A. Kitsiou, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos, Sotiris Drikos, Karolina Barzouka, G. Malousaris
The purpose of this study was to investigate the areas from which the serves performed by elite volleyball players were carried out, the zones into where they were directed and their performance in respect to the serve type used per gender. A three-member group of coaches assessed the serve actions of male (M) and female (F) elite players from 20 volleyball games (M=10, F=10) of National Teams competing in the final phase of the World League 2018. The analyzed variables comprised the serve type, the area from which the serve was carried out (SA), the serve direction and the serve performance which was assessed based on a 5-level tactical rating scale (Eom & Schutz, 1992). Results showed thatmen mainly preferred the power jump serve (PJS) while women the float jump serve (FJS). Both genders irrespective of the serve type used chose mainly the SA behind zone 1 (SA1) for the execution of their serves. However, men used the SA behind zone 5 (SA5) for the execution of their FJS more frequently compared to women who preferred the SA1 for the execution of both the PJS and the FJS as well. Women directed the PJS into the central part of the court and the FJS into zone 5 more frequently than men. On the other hand, men directed the PJS into zone 5, the FJS into zones 7 and 8 and made more mistakes than women. Moreover, they presented a higher proportion of PJS which directed into zone 5 and evaluated as very good compared to women. In addition, irrespective of the serve type used men made more errors than women who created more often ideal conditions for the opponent setter to organize the game.
{"title":"Tendencies of the Volleyball Serving Skill with Respect to the Serve Type across Genders","authors":"A. Kitsiou, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos, Sotiris Drikos, Karolina Barzouka, G. Malousaris","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.02083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.02083","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the areas from which the serves performed by elite volleyball players were carried out, the zones into where they were directed and their performance in respect to the serve type used per gender. A three-member group of coaches assessed the serve actions of male (M) and female (F) elite players from 20 volleyball games (M=10, F=10) of National Teams competing in the final phase of the World League 2018. The analyzed variables comprised the serve type, the area from which the serve was carried out (SA), the serve direction and the serve performance which was assessed based on a 5-level tactical rating scale (Eom & Schutz, 1992). Results showed thatmen mainly preferred the power jump serve (PJS) while women the float jump serve (FJS). Both genders irrespective of the serve type used chose mainly the SA behind zone 1 (SA1) for the execution of their serves. However, men used the SA behind zone 5 (SA5) for the execution of their FJS more frequently compared to women who preferred the SA1 for the execution of both the PJS and the FJS as well. Women directed the PJS into the central part of the court and the FJS into zone 5 more frequently than men. On the other hand, men directed the PJS into zone 5, the FJS into zones 7 and 8 and made more mistakes than women. Moreover, they presented a higher proportion of PJS which directed into zone 5 and evaluated as very good compared to women. In addition, irrespective of the serve type used men made more errors than women who created more often ideal conditions for the opponent setter to organize the game.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"2020 1","pages":"564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The process of learn-to-swim pursues the goal of comprehensive aquatic education. This results in extensive learning contents, even before a first in-water locomotion is possible. While there are different ways to quantify performance in swimming (e.g. time tracking), assessingbasic aquatic skills solely refers to the teachers’ or coaches’ experience, if not gut instinct. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an easy-to-apply assessementtool that quantifies basic aquatic skillsto help estimating the stages of development in children. To capture basic aquatic skills, 22 (pre)school children (non-swimmers) performed 19developed consecutive tasks according to physical in-water characteristics. Performances were video recorded and rated by four peer groups (i.e., coaches, teachers, students, parents) using standardized evaluation sheets. Peers (total n=809) comprised different levels of swim teaching qualification and experience. Using the peer groups’ ratings, inter-rater reliability was computed. Findings revealed that the presented easy-to-apply assessment of basic aquatic skills (ABAS) is reliable according to substantial agreement between the peer groups’ ratings.Thus, ABAS has benefit for educational concepts and learning-to-swim classes.
{"title":"Assessment of basic aquatic skills in children: Inter-rater reliability of coaches, teachers, students and parents","authors":"T. Vogt, Ilka Staub","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.02085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.02085","url":null,"abstract":"The process of learn-to-swim pursues the goal of comprehensive aquatic education. This results in extensive learning contents, even before a first in-water locomotion is possible. While there are different ways to quantify performance in swimming (e.g. time tracking), assessingbasic aquatic skills solely refers to the teachers’ or coaches’ experience, if not gut instinct. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an easy-to-apply assessementtool that quantifies basic aquatic skillsto help estimating the stages of development in children. To capture basic aquatic skills, 22 (pre)school children (non-swimmers) performed 19developed consecutive tasks according to physical in-water characteristics. Performances were video recorded and rated by four peer groups (i.e., coaches, teachers, students, parents) using standardized evaluation sheets. Peers (total n=809) comprised different levels of swim teaching qualification and experience. Using the peer groups’ ratings, inter-rater reliability was computed. Findings revealed that the presented easy-to-apply assessment of basic aquatic skills (ABAS) is reliable according to substantial agreement between the peer groups’ ratings.Thus, ABAS has benefit for educational concepts and learning-to-swim classes.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of the TGMD-2 test in early school-age children for determining the level of fundamental movement skills in different sports","authors":"Ana Kezić, Iva Šimunović, S. Kalinski","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.02093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.02093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":"625-639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-mediated differences, and the correlations, between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of university students performing various motor tests. The study was conducted between 2000-2018 on 4956 first-year full-time female students and 4551 male students (20.0±1.0 years total for both sexes). The participants’ body mass and height were measured, and their BMI was calculated. Motor abilities were evaluated in 13 motor skill tests. The recorded values of body mass, height and BMI were significantly higher in men than in women (percentage values: 22.8%, 8.9% and 6.8%; Sexual dimorphism indicator (SD): 1.96, 2.56 and 0.53). The greatest differences in the values of the SD indicator were observed in the 12-minute rowing ergometer test: (37.6%, SD 3.53), medicine ball backward and forward throws (37.77 and 37.48%, SD – 2.28 and 2.27), and standing long jump (23.98 %, SD 2.51). In both sexes, BMI was significantly (p<0.001) negatively correlated with all motor tests, excluding medicine ball throws (positive correlation, p<0.001) and 1-minute Burpee test (not significant in women). The correlations between body height and motor tests differed between sexes. Male students were characterized by significantly higher levels of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities, whereas females performed better in flexibility tests. The advantage of men over women was highest in endurance and strength abilities, and lowest in speed/agility abilities. Body mass was significantly negatively correlated with all motor tests, excluding medicine ball backward and forward throws (positive correlations and no correlation in one case). Significant positive correlations were noted between motor tests evaluating the same motor abilities.
{"title":"Sex-mediated differences and correlations between the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of university students","authors":"R. Podstawski, P. Markowski, C. Clark","doi":"10.7752/JPES.2020.01011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/JPES.2020.01011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-mediated differences, and the correlations, between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of university students performing various motor tests. The study was conducted between 2000-2018 on 4956 first-year full-time female students and 4551 male students (20.0±1.0 years total for both sexes). The participants’ body mass and height were measured, and their BMI was calculated. Motor abilities were evaluated in 13 motor skill tests. The recorded values of body mass, height and BMI were significantly higher in men than in women (percentage values: 22.8%, 8.9% and 6.8%; Sexual dimorphism indicator (SD): 1.96, 2.56 and 0.53). The greatest differences in the values of the SD indicator were observed in the 12-minute rowing ergometer test: (37.6%, SD 3.53), medicine ball backward and forward throws (37.77 and 37.48%, SD – 2.28 and 2.27), and standing long jump (23.98 %, SD 2.51). In both sexes, BMI was significantly (p<0.001) negatively correlated with all motor tests, excluding medicine ball throws (positive correlation, p<0.001) and 1-minute Burpee test (not significant in women). The correlations between body height and motor tests differed between sexes. Male students were characterized by significantly higher levels of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities, whereas females performed better in flexibility tests. The advantage of men over women was highest in endurance and strength abilities, and lowest in speed/agility abilities. Body mass was significantly negatively correlated with all motor tests, excluding medicine ball backward and forward throws (positive correlations and no correlation in one case). Significant positive correlations were noted between motor tests evaluating the same motor abilities.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45285115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socializing effect of child soccer players on their parents","authors":"Zoltán Szalánczi, B. Kovács, É. B. Bába","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.06460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.06460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have suggested that artistic (synchronized) swimming athletes might showeating disorders symptoms. However, systematic research on eating disorders in artistic swimming is limited and the nature and antecedents of the development of eating disorders in this specific population of athletes is still scarce. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the eating disorder symptoms in artistic swimming athletes using the EAT-26 instrument, and to examine the relation of the incidence and severity of these symptoms to body mass index and body image dissatisfaction. Furthermore, we wanted to compare artistic swimmers with athletes of a non-leanness (but also an aquatic) sport, therefore we also included a group of female water-polo athletes of the same age. The sample consisted of 36 artistic swimmers and 34 female waterpolo players (both aged 13-16). To test the presence of the eating disorder symptoms the EAT-26 was used. The Mann-Whitney U Test (MWU) was used to test for the differences in EAT-26 scores. The EAT-26 total score and the Dieting subscale (one of the three subscale) showed significant differences between the two groups. The median value for EAT-26 total score was higher in the artistic swimmers’ group (C = 11) than in the waterpolo players’ group (C = 8). A decision tree classifier was used to discriminate the artistic swimmers and female water polo players based on the features from the EAT26 and calculated features. The most discriminative features were the BMI, the dieting subscale and the habit of post-meal vomiting.Our results suggest that artistic swimmers, at their typical competing age, show higher risk of developing eating disorders than female waterpoloplayers and that they are also prone to dieting weight-control behaviors to achieve a desired weight. Furthermore, results indicate that purgative behaviors, such as binge eating or self-induced vomiting, might not be a common weight-control behavior among these athletes. The results corroborate the findings that sport environment in leanness sports might contribute to the development of eating disorders. The results are also in line with evidence that leanness sports athletes are more at risk for developing restrictive than purgative eating behaviors, as the latter usually do not contribute to body weight reduction. As sport environment factors in artistic swimming include judging criteria that emphasize a specific body shape and performance, it is important to raise the awareness of mental health risks that such environment might encourage.
{"title":"Body mass index, body image dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms in female aquatic sports: Comparison between artistic swimmers and female water polo players","authors":"Jasmina Parlov, A. Low, M. Lovrić, Roman Kern","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.s3290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s3290","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have suggested that artistic (synchronized) swimming athletes might showeating disorders symptoms. However, systematic research on eating disorders in artistic swimming is limited and the nature and antecedents of the development of eating disorders in this specific population of athletes is still scarce. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the eating disorder symptoms in artistic swimming athletes using the EAT-26 instrument, and to examine the relation of the incidence and severity of these symptoms to body mass index and body image dissatisfaction. Furthermore, we wanted to compare artistic swimmers with athletes of a non-leanness (but also an aquatic) sport, therefore we also included a group of female water-polo athletes of the same age. The sample consisted of 36 artistic swimmers and 34 female waterpolo players (both aged 13-16). To test the presence of the eating disorder symptoms the EAT-26 was used. The Mann-Whitney U Test (MWU) was used to test for the differences in EAT-26 scores. The EAT-26 total score and the Dieting subscale (one of the three subscale) showed significant differences between the two groups. The median value for EAT-26 total score was higher in the artistic swimmers’ group (C = 11) than in the waterpolo players’ group (C = 8). A decision tree classifier was used to discriminate the artistic swimmers and female water polo players based on the features from the EAT26 and calculated features. The most discriminative features were the BMI, the dieting subscale and the habit of post-meal vomiting.Our results suggest that artistic swimmers, at their typical competing age, show higher risk of developing eating disorders than female waterpoloplayers and that they are also prone to dieting weight-control behaviors to achieve a desired weight. Furthermore, results indicate that purgative behaviors, such as binge eating or self-induced vomiting, might not be a common weight-control behavior among these athletes. The results corroborate the findings that sport environment in leanness sports might contribute to the development of eating disorders. The results are also in line with evidence that leanness sports athletes are more at risk for developing restrictive than purgative eating behaviors, as the latter usually do not contribute to body weight reduction. As sport environment factors in artistic swimming include judging criteria that emphasize a specific body shape and performance, it is important to raise the awareness of mental health risks that such environment might encourage.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":"2159-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of social media has reshaped today's society by affectinghow people communicate and build social relationships The sports industry has not been indifferent to these shifts and embraced these communication tools Indeed, social media is an essential management element in the day-to-day routine of sports managers Furthermore, athletes, coaches, clubs, professional leagues, federations, and other sport actors have also adopted the use of social media Therefore, owing to the increasing prevalence and growing role of social media in the sports industry, the mastery of digital skills related to the useof social media is one of the aspects that is most sought after by employers In fact, the COVID-19 pandemic has recently boosted these demands as well as having further accelerated the process of digitalization of the sport sector Furthermore, owing to restrictions on citizens' mobility, the pandemic has also pushed distance learning methods (where social media serve as facilitators) to take on a more prominent role in the educational context Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive studies addressing the effectof these tools in the scope of sport management education;in addition, there are few studies that provideguidelines for teachers to incorporate social media into the different areas of the teaching-learning process Thus, this article focuses on the inclusion that social media have in sport management studies and also presents a proposal for the classification and possible application of social media which, owing to their characteristics and educational/labor potential, are considered suitable for introducing them into sport management courses Furthermore, this studyaims to encourage the sport management teaching community to introduce social media into the dynamics of their courses, given their pedagogical value, and the positive effectthey have on student education
{"title":"Social media in sport management education: Connecting universities and sport industry","authors":"S. López-Carril, Miguel Villamón, Shannon McBride","doi":"10.7752/JPES.2020.06498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/JPES.2020.06498","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of social media has reshaped today's society by affectinghow people communicate and build social relationships The sports industry has not been indifferent to these shifts and embraced these communication tools Indeed, social media is an essential management element in the day-to-day routine of sports managers Furthermore, athletes, coaches, clubs, professional leagues, federations, and other sport actors have also adopted the use of social media Therefore, owing to the increasing prevalence and growing role of social media in the sports industry, the mastery of digital skills related to the useof social media is one of the aspects that is most sought after by employers In fact, the COVID-19 pandemic has recently boosted these demands as well as having further accelerated the process of digitalization of the sport sector Furthermore, owing to restrictions on citizens' mobility, the pandemic has also pushed distance learning methods (where social media serve as facilitators) to take on a more prominent role in the educational context Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive studies addressing the effectof these tools in the scope of sport management education;in addition, there are few studies that provideguidelines for teachers to incorporate social media into the different areas of the teaching-learning process Thus, this article focuses on the inclusion that social media have in sport management studies and also presents a proposal for the classification and possible application of social media which, owing to their characteristics and educational/labor potential, are considered suitable for introducing them into sport management courses Furthermore, this studyaims to encourage the sport management teaching community to introduce social media into the dynamics of their courses, given their pedagogical value, and the positive effectthey have on student education","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":"3706-3712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Policastro, Sardo Andrea, Yazbek Fadi, A. Accardo
{"title":"Kinematic assessment of the vertical jump in young basketball players","authors":"F. Policastro, Sardo Andrea, Yazbek Fadi, A. Accardo","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.s6438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s6438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of thermal stress, such as sauna, on the physiological parameters of older, overweight and physically active former athletes remains insufficiently investigated. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sauna first and then the combined effects of sauna and physical training on physiological parameters in overweight former elite athletes with hypertension and high levels of physical activity. Ten middle-aged former athletes who were overweight but physically active attended the first 10-minute sauna intervention (temperature 90-91°C; humidity: 14-16%) and the second intervention combining 20-minute training on a rowing ergometer training and a 10-minute sauna session one week later. Morphological and body composition parameters were determined before the first session. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after both training sessions. The participants were overweight (BMI – 27.83±0.7 kg/m, PBF – 22.65±4.6%) and had elevated lipid parameters (total cholesterol – 210.20±39.7 mg/dl; HDL – 40.00±7.9 mg/dL; LDL – 122.21±14.48 mg/dl; triglycerides – 200.00±96.07 mg/dl). The highest HR values were noted during rowing ergometer training (115.6±3.7 bpm), and the highest maximal values during sauna were observed after ergometer training (132.4±4.4 bpm). Two hours after sauna, BP values decreased to 142.3±2.7/91.7±2.7 mmHg, and a significant decrease to normal levels (135.6±3.9/84.3±3.5 mmHg) was observed after rowing ergometer training combined with sauna. In conclusion, 20-minute rowing ergometer training combined with a 10-minute sauna session significantly decreased blood pressure in former elite athletes. The lowest BP values were noted in the second hour of recovery.
{"title":"The physiological effects of sauna and rowing on former elite athletes with hypertension","authors":"R. Podstawski, K. Borysławski, Michał Boraczyński","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2020.03204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.03204","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of thermal stress, such as sauna, on the physiological parameters of older, overweight and physically active former athletes remains insufficiently investigated. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sauna first and then the combined effects of sauna and physical training on physiological parameters in overweight former elite athletes with hypertension and high levels of physical activity. Ten middle-aged former athletes who were overweight but physically active attended the first 10-minute sauna intervention (temperature 90-91°C; humidity: 14-16%) and the second intervention combining 20-minute training on a rowing ergometer training and a 10-minute sauna session one week later. Morphological and body composition parameters were determined before the first session. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after both training sessions. The participants were overweight (BMI – 27.83±0.7 kg/m, PBF – 22.65±4.6%) and had elevated lipid parameters (total cholesterol – 210.20±39.7 mg/dl; HDL – 40.00±7.9 mg/dL; LDL – 122.21±14.48 mg/dl; triglycerides – 200.00±96.07 mg/dl). The highest HR values were noted during rowing ergometer training (115.6±3.7 bpm), and the highest maximal values during sauna were observed after ergometer training (132.4±4.4 bpm). Two hours after sauna, BP values decreased to 142.3±2.7/91.7±2.7 mmHg, and a significant decrease to normal levels (135.6±3.9/84.3±3.5 mmHg) was observed after rowing ergometer training combined with sauna. In conclusion, 20-minute rowing ergometer training combined with a 10-minute sauna session significantly decreased blood pressure in former elite athletes. The lowest BP values were noted in the second hour of recovery.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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