{"title":"The expansion of offshore wind power in the North Sea: A strategic opportunity for the European Union","authors":"M. Cruciani","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-001001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45294383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we revisit the research question of how Indian economy reacted to the changes in the historical oil price. Data on aggregate variables such as real GDP, WPI, interest rate and money supply since 1996 to 2017 are used to estimate Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Structural Vector Auto-Regressive model (SVAR). Empirical results clearly show that oil price is negatively related to real GDP and at the same time, its effect on general inflation is not clear probably due to the massive subsidization of energy resources during the period of study and consequent cushioning of the inflationary effect of oil price shock. Results also show that in the short run, macroeconomic aggregates are mostly influenced by real factors than monetary factors. Result implies that policy makers must create adequate safeguards to ensure that ordinary citizens are not hurt from oil shock as India’s reliance on oil import is expected to increase in the future and also promote efficient use of energy resources.
{"title":"Revisiting the relationship between oil price and macro economy: Evidence from India","authors":"Rajesh H. Acharya, Anver C. Sadath","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-001008","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we revisit the research question of how Indian economy reacted to the changes in the historical oil price. Data on aggregate variables such as real GDP, WPI, interest rate and money supply since 1996 to 2017 are used to estimate Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Structural Vector Auto-Regressive model (SVAR). Empirical results clearly show that oil price is negatively related to real GDP and at the same time, its effect on general inflation is not clear probably due to the massive subsidization of energy resources during the period of study and consequent cushioning of the inflationary effect of oil price shock. Results also show that in the short run, macroeconomic aggregates are mostly influenced by real factors than monetary factors. Result implies that policy makers must create adequate safeguards to ensure that ordinary citizens are not hurt from oil shock as India’s reliance on oil import is expected to increase in the future and also promote efficient use of energy resources.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48203435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy efficiency has a growing importance both for developed and developing countries within OECD. This study investigates the energy efficiency levels for OECD countries for the 2010-2014 period via a slack-based, undesirable output model, a popular data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Efficiency analyses have been carried out with two sub-groups of OECD countries. Within the framework of the DEA analyses, the primary energy consumption, total number of employees and gross capital formation as inputs and CO2 emission and gross domestic product (GDP) as outputs have been selected. In further, a binary logistic regression method has also been applied so as to analyse the factors affecting the energy efficiencies of OECD countries. The effect levels of these factors have been determined by logistic regression analysis. Empirical analyses have shown that minimizing an undesirable output while maximizing desirable outputs for the energy has a crucial role for OECD countries in reducing environmental pollution and increase the competition capacity. Besides, logistic regression results have shown significant results for decision and policy makers in the energy sector. The results of this study show that OECD countries can achieve a good level of energy efficiency if they improve their economic activities by improving their environmental performance.
{"title":"Investigating the energy efficiencies of OECD countries via a slack-based undesirable output model","authors":"Fazil Gokgoz, Serap Pelin Turkoglu","doi":"10.3280/EFE2017-003005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-003005","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency has a growing importance both for developed and developing countries within OECD. This study investigates the energy efficiency levels for OECD countries for the 2010-2014 period via a slack-based, undesirable output model, a popular data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Efficiency analyses have been carried out with two sub-groups of OECD countries. Within the framework of the DEA analyses, the primary energy consumption, total number of employees and gross capital formation as inputs and CO2 emission and gross domestic product (GDP) as outputs have been selected. In further, a binary logistic regression method has also been applied so as to analyse the factors affecting the energy efficiencies of OECD countries. The effect levels of these factors have been determined by logistic regression analysis. Empirical analyses have shown that minimizing an undesirable output while maximizing desirable outputs for the energy has a crucial role for OECD countries in reducing environmental pollution and increase the competition capacity. Besides, logistic regression results have shown significant results for decision and policy makers in the energy sector. The results of this study show that OECD countries can achieve a good level of energy efficiency if they improve their economic activities by improving their environmental performance.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48204053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric cointegration and causality between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria","authors":"Mukhtar Danladi Galadima, Abubakar Wambai Aminu","doi":"10.3280/efe2017-003004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/efe2017-003004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work investigates on how EU Member States spend their income coming from allowance auctioning within the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). After a brief overview of the principles of an ETS, the analysis focused on the design of an auctioning system. Subsequently, the EU ETS has been taken as practical instance to disentangle the implementation of an auctioning system within a functioning emission scheme. After this, I took the data on auctioning revenues from the EIONET database and deployed a detailed description of each Member State’s spending pattern. Furthermore, I asked each Member State to provide some further information on revenues spending. What emerged is that, in some cases, the data in the EIONET seem to comply with what disclosed by Member States. Yet, those further information shed clearer light on the matter..
{"title":"EU ETS revenues and member states investment strategies","authors":"Marco Quatrosi","doi":"10.3280/efe2017-003003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/efe2017-003003","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates on how EU Member States spend their income coming from allowance auctioning within the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). After a brief overview of the principles of an ETS, the analysis focused on the design of an auctioning system. Subsequently, the EU ETS has been taken as practical instance to disentangle the implementation of an auctioning system within a functioning emission scheme. After this, I took the data on auctioning revenues from the EIONET database and deployed a detailed description of each Member State’s spending pattern. Furthermore, I asked each Member State to provide some further information on revenues spending. What emerged is that, in some cases, the data in the EIONET seem to comply with what disclosed by Member States. Yet, those further information shed clearer light on the matter..","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal aspects of the social cost of greenhouse gases (GHGs). I am particularly interested in the interaction between time of emissions, discountin ...
{"title":"The temporal aspects of the social cost of greenhouse gases","authors":"Disa Asplund","doi":"10.3280/EFE2017-003002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-003002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal aspects of the social cost of greenhouse gases (GHGs). I am particularly interested in the interaction between time of emissions, discountin ...","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nösperger, Christian du Tertre, D. Osso, F. Marteau
Many Energy Efficiency (EE) programmes have been undertaken in the name of Energy savings and with a view to efficiency-cost assessment. Energy savings targets had to be met. In this case, the relevant question was to find the least expensive way of achieving this when considering a merit order on which EE actions are ordered given a ratio expressed in €/saved MWh. Many energy suppliers have been involved in this programme in order to meet their EE obligations (e.g. in a white certificate scheme) or in the frame of territorial industrial challenge (undersized energy transport or distribution network for instance). Yet such EE local programmes could be carried out in the frame of self-financed and economically viable activity. However, relevant economic models based on a territorial and multi-partnership approach must be identified. This paper is based on the review of several EE regional programmes with the insight of the functional economic model in order to identify key success factors to the development of such economic models. Findings underlined the crucial importance of the consideration of specific local challenge - beyond energy aspects - when designing an EE scheme, for instance, the problems raised by an aging local population or by increasing fuel poverty. The ability to manage deep partnership with an approach focused on "functional sphere" instead of driven by a traditional sector-based vision is a key point. For instance a comprehensive intermediation activity (technical, financial and professional) is a key added value source to monetize and to convert into financial flow. It is also important to develop a long-term relevant assessment procedure beyond traditional measurable effects (energy savings) and which encompasses intangible effects. These findings should complete popular business-model tools so that this "functional sphere" based vision can be embodied in a more comprehensive, sustainability and territorial-based economic model canvas!
{"title":"Towards a territory-based economic model for regional energy efficiency programmes: Learning from past initiatives","authors":"S. Nösperger, Christian du Tertre, D. Osso, F. Marteau","doi":"10.3280/EFE2017-003006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-003006","url":null,"abstract":"Many Energy Efficiency (EE) programmes have been undertaken in the name of Energy savings and with a view to efficiency-cost assessment. Energy savings targets had to be met. In this case, the relevant question was to find the least expensive way of achieving this when considering a merit order on which EE actions are ordered given a ratio expressed in €/saved MWh. Many energy suppliers have been involved in this programme in order to meet their EE obligations (e.g. in a white certificate scheme) or in the frame of territorial industrial challenge (undersized energy transport or distribution network for instance). Yet such EE local programmes could be carried out in the frame of self-financed and economically viable activity. However, relevant economic models based on a territorial and multi-partnership approach must be identified. This paper is based on the review of several EE regional programmes with the insight of the functional economic model in order to identify key success factors to the development of such economic models. Findings underlined the crucial importance of the consideration of specific local challenge - beyond energy aspects - when designing an EE scheme, for instance, the problems raised by an aging local population or by increasing fuel poverty. The ability to manage deep partnership with an approach focused on \"functional sphere\" instead of driven by a traditional sector-based vision is a key point. For instance a comprehensive intermediation activity (technical, financial and professional) is a key added value source to monetize and to convert into financial flow. It is also important to develop a long-term relevant assessment procedure beyond traditional measurable effects (energy savings) and which encompasses intangible effects. These findings should complete popular business-model tools so that this \"functional sphere\" based vision can be embodied in a more comprehensive, sustainability and territorial-based economic model canvas!","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42345475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Paris Agreement has created a double bifurcation. First, from top-down approach (with an emission limit imposed from above) to a bottom-up approach based on national emissions reduction pledges. And second, from a mitigation-centered policy to a more balanced mitigation and adaptation efforts. The following work proposes, however, that further steps must be taken to bring the theme of development back to the center of the fight against climate change.
{"title":"Climate change: Back to development","authors":"M. Damian, L. D. Paoli","doi":"10.3280/EFE2017-003001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-003001","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Agreement has created a double bifurcation. First, from top-down approach (with an emission limit imposed from above) to a bottom-up approach based on national emissions reduction pledges. And second, from a mitigation-centered policy to a more balanced mitigation and adaptation efforts. The following work proposes, however, that further steps must be taken to bring the theme of development back to the center of the fight against climate change.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Signorelli, A. Odone, S. Capolongo, M. Buffoli, M. Tirani, Denis Grasso, E. Croci
Energy efficiency information campaigns are key to promote energy savings and reduction of air pollutants. The study’s aim is to assess the impact of an information campaign on heating systems maintenance implemented in a province of Northern Italy conducted developing ad hoc communication material, including posters, brochures, online advertising and media com-munication. Our analysis considered selected outcomes over the period 2008-2014. We report decreasing heating systems irregularities (from 52% to 31%; pL0.05), decreasing reported ‘lack of maintenance’ (from 23.3% to 12.2%; pL0.05), decreasing of other non-compliances (location: -62.5%, pL0.05, ventilation: -72.4%, pL0.05, among others) as well as decreasing fines to users (from 229/year to 137/year). These results support the hypothesis that campaigns to improve energy efficiency behavior could be considered as appropriate measures to promote and facilitate an efficient use of energy by small energy customers.
{"title":"Maintenance and efficiency of heating systems to reduce air pollution: evaluation of a community-based campaign to change energy behaviors in an Italian province","authors":"C. Signorelli, A. Odone, S. Capolongo, M. Buffoli, M. Tirani, Denis Grasso, E. Croci","doi":"10.3280/EFE2016-003008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2016-003008","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency information campaigns are key to promote energy savings and reduction of air pollutants. The study’s aim is to assess the impact of an information campaign on heating systems maintenance implemented in a province of Northern Italy conducted developing ad hoc communication material, including posters, brochures, online advertising and media com-munication. Our analysis considered selected outcomes over the period 2008-2014. We report decreasing heating systems irregularities (from 52% to 31%; pL0.05), decreasing reported ‘lack of maintenance’ (from 23.3% to 12.2%; pL0.05), decreasing of other non-compliances (location: -62.5%, pL0.05, ventilation: -72.4%, pL0.05, among others) as well as decreasing fines to users (from 229/year to 137/year). These results support the hypothesis that campaigns to improve energy efficiency behavior could be considered as appropriate measures to promote and facilitate an efficient use of energy by small energy customers.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":"2016 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46434220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the announcement on 1 June 2017 of the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump acted in accordance with his strategy of support for fossil energies. The withdrawal in no way facilitates the reorientation of federal energy policy, which will come up against many domestic barriers and economic laws. In the medium term, the risk is that through a contagion effect, other major fossil energy producers will turn away from the agreement, thereby increasing the number of free riders. On the other hand, this withdrawal could be the catalyst for renewed solidarity among the countries remaining in the agreement, leading variously to a rapid strengthening of monitoring and reporting rules, particularly in emerging countries; the extension of carbon pricing, promoted perhaps by a reinvigorated Europe determined to put an end to the disintegration of its CO2 trading system; and an increased financial effort to offset the likely drying up of US contributions. A paradox of history: this new American turnaround could possibly result in the correction of the weaknesses of an agreement based too exclusively on reliance on mutual trust and the goodwill of its parties.
{"title":"The Paris Agreement and the \"free rider\"","authors":"C. Perthuis","doi":"10.3280/EFE2016-003003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2016-003003","url":null,"abstract":"With the announcement on 1 June 2017 of the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump acted in accordance with his strategy of support for fossil energies. The withdrawal in no way facilitates the reorientation of federal energy policy, which will come up against many domestic barriers and economic laws. In the medium term, the risk is that through a contagion effect, other major fossil energy producers will turn away from the agreement, thereby increasing the number of free riders. On the other hand, this withdrawal could be the catalyst for renewed solidarity among the countries remaining in the agreement, leading variously to a rapid strengthening of monitoring and reporting rules, particularly in emerging countries; the extension of carbon pricing, promoted perhaps by a reinvigorated Europe determined to put an end to the disintegration of its CO2 trading system; and an increased financial effort to offset the likely drying up of US contributions. A paradox of history: this new American turnaround could possibly result in the correction of the weaknesses of an agreement based too exclusively on reliance on mutual trust and the goodwill of its parties.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70118237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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