Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103250
Jie Liang , Zhaochen Li , Fang Ye , Chuchu Guo , Yi An , Yuchen Cao , Wenting Zhi , Shaopu Xue , Yi Zhang , Qing Zhang , Xiaomeng Fan , Qiang Song
Future multifunctional thermal protection materials for extreme environments should feature a dual-layer structure, with the outer layer as ablation-resistant materials and the inner layer as high-temperature-resistant multifunctional materials. This work presents an inner‑layer material, a foam ceramic with periodic nanofiber membrane intercalation (FCPN), that simultaneously achieves high‑temperature electromagnetic wave absorption, thermal insulation, and mechanical robustness. Through hierarchical pore engineering and electromagnetic‑thermal coupling design, the FCPN delivers a 36 GHz absorption bandwidth up to 1200 °C—the highest reported operating temperature for such absorbers—and a low thermal conductivity of 0.08 W·m−1·K−1 at only 9.2 mm thick. Compared with conventional foam ceramics, this represents a 718% bandwidth enhancement and a 70% reduction in thermal conductivity, while retaining a compressive strength of 6.65 MPa. Integrated with a wave‑transparent Si3N4 composite, the FCPN‑based thermal protection system withstands 1585 °C oxyhydrogen flame for 35 min and 2300 °C oxyacetylene flame for 20 s, demonstrating unified ultra‑broadband absorption, thermal management, and load‑bearing capacity for hypersonic stealth skins.
{"title":"Thermal-mechanical-electrical coupled hierarchical foam ceramics for multifunctional extreme environment thermal protection","authors":"Jie Liang , Zhaochen Li , Fang Ye , Chuchu Guo , Yi An , Yuchen Cao , Wenting Zhi , Shaopu Xue , Yi Zhang , Qing Zhang , Xiaomeng Fan , Qiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future multifunctional thermal protection materials for extreme environments should feature a dual-layer structure, with the outer layer as ablation-resistant materials and the inner layer as high-temperature-resistant multifunctional materials. This work presents an inner‑layer material, a foam ceramic with periodic nanofiber membrane intercalation (FCPN), that simultaneously achieves high‑temperature electromagnetic wave absorption, thermal insulation, and mechanical robustness. Through hierarchical pore engineering and electromagnetic‑thermal coupling design, the FCPN delivers a 36 GHz absorption bandwidth up to 1200 °C—the highest reported operating temperature for such absorbers—and a low thermal conductivity of 0.08 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> at only 9.2 mm thick. Compared with conventional foam ceramics, this represents a 718% bandwidth enhancement and a 70% reduction in thermal conductivity, while retaining a compressive strength of 6.65 MPa. Integrated with a wave‑transparent Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite, the FCPN‑based thermal protection system withstands 1585 °C oxyhydrogen flame for 35 min and 2300 °C oxyacetylene flame for 20 s, demonstrating unified ultra‑broadband absorption, thermal management, and load‑bearing capacity for hypersonic stealth skins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103250"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103213
Yuxuan Xia , Zheng Wang , Tianyu Wang , Jialin Meng
Artificial vision has emerged as a prominent research focus in recent years. Traditional artificial vision systems suffer from drawbacks such as high power consumption, slow response times, and limited integration capabilities. Memristors, however, have gradually gained prominence as an emerging device for realizing artificial vision due to their integrated compute-in-memory architecture, low power consumption, high-density integration, and synaptic characteristics. This paper summarizes typical memristor materials, structures, and their storage characteristics as the foundation of neuromorphic computing, and systematically explores memristor-based synaptic plasticity, artificial neurons, and memristor crossbar to achieve neuromorphic computing functions. It further introduces applications of memristor-based artificial vision in image processing, motion detection, encoding and logic gate calculation, visual simulation, and visual system. Finally, it anticipates potential challenges and future prospects for memristor-based artificial vision, offering guiding recommendations for its application in intelligent robotics, autonomous driving, and bionic electronic eyes.
{"title":"Advanced artificial synaptic memristor for visual neuromorphic computing: From materials to system","authors":"Yuxuan Xia , Zheng Wang , Tianyu Wang , Jialin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial vision has emerged as a prominent research focus in recent years. Traditional artificial vision systems suffer from drawbacks such as high power consumption, slow response times, and limited integration capabilities. Memristors, however, have gradually gained prominence as an emerging device for realizing artificial vision due to their integrated compute-in-memory architecture, low power consumption, high-density integration, and synaptic characteristics. This paper summarizes typical memristor materials, structures, and their storage characteristics as the foundation of neuromorphic computing, and systematically explores memristor-based synaptic plasticity, artificial neurons, and memristor crossbar to achieve neuromorphic computing functions. It further introduces applications of memristor-based artificial vision in image processing, motion detection, encoding and logic gate calculation, visual simulation, and visual system. Finally, it anticipates potential challenges and future prospects for memristor-based artificial vision, offering guiding recommendations for its application in intelligent robotics, autonomous driving, and bionic electronic eyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103213"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103218
Zeeshan Qayyum , Wenjing Xu , Qi Liu , Maaz Khan , Lijuan Hou , Muhammad Munaim Khan , Wenxiu He , Daobin Mu , Li Li , Renjie Chen , Feng Wu
The growing need for sustainable and high-performance energy storage technologies has positioned sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), largely owing to the abundance, widespread geographic distribution, and economic benefits of sodium resources. Phosphate- and pyrophosphate-based polyanionic oxide materials are prominent cathode candidates due to their strong structural integrity, excellent thermal stability, and high operational safety. These materials demonstrate elevated working voltages and consistent sodium storage characteristics, rendering them especially suitable for extensive applications. However, their extensive use is constrained by inherent limitations, such as inadequate electronic conductivity and moderate specific capacities, which limit their rate capability and energy density. Despite the increasing amount of research in polyanionic cathodes, there is currently no comprehensive analysis that systematically outlines optimization methodologies from a structural evolution perspective or creates a coherent framework linking crystal chemistry and sodium storage behavior. Addressing this gap is critical for directing rational design and hastening technological adoption. This review examines recent developments in phosphate-based polyanion cathode materials, including simple phosphates, pyrophosphates, and mixed polyanionic frameworks. Modification strategies are emphasized, including elemental doping, surface carbon coating, morphology control, and advanced electrode design, all intended to enhance electrochemical performance and address conductivity limitations. The review critically assesses the relationship among crystal structure, synthesis methodology, and sodium-ion diffusion kinetics. Future research directions are outlined, focusing on scalable synthesis, enhanced rate performance, and commercial viability, to provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation phosphate-based polyanionic cathodes for SIBs.
{"title":"Structural innovation and electrochemical progress in phosphate-based polyanionic oxide cathodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Zeeshan Qayyum , Wenjing Xu , Qi Liu , Maaz Khan , Lijuan Hou , Muhammad Munaim Khan , Wenxiu He , Daobin Mu , Li Li , Renjie Chen , Feng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing need for sustainable and high-performance energy storage technologies has positioned sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), largely owing to the abundance, widespread geographic distribution, and economic benefits of sodium resources. Phosphate- and pyrophosphate-based polyanionic oxide materials are prominent cathode candidates due to their strong structural integrity, excellent thermal stability, and high operational safety. These materials demonstrate elevated working voltages and consistent sodium storage characteristics, rendering them especially suitable for extensive applications. However, their extensive use is constrained by inherent limitations, such as inadequate electronic conductivity and moderate specific capacities, which limit their rate capability and energy density. Despite the increasing amount of research in polyanionic cathodes, there is currently no comprehensive analysis that systematically outlines optimization methodologies from a structural evolution perspective or creates a coherent framework linking crystal chemistry and sodium storage behavior. Addressing this gap is critical for directing rational design and hastening technological adoption. This review examines recent developments in phosphate-based polyanion cathode materials, including simple phosphates, pyrophosphates, and mixed polyanionic frameworks. Modification strategies are emphasized, including elemental doping, surface carbon coating, morphology control, and advanced electrode design, all intended to enhance electrochemical performance and address conductivity limitations. The review critically assesses the relationship among crystal structure, synthesis methodology, and sodium-ion diffusion kinetics. Future research directions are outlined, focusing on scalable synthesis, enhanced rate performance, and commercial viability, to provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation phosphate-based polyanionic cathodes for SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103218"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103216
Rui Xie , Zian Li , Yu-Lin Sun , Yongteng Qian , Yimei Chen , Linfeng Jin , Yong Hu
The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) represents an attractive route for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental nitrate pollution remediation. However, its practical application is plagued by inadequate efficiency and selectivity, stemming from a complex, multi-step reaction mechanism. Overcoming these hurdles requires advanced electrocatalyst design, wherein the hydrogen spillover effect emerges as a pivotal mechanism for modulating active sites and accelerating reaction kinetics. This review comprehensively delineates recent progress in hydrogen spillover-enhanced NRA catalysis. It critically examines innovative material design strategies, including single-atom catalysts, alloys, metal oxides, and heterostructures, for enhancing the ammonia yield and Faradaic efficiency. A dedicated focus is placed on advanced operando characterization techniques that enable the direct observation of hydrogen spillover and decipher its role in reaction mechanisms and intermediate evolution. Finally, the review outlines persistent challenges and proposes future directions for catalyst development and mechanistic studies.
{"title":"Leveraging hydrogen spillover for advanced electrocatalysts in nitrate-to-ammonia conversion","authors":"Rui Xie , Zian Li , Yu-Lin Sun , Yongteng Qian , Yimei Chen , Linfeng Jin , Yong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) represents an attractive route for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental nitrate pollution remediation. However, its practical application is plagued by inadequate efficiency and selectivity, stemming from a complex, multi-step reaction mechanism. Overcoming these hurdles requires advanced electrocatalyst design, wherein the hydrogen spillover effect emerges as a pivotal mechanism for modulating active sites and accelerating reaction kinetics. This review comprehensively delineates recent progress in hydrogen spillover-enhanced NRA catalysis. It critically examines innovative material design strategies, including single-atom catalysts, alloys, metal oxides, and heterostructures, for enhancing the ammonia yield and Faradaic efficiency. A dedicated focus is placed on advanced operando characterization techniques that enable the direct observation of hydrogen spillover and decipher its role in reaction mechanisms and intermediate evolution. Finally, the review outlines persistent challenges and proposes future directions for catalyst development and mechanistic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103192
Yuchen Zhou , Zhenjiang Yu , Baixue Ouyang , Yanle Yuan , Yang Wang , Feilong Qin , Chunwu Lei , Yaoyu Yang , Weifang Liu , Fanghua Ning , Kaiyu Liu , Tao Chen
High entropy layered oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their structural tunability and enhanced phase stability. However, a fundamental understanding of how configurational entropy influences the local electronic environment and structural robustness remains elusive. A novel high-configurational-entropy O3-type layered oxide, Na0.85Mn0.40Ni0.25Fe0.1Cu0.1Li0.05Ti0.05Sn0.05O2 (HE-NMNFCLTS), was designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. By tailoring the configurational entropy, the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) of HE-NMNFCLTS is significantly enhanced: multi-elemental co-doping induces local distortion of MnO6 octahedra, leading to in-creased t2g orbital splitting and a notable improvement in CFSE, thereby stabilizing the crystal structure. Multidimensional characterization reveals its uniform strain distribution, effectively suppressing lattice mismatch and cation migration during Na+ (de) intercalation. Furthermore, HE-NMNFCLTS delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 137.7 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C (2–4.2 V), with 79.5 mA h g−1 retained at 10 C and 80 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. First-principles calculations further re-veal the enhanced CFSE and a synergistic compensation effect that mitigates anisotropic strain in the TMO2 layers and narrows the bandgap to 0.189 eV, boosting both electronic and ionic conductivity. This work offers a new strategy for stabilizing layered oxide structures via entropy-driven CFSE modulation.
高熵层状氧化物由于其结构的可调性和相稳定性的增强而成为钠离子电池极具前景的正极材料。然而，构型熵如何影响局部电子环境和结构鲁棒性的基本理解仍然难以捉摸。设计并合成了一种新型的高配置熵o3型层状氧化物Na0.85Mn0.40Ni0.25Fe0.1Cu0.1Li0.05Ti0.05Sn0.05O2 (HE-NMNFCLTS)，是一种很有前途的钠离子电池正极材料。通过调整构型熵，HE-NMNFCLTS的晶体场稳定能（CFSE）显著提高：多元素共掺杂导致MnO6八面体局部畸变，导致t2g轨道分裂增加，CFSE显著提高，从而稳定了晶体结构。多维表征揭示了其均匀的应变分布，有效抑制了Na+ (de)插层过程中的晶格失配和阳离子迁移。此外，HE-NMNFCLTS在0.1 C （2-4.2 V）下提供了137.7 mA h g−1的高初始放电容量，在10 C下保持79.5 mA h g−1,1000次循环后保持80%的容量。第一线原理计算进一步揭示了增强的CFSE和协同补偿效应，减轻了TMO2层中的各向异性应变，并将带隙缩小到0.189 eV，从而提高了电子和离子电导率。这项工作提供了一种通过熵驱动CFSE调制来稳定层状氧化物结构的新策略。
{"title":"Tuning crystal field stabilization energy through configurational entropy design in high-entropy oxide sodium-ion battery cathodes","authors":"Yuchen Zhou , Zhenjiang Yu , Baixue Ouyang , Yanle Yuan , Yang Wang , Feilong Qin , Chunwu Lei , Yaoyu Yang , Weifang Liu , Fanghua Ning , Kaiyu Liu , Tao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy layered oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their structural tunability and enhanced phase stability. However, a fundamental understanding of how configurational entropy influences the local electronic environment and structural robustness remains elusive. A novel high-configurational-entropy O3-type layered oxide, Na<sub>0.85</sub>Mn<sub>0.40</sub>Ni<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.1</sub>Cu<sub>0.1</sub>Li<sub>0.05</sub>Ti<sub>0.05</sub>Sn<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (HE-NMNFCLTS), was designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. By tailoring the configurational entropy, the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) of HE-NMNFCLTS is significantly enhanced: multi-elemental co-doping induces local distortion of MnO<sub>6</sub> octahedra, leading to in-creased t<sub>2g</sub> orbital splitting and a notable improvement in CFSE, thereby stabilizing the crystal structure. Multidimensional characterization reveals its uniform strain distribution, effectively suppressing lattice mismatch and cation migration during Na<sup>+</sup> (de) intercalation. Furthermore, HE-NMNFCLTS delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 137.7 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C (2–4.2 V), with 79.5 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> retained at 10 C and 80 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. First-principles calculations further re-veal the enhanced CFSE and a synergistic compensation effect that mitigates anisotropic strain in the TMO<sub>2</sub> layers and narrows the bandgap to 0.189 eV, boosting both electronic and ionic conductivity. This work offers a new strategy for stabilizing layered oxide structures via entropy-driven CFSE modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103201
Yong Wang , Yu Li , Haijuan Pei , Zhongxiu Li , Yong Li , Wei Feng
To achieve high-energy–density polymer solid-state batteries, the compatibility of the solid electrolyte with the high-voltage cathode must be considered. Unfortunately, the oxidation stability of commercial solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) falls short of requirements, which is closely related to the structure of oxygen-containing functional groups. Research of highly oxidatively stable structural polymers is imminent. The features of oxidant resistance and poor lithium metal interface compatibility of the sulfone-based electrolyte have been widely discussed in liquid electrolytes, whereas in SPEs progress has been slow. Here, SPEs were designed by incorporating sulfone as oxygen-containing functional groups into their structure, and their performance in high-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) was investigated. The highly polar sulfone group endowed the electrolyte with excellent oxidation stability and an ability to restrict anion transport, achieving an electrochemical window of >5.9 V and Li+ transference number of >0.6. The electrochemical performance limitations of the sulfone electrolyte were addressed through plasticization, whereby methyl sulfonyl methane disrupted the interactions in polysulfone, causing the ionic conductivity to exceed 4.11 × 10−4 S cm−1. Furthermore, a polyether–polysulfone asymmetric double-layer polymer SPE was designed to maintain high-voltage stability and lithium metal interface stability. At ambient temperature, the SPE demonstrated high coulombic efficiency and cycle stability in LMBs using LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) and lithium-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathodes, and supported a charging cut-off voltage of 4.9 V. The electrolyte remained stable under high temperatures, high cathode mass loadings, and limited electrolyte usage and lithium sources, proving the potential application of sulfone-based electrolytes in high-voltage LMBs.
为了实现高能量密度聚合物固态电池，必须考虑固体电解质与高压阴极的相容性。商用固体聚合物电解质（spe）的氧化稳定性达不到要求，这与含氧官能团的结构密切相关。高氧化稳定性结构聚合物的研究迫在眉睫。砜基电解质的抗氧化性和锂金属界面相容性差的特点在液体电解质中得到了广泛的讨论，而在spe中进展缓慢。本文将砜作为含氧官能团加入到spe结构中，并对其在高压锂金属电池（lmb）中的性能进行了研究。高极性砜基团赋予电解质优异的氧化稳定性和限制阴离子传输的能力，实现了电化学窗口>；5.9 V和>；0.6的Li+转移数。通过塑化，甲基磺酰甲烷破坏了聚砜中的相互作用，使离子电导率超过4.11 × 10−4 S cm−1，解决了砜电解质的电化学性能限制。此外，设计了一种聚醚-聚砜不对称双层聚合物SPE，以保持高压稳定性和锂金属界面稳定性。在环境温度下，采用LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 （NCM90）和富锂锰氧化物（LRMO）阴极的SPE在lmb中表现出了较高的库仑效率和循环稳定性，并支持4.9 V的充电截止电压。该电解质在高温、高负极质量负载、有限的电解质使用和锂源条件下保持稳定，证明了砜基电解质在高压lmb中的潜在应用。
{"title":"Aliphatic side-chain-type polysulfone electrolyte modification and asymmetric double-layer structure design for high-voltage lithium metal batteries","authors":"Yong Wang , Yu Li , Haijuan Pei , Zhongxiu Li , Yong Li , Wei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve high-energy–density polymer solid-state batteries, the compatibility of the solid electrolyte with the high-voltage cathode must be considered. Unfortunately, the oxidation stability of commercial solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) falls short of requirements, which is closely related to the structure of oxygen-containing functional groups. Research of highly oxidatively stable structural polymers is imminent. The features of oxidant resistance and poor lithium metal interface compatibility of the sulfone-based electrolyte have been widely discussed in liquid electrolytes, whereas in SPEs progress has been slow. Here, SPEs were designed by incorporating sulfone as oxygen-containing functional groups into their structure, and their performance in high-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) was investigated. The highly polar sulfone group endowed the electrolyte with excellent oxidation stability and an ability to restrict anion transport, achieving an electrochemical window of >5.9 V and Li<sup>+</sup> transference number of >0.6. The electrochemical performance limitations of the sulfone electrolyte were addressed through plasticization, whereby methyl sulfonyl methane disrupted the interactions in polysulfone, causing the ionic conductivity to exceed 4.11 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, a polyether–polysulfone asymmetric double-layer polymer SPE was designed to maintain high-voltage stability and lithium metal interface stability. At ambient temperature, the SPE demonstrated high coulombic efficiency and cycle stability in LMBs using LiNi<sub>0.9</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM90) and lithium-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathodes, and supported a charging cut-off voltage of 4.9 V. The electrolyte remained stable under high temperatures, high cathode mass loadings, and limited electrolyte usage and lithium sources, proving the potential application of sulfone-based electrolytes in high-voltage LMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103201"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103203
Yijing Zhang , Guangkun Song , Gaoli Niu , Ruiyan Li , Xue Yuan , Nana Ran , Yulu Hu , Tianze Du , Yongsheng Chen , Yong Kang , Li Wang , Xiaoyuan Ji
The inherent wide bandgap of organic materials and the complex resistance environment within tumors could lead to suboptimal efficacy in photoimmunotherapy. Demountable quinoidal semiconductor nanobackpacks enable second near-infrared (NIR-II) phototherapy while alleviating thermoresistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The nanobackpack features a core of quinoidal acceptor–donor-acceptor (ADA) semiconductor molecule and calcium peroxide (CaO2)-based nanovesicles, loaded with capsaicin nanoparticles through a pH-responsive linker. The quinoidal structures introduction-induced bandgap narrowing enhances the NIR-II photothermal and photodynamic efficacy of the organic material, while CaO2 disrupts mitochondrial function to suppress adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, thereby alleviating heat shock proteins (HSPs)-mediated thermoresistance and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stabilization. Moreover, capsaicin works synergistically with immunogenic cell death (ICD) to enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Specifically, the acidic-triggered release of capsaicin nanoparticles activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels on sensory neurons. This activation further promotes DC maturation, leading to enhanced antigen presentation and T cell activation. Collectively, this multi-mechanistic approach of the nanobackpack triggers potent antitumor immunity, resulting in nearly complete tumor suppression. This work overcomes the inherent limitations of organic photosensitizers and multiple resistance mechanisms in immunotherapy, offering an effective NIR-II combinational photoimmunotherapy strategy for breast cancer.
{"title":"Demountable quinoidal semiconductor nanobackpacks modulate neuro-immune for amplifying second near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of breast cancer","authors":"Yijing Zhang , Guangkun Song , Gaoli Niu , Ruiyan Li , Xue Yuan , Nana Ran , Yulu Hu , Tianze Du , Yongsheng Chen , Yong Kang , Li Wang , Xiaoyuan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent wide bandgap of organic materials and the complex resistance environment within tumors could lead to suboptimal efficacy in photoimmunotherapy. Demountable quinoidal semiconductor nanobackpacks enable second near-infrared (NIR-II) phototherapy while alleviating thermoresistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The nanobackpack features a core of quinoidal acceptor–donor-acceptor (ADA) semiconductor molecule and calcium peroxide (CaO<sub>2</sub>)-based nanovesicles, loaded with capsaicin nanoparticles through a pH-responsive linker. The quinoidal structures introduction-induced bandgap narrowing enhances the NIR-II photothermal and photodynamic efficacy of the organic material, while CaO<sub>2</sub> disrupts mitochondrial function to suppress adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, thereby alleviating heat shock proteins (HSPs)-mediated thermoresistance and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stabilization. Moreover, capsaicin works synergistically with immunogenic cell death (ICD) to enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Specifically, the acidic-triggered release of capsaicin nanoparticles activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels on sensory neurons. This activation further promotes DC maturation, leading to enhanced antigen presentation and T cell activation. Collectively, this multi-mechanistic approach of the nanobackpack triggers potent antitumor immunity, resulting in nearly complete tumor suppression. This work overcomes the inherent limitations of organic photosensitizers and multiple resistance mechanisms in immunotherapy, offering an effective NIR-II combinational photoimmunotherapy strategy for breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103203"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.031
So Mang Park , Jihun Kim , Ye-Seo Lee, Eui Dae Jung, Chang-Shin Park, Ji-Yoon Chae, Bo Ram Lee, Han-Ki Kim
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation full-color and ultrahigh-definition displays and lighting technologies owing to their outstanding color purity and solution processability. Despite its excellent conductivity and transparency, indium tin oxide (ITO), a conventional transparent conductive electrode (TCE), has poor chemical stability against acidic PEDOT:PSS, hindering the advancement of PeLED performance and long-term stability. In this study, we demonstrate sputtered N-doped SnO2 (NTO) thin films as chemically durable and cost-effective alternatives to ITO for PeLEDs. The optimized NTO electrode achieves a low sheet resistance of 37.37 Ω sq−1, an average visible transmittance of 81.74 %, an ultrasmooth surface (root mean square roughness of 1.2 nm), and a suitable work function of 4.51 eV, supporting efficient device operation. N incorporation enhances electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and energy-level alignment by introducing oxygen vacancies and forming Sn–N bonds. Green-emitting PeLEDs based on 2.73 at.% NTO electrodes demonstrate a peak external quantum efficiency of 20.82 % at 514 nm, a luminance of 5323.8 cd m−2, and more than double the operational stability compared to their ITO-based counterparts. These results highlight the potential of NTO as an indium-free, chemically robust, cost-effective, and scalable transparent electrode for high-performance, sustainable PeLED applications.
钙钛矿发光二极管（PeLEDs）由于其出色的色彩纯度和溶液可加工性，已成为下一代全彩和超高清显示和照明技术的有希望的候选者。传统透明导电电极（TCE）的氧化铟锡（ITO）虽然具有优异的导电性和透明性，但其对酸性PEDOT:PSS的化学稳定性较差，阻碍了PeLED性能的提高和长期稳定性。在这项研究中，我们证明了溅射n掺杂SnO2 （NTO）薄膜是化学上耐用且具有成本效益的ITO替代品。优化后的NTO电极的片电阻为37.37 Ω sq−1，平均可见光透过率为81.74%，表面超光滑（均方根粗糙度为1.2 nm），功函数为4.51 eV，支持高效的器件工作。N的加入通过引入氧空位和形成Sn-N键来增强电导率、化学稳定性和能级排列。基于2.73 at的绿色发光二极管。NTO电极在514 nm处的峰值外量子效率为20.82%，亮度为5323.8 cd m−2，与基于ito的电极相比，其工作稳定性提高了一倍以上。这些结果突出了NTO作为一种无铟、化学稳定、经济高效、可扩展的透明电极的潜力，可用于高性能、可持续的PeLED应用。
{"title":"Chemically durable and cost-efficient N-doped SnO2 transparent electrodes for Full-color perovskite light-emitting diodes","authors":"So Mang Park , Jihun Kim , Ye-Seo Lee, Eui Dae Jung, Chang-Shin Park, Ji-Yoon Chae, Bo Ram Lee, Han-Ki Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation full-color and ultrahigh-definition displays and lighting technologies owing to their outstanding color purity and solution processability. Despite its excellent conductivity and transparency, indium tin oxide (ITO), a conventional transparent conductive electrode (TCE), has poor chemical stability against acidic PEDOT:PSS, hindering the advancement of PeLED performance and long-term stability. In this study, we demonstrate sputtered N-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> (NTO) thin films as chemically durable and cost-effective alternatives to ITO for PeLEDs. The optimized NTO electrode achieves a low sheet resistance of 37.37 Ω sq<sup>−1</sup>, an average visible transmittance of 81.74 %, an ultrasmooth surface (root mean square roughness of 1.2 nm), and a suitable work function of 4.51 eV, supporting efficient device operation. N incorporation enhances electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and energy-level alignment by introducing oxygen vacancies and forming Sn–N bonds. Green-emitting PeLEDs based on 2.73 at.% NTO electrodes demonstrate a peak external quantum efficiency of 20.82 % at 514 nm, a luminance of 5323.8 cd m<sup>−2</sup>, and more than double the operational stability compared to their ITO-based counterparts. These results highlight the potential of NTO as an indium-free, chemically robust, cost-effective, and scalable transparent electrode for high-performance, sustainable PeLED applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103173"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103198
Xiaochan Li , Boon Chin Heng , Huajie Yu , Mu Yuan , Yunyang Bai , Ke Wu , Xuliang Deng , Xuehui Zhang
Directing neuronal differentiation is crucial for promoting neuroregeneration. However, the relatively low neurogenic potential of adult stem cells poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we found that continuous activation of the FAK-YAP mechanotransduction signaling by a charged substrate was not conducive to neuronal differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) but instead promoted divergent lineage fates. Inhibiting YAP translocation into the cell nuclei with specific small molecule inhibitors prevents initiation of divergent lineage fate such as osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This is achieved via increased binding of accumulated cytoplasmic p-YAP to the β-catenin degradation complex, which in turn sustains and enhances charged substrate-induced neuronal differentiation efficiency through increased degradation of β-catenin. Pre-clinical evaluation by implanting SHED with the charged membrane and YAP inhibitor in a rat sciatic nerve injury model demonstrated significantly enhanced nerve regeneration and improved recovery of sciatic nerve function. Hence, our study devised a strategy of inhibiting FAK-YAP signaling as a synergistic therapeutic target for promoting charged membrane-induced neuroregeneration.
{"title":"Electroactive stimulation coupled with mechanotransduction inhibition enhance neuroregeneration","authors":"Xiaochan Li , Boon Chin Heng , Huajie Yu , Mu Yuan , Yunyang Bai , Ke Wu , Xuliang Deng , Xuehui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directing neuronal differentiation is crucial for promoting neuroregeneration. However, the relatively low neurogenic potential of adult stem cells poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we found that continuous activation of the FAK-YAP mechanotransduction signaling by a charged substrate was not conducive to neuronal differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) but instead promoted divergent lineage fates. Inhibiting YAP translocation into the cell nuclei with specific small molecule inhibitors prevents initiation of divergent lineage fate such as osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This is achieved via increased binding of accumulated cytoplasmic p-YAP to the β-catenin degradation complex, which in turn sustains and enhances charged substrate-induced neuronal differentiation efficiency through increased degradation of β-catenin. Pre-clinical evaluation by implanting SHED with the charged membrane and YAP inhibitor in a rat sciatic nerve injury model demonstrated significantly enhanced nerve regeneration and improved recovery of sciatic nerve function. Hence, our study devised a strategy of inhibiting FAK-YAP signaling as a synergistic therapeutic target for promoting charged membrane-induced neuroregeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103222
Ke-Qiang Shi , Cheng-Chao Jin , Dai-Ming Liu , Yu-Xing Cai , Zhi-Yu Gui , Jia-Hao Sun , Lan Li , Zhi Chen , Qiong Wu
Piezocatalysis is a promising green technology that utilizes mechanical energies to generate piezoelectric polarization, driving efficient charge separation for sustainable energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, many piezoelectric materials exhibit limited piezocatalytic activity, especially under weak environmental mechanical energy stimuli, such as water flow and noise, which severely hinders their practical applications. Strain engineering has emerged as a holistic strategy to overcome these bottlenecks by precisely modulating the crystal lattice and electronic structures of piezoelectric materials. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the pivotal role of lattice strain in piezocatalysis, aiming to guide the rational design of high-performance piezocatalysts. First, we introduce the fundamental principle of piezocatalysis. Next, we examine the synthetic methods for introducing strain into piezoelectric nanocrystals and advanced techniques for characterizing strain. Then, we explore the mechanisms underlying strain-enhanced piezocatalytic performance, focusing on the effects of strain on the piezoelectric response, charge carrier dynamics, and surface reactions. Subsequently, we highlight the latest advancements in the applications of strain engineering in piezocatalysis. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future directions in strain-mediated piezocatalysis, offering valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance piezocatalysts.
{"title":"Strain engineering in piezocatalysis: From microscopic atomic modulation to macroscopic applications","authors":"Ke-Qiang Shi , Cheng-Chao Jin , Dai-Ming Liu , Yu-Xing Cai , Zhi-Yu Gui , Jia-Hao Sun , Lan Li , Zhi Chen , Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezocatalysis is a promising green technology that utilizes mechanical energies to generate piezoelectric polarization, driving efficient charge separation for sustainable energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, many piezoelectric materials exhibit limited piezocatalytic activity, especially under weak environmental mechanical energy stimuli, such as water flow and noise, which severely hinders their practical applications. Strain engineering has emerged as a holistic strategy to overcome these bottlenecks by precisely modulating the crystal lattice and electronic structures of piezoelectric materials. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the pivotal role of lattice strain in piezocatalysis, aiming to guide the rational design of high-performance piezocatalysts. First, we introduce the fundamental principle of piezocatalysis. Next, we examine the synthetic methods for introducing strain into piezoelectric nanocrystals and advanced techniques for characterizing strain. Then, we explore the mechanisms underlying strain-enhanced piezocatalytic performance, focusing on the effects of strain on the piezoelectric response, charge carrier dynamics, and surface reactions. Subsequently, we highlight the latest advancements in the applications of strain engineering in piezocatalysis. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future directions in strain-mediated piezocatalysis, offering valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance piezocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 103222"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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