The EU energy & climate policy requests from all Member States to submit a National Energy & Climate Plan (NECP) over the year 2019, to reach the aggregate goals of energy efficiency, renewable energy supplies and greenhouse gas emissions reductions by 2030. The complicated Belgian context is briefly described. Then the many comments on Belgium’s draft NECP are summarized and annotated. Commentators are the European Commission, various statutory advisory councils on energy and climate policies, NGOs, consultants, etc. The draft plan requires significant improvement for meeting the formal standards imposed by the EU framework. More problematic however are the doubts about the actual capability of Belgium to realize the paper & ink commitments. Delving into the draft NECP and the abundant comments created a growing insight that the bureaucratic NECP approach of the European Commission is obsolete and dysfunctional. For addressing the energy & climate challenges, urgent & drastic, i.e. disruptive transformation is requested. Hence, disruptive thinking, novel frameworks and approaches should prevail.
{"title":"Meta-review of Belgium's integrated National Energy and Climate draft Plan 2021-2030","authors":"E. Laes, A. Verbruggen","doi":"10.3280/efe2019-001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001004","url":null,"abstract":"The EU energy & climate policy requests from all Member States to submit a National Energy & Climate Plan (NECP) over the year 2019, to reach the aggregate goals of energy efficiency, renewable energy supplies and greenhouse gas emissions reductions by 2030. The complicated Belgian context is briefly described. Then the many comments on Belgium’s draft NECP are summarized and annotated. Commentators are the European Commission, various statutory advisory councils on energy and climate policies, NGOs, consultants, etc. The draft plan requires significant improvement for meeting the formal standards imposed by the EU framework. More problematic however are the doubts about the actual capability of Belgium to realize the paper & ink commitments. Delving into the draft NECP and the abundant comments created a growing insight that the bureaucratic NECP approach of the European Commission is obsolete and dysfunctional. For addressing the energy & climate challenges, urgent & drastic, i.e. disruptive transformation is requested. Hence, disruptive thinking, novel frameworks and approaches should prevail.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":"2019 1","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Spanish National Energy and Climate Plan","authors":"P. Linares","doi":"10.3280/efe2019-001010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"161-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48641687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the impact of social preferences on the individual incentives of participating in climate coalitions with laboratory experimental evidences. The theoretical result suggests that, when a player was inequality-neutral, a dominant strategy equilibrium could exist. However, individuals with social preference may lead a vacillated coalition formation. Joining or not joining depend on the player was critical or non-critical to an effective coalition respectively. The laboratory experimental result shows that players were inequality-averse and the coalition was usually larger than the equilibrium size but unstable. The inequality-averse attitudes have significantly positive impact on the incentives of participation. Particularly, when they are non-critical players, egalitarians are likely to give up the free riding benefit by joining a coalition. Our findings help to understand the climate coalition formation.
{"title":"How social preferences influence the stability of a climate coalition","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002008","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of social preferences on the individual incentives of participating in climate coalitions with laboratory experimental evidences. The theoretical result suggests that, when a player was inequality-neutral, a dominant strategy equilibrium could exist. However, individuals with social preference may lead a vacillated coalition formation. Joining or not joining depend on the player was critical or non-critical to an effective coalition respectively. The laboratory experimental result shows that players were inequality-averse and the coalition was usually larger than the equilibrium size but unstable. The inequality-averse attitudes have significantly positive impact on the incentives of participation. Particularly, when they are non-critical players, egalitarians are likely to give up the free riding benefit by joining a coalition. Our findings help to understand the climate coalition formation.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44452994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intermediaries and financial markets are increasingly paying attention towards a more environmentally sustainable economy. The sustainability of related actions go beyond the mere provision of monetary resources. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of green finance (GF), in order to understand which policies may foster the investment decisions the Italian biomass producers. Based on literature review supported by a survey administered to a pool of experts, our findings allowed the identification of potential policy pathways for the GF diffusion. Although GF is perceived as an opportunity for achieving environmentally sustainable innovation pathways, it does not actually prevent biomass producers from being "financially constrained" due to institutional and financial criticalities. Our results indicate that policy actions should be built considering the global attention on GF, the biomass sector conditions, the current policy frameworks and the firms internal and external barriers.
{"title":"Policy pathways for green finance in biomass production: The case of Italy","authors":"P. Falcone, E. Sica","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002007","url":null,"abstract":"Intermediaries and financial markets are increasingly paying attention towards a more environmentally sustainable economy. The sustainability of related actions go beyond the mere provision of monetary resources. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of green finance (GF), in order to understand which policies may foster the investment decisions the Italian biomass producers. Based on literature review supported by a survey administered to a pool of experts, our findings allowed the identification of potential policy pathways for the GF diffusion. Although GF is perceived as an opportunity for achieving environmentally sustainable innovation pathways, it does not actually prevent biomass producers from being \"financially constrained\" due to institutional and financial criticalities. Our results indicate that policy actions should be built considering the global attention on GF, the biomass sector conditions, the current policy frameworks and the firms internal and external barriers.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achievements and misses of the Indian national policy on biofuels 2009","authors":"S. Das","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49299063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landslides had been traditionally considered as an insignificant disaster is now a common occurrence in the hilly areas of Sri Lanka. The recent landslides have not only natural causes, but they are also due to factors related to the location of population settlements and their behavior. The demand for land in hilly areas has led to the use of marginal land, prone to landslides in unstable slopes. Control of landslides in upland areas requires an integrated approach and the issues in these areas need to be addressed in a comprehensive way by enforcing new policies and land management regulations, planning landslide risk reduction activities, improving early warning systems, improving community level landslide preparedness, developing monitoring and evaluation systems for monitoring the vulnerable slopes, and formulating necessary policies. In many areas, the risk-informed nature-based solutions and hybrid solutions can be effective in reducing the impacts of landslides. Therefore, the authors present a review of the existing Legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks for landslides mitigation and make recommendations to strengthen the existing development and agriculture related policies and to formulate suitable policies for NBSs for landslide management in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Policy Instruments for NBS to Landslide Risk Management in Urban Areas in the Hilly Areas of Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Dissanayake, F. Ranghieri","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002006","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides had been traditionally considered as an insignificant disaster is now a common occurrence in the hilly areas of Sri Lanka. The recent landslides have not only natural causes, but they are also due to factors related to the location of population settlements and their behavior. The demand for land in hilly areas has led to the use of marginal land, prone to landslides in unstable slopes. Control of landslides in upland areas requires an integrated approach and the issues in these areas need to be addressed in a comprehensive way by enforcing new policies and land management regulations, planning landslide risk reduction activities, improving early warning systems, improving community level landslide preparedness, developing monitoring and evaluation systems for monitoring the vulnerable slopes, and formulating necessary policies. In many areas, the risk-informed nature-based solutions and hybrid solutions can be effective in reducing the impacts of landslides. Therefore, the authors present a review of the existing Legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks for landslides mitigation and make recommendations to strengthen the existing development and agriculture related policies and to formulate suitable policies for NBSs for landslide management in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accounting for the ecosystem services generated by Nature-based Solutions to measure urban resilience. A methodological proposal","authors":"A. Notte","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43907008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a study on how the Product Environmental Footprint, a method launched by the European Commission to assess and communicate environmental impacts, can be used to foster and improve green marketing. Having carried out a PEF study on its products, Carlsberg Italia initiated an in-depth engagement with consumers, in order to understand their needs and expectations concerning the environmental information to be included in its advertising. This engagement revealed the positive attitude of consumers towards green claims. Indeed, the great majority of consumers that participated in the testing declared a strong interest in wanting to "know more" about the environmental impacts of the products they purchase. The use of an environmental label was considered positively by consumers, especially when the design was simple and clear and, therefore, effective in guiding purchasing choices.
{"title":"Green Marketing: How can a Product's Environmental Footprint be effectively communicated to consumers? A case study with Carlsberg beer","authors":"Fabio Iraldo","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study on how the Product Environmental Footprint, a method launched by the European Commission to assess and communicate environmental impacts, can be used to foster and improve green marketing. Having carried out a PEF study on its products, Carlsberg Italia initiated an in-depth engagement with consumers, in order to understand their needs and expectations concerning the environmental information to be included in its advertising. This engagement revealed the positive attitude of consumers towards green claims. Indeed, the great majority of consumers that participated in the testing declared a strong interest in wanting to \"know more\" about the environmental impacts of the products they purchase. The use of an environmental label was considered positively by consumers, especially when the design was simple and clear and, therefore, effective in guiding purchasing choices.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48363994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Miguel Asensio, Alessandro Fiorini, Juan Pablo Jiménez Navarro
The European Union (EU) is not only China’s biggest trading partner but also a crucial destination for Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI). During the past 15 years, Chinese FDI transactions have gained momentum, coinciding with the "Going Abroad", "Going Global" and "Belt and Road" strategies. During the post-financial crisis, the EU became the fastest growing destination for Chinese FDI triggered by a friendly investment environment and the undervaluation of forcefully privatized assets. Investments in the EU Low Carbon Energy Technologies (LCET) sector reflect a commercial and political strategy led by the Chinese government, promoting sustainable energy development as well as securing the privileged position of state-owned energy companies. Chinese state-backed companies account for a large share of FDI transactions LCET in the EU. The recently adopted "Made in China 2025" strategy gives grounds for expecting an increase in strategically motivated FDI. The increase in investment has fuelled the debate whether the EU possess sufficient policy instruments to protect national and supranational interests and to control FDI.
{"title":"Chinese foreign direct investments in the EU energy sector","authors":"José Miguel Asensio, Alessandro Fiorini, Juan Pablo Jiménez Navarro","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002011","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) is not only China’s biggest trading partner but also a crucial destination for Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI). During the past 15 years, Chinese FDI transactions have gained momentum, coinciding with the \"Going Abroad\", \"Going Global\" and \"Belt and Road\" strategies. During the post-financial crisis, the EU became the fastest growing destination for Chinese FDI triggered by a friendly investment environment and the undervaluation of forcefully privatized assets. Investments in the EU Low Carbon Energy Technologies (LCET) sector reflect a commercial and political strategy led by the Chinese government, promoting sustainable energy development as well as securing the privileged position of state-owned energy companies. Chinese state-backed companies account for a large share of FDI transactions LCET in the EU. The recently adopted \"Made in China 2025\" strategy gives grounds for expecting an increase in strategically motivated FDI. The increase in investment has fuelled the debate whether the EU possess sufficient policy instruments to protect national and supranational interests and to control FDI.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In urban areas, the elements of the natural environment providing multi-functional ecosystem services are referred to as green infrastructure, into the perspective of leisure, education, health and well-being, reconnection to biodiversity, cultural and heritage landscapes, resilience-building. Numerous tools have been developed to explore multiple benefits of green infrastructure, adapting methodologies and designing new frameworks, especially in the emerging research area of the landscape economy. The contribution focuses on the relevance of the socio-economic values of cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure, which are increasingly calling researchers, policy makers and practitioners’ attention from new perspectives, mirroring the needs and claims of the growing population of urban dwellers. The often-conflicting socio-economic implications of the urban green infrastructure are presented, introducing major findings of an extensive repository of international case studies. The conclusions suggest how a better understanding of urban green infrastructure’s economic values would enable decision makers to successfully engage in trade-off analysis, promoting dialogue among stakeholders, ultimately helping them identify strategies for improved governance.
{"title":"Economic valuation of urban green infrastructure. Principles and evidence","authors":"M. Andreucci","doi":"10.3280/EFE2018-002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2018-002004","url":null,"abstract":"In urban areas, the elements of the natural environment providing multi-functional ecosystem services are referred to as green infrastructure, into the perspective of leisure, education, health and well-being, reconnection to biodiversity, cultural and heritage landscapes, resilience-building. Numerous tools have been developed to explore multiple benefits of green infrastructure, adapting methodologies and designing new frameworks, especially in the emerging research area of the landscape economy. The contribution focuses on the relevance of the socio-economic values of cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure, which are increasingly calling researchers, policy makers and practitioners’ attention from new perspectives, mirroring the needs and claims of the growing population of urban dwellers. The often-conflicting socio-economic implications of the urban green infrastructure are presented, introducing major findings of an extensive repository of international case studies. The conclusions suggest how a better understanding of urban green infrastructure’s economic values would enable decision makers to successfully engage in trade-off analysis, promoting dialogue among stakeholders, ultimately helping them identify strategies for improved governance.","PeriodicalId":38445,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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