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Texture transition mechanisms in Monel 400 during cold metal transfer cladding 蒙乃尔400在冷金属转移包覆过程中的织构转变机制

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140171

Lalit Kumar Yadav , Joy Prakash Misra , Rajnesh Tyagi , Shubham Verma

This study investigates the crystallographic texture evolution of the Monel-400 clad surface produced by cold metal transfer (CMT) wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Microscopic analysis revealed distinct dendrites oriented along the building direction and interface, including equiaxed, cellular, and elongated columnar structures. The maximum ultimate strength of 815 ± 7.8 MPa was observed for the clad surface. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indicated high-strain texture, i.e., C

(110) < (11) (\bar{0})

and B

(111) < (1) (\bar{1} 0)

, for Monel-400. The orientation distribution function map (ODF) showed the combined texture formation of recrystallization (Goss

(110) (0) (01)

) and deformation texture (S

(123) (6) (34))

for a clad surface. Pole-figure and ODF maps indicate directional solidification during the CMT clad process. These texture-microstructure mechanisms contribute to a better understanding of the solidification process of CMT cladding, making Monel-400 well-suited for application in the marine and agriculture industries.

研究了冷金属转移（CMT）电弧增材制造（WAAM）制备的Monel-400复合材料表面的晶体织构演变。显微分析显示沿建筑方向和界面有明显的树突，包括等轴结构、细胞结构和细长柱状结构。覆层表面的最大极限强度为815±7.8 MPa。电子背散射衍射（EBSD）显示Monel-400的高应变织构为c110 <；110¯和b111 <；11¯0。取向分布函数图（ODF）显示了复合表面的再结晶织构（Goss110001）和变形织构（S 123634）复合织构的形成。极图和ODF图显示了CMT包覆过程中的定向凝固。这些织构-微观结构机制有助于更好地理解CMT包层的凝固过程，使Monel-400非常适合在海洋和农业工业中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Cooling curve thermal analysis, microstructure, and solidification characteristics of Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-(0,2)Zn-0.5Zr alloys mg - 5y - 2gd -2 -(0,2)Zn-0.5Zr合金的冷却曲线、热分析、显微组织及凝固特性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140155

Jiada Xu, Yuanke Fu, Changliang Wang, Yicheng Feng, Hang Su

In this paper, a comparative study was conducted on the solidification behavior and microstructure of Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy before and after adding Zn. The results showed that adding Zn significantly reduced eutectic temperature and solidus temperature. The addition of Zn shortened the time of quasi-solid stage effectively, which reduced hot tearing tendency. HTS reduced from 0.41 to 0.22. Compared with Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy, Zn had an efficient grain refinement effect, reducing the grain size by 22.0%.

本文对Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr合金在添加Zn前后的凝固行为和显微组织进行了对比研究。结果表明，添加Zn可显著降低共晶温度和固相温度。锌的加入有效地缩短了准固阶段的时间，降低了热撕裂倾向。HTS从0.41降低到0.22。与Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr合金相比，Zn具有有效的晶粒细化效果，晶粒尺寸减小22.0%。

引用次数: 0

Investigation of ceramic powders using piezoresponse force microscopy 用压电反应力显微镜研究陶瓷粉末

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140226

Nejc Suban , Silvo Drnovšek , Hana Uršič

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a widely used technique for probing the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of ceramic materials at the nanoscale. However, its application to ceramic powders remains challenging due to the irregular non-flat shape of the powders. In this study, an approach for PFM analysis of ceramic powders is presented, where ceramic powders are embedded in polymer resin and polished to achieve flat surface for PFM imaging. The approach is demonstrated on ferroelectric PbZr_0.53Ti_0.47O₃ (PZT) and 0.65Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.35PbTiO₃ (PMN-35PT) powders. PFM imaging reveals the piezoelectricity within the powder particles and localises the ferroelectric domains within them, while the PFM switching spectroscopy experiment is used to observe the domain switching behavior.

压电响应力显微镜（PFM）是一种在纳米尺度上广泛用于探测陶瓷材料的压电和铁电特性的技术。然而，由于粉末的不规则非扁平形状，其在陶瓷粉末中的应用仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，提出了一种陶瓷粉末PFM分析方法，将陶瓷粉末嵌入聚合物树脂中并抛光以获得用于PFM成像的平坦表面。该方法在铁电PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 （PZT）和0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.35PbTiO3 （PMN-35PT）粉末上得到了验证。PFM成像揭示了粉末颗粒内部的压电性，并定位了其内部的铁电畴，而PFM切换光谱实验则观察了畴的切换行为。

引用次数: 0

Resolving solidification-derived heterogeneities in a martensitic stainless steel by large-volume PFIB tomography 用大体积PFIB断层成像技术解决马氏体不锈钢凝固引起的非均质性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140178

Mehdi Mosayebi , Daniel Paquet , Pierre-Antony Deschênes , Laurent Tôn-Thât , Nabil Bassim

Large-volume PFIB-based 3D-EBSD/SEM tomography was used to resolve solidification-derived heterogeneities in a CA6NM martensitic steel. δ-ferrite particles, inclusions, and micropores were reconstructed in 3D, revealing distinct morphologies and spatial distributions. δ-ferrite morphology depends on proximity to prior-austenite grain boundaries, with boundary-attached particles remaining elongated and faceted, whereas particles within grain interiors evolve into small, spheroidal remnants. Micropores were classified into gas, gas-shrinkage, and shrinkage pores, while inclusions were uniformly small and near-spherical. Spatial analysis shows strong clustering of micropores relative to the more uniform distribution of δ-ferrite, highlighting the capability of PFIB-based 3D characterization to quantify solidification-derived heterogeneities in martensitic steels.

采用基于pfif的大体积3D-EBSD/SEM断层扫描技术分析了CA6NM马氏体钢中凝固引起的非均质性。三维重建δ铁氧体颗粒、夹杂体和微孔，显示出不同的形态和空间分布。δ-铁素体的形态取决于是否接近先前的奥氏体晶界，附着在晶界上的颗粒仍然呈细长状和多面状，而晶粒内部的颗粒则演变成小的球状残留物。微孔分为气孔、气缩孔和收缩孔，包裹体均匀小且接近球形。空间分析显示，相对于δ-铁素体更均匀的分布，微孔具有较强的聚类性，这突出了基于pfif的三维表征在量化马氏体钢中凝固引起的非均质性方面的能力。

引用次数: 0

Bioengineered cucumber pulp piezoelectric membranes: Bilayer-architected self-powered sensors for multimodal monitoring and eco-energy harvesting 生物工程黄瓜浆压电膜：用于多模态监测和生态能源收集的双层结构自供电传感器

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140156

Lina Zhang , Ping Huang , Pei Luo , Jue Wang , Xiying Wang , Shunjian Xu

To address the environmental issues of non-biodegradable fossil fuels, we present a flexible bio-piezoelectric membrane directly fabricated from natural cucumber pulp without complex chemical modification. Chosen for its abundant supply, easy processing into uniform films, and intrinsic cellulose microfibril alignment that promotes dipole ordering, cucumber pulp stands out among biomass materials. Utilizing the non-centrosymmetric cellulose I_β structure and aligned hydroxyl dipoles, the bilayer membrane delivers a high sensitivity of 38 mV·N⁻¹ with strong linearity (R² = 0.964). Flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable, the device effectively senses human motion, monitors vibrations, harvests wind energy, and operates in a real-time alarm microsystem for safety alerts. This work offers a practical route to convert abundant natural biomass into high-performance piezoelectric devices, advancing green energy conversion and circular economy goals.

为了解决不可生物降解化石燃料的环境问题，我们提出了一种柔性生物压电膜，直接由天然黄瓜浆制备，无需复杂的化学改性。选择黄瓜浆是因为其丰富的供应，容易加工成均匀的薄膜，以及内在的纤维素微纤维排列促进偶极有序，黄瓜浆在生物质材料中脱颖而出。利用非中心对称的纤维素Iβ结构和排列的羟基偶极子，双层膜具有38 mV·N−1的高灵敏度，线性关系强（R2 = 0.964）。该装置灵活、具有生物相容性和可生物降解性，能有效地感知人体运动、监测振动、收集风能，并在一个实时报警微系统中运行，以发出安全警报。这项工作为将丰富的天然生物质转化为高性能压电器件提供了一条实用的途径，促进了绿色能源转换和循环经济目标的实现。

引用次数: 0

Glycerol-LDH co-engineered P(NIPAm-AETC) hydrogels with high stretchability and thermoresistive strain sensing for wearable early warning 甘油- ldh协同工程P（NIPAm-AETC）水凝胶具有高拉伸性和热阻应变传感，可穿戴预警

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140112

Siqi Wang , Zijian Chen , Ting Li, Haowen Liu, Zhengze Zhang, Qi Yang, Chunxiang Wei, Wei Yang, Hongdian Lu

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels are attractive for wearable sensing but often lack mechanical robustness and multifunctionality. Here, a composite hydrogel (ANGL) is prepared by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide with (2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and incorporating glycerol and NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide nanosheets. ANGL delivers >6 MPa tensile strength and ∼600% elongation but endures only ∼14 loading-unloading cycles at 100% strain. The equilibrium-swollen hydrogel (ANGL_eq) retains 1.16 MPa strength and 898% elongation with 2000-cycle durability. ANGL_eq further enables 0–800% strain sensing, real-time motion monitoring and gesture control, and exhibits low-hysteresis thermoresistive response (20–60 °C) and rapid flame-triggered signals for early fire-warning.

聚（n -异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAm）水凝胶在可穿戴传感领域具有吸引力，但通常缺乏机械稳健性和多功能性。本研究将n -异丙基丙烯酰胺与（2-丙烯酰氧乙基）三甲基氯化铵共聚，并加入甘油和nical层状双氢氧化物纳米片制备复合水凝胶（ANGL）。ANGL提供了>； 6mpa的抗拉强度和~ 600%的伸长率，但在100%应变下只能承受~ 14次加载-卸载循环。平衡膨胀水凝胶（ANGLeq）的强度为1.16 MPa，伸长率为898%，具有2000次循环耐久性。ANGLeq进一步实现0-800%的应变传感、实时运动监测和手势控制，并具有低滞后热阻响应（20-60°C）和快速火焰触发信号，可用于早期火灾预警。

引用次数: 0

Al3+ doping during coprecipitation as effective route for improving the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich layered-type cathodes 共沉淀过程中掺杂Al3+是提高富镍层状阴极电化学性能的有效途径

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140136

M.A. Kamenskii , I.N. Kosykh , A.A. Korzhakov , V.V. Pakalnis , L.V. Mashyanova

Nickel-rich layered-type cathode materials are promising ones due to their high energy density and capacity. To overcome the structural instability of these materials during extended cycling, Al³⁺ ions were introduced during the precursor synthesis to achieve a stable and uniform elemental distribution in the final active material. The obtained material LiNi_0.86Co_0.08Mn_0.05Al_0.009O₂ demonstrated remarkable performance (205 and 151 mA∙h∙g⁻¹ at 0.1C and 2C) and excellent cyclic stability, retaining 83% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1C. The enhanced performance is associated with the effective enhancement of lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation kinetics, facilitated by the expansion of interlayer distances induced by Al³⁺ doping. Thus, precursor doping is simple and effective route to enhance the functional properties of the cathode materials.

富镍层状正极材料具有高能量密度和高容量等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。为了克服这些材料在长时间循环过程中的结构不稳定性，在前驱体合成过程中引入了Al3+离子，以实现最终活性材料中稳定均匀的元素分布。所得材料LiNi0.86Co0.08Mn0.05Al0.009O2在0.1C和2C条件下表现出优异的性能（205和151 mA∙h∙g−1）和良好的循环稳定性，在1C条件下循环100次后仍保持83%的初始容量。性能的增强与锂离子插/脱插动力学的有效增强有关，这是由Al3+掺杂引起的层间距离的扩大所促进的。因此，前驱体掺杂是提高正极材料功能性能的简单而有效的途径。

引用次数: 0

Photoenhanced supercapacitance in fractal silicon nanowire-based arrays 分形硅纳米线阵列中的光增强超级电容

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140164

Maurilio Galletta , Francesco Nastasi , Francesco Priolo , Antonio A. Leonardi , Alessia Irrera

Sustainable energy technologies necessitate efficient and reliable energy-storage systems complementing renewable energy generation. Supercapacitors offer superior power density and cycling stability, making them indispensable for high-power applications. Silicon, the cornerstone of microelectronics, is an earth-abundant material whose nanostructured forms, particularly silicon nanowires (SiNWs), exhibit promising electrochemical and optoelectronic properties. Here we report the fabrication and characterization of fractal and quantum confined SiNW-based supercapacitors exhibiting a fourfold enhancement in specific capacitance under simulated solar illumination. Electrochemical measurements reveal typical non-faradic behavior, with specific capacitance increasing from ≈300 μF/cm² in the dark to ≈1.2 mF/cm² under illumination. The results highlight the potential of SiNWs as photocapacitors for next-generation electrochemical energy-storage devices.

可持续能源技术需要高效可靠的储能系统来补充可再生能源发电。超级电容器提供卓越的功率密度和循环稳定性，使其成为高功率应用中不可或缺的。硅是微电子学的基石，是一种丰富的材料，其纳米结构形式，特别是硅纳米线（SiNWs），具有良好的电化学和光电子性能。在这里，我们报告了分形和量子限制的基于sinw的超级电容器的制造和表征，在模拟太阳光照下，其比电容增强了四倍。电化学测量显示出典型的非法拉进行为，比电容从黑暗中的≈300 μF/cm2增加到光照下的≈1.2 mF/cm2。结果突出了SiNWs作为下一代电化学储能装置的光电容器的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Balancing height, dilution and hardness in FeCoCrNiAl–Cr₃C₂ composite coatings via small-sample multi-objective optimization. 小样本多目标优化FeCoCrNiAl-Cr₃C₂复合涂层高度、稀释度和硬度的平衡

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140165

Qing Xu, Yuzhen Yu, Weikang Ding, Hao Jiang

A small-sample, multi-objective optimization strategy is developed for FeCoCrNiAl-Cr₃C₂ composite coatings deposited on 316 L stainless steel by laser-based additive manufacturing. Twenty-nine designed runs quantify the effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate and spot diameter on coating height (H), dilution ratio (

η

) and Vickers microhardness (

HV

). Quadratic response-surface models reproduce the experimental responses with coefficients of determination of 0.95–0.98, capturing variations of H= 0.69–0.94 mm,

η

= 10.0–21% and HV = 700–790 HV compared with ∼200 HV for 316 L. These surrogates are embedded in a hybrid NSGA-II-MOPSO algorithm to generate Pareto fronts, revealing a narrow operating window where H ≥ 0.90 mm,

η

≈ 10–15% and

HV

≥ 750 HV can be balanced. TOPSIS ranking identifies a compromise parameter set, for which validation experiments show prediction errors below ∼2% for H,

η

and

HV

, and a dense FeCoCrNiAl matrix reinforced by a bimodal population of Cr₃C₂ particles and fragmented carbides, consistent with the high hardness regime. The results demonstrate that RSM-assisted evolutionary optimization can reliably guide process design for high-entropy composite coatings under small-sample conditions.

采用激光增材制造技术，研究了316l不锈钢表面feccrnial - cr₃C₂复合涂层的小样本、多目标优化策略。29个设计试验量化了激光功率、扫描速度、粉末进料速度和光斑直径对涂层高度(H)、稀释比（η）和维氏显微硬度（HV）的影响。二次响应面模型再现了实验响应，决定系数为0.95-0.98，捕获了H= 0.69-0.94 mm, η = 10.0-21%和HV = 700-790 HV （316 l）与~ 200 HV的变化，这些替代值嵌入到混合NSGA-II-MOPSO算法中以生成Pareto前，揭示了一个狭窄的操作窗口，其中H≥0.90 mm， η≈10-15%和HV≥750 HV可以平衡。TOPSIS排名确定了一个折衷的参数集，验证实验表明，H、η和hv的预测误差低于~ 2%，以及由Cr₃C₂颗粒和破碎碳化物双峰居群增强的致密FeCoCrNiAl基体，与高硬度体系一致。结果表明，rsm辅助进化优化可以可靠地指导小样本条件下高熵复合涂层的工艺设计。

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引用次数: 0

A novel fire-resistant piezoresistive sponge for monitoring infant sleep behaviors and realizing edge-hazard warnings 一种用于监测婴儿睡眠行为并实现边缘危险预警的新型耐火压阻海绵

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140093

Xiangwen Gu, Haosen Xu, Ziqiang Xu, Xin Luo, Jinchen Liu, Yubao Cui, Tongqiang Shen

Herein, a novel fire-resistant piezoresistive sponge (denoted as Ni/APP@Sponge) is developed through a method involving the coating of nickel (Ni) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) particles. Owing to the interaction between Ni and APP particles, the char residue of Ni/APP@Sponge reaches 39.65 wt% at 800 °C under an air atmosphere. Furthermore, benefiting from the microstructures of the conductive fabric and the high conductivity of Ni particles, the sensitivity of Ni/APP@Sponge is as high as 14.28 kPa⁻¹ (5 kPa–11 kPa). The Ni/APP@Sponge can be arrayed in a layout to form a fire-resistant mattress, and the combination of software and hardware technology not only monitor sleep behaviors but also realize edge-hazard warnings. Therefore, this research offers a novel approach for advancing infant bedding toward higher safety and intelligent development.

本文通过镍（Ni）和聚磷酸铵（APP）颗粒包覆的方法，研制了一种新型耐火压阻海绵（Ni /APP@Sponge）。由于Ni和APP粒子之间的相互作用，在800℃的空气气氛下，Ni/APP@Sponge的焦炭残渣达到39.65 wt%。此外，得益于导电织物的微观结构和Ni粒子的高导电性，Ni/APP@Sponge的灵敏度高达14.28 kPa−1 （5 kPa - 11 kPa）。Ni/APP@Sponge可以排列成一个布局，形成一个防火床垫，结合软硬件技术，不仅可以监控睡眠行为，还可以实现边缘危险预警。因此，本研究为推动婴儿床上用品向更高的安全性和智能化发展提供了一条新的途径。

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