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Automated Testing Importance and Impact 自动化测试的重要性和影响
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532522
Joseph Bosas
History is filled with examples where software testing and adherence to Capability Maturity Model Integration may have prevented disaster. Consider just two past examples, the EDS Child Support System and the Ariane 5 Flight 501, where software error-related losses totaled approximately $16 billion, not including the loss of goodwill and the negative social impact. Honeywell manages the National Security Campus in Kansas City, MO and Albuquerque, NM, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration. The Kansas City National Security Campus provides technology solutions to national security challenges and is commissioned to increase the integrity of software developed. Honeywell is therefore beginning to utilize automated regression testing, not only to achieve cost savings (as compared to manual performance of tests) but also to push the envelope of traditional automated testing through an entire software diagnostics suite that includes the following: analysis of algorithmic time efficiency, percentage of code executed by tests, and automated capture/storage of testing reports for historical purposes.
历史上充满了这样的例子:软件测试和对能力成熟度模型集成的坚持可能阻止了灾难的发生。考虑一下过去的两个例子,EDS儿童支持系统和阿丽亚娜5号501航班,其中软件错误相关的损失总计约160亿美元,这还不包括商誉损失和负面的社会影响。霍尼韦尔为美国能源部国家核安全管理局管理位于密苏里州堪萨斯城和新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基的国家安全园区。堪萨斯城国家安全校园为国家安全挑战提供技术解决方案,并受委托提高开发软件的完整性。因此,霍尼韦尔开始利用自动化回归测试,不仅是为了节省成本(与手动测试性能相比),而且还通过完整的软件诊断套件突破了传统自动化测试的极限,该套件包括以下内容:算法时间效率分析、测试执行代码的百分比,以及出于历史目的自动捕获/存储测试报告。
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引用次数: 1
Model-Based Design Patterns for describing Test Station and Resource Capabilities 用于描述试验站和资源能力的基于模型的设计模式
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532514
C. Gorringe, I. Neag
The paper considers the various techniques and design patterns available for modelling test station and instrument capabilities, in terms of the resources they have available, the ports any signals would go through, and the test capabilities available at each port. These standard models are used in resource allocation algorithms, to automatically map test requirements to ATE resources, to identify exception reports (missing capabilities), etc. The paper considers modelling resource dependencies in IEEE 1671.2 ATML Instrument Description and IEEE 1671.6 ATML Test Station Description, proposing a set of simple modeling patterns that describe independent, alternative, and concurrent capabilities. The consistent use of these patterns produces ATML capability description that are easy to interpret and update, benefiting the long-term maintainability of the automatic test system.
本文考虑了各种技术和设计模式,可用于建模测试站和仪器的能力,根据他们有可用的资源,任何信号将通过的端口,以及在每个端口可用的测试能力。这些标准模型用于资源分配算法,自动将测试需求映射到ATE资源,识别异常报告(缺失的功能),等等。本文考虑了IEEE 1671.2 ATML仪器描述和IEEE 1671.6 ATML测试站描述中的资源依赖建模,提出了一套描述独立、可选和并发能力的简单建模模式。这些模式的一致使用产生了易于解释和更新的ATML功能描述,有利于自动测试系统的长期可维护性。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting Multiple Runtime Engines on a Common and Scalable Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Framework 在通用和可扩展的自动测试设备(ATE)框架上支持多个运行时引擎
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/autest.2018.8532523
S. Wegener
New Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) must be capable of supporting multiple runtime systems to be a cost effective solution across multiple military platforms. This paper will present a third generation ATE architecture capable of supporting legacy runtime systems, commercial off the shelf runtimes and a hybrid runtime system based on Microsoft's Visual Studio product line. The paper will touch on rapid development of an ATE system and the techniques to test the software layers exposed to test program developer. Presented will be trade-offs between cost, schedule and long term supportability based on the requirements for developing and sustaining test programs over a long period of time as generally required by military systems. Included is a discussion on graphical User Interfaces (UI) and the possibility of a generic UI for test development. The paper will cover a brief history of the how this third generation of ATE architecture is used to support current programs.
新的自动测试设备(ATE)必须能够支持多个运行时系统,从而成为跨多个军事平台的经济有效的解决方案。本文将介绍第三代ATE架构,它能够支持遗留的运行时系统、商业现成的运行时系统和基于微软Visual Studio产品线的混合运行时系统。本文将讨论ATE系统的快速开发以及测试程序开发人员所使用的软件层测试技术。根据军事系统长期开发和维持测试项目的要求,将在成本、进度和长期可保障性之间进行权衡。本文还讨论了图形用户界面(UI)和测试开发通用UI的可能性。本文将简要介绍第三代ATE架构是如何用于支持当前程序的。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative Multivariate Methods for State Estimation, Anomaly Detection, and Prognostics 状态估计、异常检测和预测的多变量替代方法
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532507
F. Szidarovszky, D. Goodman, Richard Thompson, H. Manhaeve
To secure operational readiness of components, equipment, subsystems and systems and to assure successful job completion, appropriate monitoring, inspection and preventive maintenance, repair and replacement strategies are needed. Such requires suitable sensors and measurement approaches serving continuous monitoring of key operational parameters, aiming at discovering anomalies and assessing degradation levels, State of Health (SoH) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of any critical component involved. Serving this purpose, multivariate methods are important tools to analyzing multiple data sequences, providing means to compare actual measurement data against data representing a healthy system and making qualified assessments, typically based on measuring the distance between the actual system and the healthy system. The Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) uses the least squares approach, the Auto-Associative Kernel Regression (AAKR) method uses the nonparametric Kernel estimation procedure, while the usage of the Mahalanobis distance is based on the covariance matrix of the different measured parameters. These methods are all based on specially selected distance definitions. In this paper, several extensions and variants of these procedures, yielding alternative measures, are introduced, analyzed and examined with focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Possible application areas are also outlined.
为了确保部件、设备、子系统和系统的运行就绪,并确保工作顺利完成,需要适当的监测、检查和预防性维护、修理和更换战略。这需要合适的传感器和测量方法,用于持续监测关键操作参数,旨在发现异常情况并评估任何关键部件的退化程度、健康状况和剩余使用寿命。为此,多变量方法是分析多个数据序列的重要工具,提供了将实际测量数据与代表健康系统的数据进行比较的手段,并做出合格的评估,通常基于测量实际系统与健康系统之间的距离。多变量状态估计技术(MSET)采用最小二乘方法,自关联核回归(AAKR)方法采用非参数核估计方法,而马氏距离的使用是基于不同测量参数的协方差矩阵。这些方法都是基于特殊选择的距离定义。本文介绍了这些方法的几种扩展和变体,并对其优缺点进行了重点分析和检验。还概述了可能的应用领域。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual Applications Reduce Cyber Attack Surface for Test Program Sets and Station Software 虚拟应用减少了测试程序集和工作站软件的网络攻击面
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532530
C. P. Heagney, L. J. Walker
The Department of Defense (DoD) spends significant amounts of money addressing software obsolescence and compatibility across the Enterprise. Cybersecurity concerns drive constant change in operating systems (OS), software, and hardware. Automated test systems are particularly impacted by these changes because Test Program Sets (TPS) are validated to detect specific faults, and then remain unchanged. To validate efficacy, faults are inserted into avionics to confirm the TPS correctly detects and isolates the fault. Many times faults are inserted to create circuit opens or shorts by unsoldering and lifting pins. This is a lengthy, costly process requiring expert engineers and technicians, access to the avionics, and risk to damage the good avionics in the process. Future changes to TPSs or station software increase uncertainty that previously detected faults will still be correctly isolated. A technical solution is needed to reduce cyber risk, while maintaining existing TPS and station software in a known good state. This research presents Virtual Applications as a solution with widespread applicability across the DoD, Industry, and Academia. Application virtualization is a process that packages computer programs and their dependencies from the underlying OS into a single executable bundle. Applications are then isolated from the host OS. In this paper, we present the latest virtual application development by the US Navy with specific examples from the Automated Test Equipment (ATE) community. Virtual Applications allow legacy software to continue functioning on modern hardware and operating systems, limit cyberattack surface of fielded systems, reduce total ownership cost, and reduce technical risk from changes to known good software.
国防部(DoD)花费了大量的资金来解决整个企业的软件过时和兼容性问题。网络安全问题促使操作系统(OS)、软件和硬件不断变化。自动化测试系统特别受到这些变化的影响,因为测试程序集(TPS)被验证以检测特定的错误,然后保持不变。为了验证其有效性,将故障插入到航电设备中,以确认TPS能够正确检测和隔离故障。很多时候,通过拆焊和提引脚插入故障,造成电路开路或短路。这是一个漫长而昂贵的过程,需要专业的工程师和技术人员,可以使用航空电子设备,并且在此过程中有损坏良好航空电子设备的风险。未来对tps或站点软件的更改增加了先前检测到的故障是否仍能正确隔离的不确定性。需要一种技术解决方案来降低网络风险,同时保持现有的TPS和站点软件处于已知的良好状态。该研究将虚拟应用作为一种广泛适用于国防部、工业界和学术界的解决方案。应用程序虚拟化是一个将计算机程序及其依赖关系从底层操作系统打包到单个可执行包中的过程。然后将应用程序与主机操作系统隔离开来。在本文中,我们通过自动化测试设备(ATE)社区的具体示例介绍了美国海军最新的虚拟应用开发。虚拟应用程序允许遗留软件在现代硬件和操作系统上继续运行,限制了现场系统的网络攻击面,降低了总拥有成本,并降低了对已知好的软件进行更改的技术风险。
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引用次数: 2
Boundary-scan, a cradle-to-grave test, programming and maintenance solution that stands the test of time 边界扫描,一个经得起时间考验的从摇篮到坟墓的测试、编程和维护解决方案
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532501
Peter van den Eijnden, A. Sparks
Since ratification by the IEEE in 1990, the 1149.1 standard, synonymous with boundary-scan and JTAG, has been relied upon heavily to address limited physical test access challenges in complex and highly dense electronic designs in industries ranging from, but not limited to, Industrial, Tele/DataComm, Automotive and Mil/Aero. Over the years the advancement of boundary-scan software and hardware and the evolution of JTAG-based standards have facilitated a vast range of test and in-system programming capabilities for use in prototype verification test, manufacturing/production test, system test and even test of systems in the field. This paper will examine the use of JTAG/boundary-scan throughout the lifecycle of a system from conception to end-of-life support, touching on topics such as Design-For-Test techniques for board-level and system-level test, integration of boundary-scan with existing ATE, with an emphasis on Intermediate-level and Depot-level test as well as a novel approach to perform remote boundary-scan test, diagnostics and reconfiguration.
自1990年IEEE批准以来,1149.1标准,即边界扫描和JTAG的代名词,在很大程度上依赖于解决复杂和高密度电子设计中有限的物理测试访问挑战,这些行业包括但不限于工业,电信/数据通信,汽车和Mil/Aero。多年来,边界扫描软件和硬件的进步以及基于jtag的标准的发展促进了广泛的测试和系统内编程能力,可用于原型验证测试,制造/生产测试,系统测试甚至现场系统测试。本文将研究JTAG/边界扫描在整个系统生命周期中的使用,从概念到生命周期结束支持,涉及诸如面向测试的设计技术用于板级和系统级测试,边界扫描与现有ATE的集成,重点是中级和仓库级测试,以及执行远程边界扫描测试,诊断和重新配置的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Execution of a Test Program like a Military Campaign 执行测试程序,如军事行动
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532503
Juan E Ramos, Vi T Weaver, Edward Ly
The test strategy developed for a program has many similarities to the development of a military strategy. Both need a strong central leader to drive decisions and maintain focus on the end goal. In the military, the commanding General defines and drives the military strategy; likewise, on a product development program, the Test Architect defines and drives the test strategy. Ultimately, the success of that program is decisively determined by the program test strategy robustness. The test strategy is a living document that defines all test activities across the product lifecycle required to meet a defined end-state. Consequently, the effective design verification and validation of a new product in the market is wholly dependent on the careful planning and execution of the test strategy. But what defines a good test strategy and how does that drive a successful test program? This paper discusses how test tenets, like a set of fundamental military principles of war, must first be defined as part of the test strategy. These tenets establish the rules for test program execution such that no matter how the test program may evolve, the tenets can never be broken, else additional cost and schedule occur. Additionally, test goals must be identified to constrain and bound the scope of the test program. Each test goal should have a set of key processes, or tactics as defined in the military vernacular, and associated metrics to drive the execution of the test strategy and provide status. Test strategy execution, from defining test tenets to identifying processes and metrics, drive successful test program execution and ensure that the delivered product is fully verified and validated. Establishing the test strategy early on in the product development lifecycle ensures that all the key stakeholders are aligned and remain focused on the outcome of the test program and guarantees successful delivery of the product to the and guarantees successful delivery of the product to the Customer.
为一个项目开发的测试策略与军事策略的开发有许多相似之处。两者都需要一个强有力的核心领导人来推动决策,并保持对最终目标的关注。在军事上,指挥将军定义和推动军事战略;同样,在产品开发计划中,测试架构师定义并驱动测试策略。最终,程序的成功是由程序测试策略的健壮性决定性地决定的。测试策略是一个活生生的文档,它定义了产品生命周期中满足定义的最终状态所需的所有测试活动。因此,市场上新产品的有效设计验证和确认完全依赖于测试策略的仔细计划和执行。但是什么定义了一个好的测试策略,它又如何驱动一个成功的测试项目呢?本文讨论了测试原则,就像一套基本的战争军事原则,必须首先定义为测试战略的一部分。这些原则建立了测试程序执行的规则,这样无论测试程序如何发展,这些原则都不能被打破,否则会产生额外的成本和进度。另外,必须确定测试目标,以约束和约束测试程序的范围。每个测试目标应该有一组关键的过程,或者在军事术语中定义的策略,以及相关的度量来驱动测试策略的执行并提供状态。测试策略执行,从定义测试原则到确定过程和度量,驱动成功的测试程序执行,并确保交付的产品被完全验证和确认。在产品开发生命周期的早期建立测试策略可以确保所有的关键涉众保持一致,并将注意力集中在测试程序的结果上,并保证成功地将产品交付给客户,并保证成功地将产品交付给客户。
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引用次数: 1
Automated Multi-Channel DC-Biased Burn-in Test System using Hall Effect Current Sensor 采用霍尔效应电流传感器的自动多通道直流偏置老化测试系统
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532525
Rıdvan Sürbahanli, Kağan Berk Tanaydin
This manuscript reports on a fast, accurate, and cost-effective current sensing technique for multi-channel DC-biased burn-in test systems. Hybrid microwave modules designed for military and space platforms must be undergone electrical burn-in and life tests according to the production-level military and space qualification standards. These tests require prolonged test durations on the order of hundreds of hours and multi-channel test setups along with the continuous current monitoring and recording for each device under test (DUT). Current monitoring for a single channel setup is quite straightforward. However, for multi-channel test scenario, using the conventional test methods with specific power supply for each DUT may lead to costly and bulky systems. Precision Hall-effect current sensor is a good alternative monitoring the current of DUTs using a common power supply. For such a current sensor, as the current flows through the copper conduction path, it creates a magnetic field that is sensed by the integrated Hall integrated circuit (IC) and converted into a linearly proportional voltage. To digitize the output voltage of the sensor, a precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with SPI or I2C communication interface is used. One advantage of using the Hall sensor structure for measuring the target current will result in minimal power loss due to the non-contact inductive detection. In addition to the utilization of Hall-effect current sensor, we implemented single-pole-single-throw (SPST) switch and fast acting fuse for each DUT line in order to protect the system, in case of an early failure in the DUTs. As a result, using the abovementioned configuration we conducted DC burn-in and life tests on various radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) high power hybrid modules.
本文报告了一种快速、准确、经济高效的多通道直流偏置老化测试系统电流传感技术。为军用和航天平台设计的混合微波模块必须按照生产级军用和航天资质标准进行电气老化和寿命试验。这些测试需要数百小时的测试持续时间和多通道测试设置,以及对每个被测设备(DUT)的连续电流监测和记录。单个通道设置的当前监控非常简单。然而,对于多通道测试场景,使用传统的测试方法为每个被测件提供特定的电源可能会导致系统成本高且体积大。精密霍尔效应电流传感器是使用普通电源监测被测设备电流的一个很好的替代方案。对于这样的电流传感器,当电流流过铜传导路径时,它会产生一个磁场,该磁场被集成霍尔集成电路(IC)感知并转换成线性比例的电压。为了实现传感器输出电压的数字化,采用了带SPI或I2C通信接口的精密模数转换器(ADC)。使用霍尔传感器结构测量目标电流的一个优点是,由于采用非接触式电感检测,功率损失最小。除了利用霍尔效应电流传感器外,我们还为每条被测线路实施了单极单掷(SPST)开关和快速保险丝,以便在被测设备早期故障时保护系统。因此,使用上述配置,我们对各种射频(RF)和微波(MW)大功率混合模块进行了直流老化和寿命测试。
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引用次数: 1
Data Collection for Disconnected Diagnostics in a Net-Centric Environment 以网络为中心的环境中断开连接诊断的数据收集
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2018.8532531
Josselyn Webb
An end-to-end, holistic approach to capturing diagnostic data for disconnected automatic test systems, as part of a global maintenance capability, is a challenge many maintenance organizations face today. This is especially true for the Marine Corp's Automatic Test Equipment Program (ATEP) supporting Ground Weapon Systems. These systems often operate under austere conditions, with little to no connectivity, making data collection by manual processes, at point of calibration, or during support representative site visits the only viable options. While the goal is to collect diagnostic data every thirty days, the reality is that in many cases data collection periodicity can exceed a year or more. A review of the data collected over the two year period of 2016 to 2017 indicates that less than half of all systems supported by ATEP report annually. Of those systems, there were some that showed evidence of loss of data due to a reset of the diagnostic history databases. This evidence, coupled with the growing importance of diagnostic data, make it imperative that we reduce the gap in reliable diagnostic data collection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of recent developments in areas of technical convergence to support more effective diagnostic data collection. The specific areas that will be demonstrated are the Marine Corp's integration of Boeing's Health Management System (HMS), whose evolution has undergone much growth in support of Joint efforts, and the Marine Corp's Electronic Maintenance Support System (EMSS). This infrastructure will be used to demonstrate the diagnostic data needs of the Ground Radio Maintenance Automatic Tests System (GRMATS). This paper will include descriptions of operational scenarios, prototypes and integration through a partnership between Marine Corp's ATEP, and Penn State's Systems Integration Lab (SIL). It is the goal of this paper to demonstrate an integrated, technical solution that shows the potential of recent capabilities. By combining recent advancements in maintenance support, the author seeks to demonstrate a prototype environment that meets the goal of an end-to-end diagnostic data solution that bridges the air-gap between disconnected automatic tests systems and the test support enterprise, exceeding previously unrealized goals of collection frequency.
作为全球维护能力的一部分,为断开连接的自动测试系统捕获诊断数据的端到端整体方法是当今许多维护组织面临的挑战。对于支持地面武器系统的海军陆战队自动测试设备项目(ATEP)来说尤其如此。这些系统通常在恶劣的条件下运行,几乎没有连接,因此通过手动过程、在校准点或在支持代表现场访问期间收集数据是唯一可行的选择。虽然目标是每30天收集一次诊断数据,但现实情况是,在许多情况下,数据收集周期可能超过一年或更长时间。对2016年至2017年两年间收集的数据的回顾表明,ATEP每年报告支持的所有系统中,只有不到一半。在这些系统中,有一些显示出由于重新设置诊断历史数据库而导致数据丢失的证据。这一证据,再加上诊断数据日益重要,使我们必须缩小在可靠诊断数据收集方面的差距。本研究的目的是调查技术融合领域的最新发展,以支持更有效的诊断数据收集。将演示的具体领域是海军陆战队对波音健康管理系统(HMS)的集成,该系统在支持联合努力方面经历了很大的发展,以及海军陆战队的电子维护支持系统(EMSS)。该基础设施将用于演示地面无线电维护自动测试系统(GRMATS)的诊断数据需求。该论文将包括通过海军陆战队ATEP和宾夕法尼亚州立大学系统集成实验室(SIL)之间的合作关系对作战场景、原型和集成的描述。本文的目标是演示一个集成的技术解决方案,它显示了最新功能的潜力。通过结合维护支持方面的最新进展,作者试图展示一个原型环境,该环境满足端到端诊断数据解决方案的目标,该解决方案在断开的自动测试系统和测试支持企业之间架起了桥梁,超越了以前未实现的收集频率目标。
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引用次数: 1
[Front matter] (前页)
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/autest.2018.8532538
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2018 IEEE AUTOTESTCON
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