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Do Psychopathic Traits, Sexual Victimisation Experiences and Emotional Intelligence Predict Attitudes Towards Rape? Examining the Psychosocial correlates of Rape Myth Beliefs among a cross-sectional community sample 心理变态特质、性受害经历和情商能否预测人们对强奸的态度?在横断面社区样本中研究强奸迷信的社会心理相关性
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148054
Alexander Ioannides, Dominic Willmott
Vast research has sought to better understand the origins and development of rape myth beliefs given the problematic influence of such misconceptions throughout global societies and criminal justice pathways. The current research aims to build on this body of literature by examining the contribution that psychopathic personality traits (affective responsiveness, cognitive responsiveness, interpersonal manipulation, egocentricity) and emotional intelligence may have upon rape myth beliefs. Furthermore, this study will investigate the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, education), and prior experience of sexual victimisation, contribute to variance in rape myth acceptance scores. In total 251 participants (M Age = 31.66) completed an online, self-report questionnaire which included contemporary measures of psychopathy and rape myth acceptance, never previously tested in combination. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicate that egocentricity, age, and gender were significantly associated with rape myth beliefs. Emotional intelligence, as well as affective and interpersonal traits of psychopathy, were not directly related with rape mythology. Findings are interpreted alongside previous research, where we suggest there is an urgent need for larger, nationally representative samples, systematically recruited from the general population to help clarify uncertainty in existing literature emerging from small-scale opportunistic datasets.
鉴于强奸迷信在全球社会和刑事司法途径中产生的问题影响,大量研究试图更好地理解强奸迷信的起源和发展。目前的研究旨在以这些文献为基础,研究心理变态人格特质(情感反应性、认知反应性、人际操纵性、自我中心)和情商对强奸迷信可能产生的影响。此外,本研究还将调查社会人口学特征(年龄、性别、种族、教育程度)和先前的性受害经历在多大程度上导致了强奸迷思接受度得分的差异。共有 251 名参与者(平均年龄 = 31.66 岁)完成了一份在线自我报告问卷,其中包括当代心理变态和强奸谬论接受度的测量方法,这些方法以前从未结合在一起进行过测试。分层多元回归分析的结果表明,自我中心、年龄和性别与强奸迷思信念有显著关联。情商以及心理变态的情感和人际特质与强奸迷思没有直接关系。我们将研究结果与之前的研究一起进行了解读,我们认为迫切需要从普通人群中系统地招募更大规模的、具有全国代表性的样本,以帮助澄清现有文献中由小规模机会主义数据集产生的不确定性。
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引用次数: 1
Self-esteem and emotional reactivity of actors and magicians: a comparative study 演员和魔术师的自尊与情绪反应:比较研究
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148055
Wojciech Napora, Vebjørn Ekroll
Self-esteem and emotional reactivity may be important personality determinants of human functioning in situations of social exposure. In this study, we compared the levels of these personality variables in a group of professional theater actors and a group of professional illusionists with a control group of participants who were neither actors nor illusionists and had no artistic education. We also examined the correlations between emotional reactivity and self-esteem in the three groups. For emotional reactivity, we found (1) very strong evidence that the level is less for magicians than for controls, (2) substantial evidence that the level is less for magicians than for actors, (3) anecdotal evidence that the level is less for actors than for controls, and (4) decisive evidence that the average score is less for males than for females. For self-esteem, we found (1) anecdotal evidence that the level is higher for magicians than for controls, (2) substantial evidence that there is no difference between actors and magicians, (3) anecdotal evidence against a difference between actors and controls, and (4) anecdotal evidence against a difference between males and females. Based on the entire sample we found a moderate correlation between self-esteem and emotional reactivity (r = -.30, p < 0.001). Our results are compatible with the notion that emotional reactivity – as part of the temperament concept – is a factor influencing the choice of an artistic profession.
自尊和情绪反应性可能是决定人在社会接触环境中的功能的重要人格因素。在这项研究中,我们比较了一组专业戏剧演员和一组专业魔术师与一组既非演员也非魔术师且未受过艺术教育的对照组参与者的人格变量水平。我们还研究了三组人的情绪反应性和自尊之间的相关性。在情绪反应方面,我们发现:(1)非常有力的证据表明,魔术师的情绪反应水平低于对照组;(2)大量证据表明,魔术师的情绪反应水平低于演员;(3)传闻证据表明,演员的情绪反应水平低于对照组;(4)决定性证据表明,男性的平均得分低于女性。在自尊方面,我们发现:(1) 传闻证据表明魔术师的自尊水平高于对照组;(2) 大量证据表明演员和魔术师之间没有差异;(3) 传闻证据表明演员和对照组之间存在差异;(4) 传闻证据表明男性和女性之间存在差异。在整个样本中,我们发现自尊与情绪反应之间存在中度相关性(r = -.30,p < 0.001)。我们的研究结果与情绪反应性(作为气质概念的一部分)是影响艺术职业选择的一个因素这一观点相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Patients Post Treatment 癌症患者治疗后创伤后成长的预测因素
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148051
Veronika Boleková, Veronika Chlebcová, Jana Ciceková
The aim of this study was to investigate the level of posttraumatic growth of cancer patients post-treatment in the context of selected sociodemographic characteristics, clinical markers, and psychological variables (positive and negative emotions, anxiety and depressive symptoms, gratitude, forgiveness, hope, importance of the spiritual aspect of life and the practice of religious faith). The study sample consisted of 110 patients post-treatment aged 22-79 years and with an average time since the completion of the last treatment ranging from 5 to 396 months. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, screening methods to measure anxiety (General Anxiety Dis- order-7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and questionnaires to measure dispositional gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire GQ-6), dispositional hope (Adult Dispositional Hope Scale), and forgiveness (Heartland Forgiveness Scale) were used to measure the psychological variables. There were no differences in the level of posttraumatic growth in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and clinical markers. Partner status, employment status, presence of recurrence, and comorbidities did not differentiate its level either. The rate of posttraumatic growth was related to the experience of positive emotions, gratitude, the importance of the spiritual aspect of life, and the practice of religious faith. In the regression model that explained 21.90% of the variance in posttraumatic growth, only the level of positive emotions was a significant predictor. The results of the present research point suggest that the level of posttraumatic growth is associated with several areas of emotional experience and cognitive adjustment of cancer patients post-treatment.
本研究的目的是根据选定的社会人口特征、临床指标和心理变量(积极和消极情绪、焦虑和抑郁症状、感恩、宽恕、希望、生活中精神方面的重要性和宗教信仰实践),调查癌症患者治疗后的创伤后成长水平。研究样本包括 110 名治疗后患者,年龄在 22-79 岁之间,距离上次治疗结束的平均时间为 5-396 个月。研究采用了创伤后成长量表、积极和消极情绪表、焦虑(一般焦虑症-7)和抑郁(患者健康问卷-9)筛查方法以及感恩倾向问卷(感恩问卷 GQ-6)、希望倾向问卷(成人希望倾向量表)和宽恕问卷(心境宽恕量表)来测量心理变量。在社会人口学特征和临床指标方面,创伤后成长水平没有差异。伴侣状况、就业状况、是否复发以及合并症也没有影响创伤后成长的程度。创伤后成长率与积极情绪体验、感恩、生活中精神层面的重要性以及宗教信仰实践有关。在解释了 21.90%的创伤后成长变异的回归模型中,只有积极情绪水平是一个重要的预测因素。本研究的结果表明,创伤后成长水平与癌症患者治疗后的情感体验和认知适应的多个方面有关。
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引用次数: 0
The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Student Survey (MBI-SS) in Poland 马斯拉赫职业倦怠量表的因子效度:波兰学生调查(MBI-SS)
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148053
Teresa Chirkowska-Smolak, Tomasz Górecki, Mateusz Klakus, Weronika Metzger, Martyna Szargan
This paper explores the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the MBI-SS questionnaire, which measures academic burnout in students. The factorial structure of the tool was examined, and its validity was evaluated using a sample from Polish state universities (N=935). Findings suggest that the MBI-SS possesses strong psychometric parameters. Data supports the tool's 3-factor structure and internal consistency. However, there are reservations regarding one item (MBI_6). Consequently, the 15- item version of the MBI-SS is recommended as a suitable tool for assessing burnout in Polish students.
本文探讨了波兰语改编版 MBI-SS 问卷的心理测量特性,该问卷用于测量学生的学业倦怠。本文研究了该工具的因子结构,并使用波兰国立大学的样本(N=935)对其有效性进行了评估。研究结果表明,MBI-SS 具有很强的心理测量参数。数据支持该工具的三因素结构和内部一致性。不过,有一个项目(MBI_6)还存在保留意见。因此,建议将 15 个条目版本的 MBI-SS 作为评估波兰学生职业倦怠的合适工具。
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引用次数: 1
Adaptation of Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale: Its Relationship with Loneliness, Emotional Flexibility and Resilience Among Adolescents 沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康简易量表的改编:其与青少年孤独感、情绪灵活性和复原力的关系
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148052
Yakup İme
Understanding and measuring mental well-being among adolescents has recently become a priority. The validity and reliability study of the 7-item short version of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) has not been examined in Turkish adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the 7-item Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to Turkish and examine the relationships between loneliness, emotional flexibility, resilience, and mental well-being. The data were collected by convenience sampling method from 820 adolescents aged 14-18 from 73 city of Turkey. During the adaptation process of SWEMWBS, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability analysis were performed. The findings confirmed the one dimensionality of the 7-item scale on the Turkish adolescent sample. In addition, a significant positive relationship was found between mental well-being and emotional flexibility and resilience. However, there was a significant negative correlation between mental well-being and loneliness. The results showed that the Turkish version of SWEMWBS had strong psychometric properties in adolescents.
最近,了解和测量青少年的心理健康已成为一个优先事项。目前尚未对土耳其青少年进行过华威爱丁堡心理健康量表(SWEMWBS)7 个项目简版的有效性和可靠性研究。因此,本研究旨在将 7 个项目的沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表改编成土耳其语,并研究孤独感、情绪灵活性、复原力和心理健康之间的关系。数据通过方便抽样法从土耳其 73 个城市的 820 名 14-18 岁青少年中收集。在对 SWEMWBS 进行改编的过程中,对其进行了确认性因子分析、并发效度分析和信度分析。研究结果证实,在土耳其青少年样本中,7 个项目的量表具有一维性。此外,研究还发现心理健康与情绪灵活性和复原力之间存在明显的正相关关系。然而,心理健康与孤独感之间存在明显的负相关。结果表明,土耳其版的 SWEMWBS 在青少年中具有很强的心理测量特性。
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引用次数: 0
Self-report versus clinical ratings using the SWAP-200 in the assessment of personality disorders 使用 SWAP-200 评估人格障碍时的自我报告与临床评分
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148050
Emilia Soroko, L. Cierpiałkowska, Łukasz Mech
The relationship between self- and informant reports of personality using psychometric instruments is constantly the focus of attention for researchers in the field of clinical assessment in psychology. The research shows weak agreement between clinicians and patients’ assessments of personality disorders (PDs). The current study aimed at the convergence of measurement of PDs using the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200), the self-report Character Styles Questionnaire-R (CSQ-R) and Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI). Paper-pencil questionnaires were administered to 102 inpatients (88.2% female, aged 18-64, M = 38.4) in a voivodeship hospital and outpatient health care centre. The SWAP-200 allowed us to gather expert (clinician) personality ratings basing on the intensive contact with patients. Results show that only a few SWAP-200 PD scales showed low positive correlations with corresponding self-reported PD scales from the CSQ-R. With the canonical correlation analysis, we identified two functions (borderline and internalising) that described similarities between the SWAP-200 and CSQ-R. SWAP-200 Obsessive-Compulsive PD correlated negatively with BPI scales. Consistent with previous studies, the self-report and the clinical assessment were only marginally convergent. Furthermore, OCPD stands out from other disorders in that it correlates positively with health indicators and negatively with some of the other personality disorders. The highest agreement was observed in the description of Borderline PD.
心理学临床评估领域的研究人员一直在关注使用心理测量工具进行的人格自我报告与线人报告之间的关系。研究表明,临床医生和患者对人格障碍(PDs)的评估之间的一致性较弱。本研究旨在使用谢勒-韦斯顿评估程序(SWAP-200)、自我报告性格风格问卷-R(CSQ-R)和边缘型人格量表(BPI)对人格障碍进行统一测量。我们对一家省级医院和门诊保健中心的 102 名住院病人(88.2% 为女性,年龄在 18-64 岁之间,男性 = 38.4)进行了纸笔问卷调查。通过 SWAP-200,我们收集到了专家(临床医生)在与患者深入接触的基础上得出的人格评分。结果显示,只有少数 SWAP-200 人格障碍量表与 CSQ-R 中相应的自我报告人格障碍量表呈低正相关。通过典型相关性分析,我们确定了两个描述 SWAP-200 和 CSQ-R 相似性的功能(边缘化和内化)。SWAP-200 强迫症与 BPI 量表呈负相关。与之前的研究一致,自我报告和临床评估仅有轻微的趋同性。此外,OCPD 与其他人格障碍的不同之处在于,它与健康指标呈正相关,而与其他一些人格障碍呈负相关。在对边缘型人格障碍的描述中,两者的一致性最高。
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引用次数: 0
148843 148843
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148843
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of on-line and off-line Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in developing psychological flexibility, self-compassion and ego-resiliency in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder 线上与线下接受与承诺治疗对自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长心理灵活性、自我同情和自我弹性的影响
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.146587
: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through reducing psychopathology, improving quality of life, and developing psychological skills (psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and ego-resiliency). The study was quasi-experimental in the form of a four-week ACT intervention; three measurements were obtained (baseline, one week after training, one month after training). It involved 60 participants divided into three groups: two criteria groups (ACT in the off-line form, N=20, ACT in the on-line form, N=20), and one control group (N=20). The results showed a significant improvement in the area of quality of life and the level of psychological skills among parents participating in the ACT training, and this improvement was maintained both a week and a month after the end of the training. The form of participation in the training did not differentiate the groups, which may indicate their equivalence. In addition, significant intergroup differences were shown between participants from the criterion groups and those from the control group, as the subjects who did not participate in the training were characterized by lower quality of life and lower level of psychological skills, and higher intensity of psychopathological symptoms. The results can be used both in designing further scientific research and in clinical practice, especially in the psychological care of families of persons diagnosed with ASD, with special focus on the area of developing psychological skills and the use of short-term therapeutic methods.
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引用次数: 0
The impact of self-esteem on the perceived brand added value to self-image 自尊对感知品牌自我形象附加值的影响
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.146404
: The presented article consists of two studies (correlation and experimental) on the importance of self-esteem for the perceived value added by a brand to a consumer’s self-image. Both studies were conducted online, using the snowball method, controlling for participants’ gender and product categories. The correlation study showed that consumers, with an increase in self-esteem understood as a trait, look for more positive traits in brands and fewer negative traits to incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand. In addition, they confirmed that brand preference is mainly related to the qualities possessed, which the consumer can confirm by purchasing the brand. The experimental study showed that people with lowered self-esteem perceive more positive traits in brands that they can incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand, and there were no differences in confirming positive traits and avoiding negative traits that are associated with the brand. The new measurement of the perceived value of a brand to a consumer’s self-image, used, allowed the identification of specific areas of brand image sensitive to a consumer’s self-esteem.
{"title":"The impact of self-esteem on the perceived brand added value to self-image","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.146404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.146404","url":null,"abstract":": The presented article consists of two studies (correlation and experimental) on the importance of self-esteem for the perceived value added by a brand to a consumer’s self-image. Both studies were conducted online, using the snowball method, controlling for participants’ gender and product categories. The correlation study showed that consumers, with an increase in self-esteem understood as a trait, look for more positive traits in brands and fewer negative traits to incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand. In addition, they confirmed that brand preference is mainly related to the qualities possessed, which the consumer can confirm by purchasing the brand. The experimental study showed that people with lowered self-esteem perceive more positive traits in brands that they can incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand, and there were no differences in confirming positive traits and avoiding negative traits that are associated with the brand. The new measurement of the perceived value of a brand to a consumer’s self-image, used, allowed the identification of specific areas of brand image sensitive to a consumer’s self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine: A cross-sectional study 在乌克兰战争的头几个月里,成年人的个人经历在心理健康结果上的差异:一项横断面研究
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.146405
: We aimed to determine differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine. The study involved 1,257 respondents (32.3% male and 67.7% female, aged 18–61+ years). We used the Brief Resilience Scale, the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the Short Screening Scale for DSM– IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Giessen Subjective Complaints List. The obtained data showed high pressure of physical complaints and high levels of PTSD symptoms in adult Ukrainians. We found that positive mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Active’ personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of four positive mental health indicators (resilience, general level of professional hardiness, self-efficacy and level of post-experience change). Negative mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Passive’ experience, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of two negative indicators (pressure of physical complaints and manifestations of PTSD symptoms). Our findings indicate a high need for psychological support and assistance for the Ukrainian population and show the direction of possible interventions.
{"title":"Differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine: A cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppb.2023.146405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2023.146405","url":null,"abstract":": We aimed to determine differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine. The study involved 1,257 respondents (32.3% male and 67.7% female, aged 18–61+ years). We used the Brief Resilience Scale, the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the Short Screening Scale for DSM– IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Giessen Subjective Complaints List. The obtained data showed high pressure of physical complaints and high levels of PTSD symptoms in adult Ukrainians. We found that positive mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Active’ personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of four positive mental health indicators (resilience, general level of professional hardiness, self-efficacy and level of post-experience change). Negative mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Passive’ experience, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of two negative indicators (pressure of physical complaints and manifestations of PTSD symptoms). Our findings indicate a high need for psychological support and assistance for the Ukrainian population and show the direction of possible interventions.","PeriodicalId":38657,"journal":{"name":"Polish Psychological Bulletin","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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