Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.014
Xuechun Sun , Pengju Shi , Jiahui Shen , Jichuang Shen , Liuwen Tian , Jiazhe Xu , Qingqing Liu , Yuan Tian , Donger Jin , Xiaohe Miao , Jingjing Xue , Rui Wang
Compressive strain is often considered as a key factor in stabilizing formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites. However, the compression along which direction stabilizes perovskite remains unclear due to the presence of non-uniform strain within the material. Here, we introduce a metal encapsulation method to apply compressive strain along the in-plane or out-of-plane direction of perovskite film. According to the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) results, in-plane compression enhances the stability of perovskites, whereas out-of-plane compression has a detrimental effect. Specifically, out-of-plane compression can lead to the formation of an inactive δ-phase, which compromises the stability of the perovskite. Finally, we develop a general process to integrate in-plane compression into perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices, thereby improving their stability. Our study clarifies the mechanism by which compressive strain affects perovskite stability, offering valuable guidance for strain engineering to optimize perovskite performance.
{"title":"In-plane compressive strain stabilized formamidinium-based perovskite","authors":"Xuechun Sun , Pengju Shi , Jiahui Shen , Jichuang Shen , Liuwen Tian , Jiazhe Xu , Qingqing Liu , Yuan Tian , Donger Jin , Xiaohe Miao , Jingjing Xue , Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressive strain is often considered as a key factor in stabilizing formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites. However, the compression along which direction stabilizes perovskite remains unclear due to the presence of non-uniform strain within the material. Here, we introduce a metal encapsulation method to apply compressive strain along the in-plane or out-of-plane direction of perovskite film. According to the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) results, in-plane compression enhances the stability of perovskites, whereas out-of-plane compression has a detrimental effect. Specifically, out-of-plane compression can lead to the formation of an inactive δ-phase, which compromises the stability of the perovskite. Finally, we develop a general process to integrate in-plane compression into perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices, thereby improving their stability. Our study clarifies the mechanism by which compressive strain affects perovskite stability, offering valuable guidance for strain engineering to optimize perovskite performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.022
Jingyun Lan , Yan Peng , Hao Peng , Jiuyang Zhang
The neural system in living organisms has achieved highly optimized features in perception, response, and learning, which are extremely desirable for modern soft robots. Today’s soft robots generally utilize flexible conductors to fabricate their sensory systems. Such a system usually exhibits instantaneous response behaviors upon external stimuli without signal persistence or environmental adaptability to protect living organisms. This work provides a bio-conductor based on viscoelastic polymer gels and metal microfibers. The flexible bio-conductor can achieve critical sensory persistence and adaptation via efficient control over the electrical conductive network through relaxation of metal microfibers and polymer chains. The signal transmission in the bio-conductor can be conveniently mediated through the parameters of the composites, exhibiting unique responses to diverse environmental conditions. An aerial vehicle integrated with the bio-conductor, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) was successfully fabricated for a robot system to simulate the signal transmission, processing, and response in biological nervous systems.
生物体内的神经系统在感知、反应和学习方面实现了高度优化，这对于...
{"title":"Biomimetic conductor from viscoelastic polymer composite gels for smart soft electronics","authors":"Jingyun Lan , Yan Peng , Hao Peng , Jiuyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neural system in living organisms has achieved highly optimized features in perception, response, and learning, which are extremely desirable for modern soft robots. Today’s soft robots generally utilize flexible conductors to fabricate their sensory systems. Such a system usually exhibits instantaneous response behaviors upon external stimuli without signal persistence or environmental adaptability to protect living organisms. This work provides a bio-conductor based on viscoelastic polymer gels and metal microfibers. The flexible bio-conductor can achieve critical sensory persistence and adaptation via efficient control over the electrical conductive network through relaxation of metal microfibers and polymer chains. The signal transmission in the bio-conductor can be conveniently mediated through the parameters of the composites, exhibiting unique responses to diverse environmental conditions. An aerial vehicle integrated with the bio-conductor, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) was successfully fabricated for a robot system to simulate the signal transmission, processing, and response in biological nervous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101928"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.101951
Cunhai Wang , Wenhui Wang , Hao Chen , Jingchong Liu
Designing radiative coolers with colorful appearances enables expanded scenarios for implementing the radiative cooling technology that emerges as a solution to global energy and environmental issues. In a recent issue of Matter, Hou et al.1 mimicked the hierarchically porous structure within the scarab beetle and designed a high-performance radiative cooler with tunable apparent colors, paving a bionic path for synergetic cooling and color management of radiative coolers.
{"title":"Mimicking scarab beetle elytra in colorful radiative coolers","authors":"Cunhai Wang , Wenhui Wang , Hao Chen , Jingchong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.101951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.101951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing radiative coolers with colorful appearances enables expanded scenarios for implementing the radiative cooling technology that emerges as a solution to global energy and environmental issues. In a recent issue of <em>Matter</em>, Hou et al.<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> mimicked the hierarchically porous structure within the scarab beetle and designed a high-performance radiative cooler with tunable apparent colors, paving a bionic path for synergetic cooling and color management of radiative coolers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101951"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.015
Kourosh Darvish , Marta Skreta , Yuchi Zhao , Naruki Yoshikawa , Sagnik Som , Miroslav Bogdanovic , Yang Cao , Han Hao , Haoping Xu , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Animesh Garg , Florian Shkurti
Chemistry experiments can be resource- and labor-intensive, often requiring manual tasks like polishing electrodes in electrochemistry. Traditional lab automation infrastructure faces challenges adapting to new experiments. To address this, we introduce ORGANA, an assistive robotic system that automates diverse chemistry experiments using decision-making and perception tools. It makes decisions with chemists in the loop to control robots and lab devices. ORGANA interacts with chemists using large language models (LLMs) to derive experiment goals, handle disambiguation, and provide experiment logs. ORGANA plans and executes complex tasks with visual feedback while supporting scheduling and parallel task execution. We demonstrate ORGANA’s capabilities in solubility, pH measurement, recrystallization, and electrochemistry experiments. In electrochemistry, it executes a 19-step plan in parallel to characterize quinone derivatives for flow batteries. Our user study shows ORGANA reduces frustration and physical demand by over 50%, with users saving an average of 80.3% of their time when using it.
{"title":"ORGANA: A robotic assistant for automated chemistry experimentation and characterization","authors":"Kourosh Darvish , Marta Skreta , Yuchi Zhao , Naruki Yoshikawa , Sagnik Som , Miroslav Bogdanovic , Yang Cao , Han Hao , Haoping Xu , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Animesh Garg , Florian Shkurti","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemistry experiments can be resource- and labor-intensive, often requiring manual tasks like polishing electrodes in electrochemistry. Traditional lab automation infrastructure faces challenges adapting to new experiments. To address this, we introduce ORGANA, an assistive robotic system that automates diverse chemistry experiments using decision-making and perception tools. It makes decisions with chemists in the loop to control robots and lab devices. ORGANA interacts with chemists using large language models (LLMs) to derive experiment goals, handle disambiguation, and provide experiment logs. ORGANA plans and executes complex tasks with visual feedback while supporting scheduling and parallel task execution. We demonstrate ORGANA’s capabilities in solubility, pH measurement, recrystallization, and electrochemistry experiments. In electrochemistry, it executes a 19-step plan in parallel to characterize quinone derivatives for flow batteries. Our user study shows ORGANA reduces frustration and physical demand by over 50%, with users saving an average of 80.3% of their time when using it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101897"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.023
Qian Cui , Yi Li , Xiaoyue Sun , Beibei Weng , René Hübner , Yu Cui , Qiaoran Zhang , Yunjun Luo , Leining Zhang , Ran Du
Metal aerogels are emerging porous materials composed entirely of nanostructured metals, which manifest broad prospects in diverse fields. Particularly, multimetallic aerogels (MMAs) receive increasing attention due to their widely tunable properties stimulated by the synergy of multiple metals. However, the investigation of multimetallic effects in MMAs is predominantly restricted to optimizing their application performances. Here, the untrivial multimetallic effects on the synthetic aspect are discovered, and the underlying mechanisms are unveiled, offering new perspectives for manipulating the sol-gel process and tuning the ligament size (dL) of MMAs by designing the average bulk density (ρab) and atomic radius (ra) mismatch. Moreover, a sedimentation-based non-destructive method is established, which solves the long-lasting challenge of preparing intact metal-gel-based electrocatalysts and yields record-high performances toward alcohol oxidation reactions.
{"title":"Manipulating multimetallic effects: Programming size-tailored metal aerogels as self-standing electrocatalysts","authors":"Qian Cui , Yi Li , Xiaoyue Sun , Beibei Weng , René Hübner , Yu Cui , Qiaoran Zhang , Yunjun Luo , Leining Zhang , Ran Du","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal aerogels are emerging porous materials composed entirely of nanostructured metals, which manifest broad prospects in diverse fields. Particularly, multimetallic aerogels (MMAs) receive increasing attention due to their widely tunable properties stimulated by the synergy of multiple metals. However, the investigation of multimetallic effects in MMAs is predominantly restricted to optimizing their application performances. Here, the untrivial multimetallic effects on the synthetic aspect are discovered, and the underlying mechanisms are unveiled, offering new perspectives for manipulating the sol-gel process and tuning the ligament size (<em>d</em><sub>L</sub>) of MMAs by designing the average bulk density (<em>ρ</em><sub>ab</sub>) and atomic radius (<em>r</em><sub>a</sub>) mismatch. Moreover, a sedimentation-based non-destructive method is established, which solves the long-lasting challenge of preparing intact metal-gel-based electrocatalysts and yields record-high performances toward alcohol oxidation reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101905"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.101962
Gabriele Laudadio , Giulia Lavarda , Hyunsoo Park , Steve Cranford
Here, upon the invitation of Matter’s editorial team, three early career researchers from three European institutes with various backgrounds and research expertise share their insights into seeking academic positions (and future careers).
{"title":"Reflections in search of faculty (and other) positions in Europe","authors":"Gabriele Laudadio , Giulia Lavarda , Hyunsoo Park , Steve Cranford","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.101962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.101962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, upon the invitation of <em>Matter</em>’s editorial team, three early career researchers from three European institutes with various backgrounds and research expertise share their insights into seeking academic positions (and future careers).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101962"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.101949
Dongmei Wang , Le Shi , Jiantang Li
Designing multicomponent reticular structures has been limited by the availability of suitable structural blueprints. Recently, a groundbreaking work reported by Eddaoudi and co-workers in Science has introduced a merged-net approach that expands the design space of reticular chemistry by combining edge-transitive nets, accelerating the discovery of intricate reticular materials.
{"title":"Revealing the iceberg beneath: A merge-net approach for designing multicomponent reticular solids","authors":"Dongmei Wang , Le Shi , Jiantang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.101949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.101949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing multicomponent reticular structures has been limited by the availability of suitable structural blueprints. Recently, a groundbreaking work reported by Eddaoudi and co-workers in <em>Science</em> has introduced a merged-net approach that expands the design space of reticular chemistry by combining edge-transitive nets, accelerating the discovery of intricate reticular materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101949"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.019
Changyue Xu , Xuan Shi , Yunyi Guo , Kejing Yu , Kunlin Chen
Micro-nano capsules have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications. However, the capacity to load these capsules with various substances and induce dynamic color-changing effects remains an unexplored area of research. Here, inspired by the color-changing abilities of tree frogs, we developed a dual-compartment composite microcapsule that responds to multiple stimuli. This microcapsule was fabricated by electrostatically adsorbing nanocapsules onto its surface, enabling full-spectrum color changes in response to UV light and temperature variations. By precisely regulating the number of nanocapsules on the surface of the composite microcapsules and adjusting the micro-nano-level coloration on individual composite microcapsules, a variety of stable and coordinated colors can be achieved. The microcapsules possess stable and fully reversible multicolored changing properties and can effectively be used as anti-counterfeiting inks in the screen-printing process. This advancement holds wide-ranging potential applications in the next generation of anti-counterfeiting labels and information encryption.
微纳胶囊因其潜在的应用而备受关注。然而，在这些胶囊中装载各种...
{"title":"Environmentally responsive dual-compartment microcapsules with full spectrum color-changing performance for anti-counterfeiting applications","authors":"Changyue Xu , Xuan Shi , Yunyi Guo , Kejing Yu , Kunlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nano capsules have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications. However, the capacity to load these capsules with various substances and induce dynamic color-changing effects remains an unexplored area of research. Here, inspired by the color-changing abilities of tree frogs, we developed a dual-compartment composite microcapsule that responds to multiple stimuli. This microcapsule was fabricated by electrostatically adsorbing nanocapsules onto its surface, enabling full-spectrum color changes in response to UV light and temperature variations. By precisely regulating the number of nanocapsules on the surface of the composite microcapsules and adjusting the micro-nano-level coloration on individual composite microcapsules, a variety of stable and coordinated colors can be achieved. The microcapsules possess stable and fully reversible multicolored changing properties and can effectively be used as anti-counterfeiting inks in the screen-printing process. This advancement holds wide-ranging potential applications in the next generation of anti-counterfeiting labels and information encryption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.018
Su-Jun Zheng , Hong Chen , Shuang-Quan Zang , Jinmeng Cai
Chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been widely used in electrocatalysis due to its properties of inducing spin polarization and fast charge transfer. The outstanding performance of the CISS effect in electrocatalytic reactions brings new avenues for the development of electrocatalysis. In this review, we first illustrate the prospects of the CISS effect for application in electrocatalysis by introducing two important features (induced spin polarization and rapid charge transfer). Subsequently, we summarize the current status of the application of the CISS effect in electrocatalytic reactions. In addition, we classify and summarize the potential CISS catalysts based on the above research status. Finally, we outline the breakthrough points of the CISS effect in a wide range of electrocatalytic applications and propose the possibilities, future prospects, and limitations of the CISS effect in electrocatalysis.
{"title":"Chiral-induced spin selectivity in electrocatalysis","authors":"Su-Jun Zheng , Hong Chen , Shuang-Quan Zang , Jinmeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been widely used in electrocatalysis due to its properties of inducing spin polarization and fast charge transfer. The outstanding performance of the CISS effect in electrocatalytic reactions brings new avenues for the development of electrocatalysis. In this review, we first illustrate the prospects of the CISS effect for application in electrocatalysis by introducing two important features (induced spin polarization and rapid charge transfer). Subsequently, we summarize the current status of the application of the CISS effect in electrocatalytic reactions. In addition, we classify and summarize the potential CISS catalysts based on the above research status. Finally, we outline the breakthrough points of the CISS effect in a wide range of electrocatalytic applications and propose the possibilities, future prospects, and limitations of the CISS effect in electrocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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