Mehmet Baykut, İbrahim Yavuz, Şinasi Dübüş, Sema Ateş
Traktörler tarım sektöründe en yaygın kullanılan makinelerden biridir. Tarım sektöründe kazaların büyük bir bölümü traktörlerin devrilmesi ile oluşmaktadır. Devrildikten sonra sürücünün hayatta kalabilmesi için bazı pasif güvenlik tedbirlerinin alınması gerekmektedir. Özellikle kabinsiz traktörlerde ROPS (Roll-Over Protective Structure) adı verilen bu mekanizma ile devrilme esnasında sürücünün traktör altında kalması önlenebilmektedir. ROPS’lar farklı tasarımlarda olmakla birlikte yönetmelik gereği belirli standartlarda imalatı yapılması gerekmektedir. Yönetmelik gereği temel zorunluluk; öne monteli koruyucu yapının (ROPS) aktif konum ve pasif konumları sırasında operatörün (sürücünün) bu işlemleri gerçekleştirirken harcaması gereken kuvvetin belirli sınırlar altında olmasıdır. ROPS tasarımında; U koruma demirinin ROPS sol-sağ ayağa irtibatlanmasını sağlamak üzere en az bir mil bulunacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Böylece U koruma demirinin ROPS sol-sağ ayağa göre dönebilir şekilde irtibatlanması sağlanmaktadır. Tasarlanan öne monteli yardımcı destek sistemi olmayan koruyucu yapının üzerine yay mekanizması tasarımı ve imalatı eklenmiştir. Sisteme yerleştirilen yay sayesinde sürücünün bu işlem sırasında harcayacağı enerjiye destek görevi görerek, daha az kuvvet harcaması sağlanmıştır. Böylece bu mekanizma sayesinde ön koruyucu yapı, aktif konumdan pasif konuma geçirilirken veya tersi işlemlerde yönetmeliklerdeki sınır değerlerin altında kalacak seviyelerdeki kuvvetlere düşürülmüştür. Yönetmelikte ölçüm değerleri 1. Bölge, 2. Bölge, 3. Bölge için uygulanması gereken kuvvetler sırasıyla 100 N, 75 N ve 50 N olması gerekmektedir. Yay mekanizması olmayan tasarımda bu kuvvetler sırası ile 166.77 N, 156.97 N ve 127.53 N olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin yönetmelikteki sınırların çok üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Yay mekanizmalı ölçümlerde ise sırası ile 83.39 N, 68.67 N ve 39.24 N olarak tespit edilmiş olup yönetmelik sınırları altına düşürülmüştür. Sonuç olarak ROPS mekanizmaları, yönetmelik gereksinimleri sağlanarak kullanıcılar için daha az zaman kaybı ve kuvvet gereksinimi sağlayan bir sistem haline dönüştürülmüştür.
{"title":"Front Safety Mechanism Design and Manufacturing for Garden Tractors","authors":"Mehmet Baykut, İbrahim Yavuz, Şinasi Dübüş, Sema Ateş","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1056214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1056214","url":null,"abstract":"Traktörler tarım sektöründe en yaygın kullanılan makinelerden biridir. Tarım sektöründe kazaların büyük bir bölümü traktörlerin devrilmesi ile oluşmaktadır. Devrildikten sonra sürücünün hayatta kalabilmesi için bazı pasif güvenlik tedbirlerinin alınması gerekmektedir. Özellikle kabinsiz traktörlerde ROPS (Roll-Over Protective Structure) adı verilen bu mekanizma ile devrilme esnasında sürücünün traktör altında kalması önlenebilmektedir. ROPS’lar farklı tasarımlarda olmakla birlikte yönetmelik gereği belirli standartlarda imalatı yapılması gerekmektedir. Yönetmelik gereği temel zorunluluk; öne monteli koruyucu yapının (ROPS) aktif konum ve pasif konumları sırasında operatörün (sürücünün) bu işlemleri gerçekleştirirken harcaması gereken kuvvetin belirli sınırlar altında olmasıdır. ROPS tasarımında; U koruma demirinin ROPS sol-sağ ayağa irtibatlanmasını sağlamak üzere en az bir mil bulunacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Böylece U koruma demirinin ROPS sol-sağ ayağa göre dönebilir şekilde irtibatlanması sağlanmaktadır. Tasarlanan öne monteli yardımcı destek sistemi olmayan koruyucu yapının üzerine yay mekanizması tasarımı ve imalatı eklenmiştir. Sisteme yerleştirilen yay sayesinde sürücünün bu işlem sırasında harcayacağı enerjiye destek görevi görerek, daha az kuvvet harcaması sağlanmıştır. Böylece bu mekanizma sayesinde ön koruyucu yapı, aktif konumdan pasif konuma geçirilirken veya tersi işlemlerde yönetmeliklerdeki sınır değerlerin altında kalacak seviyelerdeki kuvvetlere düşürülmüştür. Yönetmelikte ölçüm değerleri 1. Bölge, 2. Bölge, 3. Bölge için uygulanması gereken kuvvetler sırasıyla 100 N, 75 N ve 50 N olması gerekmektedir. Yay mekanizması olmayan tasarımda bu kuvvetler sırası ile 166.77 N, 156.97 N ve 127.53 N olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin yönetmelikteki sınırların çok üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Yay mekanizmalı ölçümlerde ise sırası ile 83.39 N, 68.67 N ve 39.24 N olarak tespit edilmiş olup yönetmelik sınırları altına düşürülmüştür. Sonuç olarak ROPS mekanizmaları, yönetmelik gereksinimleri sağlanarak kullanıcılar için daha az zaman kaybı ve kuvvet gereksinimi sağlayan bir sistem haline dönüştürülmüştür.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121324837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) birçok kültür bitkisinde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara sebep olan fitofag zararlılardan biridir. T. urticae’nin mücadelesinde genellikle kimyasal kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak kimyasalların fazla miktarlarda ve uygun olmayan zaman ve dozlarda kullanımı, ürünler üzerinde kalıntı ve toksik etki bırakması nedeni ile birçok olumsuzluğa neden olmaktadır. Son zamanlarda bitkilerden elde edilen ekstraktların tarımsal zararlılar üzerindeki etki çalışmaları gün geçtikçe artmakta ve başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, portakal yağının ticari formülasyonu olan bir insektisitin farklı dozlarda T. urticae üzerindeki yumurta bırakma davranışına yönelik etkisi ve akarisidal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Denemeler laboratuvar şartlarında %65±10 nem ve 25±2°C sıcaklık koşullarında, fasulye yaprakları üzerinde, yaprak disk daldırma yöntemi ile 5 farklı uygulama dozu (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 ve 2 ml 100 ml-1 su) kullanılarak ve 5 tekerrür olarak yürütülmüştür. Gözlemler uygulamadan 1, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat sonra ölü ve canlı birey sayımları alınarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda T. urticae bireyleri üzerindeki en yüksek akarisit etkinin uygulamadan 96 saat sonra portakal yağının %2 konsantrasyonunda %75.56 ölüm oranı ile belirlenmiştir. 96. saat gözlemlerinde en düşük akarisit etki ise %20 ile %0.2’lik konsantrasyonda tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre çalışmada ele alınan portakal yağının konsantrasyon ve süresi arttıkça akarisit etkisinin de arttığı gözlenmiştir. Portakal yağı aktif maddeli insektisitin T. urticae’nin yumurta bırakma davranışı üzerindeki etkisine bakıldığında ise kullanılan insektisitin %2 konsantrasyonunda 96 saat sonunda 8.80±1.87 yumurta sayısı tespit edilirken aynı gözlem zamanında kontrol grubundaki yumurta sayısı 99.40±1.26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak portakal yağının T. urticae üzerinde sağladığı akarisidal etki, kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif bir mücadele etmeni olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
{"title":"Portakal Yağının Laboratuvar Koşullarında İki Noktalı Kırmızıörümcek, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Üzerine Akarisit Etkisi","authors":"İ. Yaşar, Şahin Kök, İ. Kasap","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1148184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1148184","url":null,"abstract":"Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) birçok kültür bitkisinde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara sebep olan fitofag zararlılardan biridir. T. urticae’nin mücadelesinde genellikle kimyasal kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak kimyasalların fazla miktarlarda ve uygun olmayan zaman ve dozlarda kullanımı, ürünler üzerinde kalıntı ve toksik etki bırakması nedeni ile birçok olumsuzluğa neden olmaktadır. Son zamanlarda bitkilerden elde edilen ekstraktların tarımsal zararlılar üzerindeki etki çalışmaları gün geçtikçe artmakta ve başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, portakal yağının ticari formülasyonu olan bir insektisitin farklı dozlarda T. urticae üzerindeki yumurta bırakma davranışına yönelik etkisi ve akarisidal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Denemeler laboratuvar şartlarında %65±10 nem ve 25±2°C sıcaklık koşullarında, fasulye yaprakları üzerinde, yaprak disk daldırma yöntemi ile 5 farklı uygulama dozu (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 ve 2 ml 100 ml-1 su) kullanılarak ve 5 tekerrür olarak yürütülmüştür. Gözlemler uygulamadan 1, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat sonra ölü ve canlı birey sayımları alınarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda T. urticae bireyleri üzerindeki en yüksek akarisit etkinin uygulamadan 96 saat sonra portakal yağının %2 konsantrasyonunda %75.56 ölüm oranı ile belirlenmiştir. 96. saat gözlemlerinde en düşük akarisit etki ise %20 ile %0.2’lik konsantrasyonda tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre çalışmada ele alınan portakal yağının konsantrasyon ve süresi arttıkça akarisit etkisinin de arttığı gözlenmiştir. Portakal yağı aktif maddeli insektisitin T. urticae’nin yumurta bırakma davranışı üzerindeki etkisine bakıldığında ise kullanılan insektisitin %2 konsantrasyonunda 96 saat sonunda 8.80±1.87 yumurta sayısı tespit edilirken aynı gözlem zamanında kontrol grubundaki yumurta sayısı 99.40±1.26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak portakal yağının T. urticae üzerinde sağladığı akarisidal etki, kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif bir mücadele etmeni olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127957579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Aydın, E. Özkan, Emel Kayali, Volkan Atav, M. A. Gürbüz, I. Kursun, İhsan Engin Kayhan
The aim of this study was to determine the differences and the importance of the differences in terms of some socio-economic factors and agricultural practices of the producers who had soil analysis in Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces and to evaluate the opinions of the producers about soil analysis and soil analysis subsidies. Three laboratories were selected among the laboratories with the highest number of sample acceptances for soil analysis in the provinces determined in the study. For each province, total of 60 producers who applied to the laboratories in 2015 and who utilized from soil analysis subsidies, and consequently, total of 120 producers were interviewed. The analysis of the differences of the producers who had soil analysis in Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces was determined by the regression tree model (CHAID analysis). According to the CHAID analysis, in which the provinces were taken as the dependent variable, it was seen that the first most distinctive feature was the state-supported agricultural insurance. Of the producers who stated that they did not have agricultural insurance, 31% were located in Edirne and 69% were located in Tekirdağ. It was seen that 56% of the producers in Edirne and 44% of the producers in Tekirdağ had agricultural insurance. The most important feature of the second node was the education level of the producers, the third sub-node decision point was whether the producers had training on fertilization, and the fourth decision point was whether the producers faced risks in agriculture in the last three years. The four most important reasons for the producers to have soil analysis in Edirne province were to increase the product yield, to reduce the cost, to increase product quality and protect the environment, respectively. In the province of Tekirdağ, the criteria of increasing the product yield was on the first rank, increasing the product quality in the second rank, reducing the cost in the third rank and protecting the environment in the fourth rank. It is expected that it will be beneficial to introduce soil analysis conditions to the producers at the stage of purchasing fertilizers, and thus to ensure that the producer purchases fertilizer by determining the type and amount of fertilizer to be disposed of according to the analysis results.
{"title":"Examination of Soil Analysis Applications and Soil Analysis Subsidies in terms of Producers in Edirne and Tekirdağ Provinces","authors":"B. Aydın, E. Özkan, Emel Kayali, Volkan Atav, M. A. Gürbüz, I. Kursun, İhsan Engin Kayhan","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1031958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1031958","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the differences and the importance of the differences in terms of some socio-economic factors and agricultural practices of the producers who had soil analysis in Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces and to evaluate the opinions of the producers about soil analysis and soil analysis subsidies. Three laboratories were selected among the laboratories with the highest number of sample acceptances for soil analysis in the provinces determined in the study. For each province, total of 60 producers who applied to the laboratories in 2015 and who utilized from soil analysis subsidies, and consequently, total of 120 producers were interviewed. The analysis of the differences of the producers who had soil analysis in Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces was determined by the regression tree model (CHAID analysis). According to the CHAID analysis, in which the provinces were taken as the dependent variable, it was seen that the first most distinctive feature was the state-supported agricultural insurance. Of the producers who stated that they did not have agricultural insurance, 31% were located in Edirne and 69% were located in Tekirdağ. It was seen that 56% of the producers in Edirne and 44% of the producers in Tekirdağ had agricultural insurance. The most important feature of the second node was the education level of the producers, the third sub-node decision point was whether the producers had training on fertilization, and the fourth decision point was whether the producers faced risks in agriculture in the last three years. The four most important reasons for the producers to have soil analysis in Edirne province were to increase the product yield, to reduce the cost, to increase product quality and protect the environment, respectively. In the province of Tekirdağ, the criteria of increasing the product yield was on the first rank, increasing the product quality in the second rank, reducing the cost in the third rank and protecting the environment in the fourth rank. It is expected that it will be beneficial to introduce soil analysis conditions to the producers at the stage of purchasing fertilizers, and thus to ensure that the producer purchases fertilizer by determining the type and amount of fertilizer to be disposed of according to the analysis results.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116439007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock in West Africa is an example of regional value chain development. It is essentially based on the trade in livestock between production areas and consumption centers. The livestock trade is an important economic activity in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities as it is their source of income. The livestock trade in these regions takes place at several sites, the best known of which are the livestock markets. Two different types of livestock market are investigated in this study. Self-managed livestock markets (Marché à Bétail Autogéré: MBA), are new models for marketing livestock in the Republic of Benin. Unlike traditional livestock markets (Marché à Bétail traditionnel: MT), MBAs offer several advantages to its participants by creating a platform where sellers and buyers can meet to trade without intermediaries. The absence of the intermediary system in the operation of MBA markets makes them different from MT markets. Because of their important role in rural development, MBAs have become the focus of policy makers and international development organizations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that affect farmers' participation in MBA markets. The study used primary data collected from face-to-face surveys of a random sample of 300 livestock farmers consisting of 150 respondents from the MBA and 150 respondents from the MT. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the Logistic Regression Analysis revealed that access to market information, payment type, cooperative partnership, beef cattle herd size, sheep herd size, goat herd size and farmland ownership have significant positive effects on MBA market participation, while distance to market has significant negative effects on MBA market participation. Improving these factors could increase the participation of livestock farmers in the MBAs in the Republic of Benin. This would increase their income and improve their living conditions. Knowledge of the factors influencing participation in MBA markets would also help stakeholders and policy makers in their decision making.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin","authors":"Oscar Akouegnonhou, N. Demirbaş","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1136780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock in West Africa is an example of regional value chain development. It is essentially based on the trade in livestock between production areas and consumption centers. The livestock trade is an important economic activity in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities as it is their source of income. The livestock trade in these regions takes place at several sites, the best known of which are the livestock markets. Two different types of livestock market are investigated in this study. Self-managed livestock markets (Marché à Bétail Autogéré: MBA), are new models for marketing livestock in the Republic of Benin. Unlike traditional livestock markets (Marché à Bétail traditionnel: MT), MBAs offer several advantages to its participants by creating a platform where sellers and buyers can meet to trade without intermediaries. The absence of the intermediary system in the operation of MBA markets makes them different from MT markets. Because of their important role in rural development, MBAs have become the focus of policy makers and international development organizations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that affect farmers' participation in MBA markets. The study used primary data collected from face-to-face surveys of a random sample of 300 livestock farmers consisting of 150 respondents from the MBA and 150 respondents from the MT. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the Logistic Regression Analysis revealed that access to market information, payment type, cooperative partnership, beef cattle herd size, sheep herd size, goat herd size and farmland ownership have significant positive effects on MBA market participation, while distance to market has significant negative effects on MBA market participation. Improving these factors could increase the participation of livestock farmers in the MBAs in the Republic of Benin. This would increase their income and improve their living conditions. Knowledge of the factors influencing participation in MBA markets would also help stakeholders and policy makers in their decision making.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115417125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermoacidophilic xylanase enzymes are mostly preferred for use as animal feed additives. In this study, we performed in silico phylogeny, sequence, structure, and enzyme-docked complex analyses of six thermoacidophilic GH11 xylanases belonging to various fungal species (Gymnopus androsaceus xylanase = GaXyl, Penicilliopsis zonata xylanase = PzXyl, Aspergillus neoniger xylanase = AnXyl, Calocera viscosa xylanase = CvXyl, Acidomyces richmondensis xylanase = ArXyl, Oidiodendron maius xylanase = OmXyl). To do this, amino acid sequences of six fungal thermoacidophilic GH11 xylanases, belonging to unreviewed protein entries in the UniProt/TrEMBL database, were investigated at molecular phylogeny and amino acid sequence levels. In addition, three-dimensional predicted enzyme models were built and then validated by using various bioinformatics programs computationally. The interactions between enzyme and the substrate were analyzed via docking program in the presence of two substrates (xylotetraose = X4 and xylopentaose = X5). According to molecular phylogeny analysis, three clusters of these enzymes occurred: the first group had PzXyl, AnXyl, and CvXyl, and the second group possessed GaXyl and OmXyl, and the third group included ArXyl. Multiple sequence alignment analysis demonstrated that the five xylanases (ArXyl, OmXyl, CvXyl, PzXyl, AnXyl) had longer N-terminal regions, indicating greater thermal stability, relative to the GaXyl. Homology modeling showed that all the predicted model structures were, to a great extent, conserved. Docking analysis results indicated that CvXyl, OmXyl, and AnXyl had higher binding efficiency to two substrates, compared to the GaXyl, PzXyl, and ArXyl xylanases, and CvXyl-X4 docked complex had the highest substrate affinity with a binding energy of -9.8 kCal/mol. CvXyl, OmXyl, and AnXyl enzymes commonly had arginine in B8 β-strand interacted with two substrates, different from the other enzymes having lower binding efficiency. As a result, it was concluded that the three thermoacidophilic xylanase enzymes might be better candidates as the animal feed additive.
{"title":"In Silico Phylogeny, Sequence and Structure Analyses of Fungal Thermoacidophilic GH11 Xylanases","authors":"Yusuf Sürmeli","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1155764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1155764","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoacidophilic xylanase enzymes are mostly preferred for use as animal feed additives. In this study, we performed in silico phylogeny, sequence, structure, and enzyme-docked complex analyses of six thermoacidophilic GH11 xylanases belonging to various fungal species (Gymnopus androsaceus xylanase = GaXyl, Penicilliopsis zonata xylanase = PzXyl, Aspergillus neoniger xylanase = AnXyl, Calocera viscosa xylanase = CvXyl, Acidomyces richmondensis xylanase = ArXyl, Oidiodendron maius xylanase = OmXyl). To do this, amino acid sequences of six fungal thermoacidophilic GH11 xylanases, belonging to unreviewed protein entries in the UniProt/TrEMBL database, were investigated at molecular phylogeny and amino acid sequence levels. In addition, three-dimensional predicted enzyme models were built and then validated by using various bioinformatics programs computationally. The interactions between enzyme and the substrate were analyzed via docking program in the presence of two substrates (xylotetraose = X4 and xylopentaose = X5). According to molecular phylogeny analysis, three clusters of these enzymes occurred: the first group had PzXyl, AnXyl, and CvXyl, and the second group possessed GaXyl and OmXyl, and the third group included ArXyl. Multiple sequence alignment analysis demonstrated that the five xylanases (ArXyl, OmXyl, CvXyl, PzXyl, AnXyl) had longer N-terminal regions, indicating greater thermal stability, relative to the GaXyl. Homology modeling showed that all the predicted model structures were, to a great extent, conserved. Docking analysis results indicated that CvXyl, OmXyl, and AnXyl had higher binding efficiency to two substrates, compared to the GaXyl, PzXyl, and ArXyl xylanases, and CvXyl-X4 docked complex had the highest substrate affinity with a binding energy of -9.8 kCal/mol. CvXyl, OmXyl, and AnXyl enzymes commonly had arginine in B8 β-strand interacted with two substrates, different from the other enzymes having lower binding efficiency. As a result, it was concluded that the three thermoacidophilic xylanase enzymes might be better candidates as the animal feed additive.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115292979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkey is in a very convenient position for animal husbandry in terms of both natural resources and ecological conditions. Forage crops, which has a very important place in agricultural activities, is the insurance of plant and animal production. Sainfoin is a perennial forage legume species that grown in the northern temperate regions of the world from the Mediterranean region and the Caucasus, and to Central Asia. In this study the genetic diversity of 100 genotypes representing 44 accessions from 18 different Onobrychis species (O. arenaria subsp. arenaria, O. inermis, O. petraea, O. cyri, O. iberica, O. altissima, O. vassilczenkoi, O. conferta subsp. argentea, O. alba subsp. laconica, O. biebersteinii, O. grandis, O. kachetica, O. kemulariae, O. oxyodonta, O. megataphros, O. pallasii, Onobrychis spp., and O. viciifolia) were evaluated using 8 simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) markers. Based on the results, OVK036, OVK094, OVK125, OVM033, OVK161, OVK046, OVM061, and OVK174 loci were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 6 to 21 alleles (mean of 11.625). Maximum allele frequency ranged from 0.51 to 0.93 with a mean value of 0.73. The PIC value ranged from 0.124 to 0.244. The mean polymorphism information content of loci was 0.188. Genetic diversity coefficients according to the UPGMA ranged from 0.000 to 0.9375. Cluster analysis divided the 100 sainfoin genotypes into two main groups (Cluster-I and Cluster-II). All diploid genotypes (except for 1 diploid genotype) used in the study formed a separate group within Cluster-I. The results revealed that SSR markers used in this study are useful for molecular characterization and assessing genetic diversity of sainfoin accessions. The obtained SSR alleles and genetic variability in a studied certain loci provided significant information about the genetic structure of sainfoin accessions that could be used as parental lines in sainfoin breeding programs.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Genetic Structure of Some Accessions Belonging to Onobrychis spp. Using Microsatellite DNA Markers","authors":"Elbi Cansu Yilmaz, Behiye Banu Bilgen, M. Tuna","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1141367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1141367","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey is in a very convenient position for animal husbandry in terms of both natural resources and ecological conditions. Forage crops, which has a very important place in agricultural activities, is the insurance of plant and animal production. Sainfoin is a perennial forage legume species that grown in the northern temperate regions of the world from the Mediterranean region and the Caucasus, and to Central Asia. In this study the genetic diversity of 100 genotypes representing 44 accessions from 18 different Onobrychis species (O. arenaria subsp. arenaria, O. inermis, O. petraea, O. cyri, O. iberica, O. altissima, O. vassilczenkoi, O. conferta subsp. argentea, O. alba subsp. laconica, O. biebersteinii, O. grandis, O. kachetica, O. kemulariae, O. oxyodonta, O. megataphros, O. pallasii, Onobrychis spp., and O. viciifolia) were evaluated using 8 simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) markers. Based on the results, OVK036, OVK094, OVK125, OVM033, OVK161, OVK046, OVM061, and OVK174 loci were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 6 to 21 alleles (mean of 11.625). Maximum allele frequency ranged from 0.51 to 0.93 with a mean value of 0.73. The PIC value ranged from 0.124 to 0.244. The mean polymorphism information content of loci was 0.188. Genetic diversity coefficients according to the UPGMA ranged from 0.000 to 0.9375. Cluster analysis divided the 100 sainfoin genotypes into two main groups (Cluster-I and Cluster-II). All diploid genotypes (except for 1 diploid genotype) used in the study formed a separate group within Cluster-I. The results revealed that SSR markers used in this study are useful for molecular characterization and assessing genetic diversity of sainfoin accessions. The obtained SSR alleles and genetic variability in a studied certain loci provided significant information about the genetic structure of sainfoin accessions that could be used as parental lines in sainfoin breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133576816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalleşen dünyanın en büyük ihtiyaçlarından biri de enerjidir. Bu sebeple Dünyada ve ülkemizde yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olan biyogaz tesislerinden enerji üretimi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Hayvansal kaynaklı hammaddeden biyogaz üretimi sonrasında katı ve sıvı gübre olmak üzere çeşitli çıktılar elde edilmektedir. Bu tesislerde üretilen gübrenin tarımda değerlendirilmesi gerek yatırım fizibilitesine gerekse çevreye verebileceği olası negatif etkisinden dolayı önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada mezofilik şartlarda çalışan 3 MW elektrik üretim kapasiteli bir yaş fermantasyon tesisinde biyogaz üretimi boyutlandırılmıştır. Biyogaz tesisinin hidrolik bekletme süresi olarak 34 gün seçilmiştir. Fermantasyon tankları ise sürekli karıştırmalı tank reaktörlerdir. Enerji eldesi için biyogaz motoru kullanılmıştır. Biyogaz tesisinde enerji eldesinin yanında ürün olarak katı ve sıvı gübre üretilmektedir. Biyogaz tesisinde üretilen katı gübrenin satılabilir forma dönüştürülebilmesi ve toprakta uygulandığında daha verimli olabilmesi için zenginleştirme işlemleri sıralanmıştır. Üretilen gübrenin 3 farklı şekilde değerlendirilebileceği göz önünde bulundurularak yapılabilirlik analizleri incelenmiştir. İlk opsiyonda üretilen gübre satılmadan direkt tarımda kullanıldığı, ikinci opsiyonda katı organik gübre olarak satıldığı, diğer opsiyonda ise içerisine gerekli ilaveler yapılarak organomineral gübre formuna dönüştürülüp satıldığı düşünülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında enerji üretiminin yanı sıra gübre satışının tesis fizibilitesine olan etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan hesaplamalar ışığında; tesislerin birim kW başına maliyetleri sırasıyla; 2.090 $/kWe, 3.726 $/kWe, 6.225 kWe olmaktadır. Yalnızca elektrik üretiminden gelir elde bir biyogaz tesisinin 6,01 yıl olan basit geri ödeme süresi, elektrik satışına ek organomineral gübre satışı ile 1,69 yıla indirgendiği tespit edilmiştir. Gübrenin organik gübre olarak satılması durumunda ise basit geri ödeme süresi 4,24 yıl olmuştur. Ancak, geri ödemesi süresinin azalmasına karşılık ilave olarak sisteme eklenecek diamonyumfosfat maliyeti biyogaz tesis maliyetlerini yaklaşık olarak %92,5 oranında artırdığı gözlenmiştir.
{"title":"Biyogaz Tesislerinde Üretilen Gübrenin Değerlendirilme Metotları ve Fizibiliteye Etkisi","authors":"Volkan Çoban","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1108221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1108221","url":null,"abstract":"Globalleşen dünyanın en büyük ihtiyaçlarından biri de enerjidir. Bu sebeple Dünyada ve ülkemizde yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olan biyogaz tesislerinden enerji üretimi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Hayvansal kaynaklı hammaddeden biyogaz üretimi sonrasında katı ve sıvı gübre olmak üzere çeşitli çıktılar elde edilmektedir. Bu tesislerde üretilen gübrenin tarımda değerlendirilmesi gerek yatırım fizibilitesine gerekse çevreye verebileceği olası negatif etkisinden dolayı önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada mezofilik şartlarda çalışan 3 MW elektrik üretim kapasiteli bir yaş fermantasyon tesisinde biyogaz üretimi boyutlandırılmıştır. Biyogaz tesisinin hidrolik bekletme süresi olarak 34 gün seçilmiştir. Fermantasyon tankları ise sürekli karıştırmalı tank reaktörlerdir. Enerji eldesi için biyogaz motoru kullanılmıştır. Biyogaz tesisinde enerji eldesinin yanında ürün olarak katı ve sıvı gübre üretilmektedir. Biyogaz tesisinde üretilen katı gübrenin satılabilir forma dönüştürülebilmesi ve toprakta uygulandığında daha verimli olabilmesi için zenginleştirme işlemleri sıralanmıştır. Üretilen gübrenin 3 farklı şekilde değerlendirilebileceği göz önünde bulundurularak yapılabilirlik analizleri incelenmiştir. İlk opsiyonda üretilen gübre satılmadan direkt tarımda kullanıldığı, ikinci opsiyonda katı organik gübre olarak satıldığı, diğer opsiyonda ise içerisine gerekli ilaveler yapılarak organomineral gübre formuna dönüştürülüp satıldığı düşünülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında enerji üretiminin yanı sıra gübre satışının tesis fizibilitesine olan etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan hesaplamalar ışığında; tesislerin birim kW başına maliyetleri sırasıyla; 2.090 $/kWe, 3.726 $/kWe, 6.225 kWe olmaktadır. Yalnızca elektrik üretiminden gelir elde bir biyogaz tesisinin 6,01 yıl olan basit geri ödeme süresi, elektrik satışına ek organomineral gübre satışı ile 1,69 yıla indirgendiği tespit edilmiştir. Gübrenin organik gübre olarak satılması durumunda ise basit geri ödeme süresi 4,24 yıl olmuştur. Ancak, geri ödemesi süresinin azalmasına karşılık ilave olarak sisteme eklenecek diamonyumfosfat maliyeti biyogaz tesis maliyetlerini yaklaşık olarak %92,5 oranında artırdığı gözlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to evaluate the system performances of Karataş and Karaçal irrigation associations located in Burdur province. Karataş irrigation association was put into operation in 1982 and Karaçal irrigation association in 2015 with irrigation areas are 5476 and 4975 ha, respectively. The same public personnel were appointed to both irrigation associations as the Head of the Association in 2018, and as of 2019, both irrigation Associations were gathered under the management of Karataş irrigation association. In this study, the performances of Karataş irrigation, which has an old and predominantly open canal system, and Karaçal irrigation systems, which are relatively new and have a pressurized irrigation system, between the years 2015-2019 have been evaluated. In the performance evaluation, a set of indicators under two main headings as water use efficiency, and financial efficiency recommended by the International Technology and Research Program in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) was used. According to the results of the research, when the water use efficiency is examined, especially Annual relative irrigation supply (0.53-0.73 for Karataş; 0.47-0.96 for Karaçal) and irrigation ratio (20-72% for Karataş; 36% for Karaçal) 55) values were not at the desired levels. In terms of Financial Efficiency, cost recovery ratio (119-401% for Karataş; 144-311 for Karaçal) and revenue collection performance (78-442% for Karataş; 10-130 for Karaçal) were found to be high. Although this is a new irrigation, Karaçal irrigation shows that relatively high maintenance costs are incurred. Total operating maintenance and management (MOM) cost per unit area is US$ 9.60-14.98/ha for Karataş and as 1.32-22.92 US$/ha for Karaçal. These values showed that, in general, both irrigations have sufficient financial strength.
{"title":"Benchmarking of Irrigation Performance in Karataş and Karaçal Irrigation Associations","authors":"Ahmed Qadar ABDİSAMAD1, M. Şener","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1065361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1065361","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the system performances of Karataş and Karaçal irrigation associations located in Burdur province. Karataş irrigation association was put into operation in 1982 and Karaçal irrigation association in 2015 with irrigation areas are 5476 and 4975 ha, respectively. The same public personnel were appointed to both irrigation associations as the Head of the Association in 2018, and as of 2019, both irrigation Associations were gathered under the management of Karataş irrigation association. In this study, the performances of Karataş irrigation, which has an old and predominantly open canal system, and Karaçal irrigation systems, which are relatively new and have a pressurized irrigation system, between the years 2015-2019 have been evaluated. In the performance evaluation, a set of indicators under two main headings as water use efficiency, and financial efficiency recommended by the International Technology and Research Program in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) was used. According to the results of the research, when the water use efficiency is examined, especially Annual relative irrigation supply (0.53-0.73 for Karataş; 0.47-0.96 for Karaçal) and irrigation ratio (20-72% for Karataş; 36% for Karaçal) 55) values were not at the desired levels. In terms of Financial Efficiency, cost recovery ratio (119-401% for Karataş; 144-311 for Karaçal) and revenue collection performance (78-442% for Karataş; 10-130 for Karaçal) were found to be high. Although this is a new irrigation, Karaçal irrigation shows that relatively high maintenance costs are incurred. Total operating maintenance and management (MOM) cost per unit area is US$ 9.60-14.98/ha for Karataş and as 1.32-22.92 US$/ha for Karaçal. These values showed that, in general, both irrigations have sufficient financial strength.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122832693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, linas, a newly developed variety of the safflower plant, were used for biodiesel production. Fuel properties and exhaust emission values of biodiesel fuel (B100) and alternative blended fuels containing different volumetric amounts of diesel (M100), biodiesel (B100) and n-butanol (BU) or n-pentanol (P) (diesel / biodiesel / n-butanol and diesel / biodiesel / n-pentanol) were evaluated in comparison with the reference fuel diesel (M100). In addition, in the study, the effects of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) on fuel properties and emission values have been examined by adding EHN cetane improver additive to mixture fuels at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Exhaust emission tests of all fuels and mixtures were carried out in a four-cylinder, four-stroke, and direct injection diesel engine at different speeds and full load conditions. According to the results of the research, the fuel properties of diesel, biodiesel, and blended fuels have been determined that comply with biodiesel and diesel fuel standards. Density values of these fuels were determined between 0.830 to 0.8885 kg m-3, kinematic viscosities 2.83 and 4.57 mm2s-1, calorific values 40.13 and 43.4 MJ kg-1, water content 48.015 and 499 ppm, cetane numbers 48.8 and 55.8, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, and pour point -13.9 and -1.4 ºC, -22 and -10 ºC, -15 and
{"title":"Determination of the Effects of Some Additives Added to the Mixture of Diesel and Safflower Biodiesel on Exhaust Emissions","authors":"Seda Şahi̇n, H. Mengeş","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1075550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1075550","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, linas, a newly developed variety of the safflower plant, were used for biodiesel production. Fuel properties and exhaust emission values of biodiesel fuel (B100) and alternative blended fuels containing different volumetric amounts of diesel (M100), biodiesel (B100) and n-butanol (BU) or n-pentanol (P) (diesel / biodiesel / n-butanol and diesel / biodiesel / n-pentanol) were evaluated in comparison with the reference fuel diesel (M100). In addition, in the study, the effects of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) on fuel properties and emission values have been examined by adding EHN cetane improver additive to mixture fuels at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Exhaust emission tests of all fuels and mixtures were carried out in a four-cylinder, four-stroke, and direct injection diesel engine at different speeds and full load conditions. According to the results of the research, the fuel properties of diesel, biodiesel, and blended fuels have been determined that comply with biodiesel and diesel fuel standards. Density values of these fuels were determined between 0.830 to 0.8885 kg m-3, kinematic viscosities 2.83 and 4.57 mm2s-1, calorific values 40.13 and 43.4 MJ kg-1, water content 48.015 and 499 ppm, cetane numbers 48.8 and 55.8, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, and pour point -13.9 and -1.4 ºC, -22 and -10 ºC, -15 and","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115579909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is the oldest and most common traditional food preservation method known to dry by laying food products under the sun. However, if the food product is in direct contact with the sun light, there is a decrease in the color and nutrient values of the product. To solve these problems, solar dryers have been developed which can be utilized due to indirectly the effect of the sun. In this study, kiwi rings were dried by using osmosolar dehydration as a combination of osmotic dehydration and solar drying. Kiwi rings were first immersed in sucrose solutions and then dried in a solar dryer. Response Surface Methodology used to determine effects of the conditions ondrying performance and find out optimum levels drying conditions for the responses to a safe level. In the response surface method, the drying conditions were selected as the kiwi slice thickness (A), sucrose concentrations (B), immersed time (C) and solar drying time (D). The response to be optimized was chosen as water loss, diameter shrinkage ratio and greenness (a) color change. A successful mathematical model was obtained by the response surface method between the drying conditions and the responses. The suitable model is chosen quadratic for water loss, 2FI model for color change model and shrinkage ratio. The model R2 value is 0.952 for water loss, 0.737 for a color change and 0.856 for shrinkage ratio. The regression coefficients, along with the corresponding P-values, for the model of production water loss, a color change and shrinkage ratio are described by ANOVA. Values of "Prob>F" less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. In this case B, C, C2 are significant model terms for water loss. A, B, C, AB, AC, AD, BC and CD are significant model terms for color change and B, C, AC, AD, BD, CD are significant model terms for shrinkage ratio. The optimum drying conditions levels was determined to sucrose concentration 12.7 %w/v, ring slice thickness 4.06 mm, solar drying time 125 min and immersed time 70.9 min, respectively. In addition, pretreatment of osmotic dehydration was found to be effective in drying kiwi rings with solar tray dryer.
{"title":"Optimization of Drying Conditions of Kiwi Rings with Osmo-solar Dehydration","authors":"Z. Yildiz, Furkan Sabri Gencer","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1052851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1052851","url":null,"abstract":"It is the oldest and most common traditional food preservation method known to dry by laying food products under the sun. However, if the food product is in direct contact with the sun light, there is a decrease in the color and nutrient values of the product. To solve these problems, solar dryers have been developed which can be utilized due to indirectly the effect of the sun. In this study, kiwi rings were dried by using osmosolar dehydration as a combination of osmotic dehydration and solar drying. Kiwi rings were first immersed in sucrose solutions and then dried in a solar dryer. Response Surface Methodology used to determine effects of the conditions ondrying performance and find out optimum levels drying conditions for the responses to a safe level. In the response surface method, the drying conditions were selected as the kiwi slice thickness (A), sucrose concentrations (B), immersed time (C) and solar drying time (D). The response to be optimized was chosen as water loss, diameter shrinkage ratio and greenness (a) color change. A successful mathematical model was obtained by the response surface method between the drying conditions and the responses. The suitable model is chosen quadratic for water loss, 2FI model for color change model and shrinkage ratio. The model R2 value is 0.952 for water loss, 0.737 for a color change and 0.856 for shrinkage ratio. The regression coefficients, along with the corresponding P-values, for the model of production water loss, a color change and shrinkage ratio are described by ANOVA. Values of \"Prob>F\" less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. In this case B, C, C2 are significant model terms for water loss. A, B, C, AB, AC, AD, BC and CD are significant model terms for color change and B, C, AC, AD, BD, CD are significant model terms for shrinkage ratio. The optimum drying conditions levels was determined to sucrose concentration 12.7 %w/v, ring slice thickness 4.06 mm, solar drying time 125 min and immersed time 70.9 min, respectively. In addition, pretreatment of osmotic dehydration was found to be effective in drying kiwi rings with solar tray dryer.","PeriodicalId":387927,"journal":{"name":"Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133463138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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