Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.98522
Reneé Pérez-Pérez, Ionel Hernández Forte, Yarixa Openda Zanabria Álvarez, Juan Carlos Salcedo Benítez, Daynet Sosa-del Castillo, S. Pérez-Martínez
Potassium is one of the most important elements in plant growth and development. Most of the potassium reserves on Earth are in insoluble mineral form, which represents a limitation for the absorption of this nutrient by plants. Some microorganisms can solubilize the mineral forms of potassium. This study aimed to isolate and identify potassium solubilizing bacteria resident in corn rhizoplane. To do this, bacteria that formed a solubilization halo around the colony on solid Aleksandrov culture medium were selected. These bacteria were then characterized considering the appearance of the colonies and cell morphology and were identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Their solubilizing and potassium-releasing capacity was determined under different conditions of temperature, pH, and salinity, using potassium feldspar and muscovite as insoluble sources of potassium. Eight strains identified within the genera Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas were obtained. The release of potassium from feldspar was favored at 28 and 30°C, pH 7.5 and a saline concentration of 4 g L-1, while in the presence of muscovite the best conditions were 30 and 37°C, pH 5.5 and 7.5, and 4 g L-1 of NaCl. The most efficient strains were Bacillus sp. INCA-FRc7 and Bacillus sp. INCA-FRc19x with yields of up to 2.095 mg L-1. These strains could become alternatives to the use of potassium fertilizers and contribute to the ecological sanitation of the agroecosystems.
钾是植物生长发育中最重要的元素之一。地球上大部分的钾储备都是以不溶性矿物质的形式存在的，这就限制了植物对钾的吸收。有些微生物能溶解钾的矿物形式。本研究旨在分离和鉴定居住在玉米根际的溶钾细菌。为了做到这一点，在固体亚历山德罗夫培养基上，选择在菌落周围形成增溶晕的细菌。然后根据菌落的外观和细胞形态对这些细菌进行表征，并通过部分16S rDNA测序进行鉴定。以钾长石和白云母为不溶性钾源，测定了它们在不同温度、pH和盐度条件下的溶钾和释钾能力。共鉴定出Paenibacillus、Lysinibacillus、Arthrobacter、Bacillus、Pseudomonas和窄养单胞菌8株。长石在28℃和30℃、pH 7.5和4 g L-1盐浓度条件下有利于钾的释放，而白云母在30℃和37℃、pH 5.5和7.5和4 g L-1 NaCl浓度条件下有利于钾的释放。效率最高的菌株为芽孢杆菌sp. INCA-FRc7和芽孢杆菌sp. INCA-FRc19x，产量可达2.095 mg L-1。这些菌株可以替代钾肥的使用，并有助于农业生态系统的生态卫生。
{"title":"Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria isolated from corn rhizoplane","authors":"Reneé Pérez-Pérez, Ionel Hernández Forte, Yarixa Openda Zanabria Álvarez, Juan Carlos Salcedo Benítez, Daynet Sosa-del Castillo, S. Pérez-Martínez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.98522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.98522","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is one of the most important elements in plant growth and development. Most of the potassium reserves on Earth are in insoluble mineral form, which represents a limitation for the absorption of this nutrient by plants. Some microorganisms can solubilize the mineral forms of potassium. This study aimed to isolate and identify potassium solubilizing bacteria resident in corn rhizoplane. To do this, bacteria that formed a solubilization halo around the colony on solid Aleksandrov culture medium were selected. These bacteria were then characterized considering the appearance of the colonies and cell morphology and were identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Their solubilizing and potassium-releasing capacity was determined under different conditions of temperature, pH, and salinity, using potassium feldspar and muscovite as insoluble sources of potassium. Eight strains identified within the genera Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas were obtained. The release of potassium from feldspar was favored at 28 and 30°C, pH 7.5 and a saline concentration of 4 g L-1, while in the presence of muscovite the best conditions were 30 and 37°C, pH 5.5 and 7.5, and 4 g L-1 of NaCl. The most efficient strains were Bacillus sp. INCA-FRc7 and Bacillus sp. INCA-FRc19x with yields of up to 2.095 mg L-1. These strains could become alternatives to the use of potassium fertilizers and contribute to the ecological sanitation of the agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41905927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96535
Caroline Gieseler Dornelles, M. Poletto
The drying kinetics of yerba mate leaves from southern Brazil was investigated theoretically and experimentally in a drying oven at 70°C. The effect of drying conditions on the moisture ratio, drying rate, and effective diffusivity of yerba mate leaves was evaluated. Five drying models were fitted to experimental data. Additionally, the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Hg in the yerba mate leaves were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that all samples only showed a falling rate period without a constant rate of drying. The Midilli model showed the best fit of experimental data. All samples showed levels of Hg higher than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Monitoring programs and other studies are required to prevent the intake of yerba mate products contaminated with toxic metals.
{"title":"Evaluation of the drying process and toxic metal contents in yerba mate cultivated in southern Brazil","authors":"Caroline Gieseler Dornelles, M. Poletto","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96535","url":null,"abstract":"The drying kinetics of yerba mate leaves from southern Brazil was investigated theoretically and experimentally in a drying oven at 70°C. The effect of drying conditions on the moisture ratio, drying rate, and effective diffusivity of yerba mate leaves was evaluated. Five drying models were fitted to experimental data. Additionally, the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Hg in the yerba mate leaves were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that all samples only showed a falling rate period without a constant rate of drying. The Midilli model showed the best fit of experimental data. All samples showed levels of Hg higher than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Monitoring programs and other studies are required to prevent the intake of yerba mate products contaminated with toxic metals.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44548621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94805
J. Ataide, Francieli Destefani Deolindo, Filipe Garcia Holtz, Andressa Huver, Hugo Bolsoni Zago, L. Menini
This study analyzed the toxicity by residual contact and the repellency effect of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha piperita, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Commiphora myrrha and their mixtures on adult females of Tetranychus urticae in laboratory and protected cultivation. The essential oil of C. myrrha exhibited a LC50 of 0.55 ml L-1, and the mixtures R. officinalis + M. piperita + M. alternifolia + C. myrrha, C. myrrha + M. piperita, and C. myrrha + M. alternifolia showed 68%, 60%, and 36% mortality, respectively. The essential oils of C. myrrha and M. alternifolia showed 95 and 70% of repellency, respectively. Mixtures of C. myrrha + M. alternifolia, C. myrrha + M. piperita, and C. myrrha + R. officinalis provided repellency of 85, 74 and 73%, respectively. Toxicity by residual contact of the essential oil of C. myrrha in protected cultivation exhibited 93% mortality, while the acaricide fenpyroximate showed 80%. The constituents of essential oils were eucalyptol (49.66%), M. piperita menthol (48.53%), M. alternifolia terpinen-4-ol (48.93%), and C. myrrha benzyl benzoate (97.71%). The essential oil of C. myrrha and the mixtures R. officinalis + M. piperita + M. alternifolia + C. myrrha and C. myrrha + M. piperita showed significant mortality. However, further studies are needed to assess the cost/benefit ratio and the effects on non-target organisms.
本研究分析了迷迭香、薄荷、互叶千层和桃金娘精油及其混合物在实验室和保护性栽培中对二斑叶螨成年雌性的残留接触毒性和驱避作用。桃金娘精油的LC50为0.55 ml L-1，而R.officinalis+M.piperita+M.alternifolia+桃金娘、C.myrrha+M.piprita和C.myrrha+M.alternitfolia的混合物分别显示68%、60%和36%的死亡率。桃金娘和互叶互叶互叶的精油分别显示出95%和70%的排斥性。C.myrrha+M.alternifolia、C.myrrhara+M.piperita和C.myrrha+R.officinalis的混合物分别提供85%、74%和73%的排斥性。在保护性栽培中，C.myrrha精油残留接触的毒性表现出93%的死亡率，而杀螨剂苯吡肟酯表现出80%的死亡率。精油成分为桉树醇（49.66%）、胡椒薄荷醇（48.53%）、互叶萜品醇-4-醇（48.93%）和苯甲酸苄酯（97.71%）。然而，还需要进一步的研究来评估成本效益比以及对非目标生物的影响。
{"title":"Acaricidal activity and repellency of commercial essential oils on Tetranychus urticae in vitro and protected cultivation","authors":"J. Ataide, Francieli Destefani Deolindo, Filipe Garcia Holtz, Andressa Huver, Hugo Bolsoni Zago, L. Menini","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94805","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the toxicity by residual contact and the repellency effect of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha piperita, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Commiphora myrrha and their mixtures on adult females of Tetranychus urticae in laboratory and protected cultivation. The essential oil of C. myrrha exhibited a LC50 of 0.55 ml L-1, and the mixtures R. officinalis + M. piperita + M. alternifolia + C. myrrha, C. myrrha + M. piperita, and C. myrrha + M. alternifolia showed 68%, 60%, and 36% mortality, respectively. The essential oils of C. myrrha and M. alternifolia showed 95 and 70% of repellency, respectively. Mixtures of C. myrrha + M. alternifolia, C. myrrha + M. piperita, and C. myrrha + R. officinalis provided repellency of 85, 74 and 73%, respectively. Toxicity by residual contact of the essential oil of C. myrrha in protected cultivation exhibited 93% mortality, while the acaricide fenpyroximate showed 80%. The constituents of essential oils were eucalyptol (49.66%), M. piperita menthol (48.53%), M. alternifolia terpinen-4-ol (48.93%), and C. myrrha benzyl benzoate (97.71%). The essential oil of C. myrrha and the mixtures R. officinalis + M. piperita + M. alternifolia + C. myrrha and C. myrrha + M. piperita showed significant mortality. However, further studies are needed to assess the cost/benefit ratio and the effects on non-target organisms.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44549337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.97071
G. Fischer, H. E. Balaguera-López, J. Álvarez-Herrera
The objective of this review was to report on advances in environmental, cultural, and physiological aspects of fleshy fruit cracking to reduce or avoid this disorder, which affects many fruit species. Cracking is a physiological disorder that limits the production and quality of fleshy fruits because it affects the exocarp and mesocarp, especially with climate change and variability. Fruit cracking is generated by external factors (agronomic and environmental) and internal factors, several of which require exhaustive study. The incidence of cracking varies widely according to climatic characteristics during fruit development, different fruit species and varieties, growth sites, and crop management. This physiological disorder is aggravated by increases in rain intensity, especially after a dry season or in areas with increased temperatures. Knowledge on causes of cracking has generated management strategies that involve genetic improvement, ecophysiological conditions, agronomic practices such as pruning, irrigation, and fertilization (mainly with Ca, Mg, B, and K), applications of plant growth regulators, and use of plastic covers, etc. For several fruit trees, these strategies are effective, but in species such as the cape gooseberry, cracking remains without a full explanation or effective management.
{"title":"Causes of fruit cracking in the era of climate change. A review","authors":"G. Fischer, H. E. Balaguera-López, J. Álvarez-Herrera","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.97071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.97071","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this review was to report on advances in environmental, cultural, and physiological aspects of fleshy fruit cracking to reduce or avoid this disorder, which affects many fruit species. Cracking is a physiological disorder that limits the production and quality of fleshy fruits because it affects the exocarp and mesocarp, especially with climate change and variability. Fruit cracking is generated by external factors (agronomic and environmental) and internal factors, several of which require exhaustive study. The incidence of cracking varies widely according to climatic characteristics during fruit development, different fruit species and varieties, growth sites, and crop management. This physiological disorder is aggravated by increases in rain intensity, especially after a dry season or in areas with increased temperatures. Knowledge on causes of cracking has generated management strategies that involve genetic improvement, ecophysiological conditions, agronomic practices such as pruning, irrigation, and fertilization (mainly with Ca, Mg, B, and K), applications of plant growth regulators, and use of plastic covers, etc. For several fruit trees, these strategies are effective, but in species such as the cape gooseberry, cracking remains without a full explanation or effective management.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94999
Arely Romero-Padilla, Vinicio Horacio Santoyo-Cortés, S. R. Márquez-Berber, A. V. Ayala-Garay, J. R. Altamirano-Cárdenas
Farm succession involves the interaction of social, economic, and emotional factors. The process also includes the decisions of farmers and their families who consider the farm as patrimony rather than a productive asset. This article analyses the processes of succession in farms of central Mexico to understand the different stages they comprise and the problems that these processes encounter. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with producers who went through a recent transfer process. Succession processes and their associated factors were analyzed and discussed using the multiple case study methodology; subsequently, the stages that comprise each of these processes were defined. Results show that succession is commonly managed without making decisions or taking actions that prevent future problems, and individual interests of the potential heirs prevail. Although each transfer process is different, two basic types were identified: the spouse or the descendants assume the administration of the patrimony. However, in the analyzed cases, we found that, in general, there is no planning for succession, so the successors lack training in agricultural activities. In general, succession processes are complex and generate conflicts, and their trajectory depends on family relationships and the socioeconomic conditions of the farm.
{"title":"Farm management succession by heritage. A Central Mexico case study","authors":"Arely Romero-Padilla, Vinicio Horacio Santoyo-Cortés, S. R. Márquez-Berber, A. V. Ayala-Garay, J. R. Altamirano-Cárdenas","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94999","url":null,"abstract":"Farm succession involves the interaction of social, economic, and emotional factors. The process also includes the decisions of farmers and their families who consider the farm as patrimony rather than a productive asset. This article analyses the processes of succession in farms of central Mexico to understand the different stages they comprise and the problems that these processes encounter. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with producers who went through a recent transfer process. Succession processes and their associated factors were analyzed and discussed using the multiple case study methodology; subsequently, the stages that comprise each of these processes were defined. Results show that succession is commonly managed without making decisions or taking actions that prevent future problems, and individual interests of the potential heirs prevail. Although each transfer process is different, two basic types were identified: the spouse or the descendants assume the administration of the patrimony. However, in the analyzed cases, we found that, in general, there is no planning for succession, so the successors lack training in agricultural activities. In general, succession processes are complex and generate conflicts, and their trajectory depends on family relationships and the socioeconomic conditions of the farm.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of bananas (Musa AAA Simmonds cv. Williams) for export in Uraba, Colombia is an important source of income for the region, reflected in the offer of approximately 40,000 jobs. Production requires research into various subjects, with fertilization being a priority. In this study, the effect of N doses on the nutrient relationships existing in a banana bunch during two cycles was evaluated. A sixth-generation plantation was used and evaluated during the fruit filling and harvesting stages. A multivariate approach was used for the analysis of variance of the design in repeated measures, with two factors between subjects (fertilization and repetitions), and one intra-subject associated with the cycle. The models were adjusted with the phenological stages. Synergy was found between Mg:Ca+N, Zn:B, K:Cu, K:P, and Ca:Cu, with K:P and K:Cu ratios being the only ones that showed a directly proportional behavior with the production variables. Optimal values of the interaction K:Cu+K:P (35.11-39.05) led to a greater accumulation of dry mass in the bunch (4.24 kg) in the treatments of 321.8 and 483 kg N ha-1 for the evaluated stages.
哥伦比亚乌拉巴出口香蕉（Musa AAA Simmonds cv.Williams）是该地区的重要收入来源，提供了约40000个工作岗位。生产需要对各种主题进行研究，受精是一个优先事项。在这项研究中，评估了N剂量对香蕉束在两个周期内存在的营养关系的影响。在果实灌浆和收获阶段使用并评估了第六代种植园。采用多变量方法分析重复测量中的设计方差，受试者之间有两个因素（受精和重复），受试对象内部有一个因素与周期相关。这些模型是根据表型阶段进行调整的。Mg:Ca+N、Zn:B、K:Cu、K:P和Ca:Cu之间存在协同作用，其中K:P与K:Cu的比例是唯一与生产变量呈正比关系的比例。在321.8和483kg N ha-1的处理中，相互作用K:Cu+K:P的最佳值（35.11-39.05）导致干物质在束中积累更大（4.24kg）。
{"title":"Relationships between mineral nutrients in banana (Musa AAA Simmonds cv. Williams) bunches fertilized with nitrogen in two production cycles","authors":"Sebastián David García-Guzmán, Sebastián Camilo Morales Romero, Jaime Torres Bazurto, Jaiver Danilo Sánchez","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.89886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.89886","url":null,"abstract":"The production of bananas (Musa AAA Simmonds cv. Williams) for export in Uraba, Colombia is an important source of income for the region, reflected in the offer of approximately 40,000 jobs. Production requires research into various subjects, with fertilization being a priority. In this study, the effect of N doses on the nutrient relationships existing in a banana bunch during two cycles was evaluated. A sixth-generation plantation was used and evaluated during the fruit filling and harvesting stages. A multivariate approach was used for the analysis of variance of the design in repeated measures, with two factors between subjects (fertilization and repetitions), and one intra-subject associated with the cycle. The models were adjusted with the phenological stages. Synergy was found between Mg:Ca+N, Zn:B, K:Cu, K:P, and Ca:Cu, with K:P and K:Cu ratios being the only ones that showed a directly proportional behavior with the production variables. Optimal values of the interaction K:Cu+K:P (35.11-39.05) led to a greater accumulation of dry mass in the bunch (4.24 kg) in the treatments of 321.8 and 483 kg N ha-1 for the evaluated stages.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.94028
E. F. Dos Santos, Ednângelo Duarte Pereira, Débora Souza Mendes, Eliene Almeida Paraízo, Anunciene Barbosa Duarte, H. Pessoa, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo
The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a fruit tree adapted to the Brazilian semiarid region and constitutes an important source of income for many families in Brazil. Due to this, sustainable methods of fruit postharvest conservation should be studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of cassava starch-based biofilm coatings for the postharvest conservation of umbu. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with six replicates. The two treatments, 1% cassava starch coating and no coating, were evaluated during five periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage). Fresh weight loss (WL), fruit firmness (FIR), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, external color: luminosity (L*), hue angle (H*), and chromaticity (C*) were measured. The coating of fruits with cassava starch-based biofilm improved WL, pH, and TSS. The variables TA, TSS/TA ratio, and L* were not influenced by the use or absence of the cassava starch biofilm coating. The use of 1% cassava starch to coat the fruits ensures better postharvest quality of the umbu and extends its posthavest life.
{"title":"Extension of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) postharvest life using a cassava starch-based coating","authors":"E. F. Dos Santos, Ednângelo Duarte Pereira, Débora Souza Mendes, Eliene Almeida Paraízo, Anunciene Barbosa Duarte, H. Pessoa, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.94028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n2.94028","url":null,"abstract":"The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a fruit tree adapted to the Brazilian semiarid region and constitutes an important source of income for many families in Brazil. Due to this, sustainable methods of fruit postharvest conservation should be studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of cassava starch-based biofilm coatings for the postharvest conservation of umbu. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with six replicates. The two treatments, 1% cassava starch coating and no coating, were evaluated during five periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage). Fresh weight loss (WL), fruit firmness (FIR), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, external color: luminosity (L*), hue angle (H*), and chromaticity (C*) were measured. The coating of fruits with cassava starch-based biofilm improved WL, pH, and TSS. The variables TA, TSS/TA ratio, and L* were not influenced by the use or absence of the cassava starch biofilm coating. The use of 1% cassava starch to coat the fruits ensures better postharvest quality of the umbu and extends its posthavest life.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93587
Jose M. Montes-Rodríguez, Juan Felipe Ossa-Yepes
In the pineapple growing region of Lebrija, Santander, one of the largest such regions in Colombia, five farms were selected, and a sampling of symphylids associated with this crop was carried out in the first months of cultivation in the variety Perolera and hybrid MD2. Two collecting methods were compared: i) the destructive method, with soil inspection around the roots, and ii) the bait-trap method with pieces of potato mixed with soil. These two methods were implemented in the same plots during five bimonthly samplings. Additionally, the percentage of root damage was estimated, defined as the percentage of roots that show bifurcation due to the damage caused by symphylids. All symphylids were identified as Hanseniella sp. Sampling of symphylids based on underground potato bait traps requires fewer samples to estimate population density and is a predictor of root damage while destructive sampling is not. Consequently, trap sampling could be a useful tool for monitoring and managing symphylids on pineapple. The abundance was related to soil moisture, and not to soil pH.
{"title":"Sampling methods of symphylids in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) crops in Santander, Colombia","authors":"Jose M. Montes-Rodríguez, Juan Felipe Ossa-Yepes","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93587","url":null,"abstract":"In the pineapple growing region of Lebrija, Santander, one of the largest such regions in Colombia, five farms were selected, and a sampling of symphylids associated with this crop was carried out in the first months of cultivation in the variety Perolera and hybrid MD2. Two collecting methods were compared: i) the destructive method, with soil inspection around the roots, and ii) the bait-trap method with pieces of potato mixed with soil. These two methods were implemented in the same plots during five bimonthly samplings. Additionally, the percentage of root damage was estimated, defined as the percentage of roots that show bifurcation due to the damage caused by symphylids. All symphylids were identified as Hanseniella sp. Sampling of symphylids based on underground potato bait traps requires fewer samples to estimate population density and is a predictor of root damage while destructive sampling is not. Consequently, trap sampling could be a useful tool for monitoring and managing symphylids on pineapple. The abundance was related to soil moisture, and not to soil pH.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44894527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93019
Edgar Estevam França, G. Silva, M. E. Araujo, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, P. C. Corrêa, A. Silva
Soybean (Glycine max) yield can be influenced by the choice of genetic material along with the use of an adequate plant population and selection of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds, according to different plant populations. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 harvest, under field conditions, in a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, and BMX Power IPRO, at four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha-1. The agronomic characteristics of the plants (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of a 100 seeds and seed yield) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling length, dry mass of the shoot and root and accelerated aging test) of these seeds were evaluated. The experiment showed that the agronomic characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds varied according to the genotypes, and that these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to the plant population. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed yield compared to the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars M 7739 IPRO and TMG2181 IPRO, mainly due to their field conformation and size. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO showed higher average germination and seed hardiness and produced normal seedlings with good initial growth rate and dry weight. The yield and quality of soybean seeds were not affected by plant population.
大豆（Glycine max）的产量可能受到遗传物质的选择、足够的植物种群的使用和优质种子的选择的影响。本研究旨在根据不同的植物群体，评价大豆品种及其种子的农艺和生理特性。为此，在2017/2018年收获期间，在田间条件下，以3×4析因安排的随机区组设计进行了一项实验，共有四个重复。处理包括三个大豆品种，TMG2181 IPRO、M 7739 IPRO和BMX Power IPRO，在四个种群密度下：180000；220000；28万株和32万株ha-1。对这些种子的农艺特性（株高、茎径、分枝数、单株荚数、单株种子数、每荚种子数、100粒种子的重量和种子产量）和生理质量（发芽率、首次发芽数、幼苗长度、地上部和根部干重以及加速老化试验）进行了评估。实验表明，大豆品种及其种子的农艺性状因基因型而异，这些表型表达可因植物群体的不同而改变。与半确定和确定品种M 7739 IPRO和TMG2181 IPRO相比，不确定品种BMX Power IPRO获得了更高的种子产量，这主要是由于它们的田地构造和大小。不确定品种BMX Power IPRO表现出较高的平均发芽率和种子抗寒性，并产生了具有良好初始生长率和干重的正常幼苗。大豆种子的产量和品质不受种群的影响。
{"title":"Agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds according to plant population","authors":"Edgar Estevam França, G. Silva, M. E. Araujo, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, P. C. Corrêa, A. Silva","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.93019","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max) yield can be influenced by the choice of genetic material along with the use of an adequate plant population and selection of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds, according to different plant populations. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 harvest, under field conditions, in a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, and BMX Power IPRO, at four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha-1. The agronomic characteristics of the plants (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of a 100 seeds and seed yield) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling length, dry mass of the shoot and root and accelerated aging test) of these seeds were evaluated. The experiment showed that the agronomic characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds varied according to the genotypes, and that these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to the plant population. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed yield compared to the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars M 7739 IPRO and TMG2181 IPRO, mainly due to their field conformation and size. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO showed higher average germination and seed hardiness and produced normal seedlings with good initial growth rate and dry weight. The yield and quality of soybean seeds were not affected by plant population.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43466960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94096
Héctor Cantaro-Segura, A. Huaringa-Joaquín
The effect of a recent plant growth regulator, triacontanol (TRIA), on plant growth and yield of Pisum sativum L. was investigated. The experiment was carried out under field conditions at the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), La Molina, Lima, Peru, using a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three replicates. Treatments consisted in the foliar application of TRIA alone and in all possible combinations with three plant growth regulators based on auxins (AUX), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins (CK), on pea plants cv. Rondo. The highest green pod yields were obtained with the application of TRIA+AUX+GA+CK, and TRIA+AUX+CK. The TRIA+AUX increased the values of the yield variables while TRIA+GA increased the values of the morphological variables. TRIA+CK showed a stimulating effect on morphological variables and number of grains per pod, while TRIA+AUX+CK acted synergistically on yield variables since their combined effect overweighed the effect of each growth regulator separately. Treatments with TRIA exceeded the control treatment in yield variables, indicating its great potential to be used in sustainable agriculture to guarantee food security in the future.
{"title":"Interaction of triacontanol with other plant growth regulators on morphology and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"Héctor Cantaro-Segura, A. Huaringa-Joaquín","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.94096","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of a recent plant growth regulator, triacontanol (TRIA), on plant growth and yield of Pisum sativum L. was investigated. The experiment was carried out under field conditions at the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), La Molina, Lima, Peru, using a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three replicates. Treatments consisted in the foliar application of TRIA alone and in all possible combinations with three plant growth regulators based on auxins (AUX), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins (CK), on pea plants cv. Rondo. The highest green pod yields were obtained with the application of TRIA+AUX+GA+CK, and TRIA+AUX+CK. The TRIA+AUX increased the values of the yield variables while TRIA+GA increased the values of the morphological variables. TRIA+CK showed a stimulating effect on morphological variables and number of grains per pod, while TRIA+AUX+CK acted synergistically on yield variables since their combined effect overweighed the effect of each growth regulator separately. Treatments with TRIA exceeded the control treatment in yield variables, indicating its great potential to be used in sustainable agriculture to guarantee food security in the future.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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