Materials Today最新文献

Enhanced strength and plasticity with high thermoelectric performance in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 by microstructure design 通过显微结构设计提高了Mg3(Sb, Bi)2的强度和塑性，并具有较高的热电性能

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103207

Lifeng Jiang , Shuyue Tan , Tongzheng Xin , Peng Xie , Shuyan Shi , Donghu Zhou , Jiehe Sui , Shijian Zheng , Zongning Chen , Enyu Guo , Rongchun Chen , Huijun Kang , Ming Liu , Yuan Yu , Tongmin Wang

The intrinsic trade-off between strength and plasticity is a major obstacle to improving the mechanical performance of materials, particularly brittle thermoelectric compounds. Developing intrinsically plastic thermoelectric materials with improved machinability and functionality has received increasing attention. Yet, the existing plastic thermoelectrics often show low strength and poor thermoelectric performance at elevated temperatures. Here, we introduce a microstructure-engineering strategy that integrates nanopore architectonics with heterointerface design to achieve a synergistic enhancement of strength, plasticity, and thermoelectric performance in Mg₃(Sb, Bi)₂. Dispersed nanopores improve both strength and plasticity by promoting dislocation-surface interactions. In parallel, TiB₂ hetero-particles strengthen the material via pinning dislocations at phase interfaces while preserving plasticity via interfacial complexions that facilitate dislocation slip. These heteroparticles also enhance phonon scattering and provide charge compensation, thereby significantly improving the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). As a consequence, polycrystalline Mg_3.2Sb_1.5Bi_0.49Te_0.01–0.03 TiB₂ achieves an exceptional strength of ∼ 730 MPa and a superior strain of ∼ 45%, alongside zT above 1 across 400–723 K and a peak zT of ∼ 1.55 at 723 K. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for simultaneously optimizing mechanical robustness and thermoelectric performance through microstructure manipulation, offering a pathway toward the design of next-generation high-performance plastic thermoelectrics.

强度和塑性之间的内在权衡是提高材料机械性能的主要障碍，特别是脆性热电化合物。开发具有改进可加工性和功能性的塑性热电材料已受到越来越多的关注。然而，现有的塑料热电材料在高温下往往表现出低强度和较差的热电性能。在这里，我们介绍了一种微结构工程策略，将纳米孔结构与异质界面设计相结合，以实现Mg3(Sb, Bi)2的强度、塑性和热电性能的协同增强。分散的纳米孔通过促进位错-表面相互作用来提高强度和塑性。同时，TiB2异质颗粒通过在相界面上钉住位错来增强材料，同时通过促进位错滑移的界面络合来保持材料的塑性。这些异质粒子还增强声子散射并提供电荷补偿，从而显著提高热电性能值（zT）。因此，多晶Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01-0.03 TiB2在400-723 K范围内具有优异的强度（~ 730 MPa）和优异的应变（~ 45%），zT在1以上，723 K时zT峰值为~ 1.55。这项工作展示了一种有效的策略，通过微观结构操纵同时优化机械稳健性和热电性能，为下一代高性能塑料热电器件的设计提供了一条途径。

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引用次数: 0

Solar-blind deep UV photodetector based on β-Ga2O3/AlN/p-Si nBp tunneling photodiode for extreme temperature applications 基于β-Ga2O3/AlN/p-Si nBp隧道光电二极管的极端温度应用太阳盲深紫外光电探测器

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103220

Chong Gao , Yuefei Wang , Youheng Song , Yujie Wang , Shihao Fu , Yurui Han , Zhe Wu , Weizhe Cui , Ruize Gao , Bingsheng Li , Aidong Shen , Yichun Liu

The authors report high gain solar-blind deep UV photodetector of a β-Ga₂O₃/AlN/p-Si nBp heterojunction exhibits high-efficiency and stable operation across an extreme temperature range from 173 K to 373 K with ultra-high detectivity of 4.39 × 10¹⁵ – 1.06 × 10¹⁶ Jones as well as high ultraviolet–visible rejection ratio surpassing 10⁵. At room temperature, the nbp device shows a peak responsivity of 18.92 A/W, an extremely high ultraviolet–visible rejection ratio of 6.87 × 10⁵, and a detectivity of 7.83 × 10¹⁵Jones. Upon the application of an external reverse bias voltage of 46 V, a pronounced abrupt increase in the current is observed, signifying the presence of a substantial gain. Under a bias voltage of −70 V, the gain achieves 9 × 10⁴. Variable-temperature I-V characterization reveals that the threshold voltage corresponding to abrupt current onset in the nbp heterojunction exhibits a negative temperature coefficient, which provides the evidence for tunneling effect as the dominant carrier transport mechanism. This operational principle diverges from the avalanche multiplication mechanism reported previously in β-Ga₂O₃/AlN/ Si nBn heterostructures. Notably, this result demonstrates a design strategy for Si-based β-Ga₂O₃ solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by engineering the Fermi level offset at the β-Ga₂O₃/Si interface. Through precise modulation of the band alignment, the depletion layer width is controlled, enabling a transition between distinct gain mechanisms.

作者报道了β-Ga2O3/AlN/p-Si nBp异质结的高增益太阳盲深紫外光电探测器在173 K至373 K的极端温度范围内具有高效率和稳定的工作，具有4.39 × 1015 - 1.06 × 1016 Jones的超高探测率和超过105的高紫外可见光抑制比。在室温下，nbp器件的峰值响应率为18.92 a /W，紫外可见光抑制比为6.87 × 105，探测率为7.83 × 1015Jones。在施加46 V的外部反向偏置电压后，观察到电流的显著突然增加，表明存在大量增益。在−70 V的偏置电压下，增益达到9 × 104。变温I-V表征表明，nbp异质结中突变电流起始对应的阈值电压呈现负温度系数，这为隧道效应是主导的载流子输运机制提供了证据。这种工作原理不同于先前在β-Ga2O3/AlN/ Si nBn异质结构中报道的雪崩倍增机制。值得注意的是，这一结果证明了通过在β-Ga2O3/Si界面处设计费米能级偏移来设计Si基β-Ga2O3太阳盲紫外探测器的策略。通过精确调制的带对准，耗尽层的宽度是可控的，使不同的增益机制之间的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

LLM-assisted intelligent discovery of metal-organic frameworks for solid-state electrolytes llm辅助智能发现固态电解质的金属有机框架

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103225

Zuoshuai Xi , Xinmeng Xu , Hongyi Gao, Ge Wang

The development of high-performance solid-state electrolytes has long been hindered by the inefficiency of traditional discovery methods and the lack of systematic design principles. In the October 24, 2025 issue of JACS, Zhang and co-workers leveraged large language models combined with representation clustering to intelligently mine promising metal–organic framework-based electrolytes, offering a transformative approach to materials discovery.

由于传统的发现方法效率低下和缺乏系统的设计原则，高性能固态电解质的发展一直受到阻碍。在2025年10月24日出版的JACS上，Zhang和同事利用大型语言模型结合表示聚类来智能地挖掘有前途的基于金属有机框架的电解质，为材料发现提供了一种革命性的方法。

引用次数: 0

Harnessing ferroelectric domain wall optoelectronics for bitstream data security 利用铁电畴壁光电子技术实现比特流数据安全

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103215

Changdong Liu , Wenzhao Wang , Tiancong Cao , Mohammad A. Islam , Yingjie Xia , Changlin Zheng , Jun Jiang , Zongquan Gu

The inherent unpredictability of physical property randomness holds great promise for information security applications. A novel encryption approach is devised based on the optoelectronic responses of conducting domain walls (CDWs) in BiFeO₃ thin films, integrating nonlinear transformations with true random secret keys to enhance the overall security. The plaintext is defined by the wavelength-dependent photocurrents at 405, 520 and 635 nm optical excitations and the distortions in each RGB channel are introduced by additional electrical pulsing. The nonlinear transformation makes the characteristic pattern hidden, increasing the image entropy from 2.59 to 6.83. The encryption is then conducted by true random secret keys generated by the stochastic fluctuations of domain wall currents (DWCs) to implement logical encryption operations. The image entropy is further increased to 7.95 with the transition of correlation plots from strong correlations between pixels to aperiodic characteristic pattern. The encryption shows high resistances to attacks by exhaustive method and quantum search, logarithmically extending cracking time with key length bits. The robustness of the scheme is verified by typical differential attacks, noise additions and occlusion interruptions. The approach conveniently embeds a two-step encryption in the optoelectronic responses of conducting domain walls, providing a proof-of-concept solution for data security in AI and IoT.

物理属性随机性固有的不可预测性为信息安全应用带来了巨大的希望。基于BiFeO3薄膜导电畴壁（CDWs）的光电响应，设计了一种新的加密方法，将非线性变换与真正的随机密钥相结合，以提高整体安全性。明文由波长相关的光电流在405,520和635 nm光激发下定义，每个RGB通道中的畸变由附加的电脉冲引入。非线性变换使特征模式被隐藏，使图像熵由2.59提高到6.83。然后通过域壁电流随机波动产生的真随机密钥进行加密，实现逻辑加密操作。随着相关图由像素间的强相关图向非周期特征图过渡，图像熵进一步提高到7.95。通过穷举法和量子搜索，以对数方式延长密钥长度比特的破解时间，该加密具有很高的抗攻击能力。通过典型的差分攻击、噪声添加和遮挡中断验证了该方案的鲁棒性。该方法方便地将两步加密嵌入导电畴壁的光电响应中，为人工智能和物联网中的数据安全提供了概念验证解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Coral-inspired passive radiative cooling textiles toward extreme environments 珊瑚启发的被动辐射冷却纺织品，适用于极端环境

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103210

Peibo Du , Kefan Zhang , Xiaoyan Li , Jinping Zhang , Min Song , Xin Dai , Javed Muhammad , Fengyan Ge , Qingguo Li , Zaisheng Cai

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology holds promise for reducing energy consumption and improving human thermal comfort. However, achieving efficient cooling under extreme environments such as thermal shock, fire exposure, and bacterial proliferation remains a formidable challenge. Inspired by natural coral, we proposed a safe-adaptive collaborative cooling design concept and fabricated a novel cellulose acetate-phytic acid-calcium(II) (CPC)-coated fabric that integrates Janus wettability, spectral selectivity, flame retardancy and antibacterial properties via an endogenous-water-driven phase separation strategy. The hierarchical CPC-coated fabric possesses splendid solar reflectance (96.5%), mid-infrared emittance(98.1%), and unidirectional moisture-wicking performance, triggering a cooling temperature of 12.9 ℃ and 17.1 ℃ in dry and sweaty state, respectively. Besides, the CPC-coated fabric shows excellent flame retardancy (limiting oxidation index (LOI) of 32% and peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of 58.1 W/g) and antibacterial performance (exceeding 99.9% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)). Furthermore, the CPC-coated fabric exhibits favourable UV resistance, biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, color scalability and washability. Given these first-class features, the CPC-coated may provide a new insight into developing advanced radiative cooling textiles.

被动日间辐射冷却（PDRC）技术有望减少能源消耗和改善人体热舒适。然而，在诸如热冲击、火灾暴露和细菌繁殖等极端环境下实现高效冷却仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。受天然珊瑚的启发，我们提出了一种安全自适应协同冷却设计概念，并制造了一种新型的醋酸纤维素-植酸-钙（II）（CPC）涂层织物，该织物通过内源水驱动的相分离策略集成了Janus润湿性、光谱选择性、阻燃性和抗菌性能。分层cpc涂层织物具有良好的太阳反射率（96.5%）、中红外发射率（98.1%）和单向吸湿性能，干燥和出汗状态下的冷却温度分别为12.9℃和17.1℃。此外，cpc涂层织物具有优异的阻燃性能（极限氧化指数（LOI）为32%，峰值放热率（PHRR）为58.1 W/g）和抗菌性能（对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）均超过99.9%）。此外，cpc涂层织物具有良好的抗紫外线性，生物相容性，机械坚固性，颜色可扩展性和可水洗性。鉴于这些一流的特点，cpc涂层可能为开发先进的辐射冷却纺织品提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced triboelectric aerogels: mechanisms, structures and applications 先进摩擦电气凝胶：机理、结构和应用

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103219

Shunli Chen, Xujun Zhou, Song Zhang, Yanhua Liu, Tao Liu, Bin Luo, Xiangjiang Meng, Jinlong Wang, Chenchen Cai, Shuangxi Nie

Lightweight and robust aerogels represent a promising material platform for next generation energy harvesting and multifunctional electronic systems. Benefiting from ultralow density, high specific surface area, and tunable physicochemical properties, they enable efficient charge interaction and mechanical deformability. However, balancing lightweight architecture, structural robustness, and charge stability remains a core challenge. This review summarizes recent advances in high-performance aerogels for triboelectric nanogenerators, emphasizing the intrinsic correlations among microstructure, charge transfer behavior, and mechanical reinforcement. First, the charge generation and transfer mechanisms within porous architectures are clarified, followed by discussion of how mechanical robustness supports stable charge retention and repeatable triboelectric output. The review then discusses reinforcement strategies, particularly molecular interaction modulation and multiscale structural design, to clarify their roles in enhancing toughness and charge stability. Triboelectric aerogels are also classified according to material composition. Furthermore, the applications of energy harvesting and emerging fields, including motion monitoring, high-temperature sensing, biomedicine, thermal management, and electromagnetic interference shielding, are introduced. Finally, key challenges and future research directions are outlined to guide the continued development of aerogels triboelectric materials.

轻质和坚固的气凝胶代表了下一代能量收集和多功能电子系统的有前途的材料平台。得益于超低密度、高比表面积和可调的物理化学性质，它们能够实现高效的电荷相互作用和机械变形性。然而，平衡轻量级架构、结构稳健性和电荷稳定性仍然是核心挑战。本文综述了用于摩擦电纳米发电机的高性能气凝胶的最新进展，强调了其微观结构、电荷转移行为和机械增强之间的内在联系。首先，澄清了多孔结构中的电荷产生和转移机制，然后讨论了机械鲁棒性如何支持稳定的电荷保留和可重复的摩擦电输出。然后讨论了增强策略，特别是分子相互作用调制和多尺度结构设计，以阐明它们在增强韧性和电荷稳定性方面的作用。摩擦电气凝胶也根据材料成分进行分类。介绍了能量收集在运动监测、高温传感、生物医学、热管理、电磁干扰屏蔽等新兴领域的应用。最后，提出了气凝胶摩擦电材料研究面临的主要挑战和未来的研究方向，以指导气凝胶摩擦电材料的进一步发展。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging Multi-Material Ceramic Additive Manufacturing and Intrinsic Material-Based Catalyst Metallization to Realize Robust and Damage-Free 3D Ceramic Electronics 利用多材料陶瓷增材制造和基于本征材料的催化剂金属化实现坚固和无损伤的三维陶瓷电子

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103202

Kewei Song , Ze Zhang , Zifu Fan , Yifan Pan , Weiyang Wan , Yannan Li , Shinjiro Umezu , Hirotaka Sato

The fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) ceramic electronics is hindered by the lack of metallization methods that can achieve stable coating on curved surfaces and internal cavities without thermal damage. Here, a material-intrinsic catalytic design is implemented on a multi-material vat photopolymerization (MM-VPP) 3D printing platform, in which inert voxels without Pd²⁺ and active voxels containing Pd²⁺ are directly encoded into the monolithic ceramic structure during the printing stage. After co-sintering, the Pd²⁺ is in situ converted into surface Pd(0) nano-anchors, providing autocatalytic sites for subsequent electroless deposition, thereby achieving 3D selective metallization without energy writing. This method is applicable to a variety of systems such as Ni, Cu, and Ag, obtaining dense, continuous metal layers with robust interfaces and showing stable performance in standardized adhesion and electrical characterizations. Long-term thermal aging, damp heat exposure, ozone aging, thermal shock, and thermal cycling tests further confirm that the ceramic–metal interface maintains continuous structure and stable functionality under extended service conditions. Device-level verification shows that the ceramic antenna maintains stable communication at high temperature (short-term conditions), and the ceramic light emitting diode (LED) module exhibits stable conduction at low temperature. The combination of MM-VPP and intrinsic catalytic patterning provides a scalable platform for 3D selective metallization of ceramic architectures and offers compatibility to complement existing processes, particularly for complex ceramic geometries and non-line-of-sight regions.

复杂三维（3D）陶瓷电子器件的制造受到缺乏金属化方法的阻碍，这种方法可以在弯曲表面和内部腔上实现稳定的涂层而不会产生热损伤。本研究在多材料还原光聚合（MM-VPP） 3D打印平台上实现了材料本质催化设计，在打印阶段将不含Pd2+的惰性体素和含Pd2+的活性体素直接编码到单片陶瓷结构中。共烧结后，Pd2+在原位转化为表面Pd(0)纳米锚点，为后续化学沉积提供自催化位点，从而实现无需能量写入的3D选择性金属化。该方法适用于多种体系，如Ni、Cu和Ag，获得致密、连续的金属层，具有坚固的界面，并在标准化粘附和电特性方面表现出稳定的性能。长期热老化、湿热暴露、臭氧老化、热冲击和热循环试验进一步证实，陶瓷-金属界面在延长使用条件下保持连续的结构和稳定的功能。器件级验证表明，陶瓷天线在高温（短期条件）下保持稳定的通信，陶瓷发光二极管（LED）模块在低温下保持稳定的导通。MM-VPP和内在催化图图化的结合为陶瓷结构的3D选择性金属化提供了一个可扩展的平台，并提供了兼容性，以补充现有的工艺，特别是复杂的陶瓷几何形状和非视线区域。

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引用次数: 0

Scaffolded nanopores during carbonization: a strategy for stabilizing nanoporous polymer-derived carbons 碳化过程中支架纳米孔：稳定纳米多孔聚合物衍生碳的策略

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103214

Meudjeu Tognia , Xinyu Dong , Mengjie Hou , Lin Li , Hua Wang , Yan Li , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Runsheng Yu , Tonghua Wang

Porous carbons obtained from pyrolysis of polymer precursors are central to membrane separations, adsorbents, and electrochemical devices, yet their high-temperature carbonization drives densification and pore collapse. Here a thermally guided sacrificial templating with pore scaffolding strategy is introduced using what we named a decomposition-derived scaffoldant (DDS): a templating-scaffolding agent that decomposes to generate additional porosity and subsequently yield nano-carbonaceous residues that skeletonize and stabilize the pore network. Using a phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether ketone) (PEK-C) as polymer precursor and [C₂OHMIM][DCA] as model DDS, we enabled the formation of stabilized interconnected sub-nanometre pore networks while simultaneously suppressing graphitic stacking, and controlling structural densification. As an applied case, we fabricated carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes for CO₂ separation. The resulting porous carbons exhibited exceptional CO₂ permeabilities (up to 13665 ± 683 Barrer) and outstanding selectivities (CO₂/N₂ = 127 ± 9, and CO₂/CH₄ = 109 ± 8 under optimal conditions) that surpass the 2019 upper bound, alongside long-term stability outperforming current membrane technologies. The concept was validated across multiple polymer systems, establishing a generalizable route to mitigate pore collapse in polymer-derived pyrolyzed materials, using commercially accessible materials and scalable processing.

从聚合物前体热解得到的多孔碳是膜分离、吸附剂和电化学装置的核心，但它们的高温碳化驱动致密化和孔隙坍塌。本文介绍了一种具有孔支架策略的热引导牺牲模板，使用我们命名的分解衍生支架剂（DDS）：一种模板支架剂，它可以分解产生额外的孔隙，随后产生纳米碳质残留物，这些残留物可以骨架化并稳定孔隙网络。以酚酞基聚芳醚酮（PEK-C）为聚合物前驱体，以[C2OHMIM][DCA]为模型DDS，我们在抑制石墨堆积和控制结构致密化的同时，实现了稳定的互联亚纳米孔隙网络的形成。作为应用实例，我们制备了用于CO2分离的碳分子筛（CMS）膜。所制得的多孔碳具有优异的CO2渗透率（高达13665±683 Barrer）和出色的选择性（最佳条件下CO2/N2 = 127±9,CO2/CH4 = 109±8），超过了2019年的上限，并且长期稳定性优于当前的膜技术。该概念在多种聚合物体系中得到了验证，通过使用商业上可获得的材料和可扩展的工艺，建立了一种通用的途径来减轻聚合物衍生的热解材料的孔隙坍塌。

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引用次数: 0

Putting fatigue to rest via solute-pinned boundaries 通过溶质固定的边界使疲劳休息

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103187

Manish Jain , Daniel Vizoso , Alejandro Hinojos , Alejandro Barrios , Kyle R. Dorman , Yichen Yang , David Adams , Khalid Hattar , Doug L. Medlin , Olivier Pierron , Rémi Dingreville , Brad L. Boyce

All metals have their limit when it comes to enduring fatigue damage. The best commercial alloys can survive 10⁷ cycles at cyclic stress amplitudes up to approximately 850 MPa. Here we explore the possibility of exceeding that limit by preventing dislocation-mediated crack nucleation processes. In the current study, a model solute-stabilized nanocrystalline alloy (Pt-10 atom% Au) is shown to sustain no fatigue damage even after 10¹⁰ cycles at stress amplitudes above 1 GPa (corresponding to an applied maximum strain of 0.65% under fully reversed loading). To understand the origins of that remarkable fatigue resistance, atomistic simulations and electron microscopy point to the role of solute-stabilized grain boundaries which prevent the nanostructured alloy from undergoing fatigue-induced grain growth and subsequent dislocation-mediated fatigue damage. Such findings point to new pathways to suppress crack initiation in nanostructured metals, offering a possibility of future metals that are impervious to fatigue failure.

所有金属在承受疲劳损伤时都有其极限。最好的商用合金可以在高达约850mpa的循环应力幅值下存活107次循环。在这里，我们通过防止位错介导的裂纹成核过程来探索超过该限制的可能性。在目前的研究中，一种模型溶质稳定纳米晶合金（Pt-10原子% Au）在应力振幅高于1 GPa（对应于完全反向加载下0.65%的最大应变）的情况下，即使经过1010次循环也不会产生疲劳损伤。为了理解这种显著的抗疲劳性的起源，原子模拟和电子显微镜指出了溶质稳定晶界的作用，它可以防止纳米结构合金经历疲劳诱导的晶粒生长和随后的位错介导的疲劳损伤。这些发现指出了抑制纳米结构金属裂纹萌生的新途径，为未来不受疲劳破坏影响的金属提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

Solid Lubricant Molybdenum Based MXene With Prolonged Macroscale Superlubricity 具有长期宏观超润滑性能的钼基MXene固体润滑剂

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.009

Sai Varun Sunkara , Sukriti Manna , Dario F. Zambrano , Brian C. Wyatt , Jacob Patenaude , Bethany G. Wright , Yuzi Liu , Subramanian Sankaranarayanan , Babak Anasori , Andreas Rosenkranz , Anirudha V. Sumant

The mechanical and tribological properties of MXene coatings have gained notable attention in recent years due to their promising friction and wear performance. However, the chemical stability of MXenes under tribo-mechanical stress, a critical factor for ensuring long-term reliable lubrication, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the tribological behavior of a multi-layer molybdenum-based carbide MXene (ordered double transition metal Mo₂TiC₂T_x), highlighting its exceptional performance as a solid lubricant in dry nitrogen atmosphere when sliding against a diamond-like carbon (DLC) counterface at macroscale. Our findings reveal sustained superlubricity, with an impressively low friction coefficient of 0.005, and remarkable wear rate (5.11x10^-10 mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹) over a prolonged linear sliding distance of 86 km without any sign of failure, outperforming all previously tested MXenes and 2D materials under similar conditions. Comprehensive characterization, along with molecular dynamics simulations, reveals the formation of a carbon-rich tribolayer, enabled by the enhanced tribo-catalytic activity of Mo under tribo-mechanical stress, which facilitates prolonged superlubricity. The exceptional durability and superlubricious performance of Mo₂TiC₂T_x coatings with negligible wear pave the way for the development of more robust and catalytically active MXenes with extended wear life and offer a promising alternative to oil-based lubricants in tribology.

MXene涂层具有良好的摩擦磨损性能，近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，MXenes在摩擦机械应力下的化学稳定性（确保长期可靠润滑的关键因素）仍未得到充分研究。在这项研究中，我们研究了多层钼基碳化物MXene（有序双过渡金属Mo2TiC2Tx）的摩擦学行为，强调了它在干燥氮气气氛中与类金刚石（DLC）表面滑动时作为固体润滑剂的卓越性能。我们的研究结果表明，该材料具有持续的超润滑性能，摩擦系数低至0.005，磨损率（5.11 × 10-10 mm3 N−1 m−1），在86公里的长线性滑动距离内没有任何失效迹象，优于之前测试过的所有MXenes和2D材料。综合表征和分子动力学模拟揭示了富碳摩擦层的形成，这是由于Mo在摩擦机械应力下增强了摩擦催化活性，从而促进了超润滑的延长。Mo2TiC2Tx涂层具有优异的耐久性和超润滑性能，磨损可以忽略不计，为开发更坚固、催化活性更强的MXenes铺平了道路，延长了磨损寿命，在摩擦学领域为油基润滑剂提供了一个有希望的替代品。

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引用次数: 0