a consideration for the principle of caution in early stages of these processes. In the current legal situation, a strategic environmental assessment should anticipate a preparation of commune’s planning documents or making changes in such documents. In the case of local plans constituting minor changes of earlier-accepted documents, a strategic assessment is not made. As a result a strategic environmental assessment may be conducted in a limited scope in numerous communes. Additionally, a sketchy character and ambiguity of the regulations concerning strategic environmental assessments result in a lack of understanding for the necessity of conducting such assessments among investors and community. The aim of this article is to work out methods for strategic environmental assessment of the projects of local plans and to examine which methods of environmental impact assessment have been used in the prognoses of environmental impact, i.e. in the basic assessment documents. The research made shows that the quality of documents prepared for the need of strategic assessments is unsatisfactory in the aspects of methodology.
{"title":"Strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans in the light of own research","authors":"J. Harasymiuk, W. Drozd","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic environmental assessment constitutes the least explored in research kind of an environmental assessment in comparison to environmental impact assessment and habitat assessment. The introduction of a strategic assessment was to ensure the completeness of the assessment system of environmental impact in investment processes and to guarantee a consideration for the principle of caution in early stages of these processes. In the current legal situation, a strategic environmental assessment should anticipate a preparation of commune’s planning documents or making changes in such documents. In the case of local plans constituting minor changes of earlier-accepted documents, a strategic assessment is not made. As a result a strategic environmental assessment may be conducted in a limited scope in numerous communes. Additionally, a sketchy character and ambiguity of the regulations concerning strategic environmental assessments result in a lack of understanding for the necessity of conducting such assessments among investors and community. The aim of this article is to work out methods for strategic environmental assessment of the projects of local plans and to examine which methods of environmental impact assessment have been used in the prognoses of environmental impact, i.e. in the basic assessment documents. The research made shows that the quality of documents prepared for the need of strategic assessments is unsatisfactory in the aspects of methodology.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.29
A. Nicał, J. Nitka, J. Rosłon
The article presents a possibility analysis and evaluation of the implementation possibilities of the ambient assisted living concept for selected rooms, including sanitary cabins in panel building systems W-70, Szczeciński, and OWT-67. The genesis of the term “aging” society in Poland and the potential consequences that will result from this for the construction industry are also presented. Additionally, the requirements that should be met by sanitary rooms in the scope of assembly of standard devices adapted to the needs of elderly and disabled are also described. The assessment of the applicability of improvement solutions for the presented sanitary facilities equipment has included a gradual gradation of ratings, i.e. implementable, difficult-to-implement and unimplementable.
{"title":"Analiza możliwości wdrożenia wybranych koncepcji życia wspieranego przez otoczenie przy adaptacji pomieszczeń sanitarnych w wielkopłytowych systemach W-70, szczecińskim i OWT-67","authors":"A. Nicał, J. Nitka, J. Rosłon","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a possibility analysis and evaluation of the implementation possibilities of the ambient assisted living concept for selected rooms, including sanitary cabins in panel building systems W-70, Szczeciński, and OWT-67. The genesis of the term “aging” society in Poland and the potential consequences that will result from this for the construction industry are also presented. Additionally, the requirements that should be met by sanitary rooms in the scope of assembly of standard devices adapted to the needs of elderly and disabled are also described. The assessment of the applicability of improvement solutions for the presented sanitary facilities equipment has included a gradual gradation of ratings, i.e. implementable, difficult-to-implement and unimplementable.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24
M. Kalenik
The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages
{"title":"Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu","authors":"M. Kalenik","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.25
R. Dachowski, Katarzyna Gałek, L. Kamionka
In the time of environmental threats and energy crises, sustainable development has become the main strategy of high and medium-developed countries. In construction, unconventional buildings materials used for the construction of the walls, are increasingly widespread in the construction of small single-family houses. This paper aim is to obtaining an optimal unconventional wall building materials. The selection of an optimal solution follows using multi-criteria decision making methods. The optimal solution was a brick made of paper pulp. The conceptual design of a residential building was designed for the most advantageous solution.
{"title":"Niekonwencjonalne materiały budowlane w ujęciu biplotowym","authors":"R. Dachowski, Katarzyna Gałek, L. Kamionka","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"In the time of environmental threats and energy crises, sustainable development has become the main strategy of high and medium-developed countries. In construction, unconventional buildings materials used for the construction of the walls, are increasingly widespread in the construction of small single-family houses. This paper aim is to obtaining an optimal unconventional wall building materials. The selection of an optimal solution follows using multi-criteria decision making methods. The optimal solution was a brick made of paper pulp. The conceptual design of a residential building was designed for the most advantageous solution.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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