Materials Today最新文献_第9页

Scanning probe microscopy electrical measurement technique and its application in low-dimensional materials: A review 扫描探针显微电测量技术及其在低维材料中的应用综述

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.037

Hailong Yin , Jianlei Cui , Tong Ma , Xuesong Mei , Yang Ju

Low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) exhibit unique electrical properties at the nanoscale, making accurate electrical measurement crucial for advancements in materials science, condensed matter physics, electronic devices, chemistry, and biology. However, traditional electrical measurement techniques are limited by the measurement accuracy, which is difficult to adapt to the measurement needs of LDNs. In recent years, the widespread application of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has promoted the development of highly sensitive, nanometer-precise electrical measurement tools, which have become essential for characterizing these materials. To this end, this review focuses on the electrical property measurement of LDNs. It begins by reviewing common electrical parameters of LDNs, followed by an in-depth introduction to seven typical SPM-based electrical measurement modes, including their basic principles, system components, and future trends. Then, the electrical measurement principles and specific applications of these methods in zero-dimensional (nanoparticles and quantum dots), one-dimensional (nanowires and nanoribbons), and two-dimensional (layers and thin films) nanomaterials are reviewed. Finally, an outlook on the development of SPM electrical measurement modes and their application to LDNs is presented.

低维纳米材料（ldn）在纳米尺度上表现出独特的电学特性，使得精确的电学测量对材料科学、凝聚态物理、电子器件、化学和生物学的进步至关重要。然而，传统的电测量技术受到测量精度的限制，难以适应ldn的测量需求。近年来，扫描探针显微镜（SPM）的广泛应用促进了高灵敏度、纳米精度的电测量工具的发展，这些工具已成为表征这些材料的必要条件。为此，本文对ldn的电性能测量进行了综述。首先回顾了ldn的常见电气参数，然后深入介绍了七种典型的基于spm的电气测量模式，包括它们的基本原理，系统组件和未来趋势。然后，综述了这些方法在零维（纳米粒子和量子点）、一维（纳米线和纳米带）和二维（层和薄膜）纳米材料中的电测量原理和具体应用。最后，对SPM电测量模式的发展及其在ldn中的应用进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Infrared-driven high-entropy perovskites for efficient nitrate-to-ammonia conversion via B-site engineering 红外驱动的高熵钙钛矿通过b位工程实现硝酸盐到氨的高效转化

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.022

Seongbo Lee , Jayaraman Theerthagiri , Shih-Huang Pan , Jyh-Chiang Jiang , Myong Yong Choi

High-entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs), incorporating five or more principal cations at the A- and/or B-sites of the ABO₃ structure, synergistically combine the configurational entropy and compositional tunability of high-entropy oxides with the structural versatility of perovskites, enabling enhanced atomic-level control over cation distribution, defect chemistry, and multifunctional properties. However, the controlled synthesis of structurally stable HEPOs remains challenging. Herein, we report for the first time a rapid and innovative approach using continuous-wave CO₂ laser irradiation to stabilize high-entropy La(FeCoMnNi)O₃ perovskites via B-site cation engineering with LaFeO₃. The CO₂ laser, emitting 10.6-μm infrared radiation, is strongly absorbed by a metal–citrate 3D polymeric gel precursor, enabling localized heating and complete HEPO phase formation within 10 min while minimizing thermal diffusion and energy consumption. La(FeCoMnNi)O₃ demonstrates outstanding electrochemical nitrate reduction (eNO₃RR) performance for high-value ammonia (NH₃) production, attaining an NH₃ yield rate of 20.29 mg h⁻¹ cm⁻² at −0.7 V vs. RHE, with excellent cycling stability. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that B-site engineering induces B–O–B bond angle distortion, octahedral tilting, and d-band modulation within the perovskite lattice, enhancing electrical conductivity and NO₃⁻ activation. Practical NH₃ production via eNO₃RR was validated via Ar stripping‒acid trapping methods, and La(FeCoMnNi)O₃ was further employed as a cathode in a Zn–NO₃⁻ battery, demonstrating its multifunctionality. This study establishes CO₂ laser processing as a promising strategy for the rational design of high-entropy perovskite catalysts through precise cation tuning, which is expected to advance environmental and energy applications.

高熵钙钛矿氧化物（HEPOs）在ABO3结构的A位和/或b位上含有5个或更多的主要阳离子，将高熵氧化物的构型熵和成分可调性与钙钛矿的结构多功能性协同结合，增强了对阳离子分布、缺陷化学和多功能性质的原子水平控制。然而，控制合成结构稳定的hepo仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们首次报道了一种快速和创新的方法，使用连续波CO2激光照射，通过LaFeO3的b位阳离子工程来稳定高熵La(FeCoMnNi)O3钙钛矿。发射10.6 μm红外辐射的CO2激光被金属-柠檬酸盐3D聚合物凝胶前驱体强烈吸收，可以在10分钟内局部加热并完全形成HEPO相，同时最大限度地减少热扩散和能耗。La(FeCoMnNi)O3在制备高值氨（NH3）方面表现出优异的电化学硝酸还原（eNO3RR）性能，与RHE相比，在−0.7 V下，NH3的产率达到20.29 mg h−1 cm−2，并且具有良好的循环稳定性。实验和理论分析表明，b位点工程引起钙钛矿晶格内B-O-B键角畸变、八面体倾斜和d波段调制，提高了钙钛矿的电导率和NO3−活化。通过Ar剥离-酸捕集法验证了eNO3RR生产NH3的可行性，并进一步将La(FeCoMnNi)O3用作Zn-NO3−电池的正极，证明了其多功能性。本研究确立了CO2激光加工是一种有前途的策略，通过精确的阳离子调谐来合理设计高熵钙钛矿催化剂，有望推进环境和能源应用。

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引用次数: 0

Optical valve plasmonic metamaterial for infrared–visible compatible stealth and selective absorption 用于红外-可见光兼容隐身和选择性吸收的光阀等离子体超材料

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.021

Zhiyu Ren , Sihan Li , Aoming Cao , Sijia Niu , Xiaoming Liu , Wangzhong Mu , Qiang Wang

Multi-spectral stealth materials have become a strategic priority in national defense. Infrared-visible stealth, a critical component of this technology, demands materials with opposing spectral properties in adjacent bands—high visible absorption coupled with low infrared emission. However, the inherent inverse correlation between infrared emissivity and visible reflectivity complicates the independent optimization of these properties through material composition and structural design. This study proposes a novel optical valve plasmonic stealth (OV-PS) metamaterial to achieve infrared/visible stealth. Compared to open-pore structures, the integration of optical valves on the pore structure functions as wavelength-selective switches, modulating light absorption based on specific spectral bands. By adjusting the spacing and dimensions of the optical valve units, the OV-PS metamaterial can achieve independent regulation of infrared emissivity while maintaining low visible reflectance. The OV-PS metamaterial demonstrates a visible reflectivity of 9.95% and an emissivity of 0.08, effectively addressing the performance limitations of traditional infrared–visible stealth materials. Furthermore, optical valves fabricated through deposition technology enable the co-design of functional and structural units, thereby facilitating multi-functional integration and multi-spectral regulation. This breakthrough holds significant potential for applications in defense, energy, and photonic systems.

多光谱隐身材料已成为国防领域的战略重点。红外-可见隐身技术是该技术的关键组成部分，它要求材料在相邻波段具有相反的光谱特性——高可见光吸收与低红外发射相结合。然而，红外发射率和可见光反射率之间固有的负相关关系使得通过材料成分和结构设计来独立优化这些性能变得复杂。本研究提出一种新型光阀等离子体隐身（OV-PS）超材料，可实现红外/可见光隐身。与开孔结构相比，孔结构上集成的光阀起到了波长选择开关的作用，根据特定的光谱波段调制光吸收。通过调整光阀单元的间距和尺寸，OV-PS超材料可以在保持低可见光反射率的同时实现红外发射率的独立调节。OV-PS超材料的可见光反射率为9.95%，发射率为0.08，有效解决了传统红外-可见光隐身材料的性能局限。此外，通过沉积技术制造的光阀可以实现功能和结构单元的协同设计，从而促进多功能集成和多光谱调节。这一突破在国防、能源和光子系统方面具有巨大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoscale thermodynamic approach to size-dependent phase transition from paramagnetic to liquid-like behavior in nanoscale magnetic clusters 纳米尺度的热力学方法研究纳米尺度磁性团簇从顺磁性到类液体行为的尺寸依赖相变

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.040

Makoto Sakurai

Thermodynamics in nanoscale materials through thermalization process requires a modification as compared to macroscopic thermodynamics. Here, the size-dependent magnetic and thermodynamic properties of nanoscale materials are studied by exploiting the size tunability of on-surface synthesized amino-ferrocene nanoclusters. According to the Mössbauer spectra and the magnetic susceptibility curves of the weakly interacting molecular spins in the nanoclusters, the phase transition temperature from paramagnetic to liquid-like behavior is size-dependent. Stochastic simulations reveal significant differences in the dipole energy and energy fluctuations between the surface and the inner sites of the nanocluster model. These site-dependent features explain the observed size-dependent transition and the mechanism behind liquid-like behavior. These results demonstrate the validity of using this approach to analyze the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of nanoscale materials.

与宏观热力学相比，纳米材料的热化热力学需要进行修正。本文通过利用表面合成的氨基二茂铁纳米团簇的尺寸可调性，研究了纳米材料的磁性和热力学性质。根据Mössbauer光谱和纳米团簇中弱相互作用分子自旋的磁化率曲线，从顺磁性到类液体行为的相变温度与尺寸有关。随机模拟揭示了纳米团簇模型表面和内部的偶极子能量和能量波动的显著差异。这些位点依赖的特征解释了观察到的尺寸依赖转变和类液体行为背后的机制。这些结果证明了用这种方法分析纳米材料的磁性和热力学性质的有效性。

引用次数: 0

Controlled-release aroma nano/microcarriers: design strategies, release mechanisms, and kinetic models 控释芳香纳米/微载体：设计策略、释放机制和动力学模型

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.015

Xingran Kou, Fangyuan Liu, Jiajia Ma, Qinfei Ke, Yunchong Zhang

Nano/microcarriers, characterized by small sizes, high specific surface areas, and tunable surface properties, enable precise control of aroma delivery in biomedical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural applications. Although numerous studies have investigated the controlled release of encapsulated aroma compounds, a comprehensive review of these carrier systems remains lacking. This review systematically examines various nano/microcarriers designed for different release functions and provides valuable insights into the selection of encapsulation materials. Moreover, aroma release mechanisms, including diffusion, rupture, swelling, dissolution, melting, degradation, and conformational changes, are analyzed to establish structure–function relationships between carrier properties and release performance. Additionally, mathematical models describing aroma release kinetics are summarized to elucidate the underlying release mechanisms. This review integrates carrier design, release mechanisms, and modeling approaches to optimize on-demand aroma release and support the development of next-generation nano/micro-delivery systems. The findings provide a robust framework for achieving precise control over aroma compound release.

纳米/微载体的特点是尺寸小，比表面积高，表面特性可调，可以精确控制生物医学，化妆品，食品和农业应用中的香气传递。尽管许多研究已经研究了胶囊化芳香化合物的控制释放，但对这些载体系统的全面审查仍然缺乏。本综述系统地研究了为不同释放功能而设计的各种纳米/微载体，并为封装材料的选择提供了有价值的见解。此外，还分析了香气释放机制，包括扩散、破裂、膨胀、溶解、熔化、降解和构象变化，建立了载体性能与释放性能之间的结构-功能关系。此外，还总结了描述香气释放动力学的数学模型，以阐明潜在的释放机制。本文综述了载体设计、释放机制和建模方法，以优化按需香气释放，并支持下一代纳米/微传递系统的开发。这些发现为实现对香气化合物释放的精确控制提供了一个强有力的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advancements in perovskite thin film technology: From solar cells to optoelectronic devices 钙钛矿薄膜技术的最新进展：从太阳能电池到光电器件

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.032

Sikandar Aftab , Xin Li , Fahmid Kabir , Maria Mukhtari , Iftikhar Hussain , Muhammad Jehanzaib Aslam , H.H. Hegazy , Manesh A. Yewale , Altaf Hussain Rajpar , Erdi Akman

Perovskite thin film (PTF) technology is a rapidly developing field that has made significant strides, leading to breakthroughs in many applications. In this way, PTFs are widely acknowledged for their remarkable optoelectronic characteristics, which have been instrumental in advancing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), photodetectors (PDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and memory devices. This review first comprehensively introduces PTFs production from lab-scale to large-scale, then addresses the challenges of PTFs and discusses ways to overcome these challenges. Moreover, this review combines significant discoveries from current studies to clarify perovskite-based solar cells’ improved scalability, stability, and efficiency. Additionally, the use of PTFs in developing technologies-such as memory devices, LEDs, and PDs-is discussed, highlighting their role in improving the functionality and performance of these devices. Furthermore, it explains the investigation of PTFs in specific applications, such as x-ray detection, imaging sensing, and polarized detection, highlighting their potential to push the limits of detection technologies. Finally, we discuss the challenges in implementing PTFs for optoelectronic device systems uses and provide our opinions on potential future projects and lines of inquiry.

钙钛矿薄膜（PTF）技术是一个快速发展的领域，已经取得了重大进展，导致许多应用突破。通过这种方式，ptf因其卓越的光电特性而得到广泛认可，这些特性在推进钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）、光电探测器（pd）、发光二极管（led）和存储器件方面发挥了重要作用。本文首先全面介绍了ptf从实验室规模到大规模生产，然后讨论了ptf面临的挑战，并讨论了克服这些挑战的方法。此外，本综述结合了当前研究的重大发现，阐明了钙钛矿基太阳能电池的改进的可扩展性、稳定性和效率。此外，还讨论了ptf在开发技术（如存储设备、led和pds）中的使用，强调了它们在改进这些设备的功能和性能方面的作用。此外，它解释了ptf在特定应用中的研究，如x射线检测、成像传感和极化检测，强调了它们推动检测技术极限的潜力。最后，我们讨论了在光电器件系统中实现ptf所面临的挑战，并就潜在的未来项目和研究方向提出了我们的意见。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement of electron–phonon coupling constant under hydrostatic pressure 静水压力下电子-声子耦合常数的测量

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.020

Ruiqi Wu , Fuxiang Ma , Bowen Guan , Yazhou Chen , Desi Chen , Jiajun Dong , Yuanfei Jiang , Mingxing Jin , Qingyi Li

The electron–phonon interaction is fundamental to many-particle physics, governing key processes in emergent phenomena like superconductivity, thermoelectrics, optoelectronics, and spintronics. As a fundamental thermodynamic variable, pressure offers a unique platform to explore these phenomena and optimize material properties by modulating electron–phonon coupling. To obtain a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms, a reliable experimental method to quantify the strength of electron–phonon interaction under pressure is urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate a feasible approach to measuring the second moment of the Eliashberg spectral function

λ (ω^{2})

and the nominal electron–phonon coupling constant

λ_{A_{1 g}}

in solids under hydrostatic pressure using femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. Experiments with bismuth sulfide revealed pressure-enhanced electron–phonon interaction, with

λ (ω^{2})

and

λ_{A_{1 g}}

increasing from

72.17 \pm 0.17

to

83.12 \pm 0.22

meV

^{2}

and from

1.55 \pm 0.0056

to

1.88 \pm 0.0063

, respectively, as pressure increased from 0.11 to 9.01 GPa. This strategy provides a versatile framework for investigating electron–phonon interaction in other materials, offering new insights into underlying mechanisms and guiding the synthesis of novel materials under extreme conditions.

电子-声子相互作用是多粒子物理的基础，控制着超导、热电学、光电子学和自旋电子学等新兴现象的关键过程。作为一个基本的热力学变量，压力提供了一个独特的平台来探索这些现象，并通过调制电子-声子耦合来优化材料性能。为了彻底了解潜在的机制，迫切需要一种可靠的实验方法来量化压力下电子-声子相互作用的强度。在这里，我们展示了一种可行的方法来测量流体静压下固体中Eliashberg谱函数λω2的第二矩和标称电子-声子耦合常数λA1g。实验表明，当压力从0.11 GPa增加到9.01 GPa时，电子-声子相互作用增强，λω2和λA1g分别从72.17±0.17和83.12±0.22 meV2和1.55±0.0056分别增加到1.88±0.0063。这种策略为研究其他材料中的电子-声子相互作用提供了一个通用的框架，为潜在的机制提供了新的见解，并指导了极端条件下新材料的合成。

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引用次数: 0

High-efficiency, reusable electrokinetic filtration platform for high-Flux nanoplastic sequestration and self-powered operation 高效，可重复使用的电动过滤平台，用于高通量纳米塑料的隔离和自供电操作

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.12.008

Do-Heon Kim , Ji Young Park , Yunjeong Lee , Hyeokgyun Moon , Jinkee Lee , Hye Sung Park , Seok Won Hong , Jeong Min Baik

The remediation of nanoplastic particles (NPPs) from aqueous environments remains a significant challenge, given their small dimensions, limited adsorption affinity, and high mobility. In this work, we report a reusable electrokinetic filtration platform that enables high-flux sequestration of NPPs along with self-sustained operation. The system employs magnesium oxide-coated porous nickel foam, achieving >99 % filtration efficiency (FE) for 50 nm polystyrene particles under a low-voltage (10 V) electric field, with a flux of 39.5 mL·cm⁻²·min⁻¹. A theoretical framework was developed to describe the electrokinetic transport and surface adsorption, which demonstrated strong agreement with experimental observations. The model was further validated using cationic poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene imine)–carbon dots, whose protonated amine groups exhibited a FE of 97.7 %. The platform enables regeneration by field reversal, consistently maintaining >93 % FE over 20 cycles. Integration with a triboelectric nanogenerator allows for off-grid operation while preserving >96 % FE. The system demonstrates stable performance in both tap and river water, reducing total dissolved and suspended solids to levels below WHO drinking water guidelines. This work offers an energy-independent, scalable solution for the remediation of NPPs in complex, real-world water matrices.

纳米塑料颗粒（NPPs）由于其尺寸小、吸附亲和力有限、流动性高，对其在水环境中的修复仍然是一个重大挑战。在这项工作中，我们报告了一个可重复使用的电动过滤平台，该平台可以实现核电站的高通量隔离以及自我持续运行。该系统采用氧化镁包覆多孔泡沫镍，在低压（10 V）电场下，通量为39.5 mL·cm−2·min−1，对50 nm聚苯乙烯颗粒的过滤效率为99%。建立了描述电动力学输运和表面吸附的理论框架，该框架与实验观察结果非常吻合。使用阳离子聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺碳点进一步验证了该模型，其质子化胺基团的FE为97.7%。该平台通过磁场反转实现再生，在20次循环中始终保持93%的FE。与摩擦电纳米发电机的集成允许离网运行，同时保持96%的FE。该系统在自来水和河水中表现稳定，将溶解和悬浮固体总量减少到低于世卫组织饮用水准则的水平。这项工作提供了一个能源独立的、可扩展的解决方案，用于修复复杂的、现实世界的水矩阵中的核电站。

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引用次数: 0

The world of metal nanowires: Recent advances in syntheses, electronic applications, and engineering challenges 金属纳米线的世界：合成、电子应用和工程挑战的最新进展

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.036

Muhammad H. Nawaz , Anuj Kumar , Feng-Chuan Chuang , Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy , Phuong V. Pham

The review provides a comprehensive overview of the transition from batch to continuous-flow synthesis of metal nanowires, covering a wide variety of materials, including silver, cobalt, copper, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, aluminum, bismuth, scandium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, zinc, cadmium, and gallium, and heterostructure nanowires. Their scalability and flexibility have attracted significant interest in large-scale production. Over the past few decades, flow chemistry has proven highly effective for producing nanomaterials, enabling scalable, high-throughput, and reproducible manufacturing. Continuous flow synthesis enhances the quality of NWs for applications in solar cells, sensors, batteries, electrocatalytic reactions, electrochromic window, heaters and optomechanical detection by significantly reducing agglomeration problems in large-scale production. It prevents oxidation and adds stability but requires precise control over the reducing conditions and metal ion concentration to ensure large-scale effectiveness. The various formulations of metal nanowire ink used in this research are critically analyzed to identify performance at reduced metal content. The engineering requirements necessary for designing continuous-flow reactors are presented in the context of challenges associated with large-scale synthesis and related process issues. Concurrently, the biomedical potential of MNWs is explored, with a focus on their use in biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering.

该综述全面概述了从间歇合成到连续流合成金属纳米线的过渡，涵盖了各种各样的材料，包括银、钴、铜、金、镍、钯、铂、铝、铋、钪、钛、锆、钒、铌、钼、钨、铼、铁、钌、铑、铱、锌、镉和镓，以及异质结构纳米线。它们的可扩展性和灵活性已经引起了大规模生产的极大兴趣。在过去的几十年里，流动化学已经被证明在生产纳米材料方面非常有效，能够实现可扩展、高通量和可重复性的制造。连续流动合成技术通过显著减少大规模生产中的团聚问题，提高了用于太阳能电池、传感器、电池、电催化反应、电致变色窗口、加热器和光机械检测等领域的NWs的质量。它可以防止氧化并增加稳定性，但需要精确控制还原条件和金属离子浓度，以确保大规模的有效性。本研究中使用的各种金属纳米线油墨配方进行了严格分析，以确定在降低金属含量时的性能。在与大规模合成和相关工艺问题相关的挑战背景下，提出了设计连续流反应器所需的工程要求。同时，研究人员还探索了MNWs的生物医学潜力，重点关注其在生物传感、靶向药物输送和组织工程中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Superlubricity based on tribolayer 基于摩擦层的超润滑性

IF 22 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Today

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2025.11.026

Peng Huang, Xinchun Chen, Wenli Deng, Jianbin Luo

Recent advances in the field of tribology have increasingly focused on superlubricity tribolayers due to their exceptional properties. Despite burgeoning interest, a comprehensive synthesis of research in this area remains elusive. This article aims to bridge this gap by providing a detailed overview of the latest findings on superlubricity tribolayers, with a particular emphasis on their mechanisms across carbon-based, layered-material-based, and polymer-based systems. Initially, we explore the essential characteristics, classifications, and formation processes of tribolayers within the context of superlubricity, summarizing the factors that influence their development. We proceed to assess advancements in carbon-based materials, including diamond-like carbon, graphite-like, polymer-like, and nanostructured tribolayers. The role of layered-material additives such as graphene-related materials, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and MXene in the formation of superlubricity tribolayers is also examined. Furthermore, the evolution of polymer-based superlubricity tribolayers is analyzed. We conclude by delineating future research trajectories in superlubricity tribolayers, underscoring potential applications and the integration challenges in engineering practices. This review illuminates the scientific principles and technical approaches essential for achieving ultra-low friction in each type of superlubricity tribolayer. Additionally, we present current challenges and propose future directions to foster the practical application and development of superlubricity tribolayers.

由于超润滑摩擦层具有特殊的性能，近年来摩擦学领域的研究越来越多地集中在超润滑摩擦层上。尽管对这一领域的兴趣日益浓厚，但全面综合的研究仍然难以捉摸。本文旨在通过详细概述超润滑摩擦层的最新发现来弥补这一差距，并特别强调其在碳基、层状材料基和聚合物基系统中的机制。首先，我们探讨了摩擦层在超润滑背景下的基本特征、分类和形成过程，总结了影响其发展的因素。我们继续评估碳基材料的进展，包括类金刚石碳、类石墨、类聚合物和纳米结构摩擦层。层状材料添加剂，如石墨烯相关材料、二维过渡金属二硫族化合物（TMDs）、六方氮化硼（h-BN）和MXene在超润滑摩擦层形成中的作用也进行了研究。进一步分析了聚合物基超润滑摩擦层的演变过程。最后，我们描述了超润滑摩擦层的未来研究轨迹，强调了潜在的应用和工程实践中的集成挑战。本文综述了各类超润滑摩擦层实现超低摩擦的科学原理和技术途径。此外，我们提出了当前面临的挑战，并提出了未来的发展方向，以促进超润滑摩擦层的实际应用和发展。

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