Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2024.150355
Ľubor Pilárik, Petr Mikoška, Jakub Helvich, Alica Melišíková
The aim of our study was to verify relationships between individual difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and compassion (to self and others) with the presence of depressive symptomatology in a sample of Slovak adolescents during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the sample of 140 Slovak adolescents (age between 17–19 years) was administrated The Beck Depression Inventory- II. (Beck et al., 1996), The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (Bentley et al., 2014), The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale and The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (Gu et al., 2019). Results revealed that difficulties in ER (all subscales) and expressive suppression were in positive relationships with depression symptoms. Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion were in negative relationships with depression symptoms. Lack of ER strategies and cognitive reappraisal (inversely) were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that ER strategies (mainly cognitive reappraisal) could be assumed as protective factors in adolescent depression symptoms development in stressful circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.
我们的研究旨在验证 COVID-19 大流行第二波期间斯洛伐克青少年样本中个人在情绪调节（ER）、ER 策略（认知再评价和表达性抑制）和同情（对自己和他人）方面的困难与抑郁症状之间的关系。对 140 名斯洛伐克青少年（年龄在 17-19 岁之间）进行了贝克抑郁量表-II（Beck et al.(Beck等人，1996年）、整体抑郁严重程度和损害量表（Bentley等人，2014年）、情绪调节问卷（Gross和John，2003年）、情绪调节困难量表（Gratz和Roemer，2004年）、苏塞克斯-牛津同情自己量表和苏塞克斯-牛津同情他人量表（Gu等人，2019年）。结果显示，ER（所有分量表）和表达性抑制困难与抑郁症状呈正相关。认知再评价和自我同情与抑郁症状呈负相关。缺乏应急策略和认知重评（成反比）是抑郁症状的最强预测因素。这些研究结果表明，在COVID-19大流行的压力环境下，ER策略（主要是认知再评价）可被认为是青少年抑郁症状发展的保护因素。
{"title":"Effective emotion regulation as a protective factor of depression symptoms in Slovak adolescents during a COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ľubor Pilárik, Petr Mikoška, Jakub Helvich, Alica Melišíková","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2024.150355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2024.150355","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to verify relationships between individual difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and compassion (to self and others) with the presence of depressive symptomatology in a sample of Slovak adolescents during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the sample of 140 Slovak adolescents (age between 17–19 years) was administrated The Beck Depression Inventory- II. (Beck et al., 1996), The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (Bentley et al., 2014), The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale and The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (Gu et al., 2019). Results revealed that difficulties in ER (all subscales) and expressive suppression were in positive relationships with depression symptoms. Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion were in negative relationships with depression symptoms. Lack of ER strategies and cognitive reappraisal (inversely) were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that ER strategies (mainly cognitive reappraisal) could be assumed as protective factors in adolescent depression symptoms development in stressful circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"124 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2024.150351
Adrianna Wielgopolan, K. Imbir
Mixed emotions remain a fascinating, yet still understudied phenomenon. All of the previous research has focused solely on ambivalence, studying only the mix of positivity and negativity in emotions (the dimensions of valence). We sum up the already existing knowledge about the dimensional approach to ambivalence and its consequences. Based directly on this knowledge, we introduce a new theoretical model describing ambiguity in four additional dimensions (apart from valence), grouped into two bivariate spaces: origin (dimensions of automaticity and reflectiveness) and activation (arousal and subjective significance). Both of these spaces have never been studied before in the context of ambiguity and mixed feelings. Future implications of the new model are discussed, including any potential impact on the methodology of research and the possible advantages in understanding and describing emotional experiences.
{"title":"Is the ambiguity of emotion multidimensional? The ambiguous valence, activation and origin of emotions","authors":"Adrianna Wielgopolan, K. Imbir","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2024.150351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2024.150351","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed emotions remain a fascinating, yet still understudied phenomenon. All of the previous research has focused solely on ambivalence, studying only the mix of positivity and negativity in emotions (the dimensions of valence). We sum up the already existing knowledge about the dimensional approach to ambivalence and its consequences. Based directly on this knowledge, we introduce a new theoretical model describing ambiguity in four additional dimensions (apart from valence), grouped into two bivariate spaces: origin (dimensions of automaticity and reflectiveness) and activation (arousal and subjective significance). Both of these spaces have never been studied before in the context of ambiguity and mixed feelings. Future implications of the new model are discussed, including any potential impact on the methodology of research and the possible advantages in understanding and describing emotional experiences.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2024.150353
Pierre De Oliveira, A. Auzoult
In this study we examine the relationship between the perception of being objectified in the workplace and the self-assessment of worth on a personal level, i.e. social desirability and social utility. This relationship is thought to be mediated by self-objectification in the workplace. 241 participants responded to an online questionnaire to measure these different variables. The results confirm a negative relationship between the perception of being objectified and the people’s worth, as well as mediation through self-objectification. This phenomenon could describe a deleterious spiral where the worker, through the internalization of a low social value, contributes to their dehu-manization at work.
{"title":"How is objectification related to a devaluation of people in the workplace?","authors":"Pierre De Oliveira, A. Auzoult","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2024.150353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2024.150353","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we examine the relationship between the perception of being objectified in the workplace and the self-assessment of worth on a personal level, i.e. social desirability and social utility. This relationship is thought to be mediated by self-objectification in the workplace. 241 participants responded to an online questionnaire to measure these different variables. The results confirm a negative relationship between the perception of being objectified and the people’s worth, as well as mediation through self-objectification. This phenomenon could describe a deleterious spiral where the worker, through the internalization of a low social value, contributes to their dehu-manization at work.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"121 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2024.150354
Jacob Céline, Nicolas Guéguen, Pascual Alexandre, Lamy Lubomir
This study examined the effect of the pique technique preceded by a disrupting process. Passersby in the street were asked for money, either for a common amount of change (control) or 37 cents (pique technique). In half of the cases, the requester added a disrupting sentence at the beginning of the request. Results showed that the pique technique alone and the disrupting technique alone increased compliance with the request. Adding a first disrupting sentence to the pique also increased compliance compared with the other three conditions. These results support the theoretical explanation that the initial disrupting sentence associated with the pique could reduce the influence of the refusal script activated by the money request
{"title":"Disrupt Pique Technique: When Disrupting First Increases the Effectiveness of the Pique Technique","authors":"Jacob Céline, Nicolas Guéguen, Pascual Alexandre, Lamy Lubomir","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2024.150354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2024.150354","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of the pique technique preceded by a disrupting process. Passersby in the street were asked for money, either for a common amount of change (control) or 37 cents (pique technique). In half of the cases, the requester added a disrupting sentence at the beginning of the request. Results showed that the pique technique alone and the disrupting technique alone increased compliance with the request. Adding a first disrupting sentence to the pique also increased compliance compared with the other three conditions. These results support the theoretical explanation that the initial disrupting sentence associated with the pique could reduce the influence of the refusal script activated by the money request","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148844
Jakub Kuś, Agata Kocimska-Bortnowska
Diffusion of responsibility is a well-known effect widely studied in a real-life setting. It can occur in a situation in which the more people observe a crisis event, the less likely it is that someone will react and provide real assistance. These days of a galloping digital revolution a question is to be raised as to whether the same effect can be observed in the online space of communication. In order to investigate this phenomenon we designed a study aimed at testing whether people exposed to a situation of cyberbullying will decide to take action against it depending on how many other Internet users are also aware of that crisis. Results obtained by us confirmed the existence of the diffusion of responsibility in the Internet similar to that observed in our daily lives. We also confirmed that a well-known influence technique “Even a penny will help” (in our study “every reaction will help”) can be effectively used to model behaviour online. In our times of digital revolution, those outcomes can be a step both toward understanding human behaviour in the online setting, showing us that it is not that different from the one presented in real live face-to-face communication and toward helping deal with antisocial behaviour people face online on a daily basis.
{"title":"Using Social Influence Technique as a Tool to Reduce the Diffusion of Responsibility on the Internet","authors":"Jakub Kuś, Agata Kocimska-Bortnowska","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148844","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion of responsibility is a well-known effect widely studied in a real-life setting. It can occur in a situation in which the more people observe a crisis event, the less likely it is that someone will react and provide real assistance. These days of a galloping digital revolution a question is to be raised as to whether the same effect can be observed in the online space of communication. In order to investigate this phenomenon we designed a study aimed at testing whether people exposed to a situation of cyberbullying will decide to take action against it depending on how many other Internet users are also aware of that crisis. Results obtained by us confirmed the existence of the diffusion of responsibility in the Internet similar to that observed in our daily lives. We also confirmed that a well-known influence technique “Even a penny will help” (in our study “every reaction will help”) can be effectively used to model behaviour online. In our times of digital revolution, those outcomes can be a step both toward understanding human behaviour in the online setting, showing us that it is not that different from the one presented in real live face-to-face communication and toward helping deal with antisocial behaviour people face online on a daily basis.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148846
Michał Jaśkiewicz, Rafael Piotrkowski, Karolina Sas-Bojarska, Agata Walaszczyk
The aim of the two studies (N = 245 and N = 199) was to investigate the predictors of environmental guilt and analyze its mediating role between human-nature relationship and pro-environmental behavior intentions. In the first study, the connectedness to nature and social dominance orientation emerged as predictors of environmental guilt. In addition, guilt was an important mediator of the relationship between the connectedness and individual pro- environmental behavior. In the second study, guilt was predicted by gender, by locating the causes of the climate crisis in human activities rather than in the Earth's natural cycles, and by environmental nostalgia. In addition, guilt mediated the relationship between environmental nostalgia and willingness to engage in collective action and support systemic changes. Thus, environmental guilt seems to be an important factor in predicting a wide range of environmentally friendly activities: individual behavioral intentions, willingness to engage in collective actions, and support for systemic changes.
这两项研究（N = 245 和 N = 199）的目的是调查环境负罪感的预测因素，并分析其在人与自然的关系和亲环境行为意向之间的中介作用。在第一项研究中，与自然的联系和社会主导取向成为环境负罪感的预测因素。此外，内疚感也是关联性与个人亲环境行为之间关系的重要中介因素。在第二项研究中，性别、将气候危机的原因归咎于人类活动而非地球的自然循环以及环境怀旧情绪都会预测内疚感。此外，内疚感还对环境怀旧情绪与参与集体行动和支持系统变革的意愿之间的关系起到了中介作用。因此，环境内疚似乎是预测一系列环境友好活动的重要因素：个人行为意向、参与集体行动的意愿以及对系统变革的支持。
{"title":"Predictors of environmental guilt, and its role as a mediator of the association between human-nature relation and pro-environmental behavior intentions","authors":"Michał Jaśkiewicz, Rafael Piotrkowski, Karolina Sas-Bojarska, Agata Walaszczyk","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148846","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the two studies (N = 245 and N = 199) was to investigate the predictors of environmental guilt and analyze its mediating role between human-nature relationship and pro-environmental behavior intentions. In the first study, the connectedness to nature and social dominance orientation emerged as predictors of environmental guilt. In addition, guilt was an important mediator of the relationship between the connectedness and individual pro- environmental behavior. In the second study, guilt was predicted by gender, by locating the causes of the climate crisis in human activities rather than in the Earth's natural cycles, and by environmental nostalgia. In addition, guilt mediated the relationship between environmental nostalgia and willingness to engage in collective action and support systemic changes. Thus, environmental guilt seems to be an important factor in predicting a wide range of environmentally friendly activities: individual behavioral intentions, willingness to engage in collective actions, and support for systemic changes.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"48 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148848
Aleksandra Penza, Agata Gąsiorowska
We examined the role of work-related emotions and personal resources operationalised as psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between events occurring at work and employees’ work engagement. Using affective events theory and broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, we theorise that the perceived frequency of positive and negative events at work and work engagement is mediated by positive and negative work-related emotions and moderated by PsyCap. The results of path analysis on a sample of US and Polish employees showed that PsyCap moderated the relationship between the perceived frequency of negative work events and negative work-related emotions, however, we also found culture-specific effects of PsyCap. Our study contributes to the human resource development (HRD) literature by providing evidence of the role of personal resources in the event–emotion–engagement process in the workplace. Also, our findings deepen the understanding of HR developers in multinational organisations and provide suggestions on how they can implement PsyCap trainings based on culture-specific work environment.
{"title":"Linking Work Events with Work Engagement: Mediating Role of Emotions and Moderating Role of Psychological Capital","authors":"Aleksandra Penza, Agata Gąsiorowska","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148848","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the role of work-related emotions and personal resources operationalised as psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between events occurring at work and employees’ work engagement. Using affective events theory and broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, we theorise that the perceived frequency of positive and negative events at work and work engagement is mediated by positive and negative work-related emotions and moderated by PsyCap. The results of path analysis on a sample of US and Polish employees showed that PsyCap moderated the relationship between the perceived frequency of negative work events and negative work-related emotions, however, we also found culture-specific effects of PsyCap. Our study contributes to the human resource development (HRD) literature by providing evidence of the role of personal resources in the event–emotion–engagement process in the workplace. Also, our findings deepen the understanding of HR developers in multinational organisations and provide suggestions on how they can implement PsyCap trainings based on culture-specific work environment.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148845
Luís Andrade, Claúdia Santos, Liliana Faria
The purpose of this paper is to examine two hypothetical models: one in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on turnover intention and performance, and another in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on performance. Data were collected from 318 call center employees in Portugal. The relationships were tested using a multiple regression hierarchy with PROCESS. As hypothesized, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between overqualification and turnover intentions. It appears that overqualification alone does not influence intention to quit, but rather does so via satisfaction. Job satisfaction also mediates the relationship between overqualification and job performance. However, perceptions of non-growth appear to be associated with a decline in contextual performance. The effects of overqualification on turnover intentions and job performance of call center employees have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap. Our study joins the small number of studies that analyze the mechanisms explaining the relationship between this mismatch between job demands and employees' perceived education, skills, experience, and work outcomes.
本文旨在研究两个假设模型：一个是工作满意度作为资格过高对离职意向和绩效影响的中介，另一个是工作满意度作为资格过高对绩效影响的中介。数据收集自葡萄牙的 318 名呼叫中心员工。这些关系通过 PROCESS 多元回归层次结构进行了检验。正如假设的那样，工作满意度是资格过高与离职意向之间关系的中介。看来，资格过高本身并不会影响离职意向，而是会通过满意度产生影响。工作满意度也是资格过高与工作绩效之间关系的中介。然而，对不增长的看法似乎与环境绩效的下降有关。关于资格过高对呼叫中心员工离职意向和工作绩效的影响，以前还没有人进行过研究。因此，本研究旨在填补这一空白。我们的研究加入了分析工作需求与员工感知的教育、技能、经验和工作结果之间不匹配关系的机制的少数研究行列。
{"title":"The mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived overqualification, turnover intention and job performance among call center employees","authors":"Luís Andrade, Claúdia Santos, Liliana Faria","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148845","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine two hypothetical models: one in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on turnover intention and performance, and another in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on performance. Data were collected from 318 call center employees in Portugal. The relationships were tested using a multiple regression hierarchy with PROCESS. As hypothesized, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between overqualification and turnover intentions. It appears that overqualification alone does not influence intention to quit, but rather does so via satisfaction. Job satisfaction also mediates the relationship between overqualification and job performance. However, perceptions of non-growth appear to be associated with a decline in contextual performance. The effects of overqualification on turnover intentions and job performance of call center employees have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap. Our study joins the small number of studies that analyze the mechanisms explaining the relationship between this mismatch between job demands and employees' perceived education, skills, experience, and work outcomes.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"127 S190","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148847
Wojciech Cwalina, Paweł Koniak
We explore how conspiracy beliefs change the effectiveness of gain- vs. loss-framed messages in promoting health-protective behavior. We focused on various recommended COVID-19 protective measures, not only vaccinations but also other preventive (like wearing masks) and detection behaviors (like testing). Our results indicate that conspiracy beliefs moderate the effectiveness of gain vs. loss framing. When participants endorse conspiracy worldviews above the average level, the gain frame may be more effective than the loss frame. In other words, in the loss frame condition, conspiracy beliefs negatively and significantly predicted attitudes toward the behavior recommended. However, in the case of the gain frame, the relationship between conspiracist views and attitudes toward promoted behavior was weaker or even nonsignificant. We also found, although only in the case of one behavior, that when participants' eagerness to look for conspiracies almost does not exist, the loss frame may be a better option than the gain frame. Finally, neither of these effects was mediated by emotional reactance or anxiety.
{"title":"The role of conspiracy mentality, reactance, and anxiety in the effectiveness of gain- vs. loss-framed messages promoting COVID-19 protective measures: Is vaccination different?","authors":"Wojciech Cwalina, Paweł Koniak","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148847","url":null,"abstract":"We explore how conspiracy beliefs change the effectiveness of gain- vs. loss-framed messages in promoting health-protective behavior. We focused on various recommended COVID-19 protective measures, not only vaccinations but also other preventive (like wearing masks) and detection behaviors (like testing). Our results indicate that conspiracy beliefs moderate the effectiveness of gain vs. loss framing. When participants endorse conspiracy worldviews above the average level, the gain frame may be more effective than the loss frame. In other words, in the loss frame condition, conspiracy beliefs negatively and significantly predicted attitudes toward the behavior recommended. However, in the case of the gain frame, the relationship between conspiracist views and attitudes toward promoted behavior was weaker or even nonsignificant. We also found, although only in the case of one behavior, that when participants' eagerness to look for conspiracies almost does not exist, the loss frame may be a better option than the gain frame. Finally, neither of these effects was mediated by emotional reactance or anxiety.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"48 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148849
Agata Gąsiorowska, T. Zaleskiewicz
Building upon Gasiorowska and Zaleskiewicz's (2021, 2023), we explored how a control threat and attachment style influence social relationship preferences. This experiment aimed to investigate how experiencing a control threat affects individuals with secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment patterns when they can choose between seeking assistance from the market, asking a close person for help, or coping with the situation alone. Participants with different attachment styles were randomly assigned to either the lack of control condition ( n = 290) or the having control condition ( n = 277). Individuals with an anxious attachment were more inclined to choose the market-exchange option and less likely to select the agentic and communal options when faced with a control threat. Meanwhile, those with an avoidant attachment exhibited a higher tendency to choose the agentic option, while their preference for noncontingent help decreased after exposure to the control threat. Surprisingly, secure attachment individuals showed an increased preference for noncontingent help and decreased preferences for market exchange and self-reliance when exposed to the control threat compared to when they had control. These findings suggest that participation in market relationships may meet vital psychological needs and serve as a safeguard against attachment insecurities.
{"title":"Social assistance or agency? Attachment Styles Moderate the Impact of Control Threat on Social Relationship Preferences","authors":"Agata Gąsiorowska, T. Zaleskiewicz","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.148849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.148849","url":null,"abstract":"Building upon Gasiorowska and Zaleskiewicz's (2021, 2023), we explored how a control threat and attachment style influence social relationship preferences. This experiment aimed to investigate how experiencing a control threat affects individuals with secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment patterns when they can choose between seeking assistance from the market, asking a close person for help, or coping with the situation alone. Participants with different attachment styles were randomly assigned to either the lack of control condition ( n = 290) or the having control condition ( n = 277). Individuals with an anxious attachment were more inclined to choose the market-exchange option and less likely to select the agentic and communal options when faced with a control threat. Meanwhile, those with an avoidant attachment exhibited a higher tendency to choose the agentic option, while their preference for noncontingent help decreased after exposure to the control threat. Surprisingly, secure attachment individuals showed an increased preference for noncontingent help and decreased preferences for market exchange and self-reliance when exposed to the control threat compared to when they had control. These findings suggest that participation in market relationships may meet vital psychological needs and serve as a safeguard against attachment insecurities.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"74 S36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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