Materials Today最新文献_第3页

Multimodal sensing-computing devices: Toward a new paradigm for embodied intelligence 多模态感知计算设备：走向具身智能的新范式

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103223

Chenhui Xu , Tong Zheng , Xinkai Xie , Zhuoran Wang , Qiongfeng Shi , Guozhen Shen , Jun Wu

As artificial intelligence systems advance in efficiency, power economy, and greater autonomy, the conventional separated architecture of sensing and computing modules can no longer meet the demands of real-time response in complex environments. Multimodal sensing-computing devices (MSCDs) offer a promising technological pathway for embodied intelligent systems, merging multi-source signal perception, data preprocessing, and neuromorphic computation within a single physical platform. This review systematically outlines recent advances in multimodal perception and neuromorphic computing, with a focus on the contrast between unimodal and multimodal perception mechanisms, as well as strategies for multimodal data fusion and decoupling. Furthermore, it explores the structural design and cross-modal coupling mechanisms of MSCDs. Representative applications of such integrated systems are also surveyed across various domains, including embodied intelligent robots, wearable electronics, bionic prosthetics, and multimodal scene recognition. By analyzing the advantages and limitations of existing technologies, this article identifies critical directions for achieving low power consumption, high integration, and adaptive learning capabilities. MSCDs not only provide new insights into the hardware realization of artificial intelligence but also lay the solid foundation for constructing embodied intelligent systems that can perceive, interpret, and co-evolve with their environments.

随着人工智能系统在效率、功耗和自主性方面的不断进步，传统的传感和计算模块分离架构已经不能满足复杂环境下的实时响应需求。多模态传感计算设备（mscd）为嵌入式智能系统提供了一条有前途的技术途径，将多源信号感知、数据预处理和神经形态计算融合在一个物理平台中。本文系统地概述了多模态感知和神经形态计算的最新进展，重点介绍了单模态和多模态感知机制的对比，以及多模态数据融合和解耦的策略。进一步探讨了mscd的结构设计和跨模态耦合机理。这种集成系统的代表性应用也在各个领域进行了调查，包括嵌入式智能机器人、可穿戴电子产品、仿生假肢和多模态场景识别。通过分析现有技术的优点和局限性，本文确定了实现低功耗、高集成度和自适应学习能力的关键方向。mscd不仅为人工智能的硬件实现提供了新的见解，而且为构建能够感知、解释和与环境共同进化的具身智能系统奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming a general design strategy into elastomer-crosslinked hybrid hydrogels with co-constructed hydrophobic–hydrophilic networks for electronic skin 将一般设计策略转化为具有共构疏亲水网络的电子皮肤弹性体-交联杂化水凝胶

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103196

Zhangjie Luo , Yiying Li , Xingyu Liu , Qiang Chen , Chunmei Ding , Jie Zheng , Hong Chen , Jianshu Li

Water-rich hydrogels closely mimic human tissues, offering excellent biocompatibility, yet they often fall short in mechanical strength. Conversely, hydrophobic elastomers possess superior mechanical robustness and durability but typically lack the necessary biocompatibility for many medical applications. Conventional design strategies often struggle to integrate hydrophilic hydrogels and hydrophobic elastomers into a single material entity due to their inherently incompatible natures. Here, we introduce a universal synthesis strategy for simultaneously constructing hydrophobic elastomer and hydrophilic hydrogel networks, creating macroscopically homogeneous, tough elastomer-crosslinked hybrid (TECH) hydrogels. These hybrids exhibit superior mechanical strength and self-recovery, efficient energy dissipation and mechanical enhancement through the reversible deformation of robust elastomer microspheres. Importantly, this design strategy allows for the creation of a diverse family of TECH gels, combining various elastomers and hydrogels, all of which exhibit high sensitivity, durability, and precise motion detection, making them ideal for wearable strain sensors and electronic skin in advanced robotics. This work introduces a straightforward yet innovative approach to develop hybrid elastomer-hydrogel systems, traditionally incompatible, by integrating multiple functionalities of enhanced durability, adaptability, and sensitivity, suitable for flexible electronics, robotics, and biomedical devices, significantly advancing materials design and expanding their application scopes.

富含水分的水凝胶与人体组织非常相似，具有良好的生物相容性，但它们的机械强度往往不足。相反，疏水性弹性体具有优异的机械坚固性和耐久性，但通常缺乏许多医疗应用所需的生物相容性。由于亲水性水凝胶和疏水性弹性体固有的不相容性质，传统的设计策略往往难以将它们整合到一个单一的材料实体中。在这里，我们介绍了一种通用的合成策略，可以同时构建疏水弹性体和亲水凝胶网络，从而生成宏观上均匀、坚韧的弹性体交联杂化（TECH）水凝胶。这些混合材料表现出优异的机械强度和自我恢复能力，有效的能量耗散和通过鲁棒弹性体微球的可逆变形而增强的机械性能。重要的是，这种设计策略允许创建多样化的TECH凝胶家族，结合各种弹性体和水凝胶，所有这些都具有高灵敏度，耐用性和精确的运动检测，使其成为先进机器人中可穿戴应变传感器和电子皮肤的理想选择。这项工作介绍了一种简单而创新的方法来开发混合弹性体-水凝胶系统，传统上不兼容，通过集成增强耐用性，适应性和灵敏度的多种功能，适用于柔性电子，机器人和生物医学设备，显著推进材料设计并扩大其应用范围。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorinated lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery enables high-fidelity base editing for therapeutic reversal of hereditary tyrosinemia 氟化脂质纳米颗粒介导的mRNA递送使高保真碱基编辑能够用于遗传性酪氨酸血症的治疗逆转

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103189

Jia Lv , Lei Yang , Xi Chen , Jin Zhang , Zhan Li , Jianan Duan , Tianai Zhang , Yiwen Li , Dali Li , Yiyun Cheng

Intracellular delivery of base editors shows great promise for the treatment of genetic diseases caused by single-base mutations. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a promising non-viral system for delivering single-base editor mRNA, the efficacy has been limited by inefficient endosomal escape and instability. To address these challenges, we engineered a fluorolipid-enhanced LNP system that synergizes fluorolipid-mediated endosomal escape with high nanoparticle stability. The optimized formulation demonstrated a significant improvement in the delivery of mRNA to the liver compared to conventional LNPs. Capitalizing on this system, we delivered haA3A-CBE-VA mRNA, a high-fidelity base editor optimized for methylated and GC-rich genomic regions to correct the pathogenic A-to-G mutation at the start codon of Fah in a hereditary tyrosinemia type I mouse model. This intervention restored functional Fah protein expression, rescued disease phenotypes including progressive weight loss and hepatocyte necrosis, and eliminated detectable off-target edits. Our findings establish fluorinated LNPs as an efficient and promising tool for mRNA delivery to enable precision base editing.

碱基编辑器的细胞内递送在治疗由单碱基突变引起的遗传疾病方面显示出巨大的希望。虽然脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）代表了一种很有前途的非病毒系统，用于传递单碱基编辑器mRNA，但其功效受到内体逃逸效率低和不稳定性的限制。为了解决这些挑战，我们设计了一种氟脂增强的LNP系统，该系统将氟脂介导的内体逃逸与高纳米颗粒稳定性协同作用。与传统LNPs相比，优化后的配方在mRNA向肝脏的递送方面有显著改善。利用该系统，我们传递了haA3A-CBE-VA mRNA，这是一种高保真碱基编辑器，针对甲基化和富含gc的基因组区域进行了优化，以纠正遗传性酪氨酸血症I型小鼠模型中Fah起始密码子上的致病性a -to- g突变。这种干预恢复了功能性Fah蛋白的表达，挽救了疾病表型，包括进行性体重减轻和肝细胞坏死，并消除了可检测到的脱靶编辑。我们的研究结果表明，氟化LNPs是一种高效且有前途的mRNA递送工具，可以实现精确的碱基编辑。

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引用次数: 0

Turing absorbers: The natural decoding bionic micropatterns for boosting interfacial dipole and microwave response 图灵吸收剂：用于增强界面偶极子和微波响应的自然解码仿生微模式

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.01.005

Chunhua Sun , Ning Liu , Yongchao Rao , Yongpeng Wu , Pengxu Chen , Haiyan Zhuang , Yukui Gao , Fei Pan , Wei Lu

Periodic and quasi-periodic architectures inspired by natural micropatterns can regulate microwaves at subwavelength scales, opening new avenues for next-generation electronic functional materials in the 5G/6G era. Among them, Turing patterns—ubiquitous quasi-periodic motifs in nature—offer unique opportunities for wave manipulation, yet chemically encoding such ordered but nonperiodic architectures into solids remains a formidable challenge. Here, we translate this concept to chalcogenides by imprinting Turing order into CoSe₂-Ag₂Se nanoribbons via a reaction–diffusion-guided cation exchange, which leverages the distinct diffusion kinetics of Ag⁺ and Co²⁺. The resulting structures feature periodic peak-valley heterointerfaces and dense, coherent nanotwins as dominant planar defects. Density functional theory (DFT) and differential phase-contrast STEM (DPC-STEM) analyses reveal that nanotwins increase the density of states near the Fermi level and modulate the CoSe₂ work function, thereby reversing interfacial charge distribution and enlarging the work-function offset with Ag₂Se. These electronic-structure reconfigurations enrich interfacial dipoles and enhance Maxwell-Wagner polarization, while twin boundaries facilitate rapid charge transport toward the heterointerface. Consequently, the Turing-architected absorber exhibits a fivefold enhancement in high-frequency dielectric loss and achieves a minimum reflection loss of −43.3 dB with ≈99.995 % microwave absorption at a 1.5 mm matching thickness. This work establishes a spatiotemporal, structure-first paradigm for programmable heterointerfaces, providing a powerful complement to traditional composition-centric design strategies in electromagnetic materials.

受自然微模式启发的周期和准周期架构可以在亚波长尺度上调节微波，为5G/6G时代的下一代电子功能材料开辟了新的途径。其中，图灵图案——自然界中无处不在的准周期图案——为波操纵提供了独特的机会，然而，用化学方法将这种有序但非周期的结构编码成固体，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。在这里，我们通过反应扩散引导阳离子交换将图灵顺序印迹到CoSe2-Ag2Se纳米带中，从而利用Ag+和Co2+不同的扩散动力学，将这一概念转化为硫族化合物。所得到的结构具有周期性峰谷异质界面和密集的纳米孪晶为主要的平面缺陷。密度泛函理论（DFT）和差相对比STEM （DPC-STEM）分析表明，纳米孪晶增加了费米能级附近的态密度，并调节了CoSe2的功函数，从而逆转了界面电荷分布，扩大了与Ag2Se的功函数偏移。这些电子结构重构丰富了界面偶极子，增强了麦克斯韦-瓦格纳极化，而孪晶边界促进了电荷向异质界面的快速输运。因此，图灵结构的吸收器在高频介质损耗方面提高了5倍，在1.5 mm匹配厚度下，反射损耗最小为- 43.3 dB，微波吸收率为≈99.995%。这项工作为可编程异质接口建立了一个时空、结构优先的范式，为电磁材料中传统的以成分为中心的设计策略提供了有力的补充。

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引用次数: 0

Deep-Penetrating Mechano-Optics: Autonomous NIR signaling for Bio-Implant surveillance 深穿机械光学：生物植入物监测的自主近红外信号

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103208

Yunfeng Fang , Yuanyuan Dou , Yuhe Shao , Mingyue Chen , Fenglong Sun , Zhen Song , Quanlin Liu

The development of near-infrared (NIR) mechanoluminescent materials that operate autonomously without external excitation is crucial for deep-tissue biomechanical sensing but remains challenging due to the scarcity of efficient, long-wavelength emitting systems. Herein, we report a highly efficient, self-recoverable NIR-I mechanoluminescent material based on Cr³⁺-doped MgNb₂O₆. Through strategic Li⁺ co-doping for charge compensation, we achieved a 2.75-fold enhancement in mechanoluminescent intensity. The optimized phosphor exhibits broadband emission centered at 880 nm, representing one of the longest wavelengths reported for Cr³⁺-activated mechanoluminescent systems. This deep-penetrating NIR-I emission enables detectable mechano-optical signaling through up to 10 mm of biological tissue. Leveraging this capability, we design a proof-of-concept application as a smart, mechano-responsive liner for in situ monitoring of implant kinematics and positioning accuracy in total knee arthroplasty. This work not only introduces a high-performance NIR-I mechanoluminescent material but also opens new avenues for real-time, non-invasive surveillance of bio-implants and deep-tissue biomechanics.

在没有外界激励的情况下自主工作的近红外（NIR）机械发光材料的发展对于深层组织生物力学传感至关重要，但由于缺乏高效的长波发射系统，仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们报道了一种基于Cr3+掺杂MgNb2O6的高效，自恢复的NIR-I机械发光材料。通过Li+共掺杂进行电荷补偿，我们实现了2.75倍的机械发光强度增强。优化后的荧光粉显示出以880 nm为中心的宽带发射，这是Cr3+激活的机械发光系统中报道的最长波长之一。这种深穿透NIR-I发射可以通过10毫米的生物组织检测到机械光信号。利用这种能力，我们设计了一个概念验证应用程序，作为一个智能的，机械响应的衬垫，用于全膝关节置换术中植入物运动学和定位精度的原位监测。这项工作不仅引入了高性能的NIR-I机械发光材料，而且为生物植入物和深层组织生物力学的实时、无创监测开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Tunable atomically precise metal nanoclusters for sustainable electro- and photo-catalysis 可调谐的原子精密金属纳米团簇，用于可持续的电催化和光催化

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103212

Lizhong He , Tingting Dong , Jian Lu , Qichun Zhang

In recent years, various electro- and photocatalysts with exceptional performance in renewable energy conversion have emerged as promising candidates for addressing escalating energy demands and environmental challenges. However, a comprehensive understanding of their catalytic mechanisms remains limited due to the complex compositions and structures of conventional catalysts. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (MNCs), such as gold, silver, and their alloys, have demonstrated significant advances in catalysis owing to their well-defined and tunable geometric and electronic structures, high atom utilization efficiency, and peripheral capping ligands. Unlike their bulk counterparts, ligand-protected MNCs possess precise molecular formulas and atomic structures, enabling rational design strategies to optimize catalytic activity and selectivity for specific reactions while providing detailed insights into the relationship between catalytic performance and structure/composition at the atomic level. In this review, the synthetic methods for MNCs are systematically explicated, followed by a detailed discussion of the electrochemical gap associated with their electronic structures. Subsequently, recent advances in the applications of MNCs in important catalytic reactions are comprehensively summarized, with particular emphasis on their electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), and electrochemical nitrogen fixation (ENF), as well as their photocatalytic performance in pollutant degradation, water splitting, CO₂ reduction, N₂ fixation, singlet oxygen generation, and oxidation reactions. We discuss the key factors influencing electro- and photocatalytic performance, including size, shape, composition, charge, ligands, and support materials, while exploring the underlying electro- and photo-catalytic mechanisms. Finally, the major challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly evolving field are highlighted.

近年来，各种在可再生能源转换中具有优异性能的电和光催化剂已成为解决不断增长的能源需求和环境挑战的有希望的候选者。然而，由于传统催化剂的复杂组成和结构，对其催化机理的全面了解仍然有限。原子精密金属纳米团簇（MNCs），如金、银及其合金，由于其定义明确、可调谐的几何和电子结构、高原子利用率和外围盖层配体，在催化方面取得了重大进展。与它们的大体积对应物不同，配体保护的MNCs具有精确的分子式和原子结构，能够合理地设计策略来优化特定反应的催化活性和选择性，同时在原子水平上详细了解催化性能与结构/组成之间的关系。在这篇综述中，系统地阐述了MNCs的合成方法，然后详细讨论了与其电子结构相关的电化学间隙。随后，综述了近年来MNCs在重要催化反应中的应用进展，重点介绍了MNCs在析氢反应（HER）、析氧反应（OER）、氧还原反应（ORR）、电化学CO2还原反应（CO2RR）、电化学固氮反应（ENF）等方面的电催化性能，以及MNCs在污染物降解、水分解、CO2还原等方面的光催化性能。N2固定，单线态氧气生成和氧化反应。我们讨论了影响电和光催化性能的关键因素，包括尺寸、形状、组成、电荷、配体和支撑材料，同时探索了潜在的电和光催化机制。最后，强调了这一快速发展领域的主要挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of charges and redox sites for advancing artificial photosynthesis of H2, H2O2, and CO2-to-multiproducts 推进H2、H2O2和co2合成多产物人工光合作用的电荷动力学和氧化还原位点

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103194

Malik Zeeshan Shahid , Yueyi Cui , Xiaowen Ruan , Xiaoqiang Cui

The artificial photosynthesis of value-added products (particularly H₂, H₂O₂, and multiple chemicals from CO₂) offers a potential solution to energy and environmental challenges. The efficiency of artificial photosynthesis highly depends on the dynamics of the charge carriers and redox sites (termed D-CC-RS) in the reactor system. However, the coexistence, complex nature, and abrupt interplay between D-CC-RS and redox mechanisms necessitate an in-depth elucidation, especially on how these can be tuned towards desired redox reactions for future research. Herein, we assess, segregate and demonstrate D-CC-RS interaction with the redox mechanism, offering in-depth guidelines towards the required product. Typically, after featuring the importance of D-CC-RS in targeted reactions, we depict exclusive engineering techniques to pinpoint the enhanced D-CC-RS in discrete materials with their activity trend. Finally, the challenges, solutions, required transition from lab to industry, and outlook are depicted with a focus on D-CC-RS. Unlike reported literature, this review aims to address the persistent research challenge of elucidating the coexistence and uncontrollability of D-CC-RS, which results in varied reaction mechanisms and products, thus providing a timely yet extended understanding for advancing material design and artificial photosynthesis.

增值产品（特别是H2、H2O2和二氧化碳中的多种化学物质）的人工光合作用为解决能源和环境挑战提供了一个潜在的解决方案。人工光合作用的效率在很大程度上取决于反应器系统中电荷载体和氧化还原位点（称为D-CC-RS）的动力学。然而，D-CC-RS与氧化还原机制之间的共存、复杂性和突然相互作用需要深入阐明，特别是如何将这些机制调整为未来研究所需的氧化还原反应。在此，我们评估、分离并证明了D-CC-RS与氧化还原机制的相互作用，为所需产品提供了深入的指导。通常，在描述了D-CC-RS在靶向反应中的重要性之后，我们描述了独特的工程技术，以确定离散材料中增强的D-CC-RS及其活性趋势。最后，以D-CC-RS为重点，描述了挑战、解决方案、从实验室到工业所需的过渡以及前景。与文献报道不同的是，本综述旨在解决长期存在的研究挑战，即阐明D-CC-RS共存和不可控，从而导致不同的反应机制和产物，从而为推进材料设计和人工光合作用提供及时而广泛的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced intelligent E-Skin: Multimodal sensing to AI-Driven clinical monitoring 先进的智能电子皮肤：多模态传感到人工智能驱动的临床监测

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103211

Zhenbo Yu , Jian Feng , Weiyuan Dou , Xiangmei Ge , Dixin He , Meng Zhang , Hanchi Wang , Yanmin Zhou

As the process of population aging and growing awareness of personal health gains pace across the world, there has been an increasing need to have devices that can monitor in real-time and long-term monitoring of human health conditions. Nevertheless, traditional wearable products are usually passive forms of “data loggers”. They are confronted with physical and technical bottlenecks, which restrain their accuracy, continuity, and real-time performance. This means that their AI-based feedback is still basic, which cannot provide in-depth, diagnostic-grade, and personalized health management solutions. This has created a huge gap between these devices and real medical-grade monitoring that can intervene in health proactively. Electronic skin (e-skin) is a flexible bionic-based machine designed to simulate the sensory mechanisms of the human skin; the device possesses excellent sensing, flexibility, and compatibility with the body. E-skin has shown a great potential in health management, personalized medicine, disease prevention and treatment in recent years, drawing extensive attention. With the help of e-skin, continuous monitoring of health indicators over a long period will be possible, providing a new approach for early disease diagnosis and intervention. E-skin can be integrated with 5G, Wi-Fi, and the Medical Internet of Things (IoT) with the facilitation of intelligent computing, big data, algorithms, and human–computer interaction technologies in the framework of “AI + Smart Healthcare”, providing more efficient and accessible smart healthcare services to individuals, families, and communities. The intelligent paradigm shift will dawn a revolutionary era, where patients will receive more timely, personalized and efficient medical support. The present paper provides an overall discussion of critical properties of the e-skin health monitoring devices to detect real-time and long-term monitoring and deeply discusses transduction mechanisms of health monitoring and finally lists the corresponding physiological indicators, AI-based signal processing methods, and clinical diagnostics. Last but not least, we discuss the existing challenges and prospective studies in this area.

随着全球人口老龄化进程和个人健康意识的增强，人们越来越需要能够实时和长期监测人类健康状况的设备。然而，传统的可穿戴产品通常是被动形式的“数据记录器”。它们面临着物理和技术瓶颈，限制了它们的准确性、连续性和实时性。这意味着他们基于人工智能的反馈仍然是基础的，无法提供深入的、诊断级的和个性化的健康管理解决方案。这在这些设备和真正的医疗级监测之间造成了巨大的差距，医疗级监测可以主动干预健康。电子皮肤（e-skin）是一种灵活的仿生学机器，旨在模拟人类皮肤的感觉机制；该装置具有出色的传感、灵活性和与人体的兼容性。近年来，电子皮肤在健康管理、个性化医疗、疾病预防和治疗等方面显示出巨大潜力，受到广泛关注。在电子皮肤的帮助下，长期持续监测健康指标将成为可能，为疾病的早期诊断和干预提供了一种新的方法。E-skin可以在“AI +智慧医疗”的框架下，借助智能计算、大数据、算法、人机交互等技术，与5G、Wi-Fi、医疗物联网（IoT）相结合，为个人、家庭、社区提供更高效、更便捷的智慧医疗服务。智能模式的转变将开启一个革命性的时代，患者将获得更及时、个性化和高效的医疗支持。本文全面论述了电子皮肤健康监测设备检测实时和长期监测的关键特性，深入探讨了健康监测的转导机制，最后列举了相应的生理指标、基于人工智能的信号处理方法和临床诊断方法。最后，我们讨论了该领域存在的挑战和未来的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Embedded 3D printing: material-structure-function deep integration 嵌入式3D打印：材料-结构-功能深度融合

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103227

Hao Yi , Zenan Niu , Huajun Cao , Jun Luo , Jia An , Chee Kai Chua

Embedded 3D printing (EMB-3DP) offers a versatile approach for the integrated fabrication of end-use components featuring innovative architectures and multi-material configurations, meeting the growing demands of advanced sectors including flexible electronics, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and microfluidic systems. However, fragmented research across materials, structure, and function has impeded the translation of EMB-3DP from laboratory demonstrations to practical applications. Material-structure–function deep integration emerges as a strategic direction for EMB-3DP, providing a pathway to overcome current limitations and accelerate industrial translation. This review synthesizes representative progress since the advent of EMB-3DP, from the perspectives of process, materials, structure, and function, with particular emphasis on key challenges and future directions. We further articulate an academic perspective that positions EMB-3DP as a promising platform for achieving material-structure–function deep integration, and provide systematic solutions to the extensive challenges of additive manufacturing. Material-structure–function deep integration represents a transformative paradigm that guides design and forming strategies in additive manufacturing and supports its technological advancement and sustainable development.

嵌入式3D打印（EMB-3DP）为集成制造具有创新架构和多材料配置的最终用途组件提供了一种通用方法，满足了包括柔性电子、生物医学工程、软机器人和微流体系统在内的先进行业日益增长的需求。然而，材料、结构和功能方面的零散研究阻碍了EMB-3DP从实验室演示到实际应用的转化。材料-结构-功能深度整合成为EMB-3DP的战略方向，为克服当前的局限性和加速产业转化提供了一条途径。本文从工艺、材料、结构和功能等方面综述了自EMB-3DP出现以来的代表性进展，并特别强调了关键挑战和未来发展方向。我们进一步阐明了学术观点，将EMB-3DP定位为实现材料-结构-功能深度集成的有前途的平台，并为增材制造的广泛挑战提供系统的解决方案。材料-结构-功能深度集成代表了一种变革范式，它指导了增材制造的设计和成型策略，支持了增材制造的技术进步和可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators based on polar lubricating oils 基于极性润滑油的摩擦电纳米发电机的超高性能增强

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2026.103206

Siyang He , Zheng Yang , Jianlong Wang , Lu Dong , Hengyu Li , Jinbiao Ma , Yang Yu , Tinghai Cheng , Zhong Lin Wang , Xiaojun Cheng

As an emerging energy-harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are limited by challenges in output performance and durability. The introduction of lubricating oils offers an effective strategy to address these issues. However, the mechanisms by which lubricating oils with diverse physicochemical properties promote charge accumulation on solid surfaces remain unclear, thereby constraining further performance enhancement of TENGs. Here, we demonstrate that lubricating oils with polar functional groups can significantly enhance the performance of TENGs, breaking away from previous research frameworks focused solely on viscosity and dielectric constant. Through a systematic investigation of the performance enhancement mechanisms of TENGs by oils with different physicochemical properties, we propose a two-step charge transfer theory. Polar molecules undergo ionization and align under the influence of the triboelectric field, forming an ordered adsorption layer that promotes continuous charge accumulation until saturation. Based on these insights, a priority sequence for selecting lubricating oils is proposed to optimize TENGs performance. Using low-viscosity synthetic esters, the TENG achieves 5.3-fold and 24.9-fold enhancements in transferred charge and power density, respectively. This work deepens the theory of oil-solid contact electrification, provides a universal strategy for high-performance TENGs, and advances the application of TENGs in distributed sensor power supply for harsh environments.

摩擦电纳米发电机作为一种新兴的能量收集技术，其输出性能和耐用性受到限制。润滑油的引入为解决这些问题提供了有效的策略。然而，具有不同物理化学性质的润滑油促进固体表面电荷积聚的机制尚不清楚，从而限制了TENGs性能的进一步提高。在这里，我们证明了具有极性官能团的润滑油可以显著提高TENGs的性能，打破了以往仅关注粘度和介电常数的研究框架。通过系统研究不同理化性质的油类对TENGs性能的增强机理，提出了两步电荷转移理论。极性分子在摩擦电场的影响下电离并排列，形成有序的吸附层，促进连续电荷积累直到饱和。在此基础上，提出了润滑油选择的优先顺序，以优化TENGs的性能。使用低粘度合成酯，TENG的转移电荷密度和功率密度分别提高了5.3倍和24.9倍。本工作深化了油-固接触通电理论，为高性能TENGs提供了通用策略，推进了TENGs在恶劣环境分布式传感器电源中的应用。

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