The article reports the most important phonetic changes which have taken place in the contemporary Polish language. The aim of the sketch is to answer the questions that arise when learning phonetics and pronunciation, especially in regard to sounds: [ś], [ź], [ć], [ӡ́] and [s΄], [z΄], [c΄], [ӡ’]. The author focuses on the phenomena associated with the withdrawal of palatalisation and presents the solutions adopted in academic textbooks. Finally, she presents her own suggestions for the articulation of the abovementioned sounds at the meeting point of morphemes.
{"title":"Wybrane problemy realizacji spółgłosek polskich w potoku \u0000mowy w perspektywie dydaktycznej","authors":"Katarzyna Dróżdż-Łuszczyk","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports the most important phonetic changes which have taken place in the contemporary Polish language. The aim of the sketch is to answer the questions that arise when learning phonetics and pronunciation, especially in regard to sounds: [ś], [ź], [ć], [ӡ́] and [s΄], [z΄], [c΄], [ӡ’]. The author focuses on the phenomena associated with the withdrawal of palatalisation and presents the solutions adopted in academic textbooks. Finally, she presents her own suggestions for the articulation of the abovementioned sounds at the meeting point of morphemes.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest history of the Polish language (1918–2018) consists of four phases (1918–1939, 1939–1945, 1945–1990, after 1990). In the area of extra-linguistic phenomena and sociolinguistic trends, the Polish language has evolved from the status of an elite language to a democratised code and from the double division of communication varieties (common language : dialects) to the triple division (common language : folk dialects : mixed codes). In the area of intra-linguistic phenomena, the trends of economisation and completion of linguistic devices dominated throughout the history, while preserving the uniform dynamics of other trends (unification, repartition, nobilitation). These processes and specific language changes have affected all structural layers of the Polish language system in a proportional manner, which proves the effectiveness of optimisation processes. Keywords: language history – latest history of the Polish language – Polish language evolution – language system – extra-linguistic factors – intra-linguistic factors – sociolinguistic trends – language system development trends.
{"title":"Najnowsze dzieje języka polskiego (1918–2018)","authors":"Stanisław Dubisz","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"The latest history of the Polish language (1918–2018) consists of four phases (1918–1939, 1939–1945, 1945–1990, after 1990). In the area of extra-linguistic phenomena and sociolinguistic trends, the Polish language has evolved from the status of an elite language to a democratised code and from the double division of communication varieties (common language : dialects) to the triple division (common language : folk dialects : mixed codes). In the area of intra-linguistic phenomena, the trends of economisation and completion of linguistic devices dominated throughout the history, while preserving the uniform dynamics of other trends (unification, repartition, nobilitation). These processes and specific language changes have affected all structural layers of the Polish language system in a proportional manner, which proves the effectiveness of optimisation processes.\u0000Keywords: language history – latest history of the Polish language – Polish language evolution – language system – extra-linguistic factors – intra-linguistic factors – sociolinguistic trends – language system development trends.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses the nominal as well as attributive and nominal forms of address found in Polish-language newspapers released in Ukraine in the 20th century. The research material concerns the forms of address the structures or functions of which are specific compared to the Polish standard. The discussion focuses on the causes of their formation in the circumstances of language and cultural contacts and their functional and pragmatic peculiarities in the Polish language in Ukraine. The scale of the acceptability of the analysed forms of address in the Polish-centric communication community in Ukraine is identified by means of cultural and linguistic criteria for the evaluation of linguistic devices (while taking into consideration also a more extensive research material than the one found in newspapers).
{"title":"Swoistość form adresatywnych w tekstach współczesnych gazet \u0000polskojęzycznych wydawanych w Ukrainie (na tle normy ogólnopolskiej)","authors":"A. Krawczuk","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the nominal as well as attributive and nominal forms of address found in Polish-language newspapers released in Ukraine in the 20th century. The research material concerns the forms of address the structures or functions of which are specific compared to the Polish standard. The discussion focuses on the causes of their formation in the circumstances of language and cultural contacts and their functional and pragmatic peculiarities in the Polish language in Ukraine. The scale of the acceptability of the analysed forms of address in the Polish-centric communication community in Ukraine is identified by means of cultural and linguistic criteria for the evaluation of linguistic devices (while taking into consideration also a more extensive research material than the one found in newspapers).","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the problems related to the sound realisation of the so-called nasal sounds, that is letters ą and ę, as well as the differences in the phonological interpretation of those realisations. The issue has been repeatedly raised by linguists (e.g. Zarembina 1963; Retz 1979ab; Dunaj 1991; Sawicka 1995; Nagórko 1998; Szpyra-Kozłowska 2002, and others), which proves its complexity and difficulty. The letters ą and ę can be pronounced in various ways depending on their neighbourhood (that is other letters that follow them), which causes problems in Polish language didactics and in the process of teaching of the correct Polish language pronunciation (especially when it comes to teaching Polish pronunciation to foreigners). The article mentions the methods and principles of the realisation of nasal sounds as well as inconsistencies in the phonological characteristics of the phenomenon. The article is an overview, as its aim is to compare different suggestions for the phonological interpretation. Keywords: phonetics – phonological system – nasal vowels – nasal phonemes.
{"title":"Fonemy nosowe i ich realizacja w języku polskim. Wybrane problemy \u0000dydaktyczne","authors":"Natalia Siudzińska","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the problems related to the sound realisation of the so-called nasal sounds, that is letters ą and ę, as well as the differences in the phonological interpretation of those realisations. The issue has been repeatedly raised by linguists (e.g. Zarembina 1963; Retz 1979ab; Dunaj 1991; Sawicka 1995; Nagórko 1998; Szpyra-Kozłowska 2002, and others), which proves its complexity and difficulty. The letters ą and ę can be pronounced in various ways depending on their neighbourhood (that is other letters that follow them), which causes problems in Polish language didactics and in the process of teaching of the correct Polish language pronunciation (especially when it comes to teaching Polish pronunciation to foreigners). The article mentions the methods and principles of the realisation of nasal sounds as well as inconsistencies in the phonological characteristics of the phenomenon. The article is an overview, as its aim is to compare different suggestions for the phonological interpretation.\u0000Keywords: phonetics – phonological system – nasal vowels – nasal phonemes.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47074926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is devoted to the issues related to the semantic connectivity of the words głęboki and глибокий (deep) within their respective meanings. The study is based both on the information contained in dictionaries of both languages and on corpus data (the resources of the balanced versions of the NKJP and the ГРАК). All collocates of both adjectives were excerpted from the lexicographic and corpus material, and then typical – conventionalised – syntagmas with lexemes głęboki and глибокий were revealed. As a result of the in-depth analysis, conclusions were drawn also about the similarities within the semantic connectivity of the examined adjectives.
{"title":"Syntagmy skonwencjonalizowane zawierające \u0000wyrazy głęboki i глибокий w języku polskim i ukraińskim","authors":"Iryna Bundza, Chrystyna Nikołajczuk","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the issues related to the semantic connectivity of the words głęboki and глибокий (deep) within their respective meanings. The study is based both on the information contained in dictionaries of both languages and on corpus data (the resources of the balanced versions of the NKJP and the ГРАК). All collocates of both adjectives were excerpted from the lexicographic and corpus material, and then typical – conventionalised – syntagmas with lexemes głęboki and глибокий were revealed. As a result of the in-depth analysis, conclusions were drawn also about the similarities within the semantic connectivity of the examined adjectives.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.11
B. K. Jędryka
The author takes up issues concerned with teaching Polish as a foreign language with the use of speech therapy tools present in the treatment of patients suffering from aphasia. On the example of selected rehabilitation materials, she shows the extent to which they can be used in classes of Polish as a foreign language at levels A1 and A2. The enumerated tools can be used in PFL didactics to develop lexical, grammatical, and cultural competences. Keywords: Polish as a foreign language – aphasia – didactics – language competence – speech therapy
{"title":"Wykorzystywanie wybranych materiałów do terapii afazji w dydaktyce języka \u0000polskiego jako obcego na niższych poziomach zaawansowania językowego (A1 i A2) .","authors":"B. K. Jędryka","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"The author takes up issues concerned with teaching Polish as a foreign language with the use of speech therapy tools present in the treatment of patients suffering from aphasia. On the example of selected rehabilitation materials, she shows the extent to which they can be used in classes of Polish as a foreign language at levels A1 and A2. The enumerated tools can be used in PFL didactics to develop lexical, grammatical, and cultural competences.\u0000Keywords: Polish as a foreign language – aphasia – didactics – language competence – speech therapy","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.10
Olena Pelekhata
This article presents the results of a sociolinguistic survey of 2019 conducted among the youth of Polish and non-Polish descent studying together in classes dedicated to the Polish national minority in the 3rd Upper-Secondary School in Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly: Stanyslaviv). The survey was composed of 170 questionnaires concerning the status of the Polish language among the youth aged 12–17 studying in classes with Polish as the language of instruction. Under the statute of the School, pupils of non-Polish descent may also study in such classes. For the group of pupils of Polish descent, i.e. 42 pupils (25% of the total number of respondents), Polish has the status of an inherited language, the language of ancestors, and the economic status, Polish is associated with studying and living in Poland in the future. For the group of pupils of non-Polish descent, i.e. 128 pupils (75% of the total number of respondents), Polish has the economic status and the status of Polish as a second foreign language of instruction; around 40% of the pupils intend to emigrate to Poland in the future.
{"title":"Status języka polskiego wśród uczniów uczących się w klasach z językiem \u0000polskim jako językiem nauczania (na przykładzie Iwano-Frankiwska, Ukraina)","authors":"Olena Pelekhata","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a sociolinguistic survey of 2019 conducted among the youth of Polish and non-Polish descent studying together in classes dedicated to the Polish national minority in the 3rd Upper-Secondary School in Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly: Stanyslaviv). The survey was composed of 170 questionnaires concerning the status of the Polish language among the youth aged 12–17 studying in classes with Polish as the language of instruction. Under the statute of the School, pupils of non-Polish descent may also study in such classes. For the group of pupils of Polish descent, i.e. 42 pupils (25% of the total number of respondents), Polish has the status of an inherited language, the language of ancestors, and the economic status, Polish is associated with studying and living in Poland in the future. For the group of pupils of non-Polish descent, i.e. 128 pupils (75% of the total number of respondents), Polish has the economic status and the status of Polish as a second foreign language of instruction; around 40% of the pupils intend to emigrate to Poland in the future.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.14
G. Bąbiak
The text presents Jan Kasprowicz’s translation work during the First World War. It discusses the War’s contribution to the concentration on this form of literary activity and to the selection of the works by the most distinguished Greek tragic dramatist, Euripides. The author presents the view that the fact that Kasprowicz took up the ambitious project of translating all works by Euripides resulted from the Academy of Learning’s commission on the one hand and from the translator’s conscious decision on the other hand. By going back to antiquity, Kasprowicz endeavoured to answer the questions that were fundamental during the War: about its sense and price. Apart from presenting the timeline of Jan Kasprowicz’s translations in detail, the author mentions the key facts from his biography during the War. He also quotes the translator’s statements about the translation techniques and positions them in the context of contemporary theories of translation.
{"title":"Poeta tłumacz w czasie wielkiej wojny. Przekłady Jana Kasprowicza \u0000w latach 1914–1918 .","authors":"G. Bąbiak","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"The text presents Jan Kasprowicz’s translation work during the First World War. It discusses the War’s contribution to the concentration on this form of literary activity and to the selection of the works by the most distinguished Greek tragic dramatist, Euripides. The author presents the view that the fact that Kasprowicz took up the ambitious project of translating all works by Euripides resulted from the Academy of Learning’s commission on the one hand and from the translator’s conscious decision on the other hand. By going back to antiquity, Kasprowicz endeavoured to answer the questions that were fundamental during the War: about its sense and price. Apart from presenting the timeline of Jan Kasprowicz’s translations in detail, the author mentions the key facts from his biography during the War. He also quotes the translator’s statements about the translation techniques and positions them in the context of contemporary theories of translation.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"2659 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture): the past and the present is a brief recollection of the history of Towarzystwo Poprawności Języka Polskiego (Society for the Proper Use of the Polish Language) and Towarzystwo Krzewienia Poprawności i Kultury Języka (Society for the Propagation of the Proper Use and Culture of the Polish Language), scientifi c societies operating in the period 1932–1939, the successor of which is Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture). It reminds also of the directions of the operation of TKJ and its accomplishments, with a particular focus on the works concerned with the implementation of the project entitled „Dialog pokoleń” (Dialogue of generations) and cooperation with the local governments of Mazovia and Podlasie poviats, cities and towns.
Towarzystwo Kultury JÉzyka（语言文化学会）：过去和现在是对Towarzyst wo Poprawności JÉzhika Polskiego（波兰语正确使用学会）和Towarzystowo Krzewienia Poprawno 347 ci i KulturyJÉzka（波兰文正确使用和文化传播学会）历史的简要回顾，1932年至1939年期间运作的科学学会，其继任者是语言文化学会。它还提醒了TKJ及其同伙的行动方向，特别关注与执行题为“世代对话”的项目有关的工作，以及与马佐维亚和波德拉西省地方政府、城镇的合作。
{"title":"Towarzystwo Kultury Języka – historia i współczesność","authors":"Józef Porayski-Pomsta","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture): \u0000the past and the present is a brief recollection of the history of Towarzystwo \u0000Poprawności Języka Polskiego (Society for the Proper Use of the Polish \u0000Language) and Towarzystwo Krzewienia Poprawności i Kultury Języka (Society \u0000for the Propagation of the Proper Use and Culture of the Polish Language), \u0000scientifi c societies operating in the period 1932–1939, the successor of which is \u0000Towarzystwo Kultury Języka (Society for Language Culture). It reminds also of \u0000the directions of the operation of TKJ and its accomplishments, with a particular \u0000focus on the works concerned with the implementation of the project entitled \u0000„Dialog pokoleń” (Dialogue of generations) and cooperation with the local \u0000governments of Mazovia and Podlasie poviats, cities and towns.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49239020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an analysis of the borrowed lexis used in press articles concerned with climate change. The aim of the research was to describe the thematic structure of foreign words, which refl ects the way in which global warming is perceived by the contemporary human being. The results of the conducted analysis have demonstrated that the greatest share belonged to the vocabulary related to the functioning of the human being in the society. The sphere related to the world of animate and inanimate nature was ranked second.
{"title":"Tematyczny podział zapożyczeń leksykalnych występujących w artykułach prasowych poświęconych zmianom klimatu","authors":"Milena Wojtyńska-Nowotka","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of the borrowed lexis used in press articles \u0000concerned with climate change. The aim of the research was to describe the \u0000thematic structure of foreign words, which refl ects the way in which global \u0000warming is perceived by the contemporary human being. The results of the \u0000conducted analysis have demonstrated that the greatest share belonged to the \u0000vocabulary related to the functioning of the human being in the society. The \u0000sphere related to the world of animate and inanimate nature was ranked second.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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