Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137638
Zhiping Li , Mengjia Yao , Tao He , Xianghong Liu , Binqiang Li , Liangshun Luo , Yanqing Su
The solidification process of Ti-40Al alloy, a representative β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy, is investigated in-situ using high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy (HTLSCM). During the heating process, Ti-40Al alloy exhibits a complete β phase microstructure; however, peritectic α phase is observed during solidification. The occurrence of peritectic α phase is discussed and attributed to the segregation of Al under certain solidification conditions. This finding is further confirmed in the directional solidification of another β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy, TNM alloy, and it provides valuable guidance for controlling the microstructure of β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloys.
{"title":"In-situ observation of solidification process in β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy","authors":"Zhiping Li , Mengjia Yao , Tao He , Xianghong Liu , Binqiang Li , Liangshun Luo , Yanqing Su","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solidification process of Ti-40Al alloy, a representative β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy, is investigated in-situ using high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy (HTLSCM). During the heating process, Ti-40Al alloy exhibits a complete β phase microstructure; however, peritectic α phase is observed during solidification. The occurrence of peritectic α phase is discussed and attributed to the segregation of Al under certain solidification conditions. This finding is further confirmed in the directional solidification of another β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy, TNM alloy, and it provides valuable guidance for controlling the microstructure of β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 137638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137633
Eunjin Jo , YehRi Kim , Sangmin Lee , Masahiko Nishijima , Chuantong Chen , Katsuaki Suganuma , Young-Bae Park , Dongjin Kim
In this study, the sintering of Ag sheets on bare Cu substrate in an air atmosphere without oxidation was achieved by developing a uniform pressure and oxidation inhibition bonding process. Bare Cu substrates and Ag plated dies were bonded with a nano scaled porous Ag sheet at 250 °C and 280 °C in an air atmosphere using an oxygen-blocking pressure bonding system. Oxygen-free Ag nanoporous sheet bonding achieved over 39 MPa strength in air, with up to 30 % bonding ratio increase as temperature rose, depending on necking length and connection. The microstructure of the Ag sintered layer was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.
在这项研究中，通过开发一种均压和氧化抑制键合工艺，实现了在空气环境中在裸铜基底上烧结无氧化银片。在 250 °C 和 280 °C 的空气环境中，使用阻氧压力键合系统将裸铜基板和镀银模具与纳米级多孔银片键合。无氧纳米多孔银片在空气中的粘接强度超过 39 兆帕，随着温度的升高，粘接率可提高 30%，具体取决于缩颈长度和连接方式。透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析进一步研究了银烧结层的微观结构。
{"title":"Oxidation-free silver porous sheet bonding onto a bare copper substrate in air","authors":"Eunjin Jo , YehRi Kim , Sangmin Lee , Masahiko Nishijima , Chuantong Chen , Katsuaki Suganuma , Young-Bae Park , Dongjin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the sintering of Ag sheets on bare Cu substrate in an air atmosphere without oxidation was achieved by developing a uniform pressure and oxidation inhibition bonding process. Bare Cu substrates and Ag plated dies were bonded with a nano scaled porous Ag sheet at 250 °C and 280 °C in an air atmosphere using an oxygen-blocking pressure bonding system. Oxygen-free Ag nanoporous sheet bonding achieved over 39 MPa strength in air, with up to 30 % bonding ratio increase as temperature rose, depending on necking length and connection. The microstructure of the Ag sintered layer was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 137633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the corrosion behavior of a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy with a Sc/Zr ratio of less than 1 in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of an Al matrix with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and the secondary phase Al3(Sc,Zr) with L12 crystal structure. Microstructural analysis indicated a bimodal grain size distribution with fine equiaxed and columnar grains influenced by thermal gradients and secondary phase Al3(Sc,Zr). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests in 3.5wt% NaCl solution demonstrated that the alloy exhibits a less negative corrosion potential (Ecorr) and lower corrosion current density (icorr) compared to other Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys with higher Sc/Zr ratios, indicating superior corrosion resistance. The enhanced performance is attributed to the fine grain structure and the formation of a stable protective oxide layer facilitated by the higher Zr content.
{"title":"Corrosion studies of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy with Low Sc/Zr ratio fabricated by laser powder bed fusion for marine environments","authors":"Ajaykumar Udayraj Yadav , Priyanshu Bajaj , R.L. Narayan , K.S.N. Vikrant","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion behavior of a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy with a Sc/Zr ratio of less than 1 in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of an Al matrix with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and the secondary phase Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc,Zr) with L1<sub>2</sub> crystal structure. Microstructural analysis indicated a bimodal grain size distribution with fine equiaxed and columnar grains influenced by thermal gradients and secondary phase Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc,Zr). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests in 3.5wt% NaCl solution demonstrated that the alloy exhibits a less negative corrosion potential (E<sub>corr</sub>) and lower corrosion current density (i<sub>corr</sub>) compared to other Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys with higher Sc/Zr ratios, indicating superior corrosion resistance. The enhanced performance is attributed to the fine grain structure and the formation of a stable protective oxide layer facilitated by the higher Zr content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 137595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137632
J.X. Zhao , R. Zhong , G.Y. Lu , D.X. Xia , J.H. Cong , C.J. Shang
Generally, the toughness of steel is greatly influenced by the density of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). However, in bainitic steel, various types of boundaries can exhibit high angles, potentially leading to differences in their contributions to toughness. In this research, two steel samples with same chemical composition, similar strength and elongation, and comparable HAGBs densities demonstrated varying absorption energies in Charpy impact tests conducted at 20 °C and −40 °C. Crystallographic analysis revealed that although both samples have similar density of HAGBs, prior austenite boundaries and packet boundaries contribute more to impact absorption energy by enhancing plasticity compared to block boundaries. The discrepancy was particularly notable due to the high proportion of V1/V2 variant boundaries within the block boundaries. The findings underscore the significance of understanding the nuanced contributions of different HAGB types to the toughness of bainitic steels.
一般来说，钢的韧性在很大程度上受高角度晶界（HAGB）密度的影响。然而，在贝氏体钢中，各种类型的晶界都可能表现出高角度，这可能导致它们对韧性的贡献不同。在这项研究中，两种化学成分相同、强度和伸长率相似、HAGBs 密度相当的钢材样品在 20 °C 和 -40 °C 下进行的夏比冲击试验中表现出不同的吸收能。晶体学分析表明，虽然两种样品的 HAGBs 密度相似，但与块状边界相比，先奥氏体边界和包状边界通过增强塑性对冲击吸收能量的贡献更大。由于块体边界中 V1/V2 变体边界的比例较高，这种差异尤为明显。这些发现强调了了解不同 HAGB 类型对贝氏体钢韧性的细微贡献的重要性。
{"title":"Exploring variations in toughness contributions across different types of high-angle grain boundaries in bainitic steels","authors":"J.X. Zhao , R. Zhong , G.Y. Lu , D.X. Xia , J.H. Cong , C.J. Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generally, the toughness of steel is greatly influenced by the density of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). However, in bainitic steel, various types of boundaries can exhibit high angles, potentially leading to differences in their contributions to toughness. In this research, two steel samples with same chemical composition, similar strength and elongation, and comparable HAGBs densities demonstrated varying absorption energies in Charpy impact tests conducted at 20 °C and −40 °C. Crystallographic analysis revealed that although both samples have similar density of HAGBs, prior austenite boundaries and packet boundaries contribute more to impact absorption energy by enhancing plasticity compared to block boundaries. The discrepancy was particularly notable due to the high proportion of V1/V2 variant boundaries within the block boundaries. The findings underscore the significance of understanding the nuanced contributions of different HAGB types to the toughness of bainitic steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 137632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137635
Wan-Ting Chiu , Masaki Tahara , Hideki Hosoda
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), smart materials for sensors, absorbers, and dampers, have attracted great attention. Carbonyl Fe particles integrating an elastomer and additives are often seen. Nonetheless, time-consuming and complicated fabrication processes are encountered, and the carbonyl coating also deteriorates the magnetorheological (MR) effect. This study, to solve these dilemmas, worked on a facile fabrication process, while MREs show proper cyclic stability and good MR effect. The output stress is almost saturated after 30 times of compression. The absolute and relative MR effects of 1.11 MPa and 33.3 % were achieved, and the threshold value is located between 16Fe and 24Fe composites.
{"title":"A facile fabrication for the magnetorheological elastomer composed of Fe particles and silicone rubber matrix","authors":"Wan-Ting Chiu , Masaki Tahara , Hideki Hosoda","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), smart materials for sensors, absorbers, and dampers, have attracted great attention. Carbonyl Fe particles integrating an elastomer and additives are often seen. Nonetheless, time-consuming and complicated fabrication processes are encountered, and the carbonyl coating also deteriorates the magnetorheological (MR) effect. This study, to solve these dilemmas, worked on a facile fabrication process, while MREs show proper cyclic stability and good MR effect. The output stress is almost saturated after 30 times of compression. The absolute and relative MR effects of 1.11 MPa and 33.3 % were achieved, and the threshold value is located between 16Fe and 24Fe composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 137635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137631
Zhenzhong Liu , Chenyang Guo , Jialei Ying , Xinlei Xu , Yang Xu , Qijie Liu , Guihua Chen , Xiaolu Qu , Yongzheng Yue , Changyan Xue
In this study, a novel N-doped Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 ozonation catalyst were fabricated by sequential coating of polydopamine (PDA) via self-polymerization and MnO2 loading via calcination processes. The ozonation catalyst was characterized by XRD and XPS, confirming the successful preparation of N-doped Al2O3/PDA/MnO2. The decoration of PDA polymer can enhance the loading and dispersion properties of MnO2 on Al2O3 spheres. In contrast, the apparent rate constant of N-doped Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 ozonation catalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation was 2.67 times than that of undoped Al2O3/MnO2. This work provides a general strategy for exploring novel polymer-assisted functional Al2O3 based ozonation catalyst for waste water treatment applications.
本研究通过自聚合法包覆聚多巴胺（PDA）和煅烧法负载 MnO2，制备了新型 N 掺杂 Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 臭氧催化剂。通过 XRD 和 XPS 对臭氧催化剂进行了表征，证实了 N 掺杂 Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 的成功制备。PDA 聚合物的装饰可以提高 MnO2 在 Al2O3 球体上的负载和分散性能。相比之下，掺杂 N 的 Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 臭氧催化剂降解亚甲基蓝（MB）的表观速率常数是未掺杂 Al2O3/MnO2 的 2.67 倍。这项工作为探索新型聚合物辅助功能 Al2O3 臭氧催化剂在废水处理中的应用提供了一种通用策略。
{"title":"Polydopamine assisted synthesis of N-doped Al2O3/PDA/MnO2 for enhanced catalytic ozonation of MB in waste water","authors":"Zhenzhong Liu , Chenyang Guo , Jialei Ying , Xinlei Xu , Yang Xu , Qijie Liu , Guihua Chen , Xiaolu Qu , Yongzheng Yue , Changyan Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel N-doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PDA/MnO<sub>2</sub> ozonation catalyst were fabricated by sequential coating of polydopamine (PDA) via self-polymerization and MnO<sub>2</sub> loading via calcination processes. The ozonation catalyst was characterized by XRD and XPS, confirming the successful preparation of N-doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PDA/MnO<sub>2.</sub> The decoration of PDA polymer can enhance the loading and dispersion properties of MnO<sub>2</sub> on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> spheres. In contrast, the apparent rate constant of N-doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PDA/MnO<sub>2</sub> ozonation catalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation was 2.67 times than that of undoped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MnO<sub>2</sub>. This work provides a general strategy for exploring novel polymer-assisted functional Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> based ozonation catalyst for waste water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 137631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137624
Qiaole Hu , Yue Feng , Chao Fang , Yong Wang , Li Yang , Zhenzhen Xu , Yaqin Fu , Yunxia Chen , Fangtao Ruan , Xifang Shi
The trend towards lightweighting in new energy vehicles is increasingly focusing on substituting steel with plastics. Achieving cost-effective, highly infiltrated thermoplastic composites is pivotal. This research employs the co-wrapping method to fabricate glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) yarns, and integrates weaving with compression molding for GF/PP composite preparation. Results indicate that optimized co-wrapping parameters and structure effectively minimize glass fiber damage and enhance yarn mechanical properties, particularly with the double-wrapped PP yarn (GF/DPP). Under conditions of 5 MPa, 205 °C, and 10 min, GF/DPP composites achieve the highest tensile fracture strength (1350 N). The co-wrapped GF/DPP yarn not only achieves excellent infiltration, but also significantly reducing the thermoplastic composite preparation time. This advancement could open new avenues for the lightweight structural design and manufacturing of thermoplastic composites.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites prepared via the co-wrapping method","authors":"Qiaole Hu , Yue Feng , Chao Fang , Yong Wang , Li Yang , Zhenzhen Xu , Yaqin Fu , Yunxia Chen , Fangtao Ruan , Xifang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trend towards lightweighting in new energy vehicles is increasingly focusing on substituting steel with plastics. Achieving cost-effective, highly infiltrated thermoplastic composites is pivotal. This research employs the co-wrapping method to fabricate glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) yarns, and integrates weaving with compression molding for GF/PP composite preparation. Results indicate that optimized co-wrapping parameters and structure effectively minimize glass fiber damage and enhance yarn mechanical properties, particularly with the double-wrapped PP yarn (GF/DPP). Under conditions of 5 MPa, 205 °C, and 10 min, GF/DPP composites achieve the highest tensile fracture strength (1350 N). The co-wrapped GF/DPP yarn not only achieves excellent infiltration, but also significantly reducing the thermoplastic composite preparation time. This advancement could open new avenues for the lightweight structural design and manufacturing of thermoplastic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 137624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137637
Cirong Wang , Chuanyu Jin , Ting Wang , Zhenlong Liang , Fangjie Xie , Yaning Chang
Thermal batteries, which are essential for applications in extreme environments, require cathode materials with high specific energy and thermal stability. In this study, metal vanadates were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method followed by high-temperature sintering, offering a promising alternative for conventional transition metal sulfides. The synthesized FeVO4 exhibits phase purity, while copper and nickel vanadates show secondary phases, indicating challenges in achieving pure-phase synthesis of metal vanadates. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that FeVO4 cathode delivers an initial discharge voltage of 2.65 V and a specific capacity of 190 mAh/g. Whereas the FeVO4/CNTs composite cathode demonstrates an enhanced specific capacity of 253.66 mAh/g, which is attributed to prolonged discharge plateaus. Phase evolution studies indicated that FeVO4 reacts with molten salts during high-temperature discharge, leading to the formation of Fe2O3 and Li0.3V2O5, which contribute to the observed stepwise discharge behavior. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing the interactions between cathode materials and molten salts to improve the performance of high-temperature thermal batteries.
{"title":"Efficient synthesis of FeVO4 cathode materials in high specific energy thermal batteries","authors":"Cirong Wang , Chuanyu Jin , Ting Wang , Zhenlong Liang , Fangjie Xie , Yaning Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal batteries, which are essential for applications in extreme environments, require cathode materials with high specific energy and thermal stability. In this study, metal vanadates were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method followed by high-temperature sintering, offering a promising alternative for conventional transition metal sulfides. The synthesized FeVO<sub>4</sub> exhibits phase purity, while copper and nickel vanadates show secondary phases, indicating challenges in achieving pure-phase synthesis of metal vanadates. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that FeVO<sub>4</sub> cathode delivers an initial discharge voltage of 2.65 V and a specific capacity of 190 mAh/g. Whereas the FeVO<sub>4</sub>/CNTs composite cathode demonstrates an enhanced specific capacity of 253.66 mAh/g, which is attributed to prolonged discharge plateaus. Phase evolution studies indicated that FeVO<sub>4</sub> reacts with molten salts during high-temperature discharge, leading to the formation of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Li<sub>0.3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, which contribute to the observed stepwise discharge behavior. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing the interactions between cathode materials and molten salts to improve the performance of high-temperature thermal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 137637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137619
R. Podor , J. Lautru , R. Pokorny , Z. Nabyl , S. Schuller
In-situ High-Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (HT-ESEM) is used to characterize the transient phases formed during the melting of complex glass batch mixtures representing simulated nuclear waste feeds. The first phenomenon that occurs is the formation of oxyanionic salt melt, followed by the reaction of oxyanionic salts with refractory grains containing Si, Al, or Mg through surface reactions to form a molten alkali-alumino-boro-silicate phase. The onset temperatures of gas bubble formation and primary foaming are directly determined from the HT-ESEM measurements. The formation of sulfate lakes as well as the formation of high-temperature transient phases floating at the sample surface are also directly observed and identified. Convection currents are observed and their consequences on glass homogenization are discussed.
{"title":"High temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy characterization of transient phase formation during conversion of simulated nuclear waste feed to glass","authors":"R. Podor , J. Lautru , R. Pokorny , Z. Nabyl , S. Schuller","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ High-Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (HT-ESEM) is used to characterize the transient phases formed during the melting of complex glass batch mixtures representing simulated nuclear waste feeds. The first phenomenon that occurs is the formation of oxyanionic salt melt, followed by the reaction of oxyanionic salts with refractory grains containing Si, Al, or Mg through surface reactions to form a molten alkali-alumino-boro-silicate phase. The onset temperatures of gas bubble formation and primary foaming are directly determined from the HT-ESEM measurements. The formation of sulfate lakes as well as the formation of high-temperature transient phases floating at the sample surface are also directly observed and identified. Convection currents are observed and their consequences on glass homogenization are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 137619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microstructure and resistance to high-temperatures molten chloride salt corrosion of NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl coating was investigated. The pre-oxidation integrates NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl multilayer coating into a unified structure, resulting in the formation of a continuous dense oxide layer. During corrosion process, the oxide layer initially grows and thickens, then reaches a stable state, and finally becomes thinner. The mass change remained at approximately −2.5 ± 0.2 mg/cm2 after 162 h of corrosion. The structural design of the multi-layer coating further increases the thickness of the Al2O3 layer and strengthens the coating’s resistance corrosion. This fully utilizes the role of the pure Al layer as Al source and also takes advantage of Si addition to promote the formation of Al2O3 layer and hinder the diffusion of Cr.
研究了 NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl 涂层的微观结构和抗高温熔融氯盐腐蚀性能。预氧化将 NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl 多层涂层整合成一个统一的结构，从而形成连续致密的氧化层。在腐蚀过程中，氧化层最初变大变厚，然后达到稳定状态，最后变薄。腐蚀 162 h 后，质量变化保持在约 -2.5 ± 0.2 mg/cm2 的水平。多层涂层的结构设计进一步增加了 Al2O3 层的厚度，增强了涂层的抗腐蚀能力。这充分发挥了纯 Al 层作为 Al 源的作用，同时也利用了添加 Si 的优势，促进了 Al2O3 层的形成，阻碍了 Cr 的扩散。
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and HT molten chloride salts corrosion performance of novel NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl multilayer coatings for CSP application","authors":"Shipeng Xu , Yuehong Zheng , Faqi Zhan , Peiqing La","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and resistance to high-temperatures molten chloride salt corrosion of NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl coating was investigated. The pre-oxidation integrates NiAl/Al/Si-NiAl multilayer coating into a unified structure, resulting in the formation of a continuous dense oxide layer. During corrosion process, the oxide layer initially grows and thickens, then reaches a stable state, and finally becomes thinner. The mass change remained at approximately −2.5 ± 0.2 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> after 162 h of corrosion. The structural design of the multi-layer coating further increases the thickness of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer and strengthens the coating’s resistance corrosion. This fully utilizes the role of the pure Al layer as Al source and also takes advantage of Si addition to promote the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer and hinder the diffusion of Cr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 137623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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