Materials Today最新文献_第5页

Leveraging Multi-Material Ceramic Additive Manufacturing and Intrinsic Material-Based Catalyst Metallization to Realize Robust and Damage-Free 3D Ceramic Electronics 利用多材料陶瓷增材制造和基于本征材料的催化剂金属化实现坚固和无损伤的三维陶瓷电子

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103202

Kewei Song , Ze Zhang , Zifu Fan , Yifan Pan , Weiyang Wan , Yannan Li , Shinjiro Umezu , Hirotaka Sato

The fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) ceramic electronics is hindered by the lack of metallization methods that can achieve stable coating on curved surfaces and internal cavities without thermal damage. Here, a material-intrinsic catalytic design is implemented on a multi-material vat photopolymerization (MM-VPP) 3D printing platform, in which inert voxels without Pd²⁺ and active voxels containing Pd²⁺ are directly encoded into the monolithic ceramic structure during the printing stage. After co-sintering, the Pd²⁺ is in situ converted into surface Pd(0) nano-anchors, providing autocatalytic sites for subsequent electroless deposition, thereby achieving 3D selective metallization without energy writing. This method is applicable to a variety of systems such as Ni, Cu, and Ag, obtaining dense, continuous metal layers with robust interfaces and showing stable performance in standardized adhesion and electrical characterizations. Long-term thermal aging, damp heat exposure, ozone aging, thermal shock, and thermal cycling tests further confirm that the ceramic–metal interface maintains continuous structure and stable functionality under extended service conditions. Device-level verification shows that the ceramic antenna maintains stable communication at high temperature (short-term conditions), and the ceramic light emitting diode (LED) module exhibits stable conduction at low temperature. The combination of MM-VPP and intrinsic catalytic patterning provides a scalable platform for 3D selective metallization of ceramic architectures and offers compatibility to complement existing processes, particularly for complex ceramic geometries and non-line-of-sight regions.

复杂三维（3D）陶瓷电子器件的制造受到缺乏金属化方法的阻碍，这种方法可以在弯曲表面和内部腔上实现稳定的涂层而不会产生热损伤。本研究在多材料还原光聚合（MM-VPP） 3D打印平台上实现了材料本质催化设计，在打印阶段将不含Pd2+的惰性体素和含Pd2+的活性体素直接编码到单片陶瓷结构中。共烧结后，Pd2+在原位转化为表面Pd(0)纳米锚点，为后续化学沉积提供自催化位点，从而实现无需能量写入的3D选择性金属化。该方法适用于多种体系，如Ni、Cu和Ag，获得致密、连续的金属层，具有坚固的界面，并在标准化粘附和电特性方面表现出稳定的性能。长期热老化、湿热暴露、臭氧老化、热冲击和热循环试验进一步证实，陶瓷-金属界面在延长使用条件下保持连续的结构和稳定的功能。器件级验证表明，陶瓷天线在高温（短期条件）下保持稳定的通信，陶瓷发光二极管（LED）模块在低温下保持稳定的导通。MM-VPP和内在催化图图化的结合为陶瓷结构的3D选择性金属化提供了一个可扩展的平台，并提供了兼容性，以补充现有的工艺，特别是复杂的陶瓷几何形状和非视线区域。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced amorphous materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries: mechanisms, design, and future perspectives 用于水锌离子电池的先进非晶材料：机制、设计和未来展望

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103217

Quan Zong , Keyi Chen , Xuelian Liu , Zejie Zhu , Gongxun Bai , Qiaoling Kang , Shuang Zhou , Qilong Zhang , Guoying Wei , Anqiang Pan

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Despite these advantages, their practical deployment remains hampered by sluggish ion transport kinetics, cathode dissolution, dendritic zinc growth, and interfacial parasitic reactions. In recent years, amorphous materials have garnered considerable attention as electrode components due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, such as structural isotropy, abundant unsaturated coordination sites, and superior mechanical adaptability, that are distinct from their crystalline counterparts. This review comprehensively discusses the fundamental structure–property relationships of amorphous phases and their roles in facilitating ion diffusion, accommodating structural deformation, and stabilizing electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Recent progress in the rational synthesis, structural design, and functional integration of amorphous materials into both cathodes and zinc anodes is systematically summarized. Furthermore, the correlation between atomic disorder, electrochemical performance, and charge storage mechanisms is critically analyzed. Finally, key challenges and future opportunities of amorphous materials are proposed, offering deep insights into the rational design of amorphous materials toward high-performance and durable aqueous ZIBs, as well as their broader applications for next-generation rechargeable batteries.

由于其固有的安全性、成本效益和环境友好性，水性锌离子电池（zib）已成为大规模储能的有希望的候选者。尽管有这些优点，但它们的实际应用仍然受到缓慢的离子传输动力学、阴极溶解、枝晶锌生长和界面寄生反应的阻碍。近年来，非晶材料由于其独特的物理化学特性，如结构各向同性、丰富的不饱和配位位点和优越的机械适应性，与晶体材料不同，作为电极材料引起了相当大的关注。本文综述了非晶相的基本结构-性能关系及其在促进离子扩散、调节结构变形和稳定电极/电解质界面方面的作用。系统地综述了非晶材料在阴极和锌阳极的合理合成、结构设计和功能集成方面的最新进展。此外，还分析了原子无序性、电化学性能和电荷存储机制之间的关系。最后，提出了非晶材料的关键挑战和未来机遇，为非晶材料的合理设计提供了深入的见解，以实现高性能和耐用的水性ZIBs，以及它们在下一代可充电电池中的更广泛应用。

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引用次数: 0

A material toolbox for engineering targeted lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapies 用于RNA治疗的靶向脂质纳米颗粒工程的材料工具箱

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.034

Soyeon Yoo , Melgious Jin Yan Ang , Amanda M. Murray , Michael J. Mitchell

RNA therapeutics are rapidly redefining the landscape of modern medicine, offering programmable solutions to target diseases at the genetic level. Their success, exemplified by FDA-approved siRNA drugs and mRNA vaccines in clinical use, is primarily enabled by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which protect RNA, facilitate its intracellular delivery, and enhance endosomal escape. However, LNPs exhibit limited organ selectivity, often accumulating in the liver, which restricts broader clinical translation. This review presents a materials-centered framework for engineering targeted LNPs that improve therapeutic efficacy in target organs while minimizing off-target effects. We first examine surface functionalization strategies using active targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, carbohydrates, and small molecules. We then highlight approaches to modulate organ tropism through intrinsic lipid component design, such as rational design of ionizable lipids, use of lipid additives, and tuning of lipid composition. Key analytical methods for evaluating targeting efficiency, including in vitro and in vivo assays, are also discussed. Finally, we examine emerging applications of targeted LNPs across diverse disease areas, including cancer, women’s health disorders and neurological diseases, with an outline on future directions. Overall, this review aims to guide the rational design of next-generation targeted LNPs by presenting a toolbox of material strategies to facilitate the safe and effective application of RNA therapeutics.

RNA疗法正在迅速重新定义现代医学的景观，提供可编程的解决方案，以针对遗传水平的疾病。它们的成功，fda批准的siRNA药物和临床使用的mRNA疫苗就是例证，主要是由脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）实现的，它保护RNA，促进其在细胞内传递，并增强内体逃逸。然而，LNPs表现出有限的器官选择性，通常在肝脏中积累，这限制了更广泛的临床转化。本文综述了以材料为中心的LNPs工程框架，以提高靶器官的治疗效果，同时最大限度地减少脱靶效应。我们首先研究了使用活性靶向配体（如抗体、肽、适体、碳水化合物和小分子）的表面功能化策略。然后，我们强调了通过内在脂质成分设计来调节器官向性的方法，例如合理设计可电离脂质，使用脂质添加剂和调节脂质成分。评估靶向效率的关键分析方法，包括体外和体内分析，也进行了讨论。最后，我们研究了靶向LNPs在不同疾病领域的新应用，包括癌症、女性健康障碍和神经系统疾病，并概述了未来的发展方向。综上所述，本综述旨在通过提出一系列材料策略来指导下一代靶向LNPs的合理设计，以促进RNA治疗药物的安全有效应用。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing ferroelectric domain wall optoelectronics for bitstream data security 利用铁电畴壁光电子技术实现比特流数据安全

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103215

Changdong Liu , Wenzhao Wang , Tiancong Cao , Mohammad A. Islam , Yingjie Xia , Changlin Zheng , Jun Jiang , Zongquan Gu

The inherent unpredictability of physical property randomness holds great promise for information security applications. A novel encryption approach is devised based on the optoelectronic responses of conducting domain walls (CDWs) in BiFeO₃ thin films, integrating nonlinear transformations with true random secret keys to enhance the overall security. The plaintext is defined by the wavelength-dependent photocurrents at 405, 520 and 635 nm optical excitations and the distortions in each RGB channel are introduced by additional electrical pulsing. The nonlinear transformation makes the characteristic pattern hidden, increasing the image entropy from 2.59 to 6.83. The encryption is then conducted by true random secret keys generated by the stochastic fluctuations of domain wall currents (DWCs) to implement logical encryption operations. The image entropy is further increased to 7.95 with the transition of correlation plots from strong correlations between pixels to aperiodic characteristic pattern. The encryption shows high resistances to attacks by exhaustive method and quantum search, logarithmically extending cracking time with key length bits. The robustness of the scheme is verified by typical differential attacks, noise additions and occlusion interruptions. The approach conveniently embeds a two-step encryption in the optoelectronic responses of conducting domain walls, providing a proof-of-concept solution for data security in AI and IoT.

物理属性随机性固有的不可预测性为信息安全应用带来了巨大的希望。基于BiFeO3薄膜导电畴壁（CDWs）的光电响应，设计了一种新的加密方法，将非线性变换与真正的随机密钥相结合，以提高整体安全性。明文由波长相关的光电流在405,520和635 nm光激发下定义，每个RGB通道中的畸变由附加的电脉冲引入。非线性变换使特征模式被隐藏，使图像熵由2.59提高到6.83。然后通过域壁电流随机波动产生的真随机密钥进行加密，实现逻辑加密操作。随着相关图由像素间的强相关图向非周期特征图过渡，图像熵进一步提高到7.95。通过穷举法和量子搜索，以对数方式延长密钥长度比特的破解时间，该加密具有很高的抗攻击能力。通过典型的差分攻击、噪声添加和遮挡中断验证了该方案的鲁棒性。该方法方便地将两步加密嵌入导电畴壁的光电响应中，为人工智能和物联网中的数据安全提供了概念验证解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

LLM-assisted intelligent discovery of metal-organic frameworks for solid-state electrolytes llm辅助智能发现固态电解质的金属有机框架

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103225

Zuoshuai Xi , Xinmeng Xu , Hongyi Gao, Ge Wang

The development of high-performance solid-state electrolytes has long been hindered by the inefficiency of traditional discovery methods and the lack of systematic design principles. In the October 24, 2025 issue of JACS, Zhang and co-workers leveraged large language models combined with representation clustering to intelligently mine promising metal–organic framework-based electrolytes, offering a transformative approach to materials discovery.

由于传统的发现方法效率低下和缺乏系统的设计原则，高性能固态电解质的发展一直受到阻碍。在2025年10月24日出版的JACS上，Zhang和同事利用大型语言模型结合表示聚类来智能地挖掘有前途的基于金属有机框架的电解质，为材料发现提供了一种革命性的方法。

引用次数: 0

Scalable and high-rate ultra-thick cathodes enabled by a multifunctional ethyl cellulose additive 可扩展和高速率超厚阴极由多功能乙基纤维素添加剂实现

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103224

Byunghyun Do , Hojun Lee , Jonggyu Park , Seongeun Park , Dongwook Shin , Hyeseong Oh , Kyeong-Min Jeong , Kyu-Young Park

Ultra-thick cathodes delivering >10 mAh cm⁻² with high-rate capability remain a central challenge due to severe electronic/ionic transport limitations and structural inhomogeneity introduced during fabrication. Here, we present a multifunctional ethyl-cellulose (EC) additive for conventional slurry processing that enables scalable manufacture of ultra-thick electrodes with exceptional electrochemical performance. A tiny amount of EC (<0.05 wt%) promotes uniform CNT dispersion via noncovalent (CH-π) interactions and drives selective adhesion to oxide surfaces through hydrogen bonding, yielding conformal in situ CNT coatings during slurry processing. The process is fully compatible with industrial roll-to-roll lines and was validated by continuous coating of >150 m of CNT-coated electrodes without loss of processability. In addition, EC suppresses carbon–binder migration during drying, a long-standing issue in slurry fabrication, and enhances electrolyte wettability, thereby lowering tortuosity-limited ionic resistance (i.e., ion-transport resistance from tortuous pores). This strategy enables defect-free electrodes with active-mass loadings up to 97.5 mg cm⁻² (19.5 mAh cm⁻²) using only 0.5 wt% CNT. At 55 mg cm⁻² (≈11 mAh cm⁻²), the electrodes retain 87% and 46% of their 0.1C capacity at 1C and 2C, respectively, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance among ultra-thick electrodes, and they maintain 73% capacity after 200 cycles in full-cell configurations. Li-metal pouch cells achieve a cathode-specific energy density of 734 Wh kg⁻¹, demonstrating the industrial viability of the approach. This additive-assisted paradigm provides mechanistic insight into CNT–polymer–oxide interactions and offers a practical route to accelerate commercialization of high-areal-capacity electrodes at industrial scale.

由于严重的电子/离子传输限制和制造过程中引入的结构不均匀性，具有10毫安时cm - 2的高倍率超厚阴极仍然是一个主要挑战。在这里，我们提出了一种用于常规浆料加工的多功能乙基纤维素（EC）添加剂，该添加剂可扩展制造具有优异电化学性能的超厚电极。少量EC （0.05 wt%）通过非共价（CH-π）相互作用促进碳纳米管均匀分散，并通过氢键驱动氧化物表面的选择性粘附，在浆料加工过程中产生保形原位碳纳米管涂层。该工艺与工业卷对卷生产线完全兼容，并通过连续涂层>；150 m的碳纳米管涂层电极而不损失加工性能进行了验证。此外，EC抑制了干燥过程中的碳结合剂迁移，这是浆液制造中的一个长期存在的问题，并增强了电解质的润湿性，从而降低了扭曲限制的离子电阻（即来自扭曲孔隙的离子传输电阻）。该策略使无缺陷电极的有效质量负载高达97.5 mg cm - 2 (19.5 mAh cm - 2)，仅使用0.5 wt%的碳纳米管。在55 mg cm - 2（≈11 mAh cm - 2）下，电极在1C和2C下分别保持了0.1C容量的87%和46%，展示了超厚电极中最先进的性能，并且在全电池配置下循环200次后仍保持73%的容量。锂金属袋电池的阴极比能量密度达到734 Wh kg−1，证明了该方法的工业可行性。这种添加剂辅助模式提供了对碳纳米管聚合物-氧化物相互作用的机理见解，并为加速工业规模的高面积容量电极商业化提供了一条实用途径。

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引用次数: 0

High-index faceted high-entropy-alloy atomic layers with tailored active sites for enhanced catalytic performance 高指数切面高熵合金原子层与定制的活性位点，以提高催化性能

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103195

Han-Wei Fang , Liang-Yu Hou , Chong-Chi Chi , Cheng-Yu Wu , Chia-Ying Wu , Chun-Wei Chang , Jui-Tai Lin , Shang-Cheng Lin , Zong Ying He , Yi Chen , Chia-Shuo Hsu , Chih-Wen Pao , Ming-Yen Lu , Kun-Han Lin , Tung-Han Yang

High-entropy-alloy (HEA) catalysts have attracted considerable interest for a wide range of catalytic applications. However, the development of high-index faceted HEA catalysts remains rare, due to the synthetic challenge of achieving both atomic-level mixing and precise control over surface facets and atomic arrangements. Here, we report a kinetically controlled two-step synthesis of high-index faceted HEA atomic layers, including {210}, {310}, and {320} facets, epitaxially grown on concave nanocubes with a PtIrRuRhAu composition. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirms inter-element bonding, indicating an atomically mixed multimetallic surface. In situ microscopy analysis demonstrates thermal stability of the high-index faceted HEA atomic layers up to 500 °C. Importantly, they also show excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in 0.5 M H₂SO₄, requiring an overpotential of only 41 mV to reach a current density of −10 mA cm⁻² (normalized to the geometric electrode area). Operando XAS analysis reveals electronic modulation under applied potential, with electron gain at Ir sites and loss at Au sites. Density functional theory calculations identify that incorporating weakly hydrogen-binding Au into platinum-group-metal-based HEA surfaces creates sites with near-optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy, effectively tuning adsorption energetics and enabling well-balanced hydrogen binding for enhanced HER activity.

高熵合金（HEA）催化剂因其广泛的催化应用而引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，高指数面形HEA催化剂的开发仍然很少，这是由于实现原子级混合和精确控制表面面形和原子排列的合成挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种动力学控制的两步合成高折射率面HEA原子层，包括{210}，{310}和{320}面，外延生长在具有PtIrRuRhAu成分的凹纳米立方体上。同步加速器x射线吸收光谱（XAS）证实了元素间键合，表明原子混合的多金属表面。原位显微镜分析表明，高指数面HEA原子层的热稳定性高达500°C。重要的是，它们在0.5 M H2SO4中也表现出优异的析氢反应（HER）活性，只需要41 mV的过电位就可以达到−10 mA cm−2的电流密度（归一化到几何电极面积）。Operando XAS分析揭示了施加电位下的电子调制，在Ir位点有电子增益，在Au位点有电子损失。密度泛函理论计算表明，将弱氢键合的Au结合到铂基金属基HEA表面，可以产生具有接近最佳氢吸附自由能的位点，有效地调节吸附能量，实现良好的氢结合，从而增强HER活性。

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引用次数: 0

Scaffolded nanopores during carbonization: a strategy for stabilizing nanoporous polymer-derived carbons 碳化过程中支架纳米孔：稳定纳米多孔聚合物衍生碳的策略

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103214

Meudjeu Tognia , Xinyu Dong , Mengjie Hou , Lin Li , Hua Wang , Yan Li , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Runsheng Yu , Tonghua Wang

Porous carbons obtained from pyrolysis of polymer precursors are central to membrane separations, adsorbents, and electrochemical devices, yet their high-temperature carbonization drives densification and pore collapse. Here a thermally guided sacrificial templating with pore scaffolding strategy is introduced using what we named a decomposition-derived scaffoldant (DDS): a templating-scaffolding agent that decomposes to generate additional porosity and subsequently yield nano-carbonaceous residues that skeletonize and stabilize the pore network. Using a phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether ketone) (PEK-C) as polymer precursor and [C₂OHMIM][DCA] as model DDS, we enabled the formation of stabilized interconnected sub-nanometre pore networks while simultaneously suppressing graphitic stacking, and controlling structural densification. As an applied case, we fabricated carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes for CO₂ separation. The resulting porous carbons exhibited exceptional CO₂ permeabilities (up to 13665 ± 683 Barrer) and outstanding selectivities (CO₂/N₂ = 127 ± 9, and CO₂/CH₄ = 109 ± 8 under optimal conditions) that surpass the 2019 upper bound, alongside long-term stability outperforming current membrane technologies. The concept was validated across multiple polymer systems, establishing a generalizable route to mitigate pore collapse in polymer-derived pyrolyzed materials, using commercially accessible materials and scalable processing.

从聚合物前体热解得到的多孔碳是膜分离、吸附剂和电化学装置的核心，但它们的高温碳化驱动致密化和孔隙坍塌。本文介绍了一种具有孔支架策略的热引导牺牲模板，使用我们命名的分解衍生支架剂（DDS）：一种模板支架剂，它可以分解产生额外的孔隙，随后产生纳米碳质残留物，这些残留物可以骨架化并稳定孔隙网络。以酚酞基聚芳醚酮（PEK-C）为聚合物前驱体，以[C2OHMIM][DCA]为模型DDS，我们在抑制石墨堆积和控制结构致密化的同时，实现了稳定的互联亚纳米孔隙网络的形成。作为应用实例，我们制备了用于CO2分离的碳分子筛（CMS）膜。所制得的多孔碳具有优异的CO2渗透率（高达13665±683 Barrer）和出色的选择性（最佳条件下CO2/N2 = 127±9,CO2/CH4 = 109±8），超过了2019年的上限，并且长期稳定性优于当前的膜技术。该概念在多种聚合物体系中得到了验证，通过使用商业上可获得的材料和可扩展的工艺，建立了一种通用的途径来减轻聚合物衍生的热解材料的孔隙坍塌。

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引用次数: 0

Putting fatigue to rest via solute-pinned boundaries 通过溶质固定的边界使疲劳休息

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103187

Manish Jain , Daniel Vizoso , Alejandro Hinojos , Alejandro Barrios , Kyle R. Dorman , Yichen Yang , David Adams , Khalid Hattar , Doug L. Medlin , Olivier Pierron , Rémi Dingreville , Brad L. Boyce

All metals have their limit when it comes to enduring fatigue damage. The best commercial alloys can survive 10⁷ cycles at cyclic stress amplitudes up to approximately 850 MPa. Here we explore the possibility of exceeding that limit by preventing dislocation-mediated crack nucleation processes. In the current study, a model solute-stabilized nanocrystalline alloy (Pt-10 atom% Au) is shown to sustain no fatigue damage even after 10¹⁰ cycles at stress amplitudes above 1 GPa (corresponding to an applied maximum strain of 0.65% under fully reversed loading). To understand the origins of that remarkable fatigue resistance, atomistic simulations and electron microscopy point to the role of solute-stabilized grain boundaries which prevent the nanostructured alloy from undergoing fatigue-induced grain growth and subsequent dislocation-mediated fatigue damage. Such findings point to new pathways to suppress crack initiation in nanostructured metals, offering a possibility of future metals that are impervious to fatigue failure.

所有金属在承受疲劳损伤时都有其极限。最好的商用合金可以在高达约850mpa的循环应力幅值下存活107次循环。在这里，我们通过防止位错介导的裂纹成核过程来探索超过该限制的可能性。在目前的研究中，一种模型溶质稳定纳米晶合金（Pt-10原子% Au）在应力振幅高于1 GPa（对应于完全反向加载下0.65%的最大应变）的情况下，即使经过1010次循环也不会产生疲劳损伤。为了理解这种显著的抗疲劳性的起源，原子模拟和电子显微镜指出了溶质稳定晶界的作用，它可以防止纳米结构合金经历疲劳诱导的晶粒生长和随后的位错介导的疲劳损伤。这些发现指出了抑制纳米结构金属裂纹萌生的新途径，为未来不受疲劳破坏影响的金属提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

Unconventional sub-grain structures formed in additively manufactured metals 在增材制造金属中形成非常规的亚晶粒结构

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.01.007

Guanghui Yang, En Ma

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for additive manufacturing (AM) of metals has garnered significant attention over the past decade, not only for its unique ability to fabricate complex geometries but also for the distinctive microstructural features it imparts, such as hierarchical grain and sub-grain structures. Notably, AM produces unusually rich sub-grain structures, primarily solidification or dislocation cells that lead to only low degrees of crystallographic misorientations yet are effective dislocation barriers. Such microstructural features, distinctly different from conventional thermomechanical processing, are largely responsible for the enhanced strength-ductility frequently reported for AM metals, but remain poorly understood. Key questions persist, including how solute segregation networks form, what mechanisms underlie the generation of dislocation cellular structures, and how the latter correlate with solidification cell structures. In this overview, we delve into the unusual solidification conditions during LPBF, focusing on the mechanisms underlying grain and sub-grain evolution, with the aid of computational simulations to gain insight into the experimental observations available. Overall, this overview aims to improve the foundational understanding of the microstructural evolution in LPBF-fabricated metals, illustrate the new aspects of sub-grain features different from conventional polygonised dislocation cells, and offer an outlook for future advances in the field from a metallurgy standpoint.

激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）用于金属增材制造（AM）在过去十年中引起了极大的关注，不仅因为其独特的制造复杂几何形状的能力，而且还因为它所赋予的独特的微观结构特征，如分层晶粒和亚晶粒结构。值得注意的是，AM产生了异常丰富的亚晶粒结构，主要是凝固或位错细胞，它们只导致低程度的晶体取向错误，但却是有效的位错屏障。这些微观结构特征，与传统的热机械加工明显不同，是AM金属经常报道的增强强度-延展性的主要原因，但仍然知之甚少。关键问题仍然存在，包括溶质偏析网络是如何形成的，是什么机制导致了位错细胞结构的产生，以及后者如何与凝固细胞结构相关联。在本综述中，我们深入研究了LPBF过程中的异常凝固条件，重点研究了晶粒和亚晶粒演变的机制，并借助计算模拟来深入了解现有的实验观察结果。总的来说，本综述旨在提高对lpbf制造金属的微观结构演变的基本理解，说明不同于传统多角化位错细胞的亚晶粒特征的新方面，并从冶金的角度展望该领域的未来发展。

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引用次数: 0