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Features of the image of the psychological trauma in modern textual constructions 现代语篇建构中心理创伤意象的特征
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.141865
O. Kyrylchuk, Liubomyr O. Krupka, Myroslava Krupka
: The aim of this article is to research the psychological trauma of a person who has experienced extreme events and gained psychotraumatic experience. Modern humanities understand the problem of injury in several aspects. One of the topical issues is the representation of psychotraumatic events through the involvement of aesthetic experience. The relevance of this paper is due to the fact that an important component of safe human life is to solve problems related to experiencing mental trauma and healing a person from it. The leading research method was the method of analysis of research sources. Also, in the research, the authors used the method of synthesis, observation, modeling. To describe the narrative of psychological trauma, the authors set out the theoretical foundations of the toolkit. The authors' view on the negative consequences of the traumas of war in their further psychological, physiological, and social development was presented. The main ways of reflecting individual and collective traumas were also analyzed, and artistic strategies of detraumatization were pointed out. As a result of the study, generalized conclusions were formed about the role of narrative practices in the formation of the historical and individual experiences of overcoming psychological trauma.
本文的目的是研究一个经历过极端事件并获得心理创伤经验的人的心理创伤。现代人文学科从几个方面理解损伤问题。其中一个主题是通过审美经验的参与来表现心理创伤事件。本文的相关性是由于这样一个事实,即安全的人类生活的一个重要组成部分是解决与经历精神创伤相关的问题并从中治愈一个人。主要的研究方法是分析研究来源的方法。在研究中,作者采用了综合、观察、建模的方法。为了描述心理创伤的叙述,作者列出了工具包的理论基础。作者就战争创伤对儿童心理、生理和社会发展的负面影响提出了自己的看法。分析了反映个体和集体创伤的主要方式,并指出了创伤消解的艺术策略。研究结果对叙事实践在克服心理创伤的历史经验和个体经验形成中的作用形成了概括性的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Personal determinants of body image considering people practicing physical activity 考虑到人们进行体育锻炼,身体形象的个人决定因素
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.140479
Wiktor Kujawa, Krzysztof Zabiegliński, Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
: The concept of body image can be considered on many levels, but constant is the fact that it is a mental image: of the size, shape, and form of one’s own body, influencing one’s overall self-image. Previous multifaceted research shows that perceptions of body image can be influenced among other things by physical activity or personality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between body image perception and personality, considering individuals who regularly practice physical activity ( N = 104). The following research tools were used: IPIP-BFM-20, Body Esteem Scale and a questionnaire consisting of questions allowing for the respondents’ characterization. Analysis of the collected data revealed that almost half of the respondents are currently dissatisfied with their body image. It was also noted that those who were satisfied with their body image scored statistically significantly higher on two of the five personality traits measured: Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The results obtained showing the relationship between personality and body image perception are consistent with previous studies in which the type of physical activity and its frequency were not examined.
:身体形象的概念可以在很多层面上考虑,但不变的是,它是一种心理形象:一个人身体的大小、形状和形式,影响一个人的整体自我形象。先前的多方面研究表明,身体形象的感知可能受到身体活动或个性的影响。因此,本研究的目的是分析身体形象感知与个性之间的关系,考虑到经常进行体育活动的个体(N=104)。使用了以下研究工具:IPIP-BFM-20、身体自尊量表和一份问卷,该问卷由允许受访者描述的问题组成。对收集数据的分析显示,近一半的受访者目前对自己的身体形象不满意。研究还指出,那些对自己的身体形象感到满意的人在五项人格特征中的两项得分在统计学上显著较高:外向性和情绪稳定性。显示个性和身体形象感知之间关系的结果与之前的研究一致,在之前的研究中,没有检查身体活动的类型及其频率。
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引用次数: 0
Egoistic Relative Deprivation and Support for Populism in Days of Democracy Crisis: the Case of Poland 民主危机时期利己主义的相对剥夺与民粹主义的支持:以波兰为例
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.137255
K. Korzeniowski
: According to the social psychological literature, egoistic relative deprivation impairs well-being but has at most little impact on political protest and engagement. We considered this view incomplete and over-simplifying. It was predicted that egoistic relative deprivation itself may impair democracy by increasing support for populism, and that the postulated relationship will be mediated by dysphoric affect, political alienation, and political paranoia. The empirical basis of the article were three studies carried out on nationwide random-quota samples of adult Poles: in 2002 (N = 1500), in 2010 (N = 800), and in 2017 (N = 2000). It was found that support for populism systematically depends directly on dysphoric affect and political paranoia, which are strengthened by egoistic relative deprivation. In 2017, with populist political groupings in power in Poland, the role of political alienation turned out to be ambiguous. Political alienation slightly strengthened political paranoia but directly lowered support for populism. In conclusion it was noted that in Poland's history and in the contemporary Polish mentality there is a great potential for negative affect, pessimism and bitterness. Relative deprivation experienced today successfully maintains this potential.
根据社会心理学文献,利己主义的相对剥夺会损害幸福感,但对政治抗议和参与的影响微乎其微。我们认为这种观点是不完整和过于简单化的。据预测,利己主义的相对剥夺本身可能会增加对民粹主义的支持,从而损害民主主义,而这种假定的关系将通过焦虑情绪、政治异化和政治偏执来调解。本文的实证基础是2002年(N = 1500)、2010年(N = 800)和2017年(N = 2000)在全国范围内对波兰人的随机配额样本进行的三项研究。研究发现,对民粹主义的支持系统地直接依赖于焦虑情绪和政治偏执,而利己主义的相对剥夺又强化了这两种情绪。2017年,随着民粹主义政治团体在波兰掌权,政治异化的作用变得模棱两可。政治上的疏离感虽然轻微强化了政治偏执,但直接降低了民粹主义的支持率。最后,有人指出,在波兰的历史和当代波兰的心态中,存在着消极影响、悲观和痛苦的巨大潜力。今天经历的相对匮乏成功地维持了这种潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Associations of time perspectives and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help 寻求专业心理帮助的时间观点与态度的关联
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/PPB.2020.132652
Dániel Kiss, Z. Szél, A. Gyarmathy, J. Rácz
: Previous research has shown the importance of time perspectives (TP) in future-oriented decision making. However, the possible associations between time perspectives and seeking out psychological help in need have not been examined extensively, especially taking further influencing factors into consideration. Therefore, this study aimed to assess associations between personal time perspectives, stigma, socio-economic factors, and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (ATTSPPH) in a sample of adults in the general population in Hungary (N=273) aged 18-84 (mean=28.47, SD= 10.31). Multivariate regression analyses found that attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help were inversely associated with stigma, and residing outside of the capital city and positively associated with female gender. None of the time perspectives were associated with help-seeking. The results are discussed regarding the importance of mental health in Hungary.
已有研究表明,时间视角在未来导向决策中的重要性。然而,时间观点与在需要时寻求心理帮助之间可能存在的联系尚未得到广泛研究,特别是尚未考虑到进一步的影响因素。因此,本研究旨在评估匈牙利(N=273)年龄在18-84岁(平均28.47,SD= 10.31)的成年人的个人时间观、病耻感、社会经济因素和寻求专业心理帮助(ATTSPPH)态度之间的关系。多变量回归分析发现,寻求专业心理帮助的态度与耻辱感呈负相关,居住在首都以外与女性性别呈正相关。没有时间观点与寻求帮助有关。结果讨论了匈牙利心理健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-psychological issues of resocialization of convicts to imprisonment: Domestic and international experience 入狱罪犯再社会化的社会心理问题:国内和国际经验
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.140482
Alla Yosipiv, H. Kuzan, H. Berezhnytska, O. Boiarchuk, N. Maslak
: Currently the recidivism rate in Ukraine. This indicates failure to achieve the goal of punishment – correction of the convict. The purpose of the article is to research the problems of resocialization of convicts, taking into consideration the psychological characteristics of the person serving the sentence. The subject of research: the subject of research is the resocialization of convicts. The following scientific methods were used to study the international experience of resocialization of convicts, to prove the hypotheses, to formulate conclusions: dialectical method, monographic method, logical method, comparative method, generalization method, system and structural method. The results of the research: it was found out that serving a certain term of imprisonment or life imprisonment affects convicts and leads to a change in their psychology in completely different ways. It is proved that the process of resocialization should be set up during the selection of convict’s type and size of punishment (taking into account the circumstances of the case, the perpetrator personality and criminogenic risks that may contribute to recidivism), continue during punishment (using training, work and communication, and providing psychological support to overcome possible psychological crises) and finish after the release from penitentiary institutions (with control over the released, employment assistance or the provision of temporary residence).
:目前乌克兰的累犯率。这表明没有达到惩罚的目的——纠正罪犯。本文旨在结合服刑人员的心理特点,探讨罪犯再社会化问题。研究的主题:研究的主题是罪犯的再社会化。运用辩证法、专论法、逻辑法、比较法、概括法、系统法和结构法等科学方法对国际罪犯再社会化经验进行研究,证明假设,得出结论。研究结果表明:服刑期或无期徒刑对罪犯的影响和心理变化是完全不同的。实践证明,罪犯再社会化过程应在罪犯刑罚类型和刑罚大小的选择过程中确立(考虑到案件情节、犯罪人的性格和可能导致再犯的犯罪风险),在刑罚过程中继续进行(通过培训、工作和交流,并提供心理支持以克服可能的心理危机),并在从监狱机构释放后完成(对释放者进行控制,就业援助或提供临时住所)。
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引用次数: 0
Immersive experience influences eye blink rate during virtual reality gaming 沉浸式体验影响虚拟现实游戏中的眨眼率
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2019.126018
Tomohide Ishiguro, Cohta Suzuki, Hiroki Nakakoji, Yusuke Funagira, M. Takao
: Virtual reality (VR) technology now provides players with immersive and realistic experiences as never before. Spatial presence plays a crucial role in the introduction of immersive experience in a VR environment. Spatial presence is a special feeling of personal and physical presence in the displayed environment. In this study, we found that the first-person perspective (1PP) was more effective in raising the sense of spatial presence that induces immersive experience compared to the third-person perspective (3PP) in a VR shooting game. Moreover, eye blink rate was significantly higher in the 1PP compared with the 3PP. The 1PP game setting was more realistic than the 3PP setting, and may have raised participants’ sense of immersion and facilitated eye blink. These results indicate that eye blink rate is increased by the sense of spatial presence, and can be a good measure of subjective immersive experience in a VR environment. Neuroscientific evidences suggest that dopaminergic system is involved in such emotional experiences and physiological responses.
:虚拟现实(VR)技术现在为玩家提供前所未有的身临其境和逼真的体验。空间存在在VR环境中引入沉浸式体验方面发挥着至关重要的作用。空间存在是在所显示的环境中个人和身体存在的一种特殊感觉。在这项研究中,我们发现,在VR射击游戏中,与第三人称视角(3PP)相比,第一人称视角(1PP)在提高空间存在感方面更有效,从而引发身临其境的体验。此外,1PP组的眨眼率明显高于3PP组。1PP游戏设置比3PP设置更逼真,可能提高了参与者的沉浸感,并促进了眨眼。这些结果表明,空间存在感会增加眨眼率,这可以很好地衡量VR环境中的主观沉浸式体验。神经科学证据表明,多巴胺能系统参与了这种情绪体验和生理反应。
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引用次数: 8
Virtual Reality Could Improve Exercise Performance on a Stationary Bike 虚拟现实可以提高固定自行车的运动性能
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.139171
M. Kowal, Joanna Piskorz, Marcin Czub
: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of manipulating visual information about one’s movement in Virtual Reality (VR) during physical training on a stationary bike. In the first experiment, the participants’ ( N =30) task was to cycle on a stationary bike while embodying a virtual avatar. Fifteen participants experienced the Slow condition, in which a virtual avatar cycled at the constant speed of 15km/h, while the other fifteen participants experienced the Fast condition, in which a virtual avatar cycled at the constant speed of 35km/h. In the second experiment, we tested whether introducing agency (i.e., linking real-life cycling speed with the cycling speed of a virtual avatar), would improve exercise performance. Participants ( N =31) experienced counterbalanced conditions: Faster optic flow (avatar’s speed was 15% faster than the participants’ real cycling speed), and Slower optic flow (avatar’s speed was 15% slower than the participants’ real cycling speed). Results showed that all participants increased their cycling speed when experiencing altered cycling speed of a virtual avatar compared with their baselines, but in the first experiment, participants cycled faster in the faster optic flow condition, while in the second experiment, when participants controlled the virtual avatar’s cycling speed, there were no differences between the Fast and Slow conditions. Participants described the cycling in VR as a pleasant experience. The present study suggests that the addition of Virtual Reality during exercise training may increase cycling performance.
:本研究旨在调查在固定自行车上进行体育训练时,在虚拟现实(VR)中操纵有关个人运动的视觉信息的效果。在第一个实验中,参与者(N=30)的任务是在固定自行车上骑行,同时体现虚拟化身。15名参与者经历了慢速状态,其中虚拟化身以15km/h的恒定速度骑行,而其他15名参与者则经历了快速状态,其中,虚拟化身以35km/h的恒定速度骑车。在第二个实验中,我们测试了引入代理(即将现实生活中的骑行速度与虚拟化身的骑行速度联系起来)是否会提高锻炼成绩。参与者(N=31)经历了平衡条件:更快的光流(化身的速度比参与者的真实骑行速度快15%)和更慢的光流。结果显示,与基线相比,当虚拟化身的骑行速度发生变化时,所有参与者的骑行速度都有所提高,但在第一个实验中,参与者在更快的光流条件下骑行得更快,而在第二个试验中,当参与者控制虚拟化身的自行车速度时,在快速和慢速条件之间没有差异。参与者将虚拟现实中的骑行描述为一种愉快的体验。目前的研究表明,在运动训练中加入虚拟现实可能会提高自行车的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Big-Five and Subjective Well-Being: The mediating role of Individualism or Collectivism beliefs and the moderating role of life periods 五大与主观幸福:个人主义或集体主义信仰的中介作用与人生阶段的调节作用
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/119484
A. Zalewska
Subjective Well-Being is related to the Big-Five and to Individualistic and Collectivistic beliefs of Polish adolescents. In the present study, we examined whether Individualism and Collectivism beliefs mediate between the Big-Five and Subjective Well-being among adolescents, young and middle-aged adults. Adolescents (N = 174, 36% men, aged 14–18), young (N = 254, 45% men, aged 19–24) and middle-aged adults (N = 252, 54% men, aged 40–55) completed the NEO-FFI, the Ind-Col20, and measures of Subjective Well-being. The three groups differed on all dimensions. Adolescents reported the highest Neuroticism, the lowest Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, the highest Individualism and Collectivism beliefs and lowest SWB. Among adolescents, SEM analyses indicated that Subjective Well-being was negatively related to Neuroticism and Agreeableness, positively to Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Horizontal Individualism, Horizontal and Vertical Collectivism. Among young and middle-aged adults Subjective Well-being was negatively related to Neuroticism and Horizontal Collectivism, positively to Openness, Conscientiousness, Horizontal and Vertical Individualism. Beliefs partially mediated the effects of traits. Relationships were different for cognitive and affective Subjective Well-being indices.
波兰青少年的主观幸福感与大五人格、个人主义信仰和集体主义信仰有关。在本研究中,我们考察了个人主义和集体主义信念是否在青少年、青壮年和中年人的大五人格和主观幸福感之间起中介作用。青少年(N = 174, 36%男性,年龄在14-18岁)、年轻人(N = 254, 45%男性,年龄在19-24岁)和中年人(N = 252, 54%男性,年龄在40-55岁)完成了NEO-FFI、Ind-Col20和主观幸福感的测量。这三组在所有方面都存在差异。青少年神经质程度最高,宜人性、尽责性最低,个人主义和集体主义信仰最高,主观幸福感最低。青少年主观幸福感与神经质、随和性呈负相关,与外向性、尽责性、横向个人主义、横向和纵向集体主义呈正相关。中青年主观幸福感与神经质、水平集体主义负相关,与开放性、责任心、水平个人主义和垂直个人主义正相关。信念部分地调节了性格的影响。认知和情感主观幸福感指数之间存在不同的关系。
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引用次数: 5
An Intergroup Perspective on Antecedents of Negative Attitudes Towards Covid-19 Vaccine: The Role of Conspiratorial Beliefs, Perceived Assumptive International Collaboration, and Vaccine National Glorification 对新冠肺炎疫苗消极态度先决条件的群体间视角:阴谋信仰、假定性国际合作和疫苗国家荣耀的作用
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.141134
Ali Mashuri, D. Permatasari, R. Nurwanti, Sofia Nuryanti
Although the COVID-19 vaccine has been recommended as the safer and more effective prevention for COVID-19 disease relative to other alternative medications, yet across the globe, many people are resistant to receiving it. Setting out to explain such a paradox, we conducted an online survey among a sample of Indonesians (N = 4758) when the World Health Organisation (WHO) granted authorisations for the clinical trial of various vaccines against COVID-19. The results revealed that participants' support for theories that the COVID-19 vaccine is invented to harm their nation (i.e., COVID-19 vaccine conspiratorial beliefs) positively corresponded with the perceptions that international collaboration in the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial is not aligned with their nation's actual needs (i.e., the perceived assumptive international collaboration) and negative attitudes towards the vaccine. In turn, the perceived assumptive international collaboration was positively related to negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine. We also showed that the positive relationship between COVID-19 vaccine conspiratorial beliefs and the perceived assumptive international collaboration in the vaccine clinical trial was more prominent among participants who were strongly resistant to take vaccines supplied by other countries due to national pride (i.e., vaccine national glorification). © 2022 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
尽管与其他替代药物相比,新冠肺炎疫苗被推荐为更安全、更有效的新冠肺炎预防措施,但在全球范围内,许多人对接种该疫苗持耐药性,当世界卫生组织(世界卫生组织)批准各种新冠肺炎疫苗的临床试验时,我们对印度尼西亚样本(N=4758)进行了一项在线调查。研究结果显示,参与者对新冠肺炎疫苗被发明是为了伤害本国的理论(即新冠肺炎疫苗阴谋信念)的支持与新冠肺炎疫苗临床试验中的国际合作与本国实际需求不符的看法(即认为的假定性国际合作)以及对疫苗的消极态度。反过来,人们认为的假定性国际合作与对新冠肺炎疫苗的消极态度正相关。我们还表明,新冠肺炎疫苗阴谋信念与疫苗临床试验中的假定性国际合作之间的积极关系在那些因民族自豪感(即疫苗民族美化)而强烈抵制接种其他国家提供的疫苗的参与者中更为突出。©2022波兰科学院。保留所有权利。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Temporal Intelligence in Language Learners’ Self-regulation and Self-efficacy 时间智力在语言学习者自我调节和自我效能中的作用
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2019.126021
Elham Naji Meidani, R. Pishghadam
: The aim of the present study was to explore the role of temporal intelligence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ self-regulation and self-efficacy. To this end, a general temporal intelligence (GTI-S) scale was designed based on the subconstructs of time in the literature. The scale, along with the learning self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ-L) and the English self-efficacy scale was administered to 520 EFL learners. To validate the GTI-S, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run. The results of Pearson product-moment correlations demonstrated significantly positive relationships between temporal intelligence and controlled self-regulation, automatic self-regulation and self-efficacy (p<.05). Moreover, the findings of multiple regressions revealed that Linearity of Time, Economicity of Time, and Multitasking are the most important subconstructs of time with relation to these variables.
本研究旨在探讨时间智力在英语学习者自我调节和自我效能中的作用。为此,基于文献中的时间子结构,设计了一个通用时间智能量表。该量表与学习自我调节问卷(SRQ-L)和英语自我效能感量表一起应用于520名英语学习者。为了验证GTI-S,进行了验证性因素分析(CFA)。Pearson乘积矩相关结果表明,时间智能与受控自我调节、自动自我调节和自我效能之间存在显著的正相关关系(p<.05)。此外,多元回归结果表明,而多任务处理是时间中与这些变量相关的最重要的子结构。
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引用次数: 0
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Polish Psychological Bulletin
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