Materials Today最新文献_第6页

Recent research progress of 4D-STEM from methodology to application in materials science 4D-STEM从方法论到材料科学应用的研究进展

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.029

Bowen Liu , Zheng Hu , Pierre Ruterana , Ezra J. Olivier , Lin Gu , Yi Wang

Understanding the structural, chemical, and functional properties of materials is essential for advancing performance. Over the past two decades, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has undergone transformative developments, with state-of-the-art imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy establishing it as a cornerstone of materials characterization at the micro- to nanoscale. A key breakthrough has been the advent of pixelated direct electron detectors, which enable the recording of two-dimensional diffraction patterns at each probe position and have given rise to four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). Analysis of 4D-STEM datasets provides rich information about strain distribution, crystallographic orientation, and variations in electric and magnetic fields across multiple length scales. Moreover, ptychographic reconstruction, achieved by decoupling the electron probe wave functions and specimen object functions, allows retrieval of quantitative phase information with atomic-scale precision, thereby surpassing the resolution limits of conventional TEM. This review summarizes the principles and recent applications of 4D-STEM, encompassing virtual detector imaging, strain and orientation mapping, electromagnetic field measurements, radial distribution function analysis, ptychography, and data acquisition strategies in functional materials. Finally, it highlights the challenges and future opportunities in advancing 4D-STEM toward deeper insights into material properties and the rational design of next-generation materials.

了解材料的结构、化学和功能特性对提高性能至关重要。在过去的二十年里，透射电子显微镜（TEM）经历了革命性的发展，最先进的成像，衍射和光谱学使其成为微观到纳米尺度材料表征的基石。一个关键的突破是像素化直接电子探测器的出现，它能够在每个探针位置记录二维衍射模式，并产生了四维扫描透射电子显微镜（4D-STEM）。对4D-STEM数据集的分析提供了有关应变分布、晶体取向以及电场和磁场在多个长度尺度上的变化的丰富信息。此外，通过解耦电子探针波函数和样品对象函数实现的形态重建，允许以原子尺度精度检索定量相位信息，从而超越传统TEM的分辨率限制。本文综述了4D-STEM的原理及其在功能材料中的最新应用，包括虚拟探测器成像、应变和取向成像、电磁场测量、径向分布函数分析、平面摄影和数据采集策略。最后，它强调了在推进4D-STEM深入了解材料特性和下一代材料合理设计方面的挑战和未来机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Design and applications of immunomodulatory microspheres: From material properties to multisystem disease therapies 免疫调节微球的设计与应用：从材料特性到多系统疾病治疗

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.035

Shengwen Cheng , Xiaohong Luo , Lijun Yang , Mingfei Dong , Wenjing Zhang , Xinrui Cai , Xiaole Peng , Chen Zhao , João F. Mano , Wei Huang , Yiting Lei

Immunomodulatory microspheres represent an advanced class of biomaterials that function as comprehensive platforms integrating passive drug delivery and active immunoregulatory capabilities. This review synthesizes fundamental design principles—where engineered chemical (e.g., ion release, surface functionalization, redox modulation) and physical (e.g., size, morphology, stiffness) properties synergistically create “immune instruction systems” to reprogram pathological microenvironments. Their transformative applications span multisystem diseases. In orthopedics, microspheres recalibrate macrophage polarization (M1/M2) to resolve osteoarthritis inflammation and promote bone regeneration in osteoporosis. In gynecology, they overcome mucosal barriers to target ectopic lesions in endometriosis and enhance immunotherapy for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Moreover, in neurology, they penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to mitigate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. Despite its promise, clinical translation faces challenges, including tissue-specific delivery barriers (e.g., joint clearance, cervical mucus, and BBB penetration) and immune-related safety risks (e.g., cytokine release syndrome). Emerging solutions include stimulus-responsive designs, exosome-microsphere hybrids, and personalized formulations based on immune profiling. Future advancements require scalable manufacturing and long-term safety validation to realize the full potential of these platforms in precision immunotherapy.

免疫调节微球是一类先进的生物材料，作为综合平台整合了被动药物输送和主动免疫调节能力。这篇综述综合了基本的设计原则，其中工程化学（例如，离子释放，表面功能化，氧化还原调节）和物理（例如，尺寸，形态，刚度）特性协同创建“免疫指令系统”来重新编程病理微环境。它们的变革性应用跨越了多系统疾病。在骨科中，微球重新校准巨噬细胞极化（M1/M2）以解决骨关节炎炎症并促进骨质疏松症的骨再生。在妇科，他们克服粘膜屏障，以靶异位病变子宫内膜异位症和加强免疫治疗卵巢早衰。此外，在神经学中，它们穿透血脑屏障（BBB），减轻阿尔茨海默病和中风的神经炎症。尽管前景光明，但临床翻译面临挑战，包括组织特异性递送障碍（如关节清除、宫颈粘液和血脑屏障渗透）和免疫相关安全风险（如细胞因子释放综合征）。新兴的解决方案包括刺激反应设计，外泌体-微球杂交，以及基于免疫分析的个性化配方。未来的发展需要可扩展的制造和长期的安全性验证，以实现这些平台在精确免疫治疗中的全部潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A Lewis acid-base interactive solid-state electrolyte mediating highly stable lithium deposition and long-cycling solid-state batteries 一种介导高稳定锂沉积和长循环固态电池的刘易斯酸碱相互作用固态电解质

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.023

Rongjin Lin , Ming Jiang , Changyong Zhao , Runcang Sun , Xiaofei Yang , Xuejie Gao

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage but suffer from lithium dendrite growth and interfacial instability. To tackle these issues, we developed the novel solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) by incorporating lithium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC@Li) into a polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME) matrix (CMC@Li-PEGDME). The ether-oxygen groups in PEGDME act as Lewis bases, dynamically coordinating with Li⁺ (Lewis acid) from CMC@Li to form a solvation structure that enhances Li⁺ transport and stabilizes the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed the formation of a stable LiF-rich/Li₃N SEI layer. As a result, Li-Li symmetric batteries assembled with designed SSEs achieved stable cycling for over 7200 h with a low overpotential of 125 mV (0.1 mA cm⁻², 0.1 mAh cm⁻²). Even at a higher areal capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻², it still cycled stably for more than 3500 h with a low overpotential of around 153 mV. Moreover, in Li-LFP pouch cells, it delivered 159.9 mAh g⁻¹ initial capacity at 0.2C with 98.21 % average Coulombic efficiency over 100 cycles. This work introduces a Lewis acid-base coordination strategy incorporating a renewable, bio-derived component that simultaneously improves Li⁺ kinetics and interfacial stability, providing a viable path toward high-performance SSLMBs.

固态锂金属电池（sslmb）有望成为下一代储能技术，但存在锂枝晶生长和界面不稳定的问题。为了解决这些问题，我们通过将锂羧甲基纤维素（CMC@Li）结合到聚乙二醇二甲醚（PEGDME）基质（CMC@Li-PEGDME）中开发了新型固态电解质（sse）。PEGDME中的醚氧基团作为Lewis碱，与Li+ （Lewis酸）（CMC@Li）动态配位，形成溶剂化结构，增强Li+输运，稳定固-电解质间相（SEI）。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF-SIMS）证实形成了稳定的富liff /Li3N SEI层。结果，采用设计的ssi组装的锂离子对称电池实现了超过7200小时的稳定循环，过电位低至125 mV （0.1 mA cm - 2, 0.1 mAh cm - 2）。即使在1 mAh cm−2的高面容量下，它仍然稳定地循环超过3500小时，过电位约为153 mV。此外，在Li-LFP袋电池中，它在0.2C下提供159.9 mAh g−1的初始容量，100次循环的平均库仑效率为98.21%。这项工作介绍了一种Lewis酸碱配位策略，该策略结合了可再生的生物衍生成分，同时提高了Li+动力学和界面稳定性，为高性能sslmb提供了可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Energy-resolved color X-ray imaging via stacked ultra-narrowband scintillators for material discrimination 利用叠置超窄带闪烁体进行材料分辨的能量分辨彩色x射线成像

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.014

Pingping Fan , Mingxing Li , Xu Zhao , Wenwu You , Shuanglai Liu , Sidan Wang , Jiacai Li , Huimin Zhang , Huafang Zhang , Gencai Pan , Yanli Mao

Conventional X-ray imaging, limited to a single grayscale contrast, fails to distinguish materials of similar density. Here, we overcome this fundamental limitation by realizing energy-resolved, color X-ray imaging using a rationally designed stacked scintillator architecture. Our custom-synthesized LuYO₃:RE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, etc.) phosphors exhibit a record-small emission linewidth and a large Stokes shift, which together effectively suppress interlayer crosstalk and reabsorption—the primary bottleneck in previous scintillator stacking methods. The core of our strategy lies in a bilayer film where the top LuYO₃:Eu³⁺ (red-emitting) layer is engineered to predominantly absorb and convert low-energy X-rays, while the bottom LuYO₃:Tb³⁺ (green-emitting) layer is primarily responsive to high-energy X-rays that penetrate the top layer. This energy-dependent spatial separation of the scintillation process enables a direct mapping of X-ray energy to visible color. In a prototype device, as the incident X-ray energy is varied from 13 to 70 kV, we generate a continuous, perceptible color gradient from red to green. With this device, we demonstrate the ability to unambiguously identify A4 paper, aluminum, and iron sheets in a single exposure. This work establishes powerful platform for material-discriminative radiography, with transformative potential for medical diagnostics, security screening, and industrial inspection.

传统的x射线成像，仅限于单一的灰度对比，不能区分相似密度的材料。在这里，我们克服了这一基本限制，通过合理设计的堆叠闪烁体结构实现能量分辨，彩色x射线成像。我们定制合成的LuYO3:RE3+ （RE3+ = Eu3+， Tb3+等）荧光粉具有创纪录的小发射线宽和大斯托克斯位移，它们共同有效地抑制了层间串串和重吸收-以前闪烁体堆叠方法的主要瓶颈。我们策略的核心在于双层膜，其中顶部LuYO3:Eu3+（红色发射）层主要用于吸收和转换低能x射线，而底部LuYO3:Tb3+（绿色发射）层主要响应穿透顶层的高能x射线。这种能量依赖于闪烁过程的空间分离使得x射线能量直接映射到可见颜色。在一个原型装置中，当入射的x射线能量从13到70千伏变化时，我们产生了一个连续的、可感知的从红色到绿色的颜色梯度。有了这个装置，我们展示了在一次曝光中明确识别A4纸、铝和铁片的能力。这项工作为材料鉴别放射照相建立了强大的平台，在医疗诊断、安全筛查和工业检查方面具有变革潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Quantum-capacitive activation of diazonium-functionalized graphene edges for reversible biosensing 可逆生物传感中重氮功能化石墨烯边缘的量子电容激活

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.023

Jianwei Gao , Yujia Huang , Lei Bao , Andy Jiao , Yi Li , Shen Ao , Honglei Xue , Xiaofang Kang , Guangya Jiang , Wanshuo Gao , Zhenyu Wang , Xinyu Zhu , Jiatong Liu , Xiaoyan Zhang , Chunlei Wan , Grégory F. Schneider , Wangyang Fu

Technologies capable of quantitatively detecting various molecules at trace concentrations without the need for external labels or amplification are crucial for early identification of disease biomarkers in medical diagnostics. In this context, label-free field-effect transistor biosensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials are highly desired for their exceptional sensitivity. However, the instability of non-covalent interface engineering and variations in device performance lead to poor reproducibility, limiting their use in quantitative analysis. To address these challenges, we functionalize only the edges of graphene by protecting its basal plane with a ceramic material and reversibly modifying the edges using diazonium chemistry. Remarkably, the resulting edge-enhanced graphene quantum capacitor (eGQC) exhibits reusability for up to 100 cycles with reproducible working curves. This achievement enables the robust detection of miRNA-21 molecules, a promising biomarker for early cancer diagnosis, at femtomolar concentrations. The sensing response exhibits a standard deviation of only 41% over 100 continuous miRNA detections, significantly outperforming current state-of-the-art graphene biosensor arrays.

能够在不需要外部标记或扩增的情况下定量检测微量浓度的各种分子的技术对于医学诊断中疾病生物标志物的早期识别至关重要。在这种情况下，基于二维（2D）材料的无标签场效应晶体管生物传感器因其卓越的灵敏度而受到高度期望。然而，非共价界面工程的不稳定性和器件性能的变化导致再现性差，限制了它们在定量分析中的应用。为了解决这些问题，我们使用陶瓷材料保护石墨烯的基面，并使用重氮化学对其边缘进行可逆修饰，从而实现石墨烯边缘的功能化。值得注意的是，所得到的边缘增强石墨烯量子电容器（eGQC）具有可重复使用的工作曲线，可重复使用多达100次。这一成就使miRNA-21分子能够在飞摩尔浓度下进行检测，这是一种有希望用于早期癌症诊断的生物标志物。在100次连续miRNA检测中，传感响应的标准偏差仅为41%，显著优于当前最先进的石墨烯生物传感器阵列。

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引用次数: 0

Epitaxial growth of highly stacked SiGe(:B)/Si multilayers without strain relaxation for vertically stacked device applications 垂直堆叠器件应用中无应变松弛的高堆叠SiGe(:B)/Si多层外延生长

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.030

Dongmin Yoon, Seonwoong Jung, Hyerin Shin, Seokmin Oh, Jungwoo Kim, Dae-Hong Ko

The increasing demand for vertically stacked semiconductor devices has necessitated the fabrication of highly stacked epitaxial multilayers of SiGe/Si without crystalline defects. We propose a scheme that incorporates boron atoms into SiGe layers, yielding SiGe/Si multilayers with misfit-dislocation-free structures and no strain relaxation. The boron atoms are introduced in situ using ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition, obtaining epitaxial multilayers consisting of boron-doped SiGe layers and undoped Si layers. The microstructures and strain states of the multilayers are observed using X-ray diffractometry, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The relaxation thresholds increased with increasing incorporation of boron in both the single layers and multilayers. Incorporation of 0.6 % boron into the Si_0.8Ge_0.2 layers realizes a fully strained 110-period multilayer with a total thickness of 10.6 μm. Based on the kinetically limited critical thickness derived from the single-layer results, we successfully interpret the observed metastability limit in multilayer structures. This physical interpretation explains the substantially higher metastability of boron-doped SiGe/Si multilayers than of their undoped counterparts. This study demonstrates that boron-doping approach clearly enhances the strain retention in high-period multilayers, highlighting its potential in vertically stacked device applications.

对垂直堆叠半导体器件的需求日益增加，使得制造高度堆叠的无晶体缺陷的SiGe/Si外延多层材料成为必要。我们提出了一种方案，将硼原子纳入SiGe层，产生具有无错配位错结构和无应变松弛的SiGe/Si多层膜。采用超高真空化学气相沉积技术原位引入硼原子，得到了由掺硼SiGe层和未掺杂Si层组成的外延多层膜。利用x射线衍射、原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了多层膜的微观结构和应变状态。随着硼在单层和多层中掺入量的增加，弛豫阈值均增加。在Si0.8Ge0.2层中掺入0.6%的硼，可获得全应变110周期的多层膜，总厚度为10.6 μm。基于单层结果得出的动力学极限临界厚度，我们成功地解释了多层结构中观察到的亚稳态极限。这种物理解释解释了掺硼的SiGe/Si多层膜比未掺硼的高得多的亚稳态。该研究表明，硼掺杂方法明显增强了高周期多层中的应变保留，突出了其在垂直堆叠器件应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Revitalizing multifunctionality of Li-Al-O system enabling mother-powder-free sintering of garnet-type solid electrolytes 活化Li-Al-O系统的多功能，使石榴石型固体电解质的无母粉烧结成为可能

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.033

Hwa-Jung Kim , Jong Hoon Kim , Minseo Choi , Jung Hyun Kim , Hosun Shin , Ki Chang Kwon , Sun Hwa Park , Hyun Min Park , Seokhee Lee , Young Heon Kim , Hyeokjun Park , Seung-Wook Baek

Garnet-type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) is a promising electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries owing to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. High-temperature sintering is essential for the fabrication of LLZO, which is often challenged by elemental loss (i.e. lithium volatilization) during sintering and thus causes product reliability issues. Here, we propose a simple and scalable coating strategy to enable LLZO to be sintered efficiently without sacrificial mother powder (or bed powder). We reveal that multifunctional Li-Al-O compounds coated on LLZO electrolytes effectively promote sintering process while mitigating lithium loss upon high-temperature sintering, rendering a highly dense (98.2 %) sintered pellet with high ionic conductivity (8.82 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) and low electronic conductivity (7.59 × 10⁻¹⁰ S cm⁻¹). The fabricated pellets exhibit a significantly enhanced critical current density along with low charge-transfer resistance at the interface with lithium metals, attributable to the lithophilic Li-Al-O compound distributed across the grain boundaries. The practical viability of the strategy is further showcased by fabrication of high-quality pellets with large sizes up to 16 cm² (after sintering). We expect that this simple yet effective strategy involving multifunctional agents to simultaneously design materials and their fabrication process expedites the technological advancement of sintering for solid-state oxide electrolytes towards commercialization.

石榴石型Li7La3Zr2O12 （LLZO）具有较高的离子电导率和化学稳定性，是一种很有前途的固态锂金属电池电解质。高温烧结对于LLZO的制造是必不可少的，在烧结过程中经常受到元素损失（即锂挥发）的挑战，从而导致产品可靠性问题。在此，我们提出了一种简单且可扩展的涂层策略，可以在不牺牲母粉（或床粉）的情况下有效地烧结LLZO。我们发现，在LLZO电解质上涂覆的多功能Li-Al-O化合物有效地促进了烧结过程，同时减轻了高温烧结时锂的损失，得到了高密度（98.2%）的烧结球团，具有高离子电导率（8.82 × 10−4 S cm−1）和低电子电导率（7.59 × 10−10 S cm−1）。由于晶界上分布着亲石性的Li-Al-O化合物，制备的球团在与锂金属的界面处表现出显著增强的临界电流密度和低的电荷转移电阻。该策略的实际可行性进一步展示了高质量颗粒的制造，大尺寸可达16平方厘米（烧结后）。我们期望这种简单而有效的策略，包括多功能试剂，同时设计材料及其制造过程，加速固态氧化物电解质烧结的技术进步，走向商业化。

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引用次数: 0

Unprecedently radiation-tolerant Al alloys via vacancy-mediated anomalous solid-state phase transformation 通过空位介导的异常固相转变获得前所未有的耐辐射铝合金

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.002

Shenghua Wu , Bin Chen , Xuezhou Wang , Fuzhu Liu , Hang Xue , Chong Yang , Peng Zhang , Jinyu Zhang , Yuqing Wang , Shengwu Guo , Yong Peng , Gang Liu , Yanjun Li , Alexis Deschamps , Jijun Yang , Guang Ran , Anmin Nie , Jun Sun

Vacancies play a critical role in diffusion-dominated solid-state phase transformations of materials. A classical paradigm of physical metallurgy is that quenched-in excess vacancies are tuned to regulate the precipitation hardening in lightweight aluminum alloys. Here we demonstrate that a vacancy-alloying effect, whereby a high concentration of vacancies induced by in-situ TEM heating or ion irradiation, completely overturns the traditional precipitation sequence in Al-Cu alloys microalloyed with Sc. An anomalous phase transformation appears via a spinodal decomposition process with L1₀-Al₂Cu₂ phase as the product nanoprecipitate and the traditional precipitation sequence turning GP zones into θ′′ and θ′ precipitates is reversed. The vacancy-triggered spinodal decomposition is capable of absorbing and stabilizing vacancies continually, enabling the minor Sc-added Al-Cu alloys to reach an unprecedented resistance to void swelling or ductility degradation, even irradiated to 100 dpa. We envisage that the anomalous vacancy-accommodating phase transformation may pave a way for the development of advanced radiation-resistant metallic alloys with promising applications in nuclear industry and space missions.

空位在材料的扩散相变中起着至关重要的作用。物理冶金的一个经典范例是调节淬火多余的空位来调节轻质铝合金的沉淀硬化。本研究表明，原位TEM加热或离子辐照引起的高浓度空位效应完全颠覆了Sc微合金化Al-Cu合金的传统析出顺序。通过spinodal分解过程出现异常相变，L10-Al2Cu2相成为产物纳米沉淀，传统的沉淀顺序由GP区转变为θ”和θ’相。空位引发的旋多分解能够持续吸收和稳定空位，使少量添加sc的Al-Cu合金即使辐照到100dpa，也能达到前所未有的抗空洞膨胀或延性退化的能力。我们设想，这种异常的可容纳空位的相变可能为开发先进的抗辐射金属合金铺平道路，该合金在核工业和太空任务中具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Membrane-camouflaged CRISPR/Cas9-customized nanomedicine sensitizing chemo-resistance for highly effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma 膜伪装CRISPR/ cas9定制纳米药物增敏化疗耐药高效治疗肝癌

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.027

Zideng Dai , Bicheng Han , Xue Li , Yutong Zhu , Ming Ma , Hongbo Zhang , Hangrong Chen

Drug resistance in malignant tumor is one of the main causes of clinical oncology treatment failure. Herein, a novel biomimetic nanogel system coated by Hep-G2 tumor cell membrane with co-loading of sorafenib (SF) and the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid (coding the Cas9 protein and the sgRNA for targeting RAF-1), named as CM-NGs-CD@SF (CNCS), was developed to enhance efficacy for precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy and inhibit SF resistance. The camouflage of homologous targeting tumor cell membrane on the outer surface of nanogel is helpful for enhancing tumor-targeting activity (∼2.5-fold). The obtained nanogel system enables quick degradation to release CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and SF upon triggered by the GSH overexpressed in tumor region. More importantly, the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid could down-regulate RAF-1 expression at the genomic level, meanwhile to synergize with the SF-activated RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, thus significantly enhancing the sensitivity of SF while precisely initiating apoptosis. The in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that this CNCS system could greatly improve the transfection efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and effectively reducing the expression of RAF-1 genes/proteins. The transcriptome further reveals the therapeutic mechanisms by which CNCS inhibit tumor growth and splenomegaly. This multi-functionalized nanogel design based on the combination of GSH smart response and CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides an important reference for the treatment of HCC.

恶性肿瘤耐药是临床肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因之一。本文开发了一种新型仿生纳米凝胶系统CM-NGs-CD@SF (CNCS)，该系统由Hep-G2肿瘤细胞膜包被，共负载sorafenib （SF）和CRISPR/Cas9质粒（编码Cas9蛋白和靶向RAF-1的sgRNA），以提高精确治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）的疗效并抑制SF耐药性。同源靶向肿瘤细胞膜在纳米凝胶外表面的伪装有助于提高肿瘤靶向活性（约2.5倍）。所获得的纳米凝胶体系能够在肿瘤区域过表达的GSH触发下快速降解释放CRISPR/Cas9质粒和SF。更重要的是，CRISPR/Cas9质粒可以在基因组水平下调RAF-1的表达，同时与SF激活的RAF/MEK/ERK通路协同作用，从而在精确启动凋亡的同时显著增强SF的敏感性。体外和体内实验结果证实，该CNCS系统可以大大提高CRISPR/Cas9质粒的转染效率，并有效降低RAF-1基因/蛋白的表达。转录组进一步揭示了CNCS抑制肿瘤生长和脾肿大的治疗机制。这种基于GSH智能应答与CRISPR/Cas9技术相结合的多功能纳米凝胶设计为HCC的治疗提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Shining under stress: hybrid coordination polymer as a multifunctional solution for mechanoluminochromic materials 在应力下发光：作为机械致发光材料多功能解决方案的杂化配位聚合物

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.034

E. Contini , L. Contini , L. Gatti , F. Mongioì , D. Fazzi , T.M. Brugo , D. Genovese , L. Maini , C. Gualandi

Mechanochromic materials are studied as optical probes for mechanical stress in self-diagnostic devices. They rely on mechanoresponsive components undergoing structural changes (e.g. bond cleavage, conformational change, supramolecular rearrangement) upon application of a mechanical force. Depending on the active component, the state-of-the-art approaches face significant limitations: scarce optical changes, difficulty in detecting low stresses and deformation, response limited to specific deformation modes, and some lack scalability. This study proposes the use of mechanoluminochromic copper (I) iodide-based hybrid coordination polymers as a scalable and universal solution to achieve mechanoluminochromism across various polymer types and sensitivity to all deformation modes. [(CuI)3-Br-py]_n is used as additive for developing highly sensitive mechanoluminochromic polymeric materials responding to both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical stresses, including tensile, compression, impact, and scratching. The strong and persistent mechanoluminochromic response is found to linearly correlate to the strain (under tensile deformation) and to the force (under impact), independent from the additive concentration, and tunable by the polymer matrix features.

研究了机械致变色材料作为自诊断装置中机械应力的光学探头。它们依赖于在机械力的作用下发生结构变化（如键解理、构象变化、超分子重排）的机械反应性组分。根据主动元件的不同，最先进的方法面临着显著的局限性：缺乏光学变化，难以检测低应力和变形，响应仅限于特定的变形模式，以及一些缺乏可扩展性。本研究提出使用基于碘化铜(I)的杂化配位聚合物作为一种可扩展和通用的解决方案，以实现各种聚合物类型的机械致色性和对所有变形模式的敏感性。[(CuI)3-Br-py]n用作添加剂，用于开发对面内和面外机械应力（包括拉伸、压缩、冲击和划伤）均有响应的高灵敏度机械致光变色聚合物材料。强而持久的机械光致变色响应与应变（在拉伸变形下）和力（在冲击下）线性相关，与添加剂浓度无关，并可通过聚合物基质特征进行调节。

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