Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.001
Hao Yi , Yunhang Liu , Huajun Cao , Jun Luo , Xianshan Dong , Jia An , Chee Kai Chua
Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) is an emerging non-contact, high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that holds great promise for addressing diverse and complex manufacturing demands. However, inherent trade-offs persist among its core capabilities—flexibility, resolution, and throughput—while further progress is hindered by insufficient collaboration between ink formulation and process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent progress in both AJP-compatible material innovations and critical process advancements. From a global perspective, we systematically explore material-process integrated innovation pathways aimed at achieving synergistic improvements in performance. In addition, representative applications of AJP are summarized across domains such as printed electronics, flexible sensors, energy storage and harvesting devices, and bioelectronics. Looking ahead, AJP is expected to spearhead the next-generation of advanced manufacturing technologies, playing a pivotal role in the convergence of flexible and intelligent production systems.
{"title":"Material and process integrated innovations in Aerosol Jet Printing: A review","authors":"Hao Yi , Yunhang Liu , Huajun Cao , Jun Luo , Xianshan Dong , Jia An , Chee Kai Chua","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) is an emerging non-contact, high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that holds great promise for addressing diverse and complex manufacturing demands. However, inherent trade-offs persist among its core capabilities—flexibility, resolution, and throughput—while further progress is hindered by insufficient collaboration between ink formulation and process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent progress in both AJP-compatible material innovations and critical process advancements. From a global perspective, we systematically explore material-process integrated innovation pathways aimed at achieving synergistic improvements in performance. In addition, representative applications of AJP are summarized across domains such as printed electronics, flexible sensors, energy storage and harvesting devices, and bioelectronics. Looking ahead, AJP is expected to spearhead the next-generation of advanced manufacturing technologies, playing a pivotal role in the convergence of flexible and intelligent production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 431-458"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.019
Chaojie Li , Gaochao Liu , Hao Wang , Yuzheng Wang , Zhiguo Xia
Broadband near-infrared (NIR) lighting sources covering NIR-II regions (900–1700 nm) serve as a key support for driving imaging and detection scenarios forward, particularly involving strongly scattering media such as smog environments. Herein, MgGa2O4:Cr3+, Ni2+ translucent ceramics were fabricated and the as-prepared ceramic achieves broadband NIR-II emission centered at 1280 nm under 405 nm excitation, featuring an excellent external quantum efficiency of 81.4 % enabled by efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+ ions. The as-fabricated dynamic laser-driven NIR-II light source provides a watt-level broadband output exceeding 1.86 W when excited by an 18 W/mm2 laser. By combining the fabricated device with the image algorithm based on a guided filtering network to optimize imaging results, the accurate target imaging and recognition are achieved in high-concentration smog environments. This study not only lays a foundation for the development of translucent ceramics with NIR-II emissions but also offers critical support for the application of NIR-II light sources integrated with image processing algorithms in strongly scattering media imaging detection.
{"title":"Laser-driven spinel-type ceramics enabling NIR-II light sources for penetration optical imaging assisted by a guided filter network algorithm","authors":"Chaojie Li , Gaochao Liu , Hao Wang , Yuzheng Wang , Zhiguo Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broadband near-infrared (NIR) lighting sources covering NIR-II regions (900–1700 nm) serve as a key support for driving imaging and detection scenarios forward, particularly involving strongly scattering media such as smog environments. Herein, MgGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> translucent ceramics were fabricated and the as-prepared ceramic achieves broadband NIR-II emission centered at 1280 nm under 405 nm excitation, featuring an excellent external quantum efficiency of 81.4 % enabled by efficient energy transfer from Cr<sup>3+</sup> to Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions. The as-fabricated dynamic laser-driven NIR-II light source provides a watt-level broadband output exceeding 1.86 W when excited by an 18 W/mm<sup>2</sup> laser. By combining the fabricated device with the image algorithm based on a guided filtering network to optimize imaging results, the accurate target imaging and recognition are achieved in high-concentration smog environments. This study not only lays a foundation for the development of translucent ceramics with NIR-II emissions but also offers critical support for the application of NIR-II light sources integrated with image processing algorithms in strongly scattering media imaging detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 196-203"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.011
Wenhe Jiang , Zhongwen Sun , Ruitong Wang , Xiaozhu Zhao , Xianshu Zhou , Yanlin Wei , Chaowen Shen , Yongsheng Fang , Li Niu , Xinling Deng , Xinai Guo , Hongtao Bian , Hua Xu , Pujun Jin , Hui Yang , Kaiqiang Liu , Yu Fang
Redefining interfacial adhesion under harsh environmental conditions is crucial for the restoration of cultural heritage materials. In this work, we designed and synthesised a novel class of linear ionic polyurethanes (LIPUs) by incorporating ionic liquid segments into the polyurethane backbone. This approach enhances their wetting properties on various materials while maintaining cohesive strength through urethane bonds. Using a supramolecular combinatorial strategy that integrates multiple components, we precisely modulate intermolecular interactions—such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, cation-π and electrostatic forces—between the LIPUs and functional additives, effectively addressing key challenges in interfacial adhesion. This combination significantly increases adhesion strength from 12.00 MPa for pure LIPUs to 26.00 MPa for the composites exhibiting exceptional stability in environments such as water, organic solvents and liquid nitrogen (adhesion maintained between 11.43 and 23.46 MPa). These advancements outperform pure LIPUs (0–4.97 MPa) and previously reported supramolecular adhesives. Furthermore, this adhesive system demonstrates remarkable potential for repairing cultural heritage artifacts, including paper, mud maid sculptures, ceramics and jade stones, providing a robust and versatile foundation for the next generation of adhesive designs in cultural heritage conservation.
{"title":"Redefining interfacial adhesion of linear ionic polyurethanes through supramolecular combinatorial strategy for the restoration of cultural heritage materials","authors":"Wenhe Jiang , Zhongwen Sun , Ruitong Wang , Xiaozhu Zhao , Xianshu Zhou , Yanlin Wei , Chaowen Shen , Yongsheng Fang , Li Niu , Xinling Deng , Xinai Guo , Hongtao Bian , Hua Xu , Pujun Jin , Hui Yang , Kaiqiang Liu , Yu Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Redefining interfacial adhesion under harsh environmental conditions is crucial for the restoration of cultural heritage materials. In this work, we designed and synthesised a novel class of linear ionic polyurethanes (LIPUs) by incorporating ionic liquid segments into the polyurethane backbone. This approach enhances their wetting properties on various materials while maintaining cohesive strength through urethane bonds. Using a supramolecular combinatorial strategy that integrates multiple components, we precisely modulate intermolecular interactions—such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, cation-π and electrostatic forces—between the LIPUs and functional additives, effectively addressing key challenges in interfacial adhesion. This combination significantly increases adhesion strength from 12.00 MPa for pure LIPUs to 26.00 MPa for the composites exhibiting exceptional stability in environments such as water, organic solvents and liquid nitrogen (adhesion maintained between 11.43 and 23.46 MPa). These advancements outperform pure LIPUs (0–4.97 MPa) and previously reported supramolecular adhesives. Furthermore, this adhesive system demonstrates remarkable potential for repairing cultural heritage artifacts, including paper, mud maid sculptures, ceramics and jade stones, providing a robust and versatile foundation for the next generation of adhesive designs in cultural heritage conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 271-285"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.010
Xiaodan Guo , Yu Zhong , Qing Sui , Chunhong Gong , Cuiping Zhai , Baoshun Liu , Neng Li , Guofa Cai
Energy-efficient buildings that optimize indoor and outdoor heat exchange, thereby reducing energy consumption have become a crucial solution for sustainable development. Among the primary heat exchange mechanisms between buildings and their surroundings, the propagation of thermal radiation is independent of the medium. The unique characteristic enables the effective regulation of indoor temperatures by modulating the photothermal properties of materials using the solar heat source and the outer space cold source. However, thermal radiation is influenced by many dynamic factors, posing significant challenges to material and device design. In response to this complex dynamic behavior, a series of photothermal modulation devices has been explored to achieve dynamic photothermal modulation, offering significant potential for improving energy efficiency in buildings. Here, we review recent advances in photothermal modulation technologies for key building components—windows, roofs, and walls—which play pivotal roles in regulating radiative heat exchange. We focus on the design principles, performance optimization strategies, latest advancements, and energy-saving effects of various device structures with photothermal modulation properties. The primary focus is on Fabry–Pérot (F-P) resonant cavity, thermochromic hydrogels, electrochromic devices, and mechanical flip devices. Notable achievements include thermochromic materials achieving excellent energy savings up to 200 MJ/m2, electrochromic devices achieving optical modulation over 70 % in the visible spectrum, radiative cooling materials exhibiting high solar reflectance (>95 %) and mid-infrared emissivity (>0.9), as well as dynamic mechanical responsive systems displaying significant emissivity modulation up to 0.8. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities in photothermal modulation technology, offering insights into its transformative role in achieving sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. We believe this review will inspire further innovation and practical applications in the pursuit of sustainable energy-efficient building solutions.
{"title":"Dynamic photothermal modulation in energy-efficient buildings","authors":"Xiaodan Guo , Yu Zhong , Qing Sui , Chunhong Gong , Cuiping Zhai , Baoshun Liu , Neng Li , Guofa Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-efficient buildings that optimize indoor and outdoor heat exchange, thereby reducing energy consumption have become a crucial solution for sustainable development. Among the primary heat exchange mechanisms between buildings and their surroundings, the propagation of thermal radiation is independent of the medium. The unique characteristic enables the effective regulation of indoor temperatures by modulating the photothermal properties of materials using the solar heat source and the outer space cold source. However, thermal radiation is influenced by many dynamic factors, posing significant challenges to material and device design. In response to this complex dynamic behavior, a series of photothermal modulation devices has been explored to achieve dynamic photothermal modulation, offering significant potential for improving energy efficiency in buildings. Here, we review recent advances in photothermal modulation technologies for key building components—windows, roofs, and walls—which play pivotal roles in regulating radiative heat exchange. We focus on the design principles, performance optimization strategies, latest advancements, and energy-saving effects of various device structures with photothermal modulation properties. The primary focus is on Fabry–Pérot (F-P) resonant cavity, thermochromic hydrogels, electrochromic devices, and mechanical flip devices<em>.</em> Notable achievements include thermochromic materials achieving excellent energy savings up to 200 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, electrochromic devices achieving optical modulation over 70 % in the visible spectrum, radiative cooling materials exhibiting high solar reflectance (>95 %) and mid-infrared emissivity (>0.9), as well as dynamic mechanical responsive systems displaying significant emissivity modulation up to 0.8. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities in photothermal modulation technology, offering insights into its transformative role in achieving sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. We believe this review will inspire further innovation and practical applications in the pursuit of sustainable energy-efficient building solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 84-102"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.005
Haoyuan Li , Yuebao Zhang , Yichen Zhong , Kaiyuan Guo , Shi Du , Yonger Xue , Chang Wang , Siyu Wang , Dean Shuailin Chen , Zhengwei Liu , Dinglingge Cao , Meng Tian , Changyue Yu , Diana D. Kang , Xucheng Hou , Binbin Deng , David W. McComb , Santhosh Kumar Thatikonda , Chun-Wan Yen , Yizhou Dong
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that results in severe disability and imposes a high social and economic burden. Effective recovery from SCI requires comprehensive neural repair strategies, including neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Inspired by the structure of phospholipids in nature, we developed a library of biomimetic ionizable lipids, containing aminophosphate, aminophosphoramidate, or aminophosphonate groups (AP lipids). Then, we formulated these AP lipids into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and examined their mRNA delivery efficiency in neurons and astrocytes. Among these AP LNPs, AP60 LNP showed superior delivery efficiency compared to FDA approved D-Lin-MC3-DMA (MC3) LNP. To achieve longer protein expression, the circular RNA was used in LNPs. Additionally, we developed a two-step method for circular RNA production, providing a simple yet highly efficient approach. By combining these innovations, a circular RNA loaded aminophosphonate-derived lipids nanoparticles delivery system (CROSS) was constructed. To explore a therapeutic regimen, CROSS-loaded with circular Sox2, Ascl1, and GDNF RNAs were administered locally and intravenously in SCI model, which led to the restoration of bladder function and significant motor function recovery. In summary, the CROSS platform provided a novel and effective strategy for treating SCI.
{"title":"Aminophosphonate-Derived lipid nanoparticles enable circular RNA delivery for functional recovery after spinal cord injury","authors":"Haoyuan Li , Yuebao Zhang , Yichen Zhong , Kaiyuan Guo , Shi Du , Yonger Xue , Chang Wang , Siyu Wang , Dean Shuailin Chen , Zhengwei Liu , Dinglingge Cao , Meng Tian , Changyue Yu , Diana D. Kang , Xucheng Hou , Binbin Deng , David W. McComb , Santhosh Kumar Thatikonda , Chun-Wan Yen , Yizhou Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that results in severe disability and imposes a high social and economic burden. Effective recovery from SCI requires comprehensive neural repair strategies, including neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Inspired by the structure of phospholipids in nature, we developed a library of biomimetic ionizable lipids, containing aminophosphate, aminophosphoramidate, or aminophosphonate groups (AP lipids). Then, we formulated these AP lipids into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and examined their mRNA delivery efficiency in neurons and astrocytes. Among these AP LNPs, AP60 LNP showed superior delivery efficiency compared to FDA approved D-Lin-MC3-DMA (MC3) LNP. To achieve longer protein expression, the circular RNA was used in LNPs. Additionally, we developed a two-step method for circular RNA production, providing a simple yet highly efficient approach. By combining these innovations, a <u>c</u>ircular <u>R</u>NA loaded amin<u>o</u>phosphonate-derived lipids nanoparticles delivery <u>s</u>y<u>s</u>tem (CROSS) was constructed. To explore a therapeutic regimen, CROSS-loaded with circular Sox2, Ascl1, and GDNF RNAs were administered locally and intravenously in SCI model, which led to the restoration of bladder function and significant motor function recovery. In summary, the CROSS platform provided a novel and effective strategy for treating SCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.014
Xiaobin Feng , Min Huang , Bo Duan , Luoqi Wu , Zhongtao Lu , Xiege Huang , Yixuan Ding , Pengcheng Zhai , Guodong Li , Qingjie Zhang
The advancement of semiconductor devices intensively requires that inorganic semiconductor components exhibit both high strength and ductility to ensure machinability and reliability without physical damage. However, inorganic semiconductors are often intrinsically brittle and/or lack sufficient strength at room temperature. In this work, optoelectronic semiconducting CdTe nanopillars are found to exhibit an ultimate strength exceeding 4 GPa and an unprecedented compressive strain of 80% without shear or crack formation at ambient temperature, surpassing the performance of state-of-the-art ceramics, semiconductors, and even metals. Full dislocations nucleate at the free surface and dynamically interact with the interlocking of restored high-density stacking faults, enabling strain delocalization and extensive strain hardening. A combined γc/(γusE) and γs/(G|b|) criterion is proposed to prescreen deformable inorganic semiconductors. This work not only provides insights into the metal-like optoelectronic semiconductors with superior strength-ductility synergy, but also establishes a framework that accounts for delocalized strain in screening next-generation inorganic semiconductors suitable for robust and flexible semiconductor devices.
{"title":"Achieving high strength and ductility in optoelectronic semiconductor","authors":"Xiaobin Feng , Min Huang , Bo Duan , Luoqi Wu , Zhongtao Lu , Xiege Huang , Yixuan Ding , Pengcheng Zhai , Guodong Li , Qingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of semiconductor devices intensively requires that inorganic semiconductor components exhibit both high strength and ductility to ensure machinability and reliability without physical damage. However, inorganic semiconductors are often intrinsically brittle and/or lack sufficient strength at room temperature. In this work, optoelectronic semiconducting CdTe nanopillars are found to exhibit an ultimate strength exceeding 4 GPa and an unprecedented compressive strain of 80% without shear or crack formation at ambient temperature, surpassing the performance of state-of-the-art ceramics, semiconductors, and even metals. Full dislocations nucleate at the free surface and dynamically interact with the interlocking of restored high-density stacking faults, enabling strain delocalization and extensive strain hardening. A combined <em>γ</em><sub>c</sub>/(<em>γ</em><sub>us</sub><em>E</em>) and <em>γ</em><sub>s</sub>/(<em>G</em>|<em>b</em>|) criterion is proposed to prescreen deformable inorganic semiconductors. This work not only provides insights into the metal-like optoelectronic semiconductors with superior strength-ductility synergy, but also establishes a framework that accounts for delocalized strain in screening next-generation inorganic semiconductors suitable for robust and flexible semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To meet increasing energy density demands, anode materials require progressive development toward lithium metal systems. The practical realization of high-energy–density necessitates strategic pairing of lithium metal anodes with high-performance cathodes. This review comprehensively evaluates the theoretical principles of the energy density design paradigm of the specific-capacity, working voltage, and the active material proportion. Materials innovations spanning oxide, organic, conversion-type, and sulfur cathodes are charting the development roadmap for high-energy–density through specific-capacity enhancements. In addition, strategies such as elevating operational voltage, optimizing cathode loading, and implementing anode-free design have been deeply analyzed to further increase the energy density. These advancements fundamentally compromise cycling lifespan and safety metrics. Hence, a systematic deconstruction of optimization protocols spanning high-capacity cathodes, electrolytes, and advanced anodes are presented. Furthermore, by evaluating ampere-hour-level pouch-cells demonstrating > 350 Wh kg−1 energy density in reported prototypes, novel insights are provided to accelerate the translation of lithium metal battery technologies from laboratory innovation to industrial implementation.
为了满足不断增长的能量密度需求，负极材料需要逐步向锂金属系统发展。高能量密度的实际实现需要锂金属阳极与高性能阴极的战略配对。本文综合评价了比容、工作电压和活性物质比例的能量密度设计范式的理论原理。跨越氧化物、有机、转换型和硫阴极的材料创新正在通过比容量增强绘制高能量密度的发展路线图。此外，深入分析了提高工作电压、优化阴极负载和实施无阳极设计等策略，以进一步提高能量密度。这些进步从根本上损害了自行车的使用寿命和安全指标。因此，一个系统的解构优化协议跨越高容量阴极，电解质，和先进的阳极提出。此外，通过评估安培小时级的袋状电池，在报告的原型中展示了>； 350 Wh kg - 1能量密度，提供了新的见解，以加速锂金属电池技术从实验室创新到工业实施的转化。
{"title":"From materials innovation to system engineering: A roadmap for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries","authors":"Nai-Lu Shen , Dian Zhang , Jia-Xin Guo , Feng Jiang , Xin Shen , Zhi Zhu , Xin-Bing Cheng , Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet increasing energy density demands, anode materials require progressive development toward lithium metal systems. The practical realization of high-energy–density necessitates strategic pairing of lithium metal anodes with high-performance cathodes. This review comprehensively evaluates the theoretical principles of the energy density design paradigm of the specific-capacity, working voltage, and the active material proportion. Materials innovations spanning oxide, organic, conversion-type, and sulfur cathodes are charting the development roadmap for high-energy–density through specific-capacity enhancements. In addition, strategies such as elevating operational voltage, optimizing cathode loading, and implementing anode-free design have been deeply analyzed to further increase the energy density. These advancements fundamentally compromise cycling lifespan and safety metrics. Hence, a systematic deconstruction of optimization protocols spanning high-capacity cathodes, electrolytes, and advanced anodes are presented. Furthermore, by evaluating ampere-hour-level pouch-cells demonstrating > 350 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> energy density in reported prototypes, novel insights are provided to accelerate the translation of lithium metal battery technologies from laboratory innovation to industrial implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 321-344"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.020
Yuda Su , Chao Zhang , Chengyi Song , Yue Xu , Chen Zhang , Wenkui Xing , Wenpei Gao , Mingjiang Jin , Peng Tao , Wen Shang , Benwei Fu , Xin Qian , Tianru Wu , Tao Deng
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) composites, with unique properties and fluidity, hold great potential for advanced technological applications. The conventional approach to prepare gallium-based LM composites relies on the physical direct mixing of fillers under oxygen atmosphere. However, the formation of air gaps, gallium oxide or gallium-based intermetallic compounds would severely reduce the overall thermal/electrical performance. In this work, we have developed a chemical method to employ gallium-based binary alloy as catalyst for the in-situ synthesis of graphene sheets in the gallium-based LM via a CO2 bubbling-chemical vapor deposition method. The graphene sheets serve as both highly thermally conductive filler and protective layers that inhibit gallium alloying, resulting in a gallium-based LM composite with maximum thermal conductivity of up to 89.0 W m−1 K−1 while maintaining stable rheological property over a long period of time. Furthermore, we also theoretically studied the CO2 reduction and thermal transport mechanisms responsible for the enhanced thermal conductivity of LM composite.
镓基液态金属（LM）复合材料具有独特的性能和流动性，具有很大的先进技术应用潜力。制备镓基LM复合材料的传统方法依赖于填料在氧气氛下的物理直接混合。然而，气隙、氧化镓或镓基金属间化合物的形成将严重降低整体热电性能。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种化学方法，利用镓基二元合金作为催化剂，通过CO2起泡-化学气相沉积法在镓基LM中原位合成石墨烯片。石墨烯片既可以作为高导热填料，又可以作为抑制镓合金化的保护层，从而使镓基LM复合材料的最大导热系数高达89.0 W m−1 K−1，同时在很长一段时间内保持稳定的流变性能。此外，我们还从理论上研究了LM复合材料导热性增强的CO2还原和热传递机制。
{"title":"Synthesis of high-thermal-performance liquid metal composites via in-situ solid-liquid-gas catalytic reaction","authors":"Yuda Su , Chao Zhang , Chengyi Song , Yue Xu , Chen Zhang , Wenkui Xing , Wenpei Gao , Mingjiang Jin , Peng Tao , Wen Shang , Benwei Fu , Xin Qian , Tianru Wu , Tao Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) composites, with unique properties and fluidity, hold great potential for advanced technological applications. The conventional approach to prepare gallium-based LM composites relies on the physical direct mixing of fillers under oxygen atmosphere. However, the formation of air gaps, gallium oxide or gallium-based intermetallic compounds would severely reduce the overall thermal/electrical performance. In this work, we have developed a chemical method to employ gallium-based binary alloy as catalyst for the in-situ synthesis of graphene sheets in the gallium-based LM via a CO<sub>2</sub> bubbling-chemical vapor deposition method. The graphene sheets serve as both highly thermally conductive filler and protective layers that inhibit gallium alloying, resulting in a gallium-based LM composite with maximum thermal conductivity of up to 89.0 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> while maintaining stable rheological property over a long period of time. Furthermore, we also theoretically studied the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and thermal transport mechanisms responsible for the enhanced thermal conductivity of LM composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.10.015
Qingjin Fu , Yinna Liu , Xinru Wu , Haotian Qu , Shangqi Zhang , Huang Chen , Xiao Xiao , Wei Zhang , Zhexuan Liu , Xuan Zhang , Xiongwei Zhong , Guangmin Zhou
Alkaline zinc batteries persistently encounter unstable solid-electrolyte interphase, particularly under a high current density, drastically compromising reversibility and cyclability. Inspired by the biological skin, we in-situ engineer a self-assembling anisotropic crystalline interphase via the covalent ring-opening-polymerization reaction of potassium lipoate, as protective Zn-electrode skins (ZESs). The robust bilayer ZESs feature a S-rich hydrophobic inner layer and a COO−-rich zincophilic outer layer that effectively shield H2O and OH−, respectively, delivering substantially improved stability of Zn-metal electrodes over 2000 h with cumulative capacity of 10 Ah cm−2 and unprecedented reversibility of 99.5% on Cu substrate. Also, we demonstrate its directionally ordered channels in enabling a lower Zn2+ desolvation barrier and faster Zn2+ diffusion capability through the inner Helmholtz plane compared with the regular passivation layer. Consequently, the ZESs significantly enhance the lifespan of Zn-air battery, enabling 2200 h longevity at 10 mA cm−2, and 145 h even at 100 mA cm−2. Practical 4.5 Ah-level Zn-air batteries are integrated with photovoltaic packs, demonstrating large-scale renewable energy storage capabilities.
碱性锌电池经常遇到不稳定的固体-电解质间相，特别是在高电流密度下，极大地损害了可逆性和可循环性。受生物皮肤的启发，我们通过脂酸钾的共价开环聚合反应，原位设计了一种自组装的各向异性晶体间相，作为保护性的锌电极皮肤（ZESs）。坚固的双层ZESs具有富含s的疏水内层和富含COO−的亲锌外层，分别有效地屏蔽H2O和OH−，大大提高了锌金属电极在2000 h内的稳定性，累积容量为10 Ah cm−2，在Cu衬底上的可逆性达到了前所未有的99.5%。此外，我们还证明了与常规钝化层相比，它的定向有序通道使Zn2+在更低的脱溶势阱和更快的Zn2+扩散能力通过内层亥姆霍兹面。因此，ZESs显著提高了锌空气电池的寿命，在10 mA cm - 2下寿命可达2200 h，在100 mA cm - 2下寿命可达145 h。实用的4.5 ah级锌空气电池与光伏电池组集成，展示了大规模可再生能源存储能力。
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Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.016
Lianzhan Huang , Yuanlong Wu , Minjian Li , Binwen Zeng , Jinhui Liang , Xin Song , Kexin Su , Piao Luo , Huiyu Song , Zhiming Cui
Fluorinated polyester electrolytes have been recognized as promising candidates for solid-state Li metal batteries owing to their exceptional oxidative stability. However, traditional fluorinated polyester electrolytes still encounter poor SEI chemistry and slow bulk Li+ conduction. Herein, by tuning the trifluoromethyl of poly-(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFMA) to trifluoromethylsulfonamido of poly-(2-(Trifluoromethylsulfonamido)ethyl methacrylate) (PTFSMA), a side-chain engineering of fluorinated polyesters is proposed to achieve the integration of Li metal compatibility and fast Li+ transportation. Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) calculations revealed that the easily cleaved C-S bond of PTFSMA accelerates the formation of LiF and Li2S enriched SEI to suppress further interfacial degradation while guaranteeing unobstructed Li+ diffusion. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations identified the coupling effect between S=O and −CF3 significantly enhances the Li+ solvation ability of the fluorine atom, endowing high Li+ conductivity of 0.81 mS cm−1. Impressively, the PTFSMA-based gel polymer electrolyte exhibits stable cycling over 5000 and 2800 cycles in LiFePO4 full cells at 5C and 10C, respectively, and the high-loading LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 full cells (2.8 mAh cm−2) maintain 88.9 % capacity retention after 300 cycles. This finding highlights the significance of polymer architecture design on the interfacial SEI chemistry and Li+ transport dynamics of polymer electrolyte for long-cycle Li metal batteries.
氟化聚酯电解质因其优异的氧化稳定性而被认为是固态锂金属电池的有前途的候选者。然而，传统的氟化聚酯电解质仍然存在SEI化学性能差和体积Li+传导缓慢的问题。本文通过将聚（三氟甲基丙烯酸乙酯）（PTFMA）的三氟甲基调整为聚(2-（三氟甲基磺酰胺）甲基丙烯酸乙酯（PTFSMA）的三氟甲基磺酰胺，提出了一种氟化聚酯侧链工程，实现了锂金属相容性和Li+快速运输的一体化。从头算分子动力学（AIMD）计算表明，PTFSMA易断裂的C-S键加速了LiF和Li2S富集SEI的形成，从而抑制了界面的进一步降解，同时保证了Li+的畅通扩散。分子动力学（MD）模拟表明，S=O和- CF3之间的耦合效应显著增强了氟原子的Li+溶剂化能力，使Li+电导率达到0.81 mS cm−1。令人印象深刻的是，基于ptfsma的凝胶聚合物电解质在LiFePO4充满电池中分别在5C和10C下稳定循环超过5000和2800次，高负载LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2充满电池（2.8 mAh cm−2）在300次循环后保持了89.9%的容量保留率。这一发现凸显了聚合物结构设计对长周期锂金属电池聚合物电解质界面SEI化学和Li+输运动力学的重要意义。
{"title":"Side-chain engineering of fluorinated gel polyester electrolyte enabling fast-charging and high-loading Li metal batteries","authors":"Lianzhan Huang , Yuanlong Wu , Minjian Li , Binwen Zeng , Jinhui Liang , Xin Song , Kexin Su , Piao Luo , Huiyu Song , Zhiming Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorinated polyester electrolytes have been recognized as promising candidates for solid-state Li metal batteries owing to their exceptional oxidative stability. However, traditional fluorinated polyester electrolytes still encounter poor SEI chemistry and slow bulk Li<sup>+</sup> conduction. Herein, by tuning the trifluoromethyl of poly-(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFMA) to trifluoromethylsulfonamido of poly-(2-(Trifluoromethylsulfonamido)ethyl methacrylate) (PTFSMA), a side-chain engineering of fluorinated polyesters is proposed to achieve the integration of Li metal compatibility and fast Li<sup>+</sup> transportation. Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) calculations revealed that the easily cleaved C-S bond of PTFSMA accelerates the formation of LiF and Li<sub>2</sub>S enriched SEI to suppress further interfacial degradation while guaranteeing unobstructed Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations identified the coupling effect between S=O and −CF<sub>3</sub> significantly enhances the Li<sup>+</sup> solvation ability of the fluorine atom, endowing high Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity of 0.81 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>. Impressively, the PTFSMA-based gel polymer electrolyte exhibits stable cycling over 5000 and 2800 cycles in LiFePO<sub>4</sub> full cells at 5C and 10C, respectively, and the high-loading LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> full cells (2.8 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>) maintain 88.9 % capacity retention after 300 cycles. This finding highlights the significance of polymer architecture design on the interfacial SEI chemistry and Li<sup>+</sup> transport dynamics of polymer electrolyte for long-cycle Li metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":387,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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