首页 > 最新文献

World Electric Vehicle Journal最新文献

英文 中文
Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines 发展中国家电动汽车的营销战略和偏好分析:菲律宾的视角
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030111
John Robin R. Uy, A. K. Ong, J. D. German
The wide-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in developed countries represents a significant technological innovation and a step toward reducing carbon emissions from transportation. Conversely, in developing nations like the Philippines, the adoption and availability of EVs have not been as rapid or widespread compared to other countries. In identifying this gap, this study delved into the preferences and factors influencing Filipino consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs. The study gathered 311 valid responses utilizing conjoint analysis with an orthogonal approach to assess the attributes influencing customers’ purchase decisions. Conjoint analysis tools such as IBM SPSS v25 statistics were utilized to infer consumer preference. The results determined that cost is the primary concern for consumers by a considerable margin; followed by battery type and charging method; along with the type of EV, driving range, and charging speed; and most minor concern is regenerative brakes. Therefore, there is an apparent sensitivity to price and technology. This study is the first to apply conjoint analysis to the Philippine market, delivering in-depth consumer preference insights that can help manufacturers and policymakers customize their approach to making EVs more attractive and more viable in less developed markets. The results suggest that a targeted effort to overcome cost barriers and improve technological literacy among prospective buyers should be productive for speeding up EV adoption in the Philippines. The results could be extended in future research to a broader assessment of socioeconomic and environmental benefits, laying out a broader plan for promoting sustainable solutions in transportation.
电动汽车(EV)在发达国家的广泛应用是一项重大的技术创新,也是向减少交通碳排放迈出的一步。相反,在菲律宾等发展中国家,电动汽车的采用和普及却没有其他国家那么迅速和广泛。为找出这一差距,本研究深入探讨了影响菲律宾消费者购买电动汽车意愿的偏好和因素。研究利用正交联合分析法收集了 311 份有效回复,以评估影响消费者购买决策的属性。联合分析工具(如 IBM SPSS v25 统计工具)被用来推断消费者的偏好。结果表明,消费者最关心的是成本,其次是电池类型和充电方式,还有电动汽车类型、行驶里程和充电速度,最次要的是再生制动。因此,消费者对价格和技术有明显的敏感性。本研究首次将联合分析应用于菲律宾市场,提供了深入的消费者偏好洞察,可帮助制造商和政策制定者定制方法,使电动汽车在欠发达市场更具吸引力和可行性。研究结果表明,有针对性地克服成本障碍和提高潜在购买者的技术素养,对于加快菲律宾电动汽车的采用应该是卓有成效的。在未来的研究中,可以将这些结果扩展到对社会经济和环境效益的更广泛评估,为促进交通领域的可持续解决方案制定更广泛的计划。
{"title":"Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines","authors":"John Robin R. Uy, A. K. Ong, J. D. German","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030111","url":null,"abstract":"The wide-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in developed countries represents a significant technological innovation and a step toward reducing carbon emissions from transportation. Conversely, in developing nations like the Philippines, the adoption and availability of EVs have not been as rapid or widespread compared to other countries. In identifying this gap, this study delved into the preferences and factors influencing Filipino consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs. The study gathered 311 valid responses utilizing conjoint analysis with an orthogonal approach to assess the attributes influencing customers’ purchase decisions. Conjoint analysis tools such as IBM SPSS v25 statistics were utilized to infer consumer preference. The results determined that cost is the primary concern for consumers by a considerable margin; followed by battery type and charging method; along with the type of EV, driving range, and charging speed; and most minor concern is regenerative brakes. Therefore, there is an apparent sensitivity to price and technology. This study is the first to apply conjoint analysis to the Philippine market, delivering in-depth consumer preference insights that can help manufacturers and policymakers customize their approach to making EVs more attractive and more viable in less developed markets. The results suggest that a targeted effort to overcome cost barriers and improve technological literacy among prospective buyers should be productive for speeding up EV adoption in the Philippines. The results could be extended in future research to a broader assessment of socioeconomic and environmental benefits, laying out a broader plan for promoting sustainable solutions in transportation.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of a Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles 电动汽车无线电力传输系统的设计与实施
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030110
Vekil Sari
Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, which have been around for decades, have recently become very popular with the widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, an inductive coupling WPT system with a series–series compensation topology was designed and implemented for use in EVs. Initially, a 3D Maxwell (ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18) model of the system was generated. The impact of individual parameters on the coupling coefficient was analyzed through systematic variations in each parameter’s values. As a result, a system with a higher coupling coefficient was obtained. Using this system, three distinct load cases were investigated for their efficiency in the Simplorer (ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18) circuit. Subsequently, a prototype of the system was constructed, and the experimental results were compared with the model’s results. This study shows that both the output power and the efficiency of the system increase as the load resistance increases. The results obtained in this study are anticipated to offer valuable insights for the enhancement of WPT system design.
无线电力传输(WPT)系统已有几十年的历史,最近随着电动汽车(EV)的广泛使用而变得非常流行。在这项研究中,我们设计并实现了一种具有串联补偿拓扑结构的电感耦合 WPT 系统,可用于电动汽车。首先,生成了系统的三维麦克斯韦(ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18)模型。通过系统地改变每个参数的值,分析了各个参数对耦合系数的影响。结果,得到了一个耦合系数较高的系统。利用该系统,在 Simplorer(ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18)电路中对三种不同的负载情况进行了效率研究。随后,构建了系统原型,并将实验结果与模型结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,随着负载电阻的增加,系统的输出功率和效率都会提高。本研究获得的结果有望为改进 WPT 系统设计提供有价值的启示。
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Vekil Sari","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030110","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, which have been around for decades, have recently become very popular with the widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, an inductive coupling WPT system with a series–series compensation topology was designed and implemented for use in EVs. Initially, a 3D Maxwell (ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18) model of the system was generated. The impact of individual parameters on the coupling coefficient was analyzed through systematic variations in each parameter’s values. As a result, a system with a higher coupling coefficient was obtained. Using this system, three distinct load cases were investigated for their efficiency in the Simplorer (ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 18) circuit. Subsequently, a prototype of the system was constructed, and the experimental results were compared with the model’s results. This study shows that both the output power and the efficiency of the system increase as the load resistance increases. The results obtained in this study are anticipated to offer valuable insights for the enhancement of WPT system design.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Study of Reinforced Aluminum Composites for Steering Knuckles in Last-Mile Electric Vehicles 最后一英里电动汽车转向节用强化铝复合材料的数值研究
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030109
Carlos Santana, L. Reyes-Osorio, Jesus Orona-Hinojos, Lizbeth Huerta, Alfredo Rios, P. Zambrano-Robledo
The steering knuckle is a critical component of the suspension and steering drive systems of electric vehicles. The electrification of last-mile vehicles presents a challenge in terms of cost, driving range and compensation of battery weight. This work presents a numerical methodology to evaluate 60XX series aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) with reinforcement ceramic particles for steering knuckle components in medium heavy-duty last-mile cargo vehicles. The use of AMMCs provides lightweight knuckles with sufficient strength, stiffness and safety conditions for electrical vehicle cargo configurations. The numerical study includes three aluminum alloys, two AMMC alloys and an Al 6061-T6 alloy as reference materials. The medium-duty heavy vehicle class < 12 t, such as electrical vehicle cargo configurations, is considered for the numerical study (class 1–4). The maximum von Mises stress for class 4 AMMC alloys exceeds 350 MPa, limited by fracture toughness. The weight reduction is about 65% when compared with commercial cast iron. Moreover, Al 6061-T6 alloys exhibit stress values surpassing 300 MPa, constraining their suitability for heavier vehicles. The study proposes assessing the feasibility of implementing AMMC alloys in critical components like steering knuckles and suggests solutions to enhance conventional vehicle suspension systems and overcome associated challenges. It aims to serve as a lightweight design guide, offering insights into stress variations with differing load conditions across various cargo vehicles.
转向节是电动汽车悬挂和转向驱动系统的关键部件。最后一英里车辆的电气化在成本、行驶里程和电池重量补偿方面提出了挑战。本研究提出了一种数值方法,用于评估 60XX 系列铝金属基复合材料(AMMC)与增强陶瓷颗粒在中型重载末端货运车辆转向节部件中的应用。使用 AMMC 可使转向节具有足够的强度、刚度和安全性能,适用于电动货运车辆。数值研究包括三种铝合金、两种 AMMC 合金和一种 Al 6061-T6 合金作为参考材料。数值研究考虑的是小于 12 吨的中型重型车辆级别(如电动汽车货物配置)(级别 1-4)。受断裂韧性的限制,4 级 AMMC 合金的最大 von Mises 应力超过 350 兆帕。与商用铸铁相比,重量减轻了约 65%。此外,铝 6061-T6 合金的应力值超过了 300 兆帕,限制了其在重型车辆上的适用性。该研究建议评估在转向节等关键部件中采用 AMMC 合金的可行性,并提出解决方案,以增强传统汽车悬挂系统并克服相关挑战。该研究旨在作为轻量化设计指南,深入探讨各种货运车辆在不同载荷条件下的应力变化。
{"title":"Numerical Study of Reinforced Aluminum Composites for Steering Knuckles in Last-Mile Electric Vehicles","authors":"Carlos Santana, L. Reyes-Osorio, Jesus Orona-Hinojos, Lizbeth Huerta, Alfredo Rios, P. Zambrano-Robledo","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030109","url":null,"abstract":"The steering knuckle is a critical component of the suspension and steering drive systems of electric vehicles. The electrification of last-mile vehicles presents a challenge in terms of cost, driving range and compensation of battery weight. This work presents a numerical methodology to evaluate 60XX series aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) with reinforcement ceramic particles for steering knuckle components in medium heavy-duty last-mile cargo vehicles. The use of AMMCs provides lightweight knuckles with sufficient strength, stiffness and safety conditions for electrical vehicle cargo configurations. The numerical study includes three aluminum alloys, two AMMC alloys and an Al 6061-T6 alloy as reference materials. The medium-duty heavy vehicle class < 12 t, such as electrical vehicle cargo configurations, is considered for the numerical study (class 1–4). The maximum von Mises stress for class 4 AMMC alloys exceeds 350 MPa, limited by fracture toughness. The weight reduction is about 65% when compared with commercial cast iron. Moreover, Al 6061-T6 alloys exhibit stress values surpassing 300 MPa, constraining their suitability for heavier vehicles. The study proposes assessing the feasibility of implementing AMMC alloys in critical components like steering knuckles and suggests solutions to enhance conventional vehicle suspension systems and overcome associated challenges. It aims to serve as a lightweight design guide, offering insights into stress variations with differing load conditions across various cargo vehicles.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indicators of Potential Use of Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas: A Real-Life Survey-Based Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia 城市地区电动汽车潜在使用指标:沙特阿拉伯海尔的实际生活调查研究
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030108
Abdulmohsen A. Al-fouzan, Radwan A. Almasri
This study aimed to uncover the attitudes, preferences, and perceptions of Hail residents toward electric vehicles (EVs) by employing a real-life survey-based approach. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the potential adoption and impact of EVs to clarify the picture of the transition from using traditional vehicles to using EVs in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. Hail is rapidly becoming a more urbanized city; in the past few decades, the city’s area has expanded from 3242 to 17,526 hectares, and its population has increased dramatically from 82,900 in 1984 to 344,111 in present day. As a result, the city is facing increasingly difficult challenges related to rising vehicle emissions and environmental degradation. A survey was conducted among a diverse group of 346 participants. The survey results show an average of 3.15 cars per family, which indicates a strong connection with personal vehicles. The survey provides a comprehensive picture of the respondents’ socioeconomic background, indicating an average household size of 5.8 people and an average monthly income of SR 13,350. The key findings from the survey reveal that approximately 52.3% of the respondents have 3–4 family members, and nearly half of the families own one or two cars. Government employees formed a major proportion of the respondents. The results show a significant inclination toward EVs, with 78.6% of the participants being aware of EV charging stations and 37.9% expressing a positive attitude towards switching to electric vehicles. Despite this, a large majority (88.7%) have never driven an electric car. The respondents’ driving habits are further explored in the survey, which reveals an average of 2.1 h of daily driving. Furthermore, the respondents disclosed an average weekly fuel expenditure of SR 235. The results also highlight that the average weekly cost for fuel varies among the respondents, with most respondents spending no more than SR 300 per week. Additionally, this study examined the daily vehicle mileage, revealing that 37.9% of the respondents have a daily mileage of 51 to 100 km, which impacts the planning of charging station capacities and locations. The findings suggest a growing interest in EVs and highlight the need for strategic infrastructure development to support the anticipated surge in EV adoption.
本研究旨在通过基于真实生活的调查方法,了解海尔市居民对电动汽车(EV)的态度、偏好和看法。本文对电动汽车的潜在应用和影响进行了深入分析,以阐明沙特阿拉伯海尔市从使用传统车辆向使用电动汽车过渡的情况。海尔市正在迅速成为一个城市化程度越来越高的城市;在过去的几十年里,该市的面积从 3242 公顷扩大到 17526 公顷,人口也从 1984 年的 82900 人急剧增加到现在的 344111 人。因此,该市正面临着与汽车尾气排放增加和环境恶化有关的日益严峻的挑战。我们对 346 名参与者进行了一项调查。调查结果显示,平均每个家庭拥有 3.15 辆汽车,这表明人们与个人车辆有着密切的联系。调查全面反映了受访者的社会经济背景,显示平均家庭规模为 5.8 人,平均月收入为 13,350 波兰里拉。调查的主要结果显示,约 52.3% 的受访者有 3-4 名家庭成员,近一半的家庭拥有一辆或两辆汽车。政府雇员在受访者中占很大比例。结果显示,78.6% 的受访者知道电动汽车充电站,37.9% 的受访者对改用电动汽车持积极态度。尽管如此,绝大多数人(88.7%)从未驾驶过电动汽车。调查进一步探究了受访者的驾驶习惯,结果显示受访者平均每天驾驶 2.1 小时。此外,受访者披露的每周平均燃料支出为 235 韩元。调查结果还突出表明,受访者每周的平均燃料费用各不相同,大多数受访者每周的燃料费用不超过 300 波兰里拉。此外,本研究还对车辆的日行驶里程进行了调查,结果显示 37.9% 的受访者的日行驶里程在 51 至 100 公里之间,这对充电站的容量和位置规划产生了影响。研究结果表明,人们对电动汽车的兴趣与日俱增,并强调了战略性基础设施发展的必要性,以支持电动汽车应用的预期激增。
{"title":"Indicators of Potential Use of Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas: A Real-Life Survey-Based Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulmohsen A. Al-fouzan, Radwan A. Almasri","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030108","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to uncover the attitudes, preferences, and perceptions of Hail residents toward electric vehicles (EVs) by employing a real-life survey-based approach. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the potential adoption and impact of EVs to clarify the picture of the transition from using traditional vehicles to using EVs in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. Hail is rapidly becoming a more urbanized city; in the past few decades, the city’s area has expanded from 3242 to 17,526 hectares, and its population has increased dramatically from 82,900 in 1984 to 344,111 in present day. As a result, the city is facing increasingly difficult challenges related to rising vehicle emissions and environmental degradation. A survey was conducted among a diverse group of 346 participants. The survey results show an average of 3.15 cars per family, which indicates a strong connection with personal vehicles. The survey provides a comprehensive picture of the respondents’ socioeconomic background, indicating an average household size of 5.8 people and an average monthly income of SR 13,350. The key findings from the survey reveal that approximately 52.3% of the respondents have 3–4 family members, and nearly half of the families own one or two cars. Government employees formed a major proportion of the respondents. The results show a significant inclination toward EVs, with 78.6% of the participants being aware of EV charging stations and 37.9% expressing a positive attitude towards switching to electric vehicles. Despite this, a large majority (88.7%) have never driven an electric car. The respondents’ driving habits are further explored in the survey, which reveals an average of 2.1 h of daily driving. Furthermore, the respondents disclosed an average weekly fuel expenditure of SR 235. The results also highlight that the average weekly cost for fuel varies among the respondents, with most respondents spending no more than SR 300 per week. Additionally, this study examined the daily vehicle mileage, revealing that 37.9% of the respondents have a daily mileage of 51 to 100 km, which impacts the planning of charging station capacities and locations. The findings suggest a growing interest in EVs and highlight the need for strategic infrastructure development to support the anticipated surge in EV adoption.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of Improved Gate Driver Circuit for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control 设计和实现用于无传感器永磁同步电机控制的改进型栅极驱动电路
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030106
Indra Ferdiansyah, Tsuyoshi Hanamoto
Reliable motor control is important for electric vehicle applications. The control process requires accurate measurements of the current and rotor position information to establish correct motor control design, particularly in sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems. Practical issues regarding the motor control circuit, such as the effects of parasitic element behavior on the switching components in the insulated gate bipolar transistor-driven inverter, were discussed in this study. It analyzed the effects of parasitic elements that can cause the ringing of switching losses and affect the spike of the signal in the motor current, which must be avoided in the implementation of motor control. The gate driver circuit topology was improved to reduce this effect in motor control devices. The proposed gate driver circuit design with the ringing suppression circuit configuration achieved good performance by keeping the signal spike at less than 10% in the motor current. Furthermore, a signal spike or noise was not observed in the estimation results of rotor position when using current information as the parameter control process. Both conditions were verified by experiments on the designed motor control devices. Under these conditions, signal precision can be achieved in motor control.
可靠的电机控制对于电动汽车应用非常重要。控制过程需要精确测量电流和转子位置信息,以确定正确的电机控制设计,特别是在无传感器永磁同步电机控制系统中。本研究讨论了电机控制电路的实际问题,如寄生元件行为对绝缘栅双极晶体管驱动逆变器中开关元件的影响。它分析了寄生元件的影响,这些寄生元件会导致开关损耗振铃,并影响电机电流中的信号尖峰,在实现电机控制时必须避免这些影响。为了减少电机控制设备中的这种影响,对栅极驱动器电路拓扑结构进行了改进。建议的栅极驱动器电路设计采用振铃抑制电路配置,通过将电机电流中的信号尖峰保持在 10%以下,实现了良好的性能。此外,在使用电流信息作为参数控制过程时,转子位置的估计结果中也没有观察到信号尖峰或噪声。这两个条件都在所设计的电机控制设备上得到了实验验证。在这些条件下,电机控制可以实现信号精度。
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Improved Gate Driver Circuit for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control","authors":"Indra Ferdiansyah, Tsuyoshi Hanamoto","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030106","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable motor control is important for electric vehicle applications. The control process requires accurate measurements of the current and rotor position information to establish correct motor control design, particularly in sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems. Practical issues regarding the motor control circuit, such as the effects of parasitic element behavior on the switching components in the insulated gate bipolar transistor-driven inverter, were discussed in this study. It analyzed the effects of parasitic elements that can cause the ringing of switching losses and affect the spike of the signal in the motor current, which must be avoided in the implementation of motor control. The gate driver circuit topology was improved to reduce this effect in motor control devices. The proposed gate driver circuit design with the ringing suppression circuit configuration achieved good performance by keeping the signal spike at less than 10% in the motor current. Furthermore, a signal spike or noise was not observed in the estimation results of rotor position when using current information as the parameter control process. Both conditions were verified by experiments on the designed motor control devices. Under these conditions, signal precision can be achieved in motor control.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on Vehicle Frame Optimization Methods Based on the Combination of Size Optimization and Topology Optimization 基于尺寸优化和拓扑优化相结合的车架优化方法研究
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030107
Qun He, Xinning Li, Wenjie Mao, Xianhai Yang, Hu Wu
The efficient development of electric vehicles is essential to drive society towards sustainable development. Designing a lightweight frame is a key strategy to improve the economy and environment, increase energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Taking an automatic loading and unloading mixer truck as the research object, a force analysis of its frame was conducted under six typical working conditions. A size optimization method based on a hybrid model of the Kriging model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. An approximate model of the mass and maximum stress of the frame was established using the Kriging model, and the Kriging model was optimized by using the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm and the AHP method. Meanwhile, topology optimization was introduced to improve the structural performance of the frame and reduce its weight. The optimization results show that the overall weight of the frame is reduced by 11.96% compared to the pre-optimization period, though it still meets the material performance specifications. By comparing the iterative curves of the single Kriging model with those of the AHP model, it can be seen that the initial optimization efficiency of the hybrid model is about twice as much as that of the AHP model, and the final optimization result is improved by about 3.6% compared with the Kriging model. This validates the hybrid model as an effective tool for the multi-objective optimization of electric vehicle frames, providing more efficient and accurate optimization results for frame design.
电动汽车的高效发展对于推动社会实现可持续发展至关重要。设计轻质车架是改善经济和环境、提高能效和减少碳排放的关键策略。以自动装卸搅拌车为研究对象,在六种典型工况下对其车架进行了受力分析。提出了一种基于克里金模型和层次分析法(AHP)混合模型的尺寸优化方法。利用克里金模型建立了车架质量和最大应力的近似模型,并利用多目标遗传优化算法和 AHP 方法对克里金模型进行了优化。同时,为了改善车架的结构性能并减轻其重量,引入了拓扑优化。优化结果表明,在满足材料性能指标的前提下,框架的整体重量比优化前减轻了 11.96%。通过比较单一克里金模型与 AHP 模型的迭代曲线,可以看出混合模型的初始优化效率约为 AHP 模型的两倍,最终优化结果比克里金模型提高了约 3.6%。这验证了混合模型是电动汽车车架多目标优化的有效工具,可为车架设计提供更高效、更准确的优化结果。
{"title":"Research on Vehicle Frame Optimization Methods Based on the Combination of Size Optimization and Topology Optimization","authors":"Qun He, Xinning Li, Wenjie Mao, Xianhai Yang, Hu Wu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030107","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient development of electric vehicles is essential to drive society towards sustainable development. Designing a lightweight frame is a key strategy to improve the economy and environment, increase energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Taking an automatic loading and unloading mixer truck as the research object, a force analysis of its frame was conducted under six typical working conditions. A size optimization method based on a hybrid model of the Kriging model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. An approximate model of the mass and maximum stress of the frame was established using the Kriging model, and the Kriging model was optimized by using the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm and the AHP method. Meanwhile, topology optimization was introduced to improve the structural performance of the frame and reduce its weight. The optimization results show that the overall weight of the frame is reduced by 11.96% compared to the pre-optimization period, though it still meets the material performance specifications. By comparing the iterative curves of the single Kriging model with those of the AHP model, it can be seen that the initial optimization efficiency of the hybrid model is about twice as much as that of the AHP model, and the final optimization result is improved by about 3.6% compared with the Kriging model. This validates the hybrid model as an effective tool for the multi-objective optimization of electric vehicle frames, providing more efficient and accurate optimization results for frame design.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inclined Obstacle Recognition and Ranging Method in Farmland Based on Improved YOLOv8 基于改进型 YOLOv8 的农田倾斜障碍物识别与测距方法
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030104
Xianghai Yan, Bingxin Chen, Mengnan Liu, Yifan Zhao, Liyou Xu
Unmanned tractors under ploughing conditions suffer from body tilting, violent shaking and limited hardware resources, which can reduce the detection accuracy of unmanned tractors for field obstacles. We optimize the YOLOv8 model in three aspects: improving the accuracy of detecting tilted obstacles, computational reduction, and adding a visual ranging mechanism. By introducing Funnel ReLU, a self-constructed inclined obstacle dataset, and embedding an SE attention mechanism, these three methods improve detection accuracy. By using MobileNetv2 and Bi FPN, computational reduction, and adding camera ranging instead of LIDAR ranging, the hardware cost is reduced. After completing the model improvement, comparative tests and real-vehicle validation are carried out, and the validation results show that the average detection accuracy of the improved model reaches 98.84% of the mAP value, which is 2.34% higher than that of the original model. The computation amount of the same image is reduced from 2.35 billion floating-point computations to 1.28 billion, which is 45.53% less than the model computation amount. The monitoring frame rate during the movement of the test vehicle reaches 67 FPS, and the model meets the performance requirements of unmanned tractors under normal operating conditions.
耕地条件下的无人驾驶拖拉机存在车身倾斜、剧烈晃动和硬件资源有限等问题,会降低无人驾驶拖拉机对田间障碍物的探测精度。我们从三个方面对 YOLOv8 模型进行了优化:提高倾斜障碍物的探测精度、减少计算量和增加视觉测距机制。通过引入 Funnel ReLU、自建倾斜障碍物数据集和嵌入 SE 注意机制,这三种方法提高了检测精度。通过使用 MobileNetv2 和 Bi FPN、减少计算量、增加摄像头测距而不是激光雷达测距,降低了硬件成本。完成模型改进后,进行了对比测试和实车验证,验证结果表明,改进后模型的平均检测精度达到了 mAP 值的 98.84%,比原模型提高了 2.34%。同一图像的计算量从 23.5 亿次浮点运算减少到 12.8 亿次,比模型计算量减少了 45.53%。测试车辆移动过程中的监控帧速率达到 67 FPS,模型满足无人驾驶拖拉机在正常工作条件下的性能要求。
{"title":"Inclined Obstacle Recognition and Ranging Method in Farmland Based on Improved YOLOv8","authors":"Xianghai Yan, Bingxin Chen, Mengnan Liu, Yifan Zhao, Liyou Xu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030104","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned tractors under ploughing conditions suffer from body tilting, violent shaking and limited hardware resources, which can reduce the detection accuracy of unmanned tractors for field obstacles. We optimize the YOLOv8 model in three aspects: improving the accuracy of detecting tilted obstacles, computational reduction, and adding a visual ranging mechanism. By introducing Funnel ReLU, a self-constructed inclined obstacle dataset, and embedding an SE attention mechanism, these three methods improve detection accuracy. By using MobileNetv2 and Bi FPN, computational reduction, and adding camera ranging instead of LIDAR ranging, the hardware cost is reduced. After completing the model improvement, comparative tests and real-vehicle validation are carried out, and the validation results show that the average detection accuracy of the improved model reaches 98.84% of the mAP value, which is 2.34% higher than that of the original model. The computation amount of the same image is reduced from 2.35 billion floating-point computations to 1.28 billion, which is 45.53% less than the model computation amount. The monitoring frame rate during the movement of the test vehicle reaches 67 FPS, and the model meets the performance requirements of unmanned tractors under normal operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reuse of Retired Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) from the Perspective of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in Taiwan 从台湾生产者延伸责任(EPR)的角度看电动汽车(EV)退役锂离子电池(LIB)的再利用问题
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030105
Yu-Sen Chuang, Hong-Ping Cheng, Chin-Chi Cheng
Over the last 50 years since Whittingham created the world’s first lithium-ion battery (LIB) in 1970, LIBs have continued to develop and have become mainstream for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. However, when an LIB for an EV reaches 80% of its state of health (SOH), although it still retains about 80% of its capacity, it is no longer suitable for use in general EVs and must be retired. This is problematic because not only is a retired LIB still viable for use and not totally obsolete, if not properly disposed of, a retired LIB may cause environmental pollution on top of being a waste of resources. Therefore, the reuse of retired LIBs from EVs is increasingly important. This paper uses circular economy (CE) and extended producer responsibility (EPR) as a theoretical basis to deal with the disposal of retired LIBs from EVs in Taiwan from legal, technical, and economic perspectives, and hopes to provide suggestions for the reuse of retired LIBs from EVs in Taiwan.
自 1970 年惠廷厄姆(Whittingham)发明世界上第一块锂离子电池(LIB)以来的 50 年间,锂离子电池不断发展,已成为电动汽车(EV)电池的主流。然而,当用于电动汽车的锂离子电池达到其健康状态(SOH)的 80% 时,虽然仍能保持约 80% 的容量,但已不再适合用于普通电动汽车,必须报废。这是个问题,因为退役的 LIB 不仅仍可使用,并未完全报废,而且如果处理不当,退役的 LIB 除了浪费资源外,还可能造成环境污染。因此,对电动汽车退役 LIB 的再利用变得越来越重要。本文以循环经济(CE)和生产者延伸责任(EPR)为理论基础,从法律、技术、经济等角度探讨台湾地区电动车报废LIB的处理问题,希望为台湾地区电动车报废LIB的再利用提供建议。
{"title":"Reuse of Retired Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) from the Perspective of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Sen Chuang, Hong-Ping Cheng, Chin-Chi Cheng","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030105","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 50 years since Whittingham created the world’s first lithium-ion battery (LIB) in 1970, LIBs have continued to develop and have become mainstream for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. However, when an LIB for an EV reaches 80% of its state of health (SOH), although it still retains about 80% of its capacity, it is no longer suitable for use in general EVs and must be retired. This is problematic because not only is a retired LIB still viable for use and not totally obsolete, if not properly disposed of, a retired LIB may cause environmental pollution on top of being a waste of resources. Therefore, the reuse of retired LIBs from EVs is increasingly important. This paper uses circular economy (CE) and extended producer responsibility (EPR) as a theoretical basis to deal with the disposal of retired LIBs from EVs in Taiwan from legal, technical, and economic perspectives, and hopes to provide suggestions for the reuse of retired LIBs from EVs in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BI-TST_YOLOv5: Ground Defect Recognition Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5 Model BI-TST_YOLOv5:基于改进的 YOLOv5 模型的地面缺陷识别算法
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030102
Jiahao Qin, Xiaofeng Yang, Tianyi Zhang, Shuilan Bi
Pavement defect detection technology stands as a pivotal component within intelligent driving systems, demanding heightened precision and rapid detection rates. Addressing the complexities arising from diverse defect types and intricate backgrounds in visual sensing, this study introduces an enhanced approach to augment the network structure and activation function within the foundational YOLOv5 algorithm. Initially, modifications to the YOLOv5’s architecture incorporate an adjustment to the Leaky ReLU activation function, thereby enhancing regression stability and accuracy. Subsequently, the integration of bi-level routing attention into the network’s head layer optimizes the attention mechanism, notably improving overall efficiency. Additionally, the replacement of the YOLOv5 backbone layer’s C3 module with the C3-TST module enhances initial convergence efficiency in target detection. Comparative analysis against the original YOLOv5s network reveals a 2% enhancement in map50 and a 1.8% improvement in F1, signifying an overall advancement in network performance. The initial convergence rate of the algorithm has been improved, and the accuracy and operational efficiency have also been greatly improved, especially on models with small-scale training sets.
路面缺陷检测技术是智能驾驶系统的重要组成部分,要求更高的精度和更快的检测率。针对不同缺陷类型和复杂的视觉传感背景所带来的复杂性,本研究引入了一种增强型方法,以增强基础 YOLOv5 算法中的网络结构和激活函数。首先,对 YOLOv5 架构进行修改,调整 Leaky ReLU 激活函数,从而提高回归的稳定性和准确性。随后,将双层路由注意力整合到网络的头部层,优化了注意力机制,显著提高了整体效率。此外,用 C3-TST 模块替换了 YOLOv5 主干层的 C3 模块,提高了目标检测的初始收敛效率。与原始 YOLOv5s 网络的对比分析表明,map50 提高了 2%,F1 提高了 1.8%,这表明网络性能有了全面提升。算法的初始收敛率得到了提高,准确性和运行效率也得到了极大改善,尤其是在训练集规模较小的模型上。
{"title":"BI-TST_YOLOv5: Ground Defect Recognition Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5 Model","authors":"Jiahao Qin, Xiaofeng Yang, Tianyi Zhang, Shuilan Bi","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030102","url":null,"abstract":"Pavement defect detection technology stands as a pivotal component within intelligent driving systems, demanding heightened precision and rapid detection rates. Addressing the complexities arising from diverse defect types and intricate backgrounds in visual sensing, this study introduces an enhanced approach to augment the network structure and activation function within the foundational YOLOv5 algorithm. Initially, modifications to the YOLOv5’s architecture incorporate an adjustment to the Leaky ReLU activation function, thereby enhancing regression stability and accuracy. Subsequently, the integration of bi-level routing attention into the network’s head layer optimizes the attention mechanism, notably improving overall efficiency. Additionally, the replacement of the YOLOv5 backbone layer’s C3 module with the C3-TST module enhances initial convergence efficiency in target detection. Comparative analysis against the original YOLOv5s network reveals a 2% enhancement in map50 and a 1.8% improvement in F1, signifying an overall advancement in network performance. The initial convergence rate of the algorithm has been improved, and the accuracy and operational efficiency have also been greatly improved, especially on models with small-scale training sets.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electric Trolley Prototype for Goods and People Transport on Ziplines 用于在滑索上运送货物和人员的电动手推车原型
IF 2.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15030100
Ettore Bianco, Claudio Giannuzzi, Andrés Felipe Corredor Pablos, Vicente Alfredo Peña Reyes, Davide Berti Polato
The increasing demand for efficient and cost-effective transportation solutions has led to the exploration of unconventional modes of transportation, such as ziplines. This paper presents the development of an electric prototype for a trolley that can be used for the simultaneous transport of goods and people on ziplines. The prototype is designed with a modular system that allows for easy customization based on the cargo’s weight and size. Two lightweight Maxon motors have been integrated for traction purposes with two Maxon inverters and a low-voltage swappable battery pack. The trolley’s chassis is made of lightweight materials, such as aluminum, making it highly maneuverable and capable of traveling at high speeds. The lightweight permits the operators to detach the trolley from the zipline when needed. The prototype’s traction and braking systems are controlled through a user-friendly interface, making it easy to operate, and with the possibility of a robust and automatic routine for goods transport. In this article, we present the simulation for the design and testing of the prototype, as well as its potential applications in various industries, such as mining, agriculture, and emergency services. Our results show that the prototype is a viable solution for zipline-based transportation, with high efficiency and performance standards. Further research and development are being conducted to optimize the prototype’s performance and expand its applications.
随着人们对高效、经济的运输解决方案的需求日益增长,人们开始探索拉索等非常规运输方式。本文介绍了一种电动手推车原型的开发情况,这种手推车可用于在滑索上同时运送货物和人员。该原型采用模块化系统设计,可根据货物的重量和尺寸轻松定制。两个轻型 Maxon 电机与两个 Maxon 逆变器和一个低压可更换电池组集成在一起,用于牵引。小车的底盘由铝等轻质材料制成,因此具有很高的机动性,能够高速行驶。由于重量轻,操作员可以在需要时将小车从滑索上拆卸下来。原型车的牵引和制动系统由用户友好界面控制,操作简便,可实现稳健的自动例行货物运输。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了原型车的模拟设计和测试,以及它在采矿、农业和应急服务等不同行业的潜在应用。我们的研究结果表明,该原型是一种可行的拉链式运输解决方案,具有很高的效率和性能标准。目前正在进行进一步的研究和开发,以优化原型的性能并扩大其应用范围。
{"title":"Electric Trolley Prototype for Goods and People Transport on Ziplines","authors":"Ettore Bianco, Claudio Giannuzzi, Andrés Felipe Corredor Pablos, Vicente Alfredo Peña Reyes, Davide Berti Polato","doi":"10.3390/wevj15030100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15030100","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for efficient and cost-effective transportation solutions has led to the exploration of unconventional modes of transportation, such as ziplines. This paper presents the development of an electric prototype for a trolley that can be used for the simultaneous transport of goods and people on ziplines. The prototype is designed with a modular system that allows for easy customization based on the cargo’s weight and size. Two lightweight Maxon motors have been integrated for traction purposes with two Maxon inverters and a low-voltage swappable battery pack. The trolley’s chassis is made of lightweight materials, such as aluminum, making it highly maneuverable and capable of traveling at high speeds. The lightweight permits the operators to detach the trolley from the zipline when needed. The prototype’s traction and braking systems are controlled through a user-friendly interface, making it easy to operate, and with the possibility of a robust and automatic routine for goods transport. In this article, we present the simulation for the design and testing of the prototype, as well as its potential applications in various industries, such as mining, agriculture, and emergency services. Our results show that the prototype is a viable solution for zipline-based transportation, with high efficiency and performance standards. Further research and development are being conducted to optimize the prototype’s performance and expand its applications.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
World Electric Vehicle Journal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1