Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97583
N. E. Mustamu, Z. Nasution, Irvan Matseh, M. Sembiring
This study evaluated the influence of selected superior bacterial isolates (SBI), biogas sludge, and their interactions on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown in Ultisols. We used a randomized block design with two factors and seven replicates from October 2020 to April 2021. The first factor used selected SBI (B0 = untreated, B1 = nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolate (N3), B2 = phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate (P7), B3 = isolate combination (N3+P7)). The second factor was the dosage of biogas sludge (S0 = untreated, S1 = 157.5; S2 = 315; S3 = 630 ml/polybag). The parameters were determined by ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at Р<0.05. The results showed that the isolate P7 significantly increased the N uptake by 20.77% and crop growth rate (CGR) of upland rice 2.81 times. Biogas sludge doses from 315 to 630 ml/polybag significantly increased plant height, uptake of N and P, total fresh and dry weight, and CGR of upland rice. The interaction between N3 and biogas sludge dosage of 630 ml/polybag significantly increased the CGR of upland rice. The application of isolates N3 and P7 and their combination with biogas sludge of 630 ml/polybag has the potential to increase the CGR of upland rice in acidic soils.
{"title":"Effect of selected bacteria from biogas sludge on the growth and nutrition of upland rice","authors":"N. E. Mustamu, Z. Nasution, Irvan Matseh, M. Sembiring","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97583","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the influence of selected superior bacterial isolates (SBI), biogas sludge, and their interactions on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown in Ultisols. We used a randomized block design with two factors and seven replicates from October 2020 to April 2021. The first factor used selected SBI (B0 = untreated, B1 = nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolate (N3), B2 = phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate (P7), B3 = isolate combination (N3+P7)). The second factor was the dosage of biogas sludge (S0 = untreated, S1 = 157.5; S2 = 315; S3 = 630 ml/polybag). The parameters were determined by ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at Р<0.05. The results showed that the isolate P7 significantly increased the N uptake by 20.77% and crop growth rate (CGR) of upland rice 2.81 times. Biogas sludge doses from 315 to 630 ml/polybag significantly increased plant height, uptake of N and P, total fresh and dry weight, and CGR of upland rice. The interaction between N3 and biogas sludge dosage of 630 ml/polybag significantly increased the CGR of upland rice. The application of isolates N3 and P7 and their combination with biogas sludge of 630 ml/polybag has the potential to increase the CGR of upland rice in acidic soils.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95042
Anouschka Leonilda de Glint, Morgana Baptista Gimenes, A.L.V. Carmo, Vanessa Cury Galati, Alexsander Seleguini, Aluisio dos Santos Salustiano Gradella, Gabriel Pimenta do Nascimento, E. V. Van Cleef
The northeastern region of Brazil is responsible for 95% of the country’s total melon production and 97% of total exported melons. This is mainly due to the edaphoclimatic conditions and the technological packages employed in the country for fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topdressing potassium fertilizers associated or not with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™ on the physicochemical traits of cantaloupes. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with a 4×2 factorial arrangement (topdressing potassium nitrate [PN], potassium chloride [PC], potassium sulfate [PS] and Ekosil™ [EK], with or without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™). The evaluated traits in the fruits were: fresh mass (FM), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio (RA) and pigment contents (chlorophyll [CL] and carotenoids [CA]). No effect of treatments was observed on pH, CL, and CA (P>0.05). Interaction of sowing and topdressing fertilization was observed for the other variables (P<0.005). The FM was greater for PC and EK with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. Without Ekosil™, PS, PN and EK resulted in heavier fruits. The SS was greater for PS when using Ekosil™ and for PS and PC without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. The PC and PN resulted in greater TA, and the RA was greater for PS. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region, topdressing fertilization with potassium sulfate, without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™, resulted in heavier and sweeter cantaloupes.
巴西东北部地区的甜瓜产量占全国总量的95%，出口量占全国总量的97%。这主要是由于该国的气候条件和施肥战略所采用的成套技术。本研究的目的是评价与Ekosil™播肥配套或不配套追施钾肥对哈密瓜理化性状的影响。该研究采用随机完全区组设计，采用4×2因子排列(施施硝酸钾[PN]、氯化钾[PC]、硫酸钾[PS]和Ekosil™[EK]，施或不施Ekosil™施肥)。评价的果实性状为:鲜质量(FM)、可溶性固形物含量(SS)、可滴定酸度(TA)、SS/TA比(RA)和色素含量(叶绿素[CL]和类胡萝卜素[CA])。处理对pH、CL、CA无影响(P < 0.05)。播肥与追肥之间存在交互作用(P<0.005)。施用Ekosil™后，PC和EK的FM均较大。在不添加Ekosil™的情况下，PS、PN和EK的果实较重。使用Ekosil™时，PS的SS大于未施用Ekosil™的PS和PC。在Pontal do tringulo Mineiro地区的土壤气候条件下，施用硫酸钾而不施用Ekosil™，哈密瓜的果实更重、更甜。
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of cantaloupe fertilized with various potassium sources","authors":"Anouschka Leonilda de Glint, Morgana Baptista Gimenes, A.L.V. Carmo, Vanessa Cury Galati, Alexsander Seleguini, Aluisio dos Santos Salustiano Gradella, Gabriel Pimenta do Nascimento, E. V. Van Cleef","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95042","url":null,"abstract":"The northeastern region of Brazil is responsible for 95% of the country’s total melon production and 97% of total exported melons. This is mainly due to the edaphoclimatic conditions and the technological packages employed in the country for fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topdressing potassium fertilizers associated or not with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™ on the physicochemical traits of cantaloupes. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with a 4×2 factorial arrangement (topdressing potassium nitrate [PN], potassium chloride [PC], potassium sulfate [PS] and Ekosil™ [EK], with or without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™). The evaluated traits in the fruits were: fresh mass (FM), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio (RA) and pigment contents (chlorophyll [CL] and carotenoids [CA]). No effect of treatments was observed on pH, CL, and CA (P>0.05). Interaction of sowing and topdressing fertilization was observed for the other variables (P<0.005). The FM was greater for PC and EK with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. Without Ekosil™, PS, PN and EK resulted in heavier fruits. The SS was greater for PS when using Ekosil™ and for PS and PC without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. The PC and PN resulted in greater TA, and the RA was greater for PS. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region, topdressing fertilization with potassium sulfate, without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™, resulted in heavier and sweeter cantaloupes.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96469
Jadir Borges Pinheiro, Giovani Olegario da Silva, Amanda Gomes Macêdo, Jhenef Gomes de Jesus, Ludmila Raulino, Caroline Da Cruz Magalhães, D. Biscaia, Raphael Augusto De Castro e Melo, Patrícia Pereira da Silva, Warley Marcos Nascimento
The objective of this research was to evaluate the population dynamics of the nematodes Heterodera glycines race 5 and Pratylenchus brachyurus in a succession crop of soybeans and chickpeas. The experiment was carried out in Campos Novos dos Parecis, MT State, Brazil, from February to May 2017. Six chickpea cultivars were planted in February and evaluated in a naturally infested area of 60 ha. Five soil samples were collected at random in georeferenced and equidistant locations, forming a composite sample by replication. Five plants per georeferenced point and new soil samples were collected at regular intervals of about 30 d. The nematodes were extracted, identified, and counted. Data were subjected to variance and regression analyses. A reduction in the population levels of H. glycines race 5 was observed throughout the chickpea cycle, indicating that this species can be cultivated in succession with soybeans in the presence of this nematode. However, due to the maintenance in the population of P. brachyurus in the roots, rotation of soybean with chickpeas is not recommended in fields naturally infested with this nematode.
本研究旨在评价大豆和鹰嘴豆演替作物中甘氨酸异线虫5小种和短柄柄线虫的种群动态。该实验于2017年2月至5月在巴西MT州Campos Novos dos parrecis进行。在2月份种植了6个鹰嘴豆品种，并在60公顷的自然侵染面积上进行了评价。在地理参考和等距位置随机收集5个土壤样品，通过复制形成复合样品。每个地理参考点采集5株植物，每隔30 d定期采集新的土壤样品。提取、鉴定和计数线虫。数据进行方差和回归分析。在整个鹰嘴豆生长周期中，观察到甘氨酸H. 5小种的种群水平下降，表明该品种可以在该线虫存在的情况下与大豆一起连续栽培。然而，由于短叶线虫在根部的种群维持，在该线虫自然侵染的田地，不建议将大豆与鹰嘴豆轮作。
{"title":"Population dynamics of the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Pratylenchus brachyurus in a succession crop of soybean and chickpea","authors":"Jadir Borges Pinheiro, Giovani Olegario da Silva, Amanda Gomes Macêdo, Jhenef Gomes de Jesus, Ludmila Raulino, Caroline Da Cruz Magalhães, D. Biscaia, Raphael Augusto De Castro e Melo, Patrícia Pereira da Silva, Warley Marcos Nascimento","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96469","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate the population dynamics of the nematodes Heterodera glycines race 5 and Pratylenchus brachyurus in a succession crop of soybeans and chickpeas. The experiment was carried out in Campos Novos dos Parecis, MT State, Brazil, from February to May 2017. Six chickpea cultivars were planted in February and evaluated in a naturally infested area of 60 ha. Five soil samples were collected at random in georeferenced and equidistant locations, forming a composite sample by replication. Five plants per georeferenced point and new soil samples were collected at regular intervals of about 30 d. The nematodes were extracted, identified, and counted. Data were subjected to variance and regression analyses. A reduction in the population levels of H. glycines race 5 was observed throughout the chickpea cycle, indicating that this species can be cultivated in succession with soybeans in the presence of this nematode. However, due to the maintenance in the population of P. brachyurus in the roots, rotation of soybean with chickpeas is not recommended in fields naturally infested with this nematode.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97746
Amine Rkhaila, Mouhatti Saga, Sofia Ghizlan Grohs, K. Ounine
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive pathogens of vegetables causing very important economic losses. In 2019, 20 strains of R. solanacearum were collected from potato tubers in Morocco. After their identification, the inhibitory effect of colloidal solutions of chitin and/or chitosan was evaluated in vitro on a solid medium (Mueller Hinton) supplemented with these biopolymers. The concentrations (25, 50, or 100 mg L-1) contributed to significant inhibition of the growth of the isolated strains that led to an inhibition of 45.04% with the combination of chitin-chitosan (100 mg L-1), 58.92% with the addition of 100 mg L-1 of chitin, and 68.74% in the presence of chitosan at 25 mg L-1. Likewise, in experiments with Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings, chitin derivatives significantly promoted stem and root growth. Stem length increased by 54.95% when chitin was added at 25 mg L-1, while soil amendment with 100 mg L-1 of chitosan increased root length by 82.55% compared to the control. The severity of bacterial wilt due to R. solanacearum was reduced by 117.02% when we added 100 mg L-1 of chitosan to the soil. However, the severity of this disease decreased by 142.86% when the soil was amended with chitin at 50 mg L-1. These findings are consistent with prior research that suggests using this technique to manage bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
{"title":"In vitro inhibition attempts and bio-elicitation of Solanum lycopersicum L. by chitin and chitosan against Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt","authors":"Amine Rkhaila, Mouhatti Saga, Sofia Ghizlan Grohs, K. Ounine","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.97746","url":null,"abstract":"Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive pathogens of vegetables causing very important economic losses. In 2019, 20 strains of R. solanacearum were collected from potato tubers in Morocco. After their identification, the inhibitory effect of colloidal solutions of chitin and/or chitosan was evaluated in vitro on a solid medium (Mueller Hinton) supplemented with these biopolymers. The concentrations (25, 50, or 100 mg L-1) contributed to significant inhibition of the growth of the isolated strains that led to an inhibition of 45.04% with the combination of chitin-chitosan (100 mg L-1), 58.92% with the addition of 100 mg L-1 of chitin, and 68.74% in the presence of chitosan at 25 mg L-1. Likewise, in experiments with Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings, chitin derivatives significantly promoted stem and root growth. Stem length increased by 54.95% when chitin was added at 25 mg L-1, while soil amendment with 100 mg L-1 of chitosan increased root length by 82.55% compared to the control. The severity of bacterial wilt due to R. solanacearum was reduced by 117.02% when we added 100 mg L-1 of chitosan to the soil. However, the severity of this disease decreased by 142.86% when the soil was amended with chitin at 50 mg L-1. These findings are consistent with prior research that suggests using this technique to manage bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96432
Isda Sánchez-Reinoso, Camilo Ignacio Jaramillo-Barrios, Buenaventura Monje-Andrade, A. Ramírez-Godoy, Angela María Vargas Berdugo
Dalbulus maidis is known as the vector of the pathogens causing corn stunt complex disease that decreases crop yields to percentages higher than 90%. In the most affected areas of this disease, there is an increase in the abundance of this insect. This research evaluated the abundance and morphological characterization of populations of D. maidis collected from the region of Huila and determined the possible morphological variations within these populations. Leafhopper samples were collected in corn crops from 40 to 70 d after planting from eight localities in the corn-producing region of Huila. Taxonomic determination was carried out and twelve morphological characters were compared to evaluate the inter-population variations. Analyses of variance were performed to determine significant differences between individuals at three levels: abundance from specific corn-producing areas, morphotype, and sex. A total of 6,722 individuals were found, separated into four morphotypes. Total length, head length, and distance between the eyes showed significant differences. This study can serve as a basis for a better understanding of the vector for future research in the corn-producing regions of Colombia.
{"title":"Morphological variations and abundance of populations of the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the corn-producing region of Huila, Colombia","authors":"Isda Sánchez-Reinoso, Camilo Ignacio Jaramillo-Barrios, Buenaventura Monje-Andrade, A. Ramírez-Godoy, Angela María Vargas Berdugo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96432","url":null,"abstract":"Dalbulus maidis is known as the vector of the pathogens causing corn stunt complex disease that decreases crop yields to percentages higher than 90%. In the most affected areas of this disease, there is an increase in the abundance of this insect. This research evaluated the abundance and morphological characterization of populations of D. maidis collected from the region of Huila and determined the possible morphological variations within these populations. Leafhopper samples were collected in corn crops from 40 to 70 d after planting from eight localities in the corn-producing region of Huila. Taxonomic determination was carried out and twelve morphological characters were compared to evaluate the inter-population variations. Analyses of variance were performed to determine significant differences between individuals at three levels: abundance from specific corn-producing areas, morphotype, and sex. A total of 6,722 individuals were found, separated into four morphotypes. Total length, head length, and distance between the eyes showed significant differences. This study can serve as a basis for a better understanding of the vector for future research in the corn-producing regions of Colombia.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.90131
José Ives Pérez-Zuñiga, J. Rojas-Molina, Andrés Felipe Zabala-Perilla
Cocoa beans produced in the municipality of Tumaco (Colombia) are very attractive for chocolate producers and consumers because of their fine and aromatic characteristics. However, optimal plant spacing that could improve income for cocoa farmers is uncertain. To address the problem, this study was carried out from 2016 to 2017 taking into account two phases. In the first phase, a characterization of the cocoa production system in the Colombian Pacific region was conducted. This characterization included plant spacing, cocoa-associated species, production costs, financial sources, and system yields. In the second phase, an analysis of optimal plant spacing was conducted using the results from the characterization phase. Thus, a linear programming model was developed that utilizes the three plant densities most used by producers (3x3 m, 3.5x3.5 m, and 4x4 m). Labor force, monthly bank fees, and minimum farmer income were considered as constraints of the model. Profitability was established as the objective function. This model was optimized with GAMS software, using the CPlex solver. Plant spacing of 4x4 m (625 plants ha-1) was found to be the optimal solution that maximized profitability. The minimum cocoa bean price required for this solution was 5,000 Colombian pesos kg-1 and the rural capitalization incentive (RCI) needed to be greater than or equal to 40%.
{"title":"Plant spacing assessment in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems in the Colombian Pacific region","authors":"José Ives Pérez-Zuñiga, J. Rojas-Molina, Andrés Felipe Zabala-Perilla","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.90131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.90131","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa beans produced in the municipality of Tumaco (Colombia) are very attractive for chocolate producers and consumers because of their fine and aromatic characteristics. However, optimal plant spacing that could improve income for cocoa farmers is uncertain. To address the problem, this study was carried out from 2016 to 2017 taking into account two phases. In the first phase, a characterization of the cocoa production system in the Colombian Pacific region was conducted. This characterization included plant spacing, cocoa-associated species, production costs, financial sources, and system yields. In the second phase, an analysis of optimal plant spacing was conducted using the results from the characterization phase. Thus, a linear programming model was developed that utilizes the three plant densities most used by producers (3x3 m, 3.5x3.5 m, and 4x4 m). Labor force, monthly bank fees, and minimum farmer income were considered as constraints of the model. Profitability was established as the objective function. This model was optimized with GAMS software, using the CPlex solver. Plant spacing of 4x4 m (625 plants ha-1) was found to be the optimal solution that maximized profitability. The minimum cocoa bean price required for this solution was 5,000 Colombian pesos kg-1 and the rural capitalization incentive (RCI) needed to be greater than or equal to 40%.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42121295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95232
Glaucio da Cruz Genuncio, Jhon Barbosa da Silva, Davidson Henrique Cordeiro, Tainah de Oliveira Mayer, Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento
In view of the role of density and spacing in the growth parameters and organoleptic characteristics of plantains, this study sought to identify the best planting density for the cultivar Farta Velhaco (Terra group) cultivated in Mato Grosso (Brazil), evaluating three spacings. For this, we carried out an experiment in a randomized block design according to the following spaces (between plants x between rows): 2.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,600 plants ha-1); 2.5 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,320 plants ha-1) and 3.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,110 plants ha-1), with 25 replicates per treatment. The following attributes were evaluated: plant height (cm); diameter of the pseudostem (cm); number of leaves; number of hands per bunch; number of fruits per hand; fresh fruit weight (g); fruit height (cm); external and internal fruit lengths (cm); fruit diameter (cm); bunch weight (kg), and productivity (t ha-1), in addition to the percentage of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and flavor of the fruits. The density of 2.0 m x 3.0 m in the cultivation of the plantain group Terra cv. Farta Velhaco improves fruit classification attributes as well as the fruit organoleptic characteristics such as the percentage of total soluble solids and flavor.
鉴于密度和间距对大蕉生长参数和感官特性的影响，本研究通过对三种间距的评价，确定了巴西马托格罗索州大蕉(Terra group)的最佳种植密度。为此，我们采用随机区组设计，按照以下空间(株间x行间)进行试验:2.0 m x 3.0 m(密度为1600株hm -1);2.5 m × 3.0 m(密度为1320株hm -1)和3.0 m × 3.0 m(密度为1110株hm -1)，每个处理25个重复。评估以下属性:株高(cm);假茎直径(cm);叶数;每束手数;每只手的水果数量;新鲜水果重量(g);果高(cm);果实外部和内部长度(厘米);果实直径(cm);果重(kg)和产量(t ha-1)，以及果实的总可溶性固形物百分比、可滴定酸度、pH值和风味。大车前草群种植密度2.0 m × 3.0 m的Terra cv。Farta Velhaco提高了水果的分类属性以及水果的感官特征，如总可溶性固形物的百分比和风味。
{"title":"Growth parameters and organoleptic characteristics of plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds cv. Farta Velhaco) at different planting densities","authors":"Glaucio da Cruz Genuncio, Jhon Barbosa da Silva, Davidson Henrique Cordeiro, Tainah de Oliveira Mayer, Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95232","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the role of density and spacing in the growth parameters and organoleptic characteristics of plantains, this study sought to identify the best planting density for the cultivar Farta Velhaco (Terra group) cultivated in Mato Grosso (Brazil), evaluating three spacings. For this, we carried out an experiment in a randomized block design according to the following spaces (between plants x between rows): 2.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,600 plants ha-1); 2.5 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,320 plants ha-1) and 3.0 m x 3.0 m (density of 1,110 plants ha-1), with 25 replicates per treatment. The following attributes were evaluated: plant height (cm); diameter of the pseudostem (cm); number of leaves; number of hands per bunch; number of fruits per hand; fresh fruit weight (g); fruit height (cm); external and internal fruit lengths (cm); fruit diameter (cm); bunch weight (kg), and productivity (t ha-1), in addition to the percentage of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and flavor of the fruits. The density of 2.0 m x 3.0 m in the cultivation of the plantain group Terra cv. Farta Velhaco improves fruit classification attributes as well as the fruit organoleptic characteristics such as the percentage of total soluble solids and flavor.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48554055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95660
Francisca Reijane Gadelha de Alencar, Charles Lobo Pinheiro, F. L. D. S. Tomaz, C. Bertini, A. B. M. D. Silva
The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the genetic divergence between accessions of cowpea, aiming to identify the characters that most contribute to diversity and select superior parents. Seventy-six cowpea accessions were evaluated using 19 descriptors that were also utilized to estimate genetic diversity using the Shannon-Weaver index. Phenology and production data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were subjected to Pearson’s correlation test. The descriptors flower color, pod color, and seed brightness showed greater variability in the quantification of genetic diversity. The genotypes Das Almas, Galanjão, selected from CE-13, 7907-Purple Hull and Caupi Branco should be incorporated into cowpea breeding programs as they exhibit desirable agronomic characters. Crossings involving the genotype 7907-Purple Hull with Das Almas and Galanjão are indicated, which could result in obtaining superior genotypes in terms of precocity and grain yield.
{"title":"Parental selection and descriptor evaluation in the identification of superior cowpea genotypes","authors":"Francisca Reijane Gadelha de Alencar, Charles Lobo Pinheiro, F. L. D. S. Tomaz, C. Bertini, A. B. M. D. Silva","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95660","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the genetic divergence between accessions of cowpea, aiming to identify the characters that most contribute to diversity and select superior parents. Seventy-six cowpea accessions were evaluated using 19 descriptors that were also utilized to estimate genetic diversity using the Shannon-Weaver index. Phenology and production data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were subjected to Pearson’s correlation test. The descriptors flower color, pod color, and seed brightness showed greater variability in the quantification of genetic diversity. The genotypes Das Almas, Galanjão, selected from CE-13, 7907-Purple Hull and Caupi Branco should be incorporated into cowpea breeding programs as they exhibit desirable agronomic characters. Crossings involving the genotype 7907-Purple Hull with Das Almas and Galanjão are indicated, which could result in obtaining superior genotypes in terms of precocity and grain yield.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95046
V. C. Galati, Emilly Ruas Alkimim, Layane Aparecida Mendes dos Santos, J. V. F. Cardoso, Gelsimar Faria Oliveira, F. Kaneko
Corn is considered one of the most economically important crops in the world. However, in addition to its importance for grain production, this crop stands out for the consumption of green corn. This study aimed to characterize different corn hybrids grown in the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil, considering the agronomic characteristics of importance and the preference of local consumers. We evaluated six characteristics as follows: cob length (CL), cob diameter (CD), cob weight with husks (WWH) (g), weight without husks (WWNH) (g), soluble solids content (SS) (°Brix), and plant population per ha (PP). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 1% probability level. For the sensory analysis, we evaluated the flavor, color, texture, and purchase intention characteristics of corn cobs. The hybrids XB6012 Bt, R9789 vip3, SX 8555 vip3, SX 7005 vip3 and BM709 PRO2 showed higher values for CL and WWNH, characteristics of importance for the fresh corn consumer market. The hybrid BM 709 PRO2 had significant potential compared to the others, due to the higher values of CL and CD, in addition to being among the hybrids with the highest WWNH. Based on the sensory analysis, the hybrids SX 7005 vip3 and DKB 390 PRO3 stood out in terms of flavor and texture, surpassing the local commercial corn.
{"title":"Performance of corn hybrids for in natura consumption in the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil","authors":"V. C. Galati, Emilly Ruas Alkimim, Layane Aparecida Mendes dos Santos, J. V. F. Cardoso, Gelsimar Faria Oliveira, F. Kaneko","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95046","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is considered one of the most economically important crops in the world. However, in addition to its importance for grain production, this crop stands out for the consumption of green corn. This study aimed to characterize different corn hybrids grown in the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil, considering the agronomic characteristics of importance and the preference of local consumers. We evaluated six characteristics as follows: cob length (CL), cob diameter (CD), cob weight with husks (WWH) (g), weight without husks (WWNH) (g), soluble solids content (SS) (°Brix), and plant population per ha (PP). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 1% probability level. For the sensory analysis, we evaluated the flavor, color, texture, and purchase intention characteristics of corn cobs. The hybrids XB6012 Bt, R9789 vip3, SX 8555 vip3, SX 7005 vip3 and BM709 PRO2 showed higher values for CL and WWNH, characteristics of importance for the fresh corn consumer market. The hybrid BM 709 PRO2 had significant potential compared to the others, due to the higher values of CL and CD, in addition to being among the hybrids with the highest WWNH. Based on the sensory analysis, the hybrids SX 7005 vip3 and DKB 390 PRO3 stood out in terms of flavor and texture, surpassing the local commercial corn.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48236744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96034
Silvana Builes Gaitán, María Clara Hurtado Pérez
As one of the most traditional Colombian fruits, the Andean blackberry is consumed either fresh or as juice or marmalade. However, recent research findings indicate that farmer and consumer’s health may be at risk owing to elevated doses of agrochemicals applied to produce the crop. Aiming to identify potential market opportunities for organic Andean blackberry, 164 organic consumers were surveyed using the “Gower’s distance” clustering technique for the assessment of 86 consumer response variables. These included consumer preferences associated with the Andean blackberry, the price they were paying for the non-organic product, their willingness to pay for its organic version, and the information they provided on environmental attitudes, perceptions about organic products, lifestyle, demographics, and socioeconomics. Of the three segments obtained from the cluster analysis, namely premium, medium and budget, medium consumers were the most knowledgeable about the benefits of the fruit, whereas those belonging to the budget segment attributed a higher value to money. In turn, premium consumers were willing to pay more for the organic version of the fruit. Regarding organics consumption across the three groups, the budget segment contained the highest number of consumers buying organics every week. The medium segment stood out for their recognition of the Colombian organic certification for ecological foods.
{"title":"Segmentation of Colombian organic food consumers focused on the consumption of the Andean blackberry","authors":"Silvana Builes Gaitán, María Clara Hurtado Pérez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96034","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most traditional Colombian fruits, the Andean blackberry is consumed either fresh or as juice or marmalade. However, recent research findings indicate that farmer and consumer’s health may be at risk owing to elevated doses of agrochemicals applied to produce the crop. Aiming to identify potential market opportunities for organic Andean blackberry, 164 organic consumers were surveyed using the “Gower’s distance” clustering technique for the assessment of 86 consumer response variables. These included consumer preferences associated with the Andean blackberry, the price they were paying for the non-organic product, their willingness to pay for its organic version, and the information they provided on environmental attitudes, perceptions about organic products, lifestyle, demographics, and socioeconomics. Of the three segments obtained from the cluster analysis, namely premium, medium and budget, medium consumers were the most knowledgeable about the benefits of the fruit, whereas those belonging to the budget segment attributed a higher value to money. In turn, premium consumers were willing to pay more for the organic version of the fruit. Regarding organics consumption across the three groups, the budget segment contained the highest number of consumers buying organics every week. The medium segment stood out for their recognition of the Colombian organic certification for ecological foods.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43062605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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