Materials Today最新文献

A comprehensive review on triboelectric sensors and AI-integrated systems 三电传感器和人工智能集成系统综述

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.013

Shengshun Duan , Huiyun Zhang , Lei Liu , Yu Lin , Fangzhi Zhao , Pinzhen Chen , Shuze Cao , Kai Zhou , Changjiang Gao , Zhengfeng Liu , Qiongfeng Shi , Chengkuo Lee , Jun Wu

Triboelectric sensors, derived from triboelectric nanogenerators, generate electrical signals in response to mechanical stimuli. Its remarkable advantages of inherent self-powering, and ease of manufacture, combined with flexible electronics technologies, pave the way for the trillion-node IoT mission. Integration of machine learning into triboelectric sensing systems enables effective learning from sensory data and enhances task execution with increased intelligence. This comprehensive review explores the latest scientific and technological advancements in triboelectric sensors, providing insightful analyses in materials, physics, design principles, manufacturing strategies, monomodal and multimodal sensors, von Neumann architecture-based AI systems, and human-like neuromorphic systems. The discussion also covers diverse technological applications, including biomedicine, robotics, prosthetics, human–machine interfaces, AR/metaverse, smart homes, intelligent sports, and intelligent transportation. The narrative concludes by addressing existing challenges, contemplating potential applications, and outlining prospects in this burgeoning field. Covering from fundamental device physics, and AI integration strategies, to system applications, this review aims to illuminate the burgeoning field of triboelectric sensors, inspiring further innovation in self-powered AI-integrated systems and advanced applications, accelerating the paradigm shift toward the era of self-powered artificial intelligence of things.

三电传感器源自三电纳米发电机，可对机械刺激产生电信号。其与生俱来的自供电、易于制造等显著优势与灵活的电子技术相结合，为实现万亿节点物联网任务铺平了道路。将机器学习集成到三电传感系统中，可以有效地学习传感数据，并通过提高智能来增强任务执行能力。本综述探讨了三电传感器的最新科学和技术进展，对材料、物理、设计原理、制造策略、单模态和多模态传感器、基于冯-诺依曼架构的人工智能系统以及类人神经形态系统进行了深入分析。讨论还涉及各种技术应用，包括生物医学、机器人、假肢、人机界面、AR/Metaverse、智能家居、智能体育和智能交通。文章最后探讨了这一新兴领域的现有挑战、潜在应用和发展前景。这篇综述涵盖了从基本设备物理、人工智能集成策略到系统应用的方方面面，旨在阐明三电传感器这一新兴领域，激励自供电人工智能集成系统和高级应用的进一步创新，加速向自供电物联网人工智能时代的范式转变。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing entropy-stabilized synthesis kinetics to modulate the oxygen evolution mechanism 优化熵稳定合成动力学以调节氧进化机制

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.014

Zeshuo Meng , Hengyue Xu , Zhengyan Du , Zijin Xu , Jian Xu , Wei Zhang , Xiaoying Hu , Haoteng Sun , Hongwei Tian , Jingsan Xu , Weitao Zheng , Sheng Dai

Adapting the catalytic reaction pathway and optimizing catalyst activity is a significant challenge in the field of catalysis. Herein, we derived the fundamental form of the diffusion flux-driving force equation using ion diffusion as a research framework, and defined the linear and exponential control coefficients that influence synthesis kinetics. By manipulating these control coefficients, we synthesized high-entropy perovskite La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃ samples with different degrees of kinetic control. Phase testing results showed that adjusting the control coefficients resulted in varying degrees of kinetic control. Experimental evidence and theoretical simulations demonstrated that samples with a higher proportion of kinetic control exhibited faster catalytic pathways, following the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and showed the highest catalytic activity. As the proportion of kinetic control decreased, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic pathway underwent corresponding transitions. These findings contribute to a new research paradigm aimed at bridging the gap between synthesis design and catalytic performance.

调整催化反应路径和优化催化剂活性是催化领域的一项重大挑战。在此，我们以离子扩散为研究框架，推导出了扩散通量驱动力方程的基本形式，并定义了影响合成动力学的线性和指数控制系数。通过操纵这些控制系数，我们合成了不同动力学控制程度的高熵包晶 La（Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2）O3 样品。阶段测试结果表明，调整控制系数可获得不同程度的动力学控制。实验证据和理论模拟表明，动力学控制比例较高的样品按照晶格氧氧化机制（LOM）表现出较快的催化路径，并显示出最高的催化活性。随着动力学控制比例的降低，氧进化反应（OER）催化途径也发生了相应的转变。这些发现有助于建立一种新的研究范式，旨在缩小合成设计与催化性能之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Capturing the ultrahigh temperature response of materials with sub-scale tensile testing 用亚尺度拉伸试验捕捉材料的超高温响应

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.007

Syed I.A. Jalali , Michael S. Patullo , Noah Philips , Kevin J. Hemker

Materials that can maintain their strength at extreme temperatures are in great demand. Efforts to develop ultrahigh temperature materials are underway, but ultrahigh temperature data is hard to find, and tensile tests conducted above 1400 °C are expensive and extremely rare. Here, we demonstrate Joule heating of sub-scale specimens as a promising alternative for conducting ultrahigh temperature tensile tests. Challenges associated with testing at extreme temperatures have been addressed, and unique advantages of the new methodology include rapid heating (and cooling) of specimens to temperatures as high as their melting temperatures, in vacuum, with in situ temperature and strain measurement. Proof-of-concept tensile tests on ATI C103™ were conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 to 2,000 °C, and the results are shown to be in excellent agreement with proprietary datasets. This new test methodology has unveiled a new ultrahigh temperature plateau in the ATI C103™ alloy above 1500 °C and opens the door for exploring ultrahigh temperature deformation mechanisms in a wide variety of materials.

能够在极端温度下保持强度的材料需求量很大。开发超高温材料的努力正在进行中，但超高温数据很难找到，而且在 1400 °C 以上进行的拉伸试验既昂贵又极为罕见。在这里，我们展示了对亚尺度试样进行焦耳加热的方法，这是进行超高温拉伸试验的一种很有前途的替代方法。在极端温度下进行测试所面临的挑战已经得到解决，新方法的独特优势包括在真空中将试样快速加热（和冷却）至熔化温度，并进行现场温度和应变测量。对 ATI C103™ 进行了概念验证拉伸测试，温度范围为 25 至 2,000 °C，测试结果与专有数据集非常吻合。这种新的测试方法揭示了 ATI C103™ 合金在 1500 °C 以上的新超高温高原，为探索各种材料的超高温变形机制打开了大门。

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引用次数: 0

Ablation-resistant yttrium-modified high-entropy refractory metal silicide (NbMoTaW)Si2 coating for oxidizing environments up to 2100 °C 用于 2100 °C 以下氧化环境的抗烧蚀钇改性高熵难熔金属硅化物 (NbMoTaW)Si2 涂层

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.012

Juan Kuang , Qianqian Wang , Zhe Jia , Guoming Yi , Bo Sun , Yiyuan Yang , Ligang Sun , Ping Zhang , Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Xiubing Liang , Yang Lu , Baolong Shen

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are pivotal in ultra-high temperature applications, such as rocket nozzles, aerospace engines, and leading edges of hypersonic vehicles due to their exceptional mechanical ability to withstand severe thermal environments (in excess of 2000 °C). However, the selection of materials that satisfy the stringent criteria required for effective ablation resistance remains notably restricted. Here, a novel yttrium-modified high-entropy refractory metal silicide (Y-HERMS) coated on a refractory high-entropy NbMoTaW alloy is developed via pack cementation process. The developed Y-HERMS coating with sluggish diffusion effect demonstrates extraordinary ablation resistance, maintaining near-zero damage at sustained temperatures up to 2100 °C for a duration of 180 s, surpassing state-of-the-art high-performance silicide coatings. Such exceptional ultra-high ablation performance is primarily ascribed to the in-situ development of a high viscosity Si-Y-O oxide layer with increased thermal stability and the presence of high-melting Y(Nb_0.5Ta_0.5)O₄ oxides as skeleton structure. Theoretical results elucidate that the Y-HERMS promotes the formation of SiO₂, which impedes the diffusion of O into metal silicide layer, synergistically contributing to the superior ablation resistance. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing high-entropy materials with excellent ablation resistance in extreme thermal environments.

难熔高熵合金（RHEAs）因其卓越的机械性能而在火箭喷嘴、航空航天发动机和高超音速飞行器前缘等超高温应用中发挥着关键作用，可承受严酷的热环境（超过 2000 °C）。然而，能满足有效抗烧蚀所需的严格标准的材料选择仍然受到很大限制。在此，我们通过填料胶结工艺在耐火高熵 NbMoTaW 合金上涂覆了一种新型钇改性高熵耐火金属硅化物（Y-HERMS）。所开发的 Y-HERMS 涂层具有迟滞扩散效应，表现出非凡的耐烧蚀性，在持续温度高达 2100 ℃、持续时间为 180 秒的情况下仍能保持近乎零损伤，超越了最先进的高性能硅化物涂层。这种优异的超高烧蚀性能主要归功于在原位形成的高粘度 Si-Y-O 氧化物层具有更高的热稳定性，以及作为骨架结构的高熔点 Y（Nb0.5Ta0.5）O4 氧化物的存在。理论结果阐明，Y-HERMS 促进了 SiO2 的形成，从而阻碍了 O 向金属硅化物层的扩散，协同促进了卓越的抗烧蚀性。这些发现凸显了在极端热环境中利用具有优异抗烧蚀性的高熵材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances and challenges for bionic solar water evaporation 仿生太阳能水蒸发技术的最新进展与挑战

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.018

Ziheng Zhan , Yan Su , Mingzhu Xie , Yinfeng Li , Yong Shuai , Zhaolong Wang

Solar water evaporation is a sustainable, efficient, and environmental friendly solution to the freshwater production and energy crisis, which is drawing intensive research interest in recent years all over the world. In this work, we systematically summarize the design principles and recent progress of solar evaporators inspired by nature. Evaporation systems with bionic structures such as roots, stems, leaves, and even animal tissues can not only promote water transport inside the absorbers but also accelerate the solar water evaporation process, leading to a high evaporation rate and energy conversion efficiency. Most significantly, the promising applications of solar vapor generation for seawater desalination, water purification, electricity generation, evaporative cooling and photocatalytic degradation are also highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the future development of solar water evaporation are discussed in detail.

太阳能水蒸发是解决淡水生产和能源危机的一种可持续、高效、环保的方法，近年来在世界各地引起了广泛的研究兴趣。在这项工作中，我们系统地总结了受大自然启发的太阳能蒸发器的设计原理和最新进展。具有根、茎、叶甚至动物组织等仿生结构的蒸发系统不仅能促进吸收器内部的水输送，还能加速太阳能水蒸发过程，从而实现高蒸发率和能量转换效率。最重要的是，还强调了太阳能水蒸气发电在海水淡化、水净化、发电、蒸发冷却和光催化降解方面的应用前景。最后，详细讨论了太阳能水蒸发的未来发展前景和挑战。

引用次数: 0

High-entropy MAX phase with ultrahigh strength and large plasticity mediated by local chemical fluctuations 由局部化学波动介导的具有超高强度和大塑性的高熵 MAX 相

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.004

Zijiao Wu , Xiangyu Zhu , Yaozu Shen , Xiaobin Zong , Yuan Wu , Qingxiao Wang , Jianguo Tang , Zhengqi Wang , Huihui Zhu , Xiaoyuan Yuan , Zhiliang Zhou , Xiongjun Liu , Xiaobin Zhang , Hui Wang , Suihe Jiang , Moon J. Kim , Zhaoping Lu

MAX phases are an emerging kind of material with a unique combination of metallic and ceramic properties, and they have great potential to be utilized as high-temperature components. However, their lack of plastic deformation capability and low strength (particularly at high temperatures) result in unsatisfactory mechanical properties, which restricts their potential applications. In this study, we introduced local chemical fluctuations (LCFs) into atomic packing layers of MAX phases by applying the high-entropy concept learned from the metal community. We substituted Ti in the model Ti₂AlC MAX phase with Zr, Nb, and Ta and successfully developed a high-entropy MAX phase (TiZr_0.6NbTa)₂AlC while preserving its lattice structure. The enhanced LCFs in this new MAX phase created strong lattice strains, increasing the resistance to dislocation slip and then leading to a high compressive yield strength of over 500 MPa even at 1473 K. Also, the LCFs stimulated cross-slips and stacking faults during deformation, effectively alleviating strain localization, promoting uniform deformation, and eventually enhancing plasticity at room temperature and the elevated temperature. Our work not only sheds light on understanding the deformation mechanisms of MAX phases in general, but also offers a valuable route for improving their mechanical properties, making them competitive as the next-generation lightweight high-temperature materials.

MAX 相是一种新兴材料，具有独特的金属和陶瓷组合特性，在用作高温部件方面具有巨大潜力。然而，它们缺乏塑性变形能力，强度低（尤其是在高温下），导致机械性能不尽人意，限制了它们的潜在应用。在本研究中，我们应用从金属界学到的高熵概念，在 MAX 相的原子堆积层中引入了局部化学波动 (LCF)。我们用 Zr、Nb 和 Ta 取代了模型 Ti2AlC MAX 相中的 Ti，并成功开发出一种高熵 MAX 相 (TiZr0.6NbTa)2AlC，同时保留了其晶格结构。这种新的 MAX 相中增强的低熵因子产生了很强的晶格应变，提高了抗位错滑移的能力，即使在 1473 K 时也能产生超过 500 MPa 的高抗压屈服强度。此外，低熵因子还在变形过程中激发了交叉滑移和堆积断层，有效缓解了应变局部化，促进了均匀变形，并最终提高了室温和高温下的塑性。我们的研究不仅有助于理解 MAX 相的一般变形机制，还为改善其机械性能提供了宝贵的途径，使其成为具有竞争力的下一代轻质高温材料。

{"title":"High-entropy MAX phase with ultrahigh strength and large plasticity mediated by local chemical fluctuations","authors":"Zijiao Wu , Xiangyu Zhu , Yaozu Shen , Xiaobin Zong , Yuan Wu , Qingxiao Wang , Jianguo Tang , Zhengqi Wang , Huihui Zhu , Xiaoyuan Yuan , Zhiliang Zhou , Xiongjun Liu , Xiaobin Zhang , Hui Wang , Suihe Jiang , Moon J. Kim , Zhaoping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MAX phases are an emerging kind of material with a unique combination of metallic and ceramic properties, and they have great potential to be utilized as high-temperature components. However, their lack of plastic deformation capability and low strength (particularly at high temperatures) result in unsatisfactory mechanical properties, which restricts their potential applications. In this study, we introduced local chemical fluctuations (LCFs) into atomic packing layers of MAX phases by applying the high-entropy concept learned from the metal community. We substituted Ti in the model Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase with Zr, Nb, and Ta and successfully developed a high-entropy MAX phase (TiZr<sub>0.6</sub>NbTa)<sub>2</sub>AlC while preserving its lattice structure. The enhanced LCFs in this new MAX phase created strong lattice strains, increasing the resistance to dislocation slip and then leading to a high compressive yield strength of over 500 MPa even at 1473 K. Also, the LCFs stimulated cross-slips and stacking faults during deformation, effectively alleviating strain localization, promoting uniform deformation, and eventually enhancing plasticity at room temperature and the elevated temperature. Our work not only sheds light on understanding the deformation mechanisms of MAX phases in general, but also offers a valuable route for improving their mechanical properties, making them competitive as the next-generation lightweight high-temperature materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practical strategies to address the moisture barriers in the adsorption of aromatic volatile organic compounds in air 解决空气中芳香族挥发性有机化合物吸附过程中的湿气障碍的实用策略

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.022

Mingshen Yu , Botao Liu , Younes Ahmadi , Ki-Hyun Kim

Aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) are well-known pollutants that exist ubiquitously in both indoor and outdoor environments. Adsorption is yet employed most preferably for the mitigation of AVOCs with multiple merits (e.g., facile operation and low cost) among various technological options developed based on recovery or destruction principles. The adsorption of AVOCs is generally suppressed by the presence of other components like water vapor, while their interactions can also have a positive effect (e.g., in terms of reverse polarities such as between (polar) water and (non or weakly polar) AVOCs). It is thus possible to considerably improve the removal potential (e.g., adsorption capability and selectivity) of sorbents against AVOCs even under wet conditions. In this review, the basic aspects of AVOC adsorption in the presence of water vapor are discussed using benzene and toluene as model compounds. In this context, AVOC removal performance of adsorbents is assessed between wet and dry conditions in terms of adsorption capacity (Q), partition coefficient (PC), and capacity retention (Q_wet/Q_dry) after being sorted into three groups (i.e., AC-based, MOF-based, and miscellaneous adsorbents). As a result, a number of adsorbents with suitable pore size, high hydrophobicity, or abundant functional groups (e.g., BUT-55 and AC-MA) are identified to perform well under both dry and humid conditions. This study offers forward-looking insights into the establishment of advanced strategies to design high-performance sorbent materials against AVOCs under real-world humid conditions.

芳香族挥发性有机化合物（AVOC）是众所周知的污染物，在室内外环境中无处不在。在基于回收或销毁原理开发的各种技术方案中，吸附技术因其多种优点（如操作简便、成本低廉等）而最受青睐，被用于减少挥发性有机化合物的产生。AVOC 的吸附通常会受到水蒸气等其他成分的抑制，而它们之间的相互作用也会产生积极的影响（例如，在反极性方面，如（极性）水和（非极性或弱极性）AVOC 之间）。因此，即使在潮湿条件下，也有可能大大提高吸附剂对 AVOC 的去除潜力（如吸附能力和选择性）。本综述以苯和甲苯为模型化合物，讨论了水蒸气存在时 AVOC 吸附的基本方面。在此背景下，将吸附剂分为三类（即 AC 类、MOF 类和其他吸附剂），然后从吸附容量（Q）、分配系数（PC）和容量保持率（Qwet/Qdry）等方面评估吸附剂在湿润和干燥条件下去除 AVOC 的性能。结果发现，一些具有合适孔径、高疏水性或丰富官能团的吸附剂（如 BUT-55 和 AC-MA）在干燥和潮湿条件下均表现良好。这项研究提供了前瞻性的见解，有助于制定先进的策略，设计出在真实世界潮湿条件下对付反车辆挥发性有机化合物的高性能吸附剂材料。

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引用次数: 0

Dual and multi-immune activation strategies for emerging cancer immunotherapy 新兴癌症免疫疗法的双重和多重免疫激活策略

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.006

Ying Zhang , Liang Liu , Huilan He , Yu Sun , Zhiyuan Zhong

Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionizing clinical oncology and prosperously advanced by immune agonists that boost immune stimulation. In recent years, nano-agonists with tunable physicochemical properties have been developed to address the challenges faced by naked immune agonists, such as sub-optimal pharmacokinetics and off-target in vivo accumulation. Notably, due to the potential complementary or synergistic effects between immune agonists targeting distinct signaling pathways, nano-agonists that integrate dual or multiple immune activation modalities show promise in broadening the anti-tumor repertoire and have emerged as a significant topic in cancer immunotherapies. In addition to protecting payloads and facilitating their targeted accumulation, innovative nano-formulations can deliver combinations of immune adjuvant at optimized dosage ratios. To date, dual and multi-immune activation nano-agonists have been extensively explored, demonstrating promising pre-clinical performance in murine tumor models and significant potential for clinical translation. This review provides an overview of dual and multi-immune activation nano-strategies based on targeted signaling pathways and their performance in cancer immunotherapies and discusses the challenges and prospects for clinical translation.

癌症免疫疗法是临床肿瘤学的一场革命，通过免疫激动剂来增强免疫刺激的作用得到了蓬勃发展。近年来，具有可调理化特性的纳米激动剂应运而生，以解决裸体免疫激动剂所面临的挑战，例如药代动力学不理想和体内脱靶蓄积等。值得注意的是，由于靶向不同信号通路的免疫激动剂之间可能存在互补或协同效应，整合了双重或多重免疫激活模式的纳米激动剂有望扩大抗肿瘤范围，并已成为癌症免疫疗法的一个重要课题。除了保护有效载荷并促进其靶向积累外，创新的纳米制剂还能以优化的剂量比提供免疫佐剂组合。迄今为止，人们已经对双重和多重免疫激活纳米拮抗剂进行了广泛的探索，在小鼠肿瘤模型中显示出良好的临床前性能，并具有巨大的临床转化潜力。本综述概述了基于靶向信号通路的双重和多重免疫激活纳米策略及其在癌症免疫疗法中的表现，并讨论了临床转化所面临的挑战和前景。

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引用次数: 0

Following the electrochemical recovery of lithium-ion battery materials from molten salts using operando X-ray imaging 利用手术 X 射线成像技术跟踪锂离子电池材料从熔盐中的电化学回收过程

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.023

Mateen Mirza , Wenjia Du , Lara Rasha , Francesco Iacoviello , Tobias P. Neville , Steven Wilcock , Arfon H. Jones , Rhodri Jervis , Paul R. Shearing , Dan J.L. Brett

The creation of a circular economy is seen as one of the key challenges in recycling spent Li-ion batteries and would vastly diminish pressures faced in the initial extraction stage of the life cycle. Molten salts (MS) possess a set of excellent electrochemical properties and have been used to recycle metals and non-metals in the battery, metallurgical, nuclear and planetary science sectors. However, an in-depth and clear visual understanding of the electrochemical reduction process is still lacking. Here, we have overcome this challenge by developing a bespoke, miniaturised electrochemical cell enabling real-time X-ray imaging studies. A combination of X-ray radiography and tomography provide an opportunity to non-destructively reveal detailed microstructural evaluation of the electrochemical cell during the pyro-chemical process. Moreover, we have found that significant amounts of CO/CO₂ accumulated at the anode surface may lead to undesired operational consequences.

创建循环经济被视为回收废旧锂离子电池的关键挑战之一，并将大大减轻生命周期初始提取阶段所面临的压力。熔盐（MS）具有一系列优异的电化学特性，已被用于电池、冶金、核能和行星科学领域的金属和非金属回收。然而，人们对电化学还原过程仍缺乏深入而清晰的直观了解。在这里，我们开发了一种定制的微型电化学电池，可以进行实时 X 射线成像研究，从而克服了这一挑战。X 射线射线照相术和断层摄影术相结合，为非破坏性地揭示电化学电池在热化学过程中的详细微观结构评估提供了机会。此外，我们还发现，阳极表面积聚的大量 CO/CO2 可能会导致不良的运行后果。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical spectroscopy of materials using atomic force microscopy (AFM-MS) 利用原子力显微镜 (AFM-MS) 对材料进行机械光谱分析

IF 21.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.08.021

M. Petrov , D. Canena , N. Kulachenkov , N. Kumar , Pierre Nickmilder , Philippe Leclère , Igor Sokolov

Here, we present a novel mechano-spectroscopic atomic force microscopy (AFM-MS) technique that overcomes the limitations of current spectroscopic methods by combining the high-resolution imaging capabilities of AFM with machine learning (ML) classification. AFM-MS employs AFM operating in sub-resonance tapping imaging mode, which enables the collection of multiple physical and mechanical property maps of a sample with sub-nanometer lateral resolution in a highly repeatable manner. By comparing these properties to a database of known materials, the technique identifies the location of constituent materials at each image pixel with the assistance of ML algorithms. We demonstrate AFM-MS on various material mixtures, achieving an unprecedented lateral spectroscopic resolution of 1.6 nm. This powerful approach opens new avenues for nanoscale material study, including the material identification and correlation of nanostructure with macroscopic material properties. The ability to map material composition with such high resolution will significantly advance the understanding and design of complex, nanostructured materials.

在此，我们介绍一种新型机械光谱原子力显微镜（AFM-MS）技术，该技术将原子力显微镜的高分辨率成像能力与机器学习（ML）分类相结合，从而克服了当前光谱方法的局限性。AFM-MS 采用在亚共振攻丝成像模式下工作的原子力显微镜，能以高度可重复的方式收集具有亚纳米级横向分辨率的样品的多种物理和机械属性图。通过将这些特性与已知材料数据库进行比较，该技术可在多层面算法的帮助下确定每个图像像素的组成材料位置。我们在各种材料混合物上演示了 AFM-MS，实现了前所未有的 1.6 纳米横向光谱分辨率。这种强大的方法为纳米级材料研究开辟了新的途径，包括材料识别以及纳米结构与宏观材料特性的关联。以如此高的分辨率绘制材料成分图的能力将极大地推动对复杂纳米结构材料的理解和设计。

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引用次数: 0