Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2011.628583
Caroline Tagg, P. Seargeant
Abstract This article explores the bilingual practices of a community of English-speaking Thai nationals on two online platforms: a social network site (Facebook) and an instant messaging service (MSN). Through a discourse analysis of informal conversation exchanges, the article examines the ways in which these participants play with the two languages and writing systems through practices of code- and script-switching as well as orthographic variation, and it shows how these practices contribute to the construction of interpersonal meaning, the negotiation of relationships, and the performance of social identity in these online contexts. One interesting finding which this study reports is that certain forms of orthographic variation occur not only in English but also in both romanised Thai and that written in the Thai script. This is in contrast to conclusions drawn in previous studies which find that non-Roman scripts are often imbued with values of tradition and purity and are therefore not open to the manipulation which characterises the use of the Roman script. The conclusion of this study is that, in the absence of paralinguistic cues online, the participants are drawing on all the semiotic resources available to them—including those supplied by different writing systems—in performing identities as modern, internationally-oriented Thais.
{"title":"Writing systems at play in Thai-English online interactions","authors":"Caroline Tagg, P. Seargeant","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2011.628583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2011.628583","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the bilingual practices of a community of English-speaking Thai nationals on two online platforms: a social network site (Facebook) and an instant messaging service (MSN). Through a discourse analysis of informal conversation exchanges, the article examines the ways in which these participants play with the two languages and writing systems through practices of code- and script-switching as well as orthographic variation, and it shows how these practices contribute to the construction of interpersonal meaning, the negotiation of relationships, and the performance of social identity in these online contexts. One interesting finding which this study reports is that certain forms of orthographic variation occur not only in English but also in both romanised Thai and that written in the Thai script. This is in contrast to conclusions drawn in previous studies which find that non-Roman scripts are often imbued with values of tradition and purity and are therefore not open to the manipulation which characterises the use of the Roman script. The conclusion of this study is that, in the absence of paralinguistic cues online, the participants are drawing on all the semiotic resources available to them—including those supplied by different writing systems—in performing identities as modern, internationally-oriented Thais.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"195 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2011.628583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60434511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.751348
I. Forster, S. Borgwaldt, Martin Neef
Abstract One of the specific features of language in comics is the relatively frequent occurrence of interjections, and onomatopoetica in general. Such words show remarkable variation in their written forms. In our study, we focus on these variations: We created a database of interjections′ spelling variants, based on six comics, and subsequently analysed them. First, we demonstrate that the variant spellings of interjections can be modelled within a formal theory of writing systems: Neef's Recoding Model of Graphematics, published in 2005, that distinguishes between orthography, i.e., the study of the spelling of words, and graphematics, i.e., the study of the relation between written forms and phonological representations. While theoretical models of writing systems often specifically exclude interjections from the scope of their theory, Neef's model includes them and furthermore predicts variation in their spellings. Second, we analyse which additional information can be transmitted through the choice of spelling variants, e.g., instead of , as well as by typographic means, i.e., variations in letter font, shape, size, colour, or orientation. We distinguish five possible functions which might be conveyed by the variant forms, including functions which go beyond the purpose of visualising audible phenomena (=phonetic function): alerting function, play function, relation function, and indexical function.
漫画语言的一个特点是感叹词和拟声词的出现相对频繁。这些词在书写形式上表现出显著的变化。在我们的研究中，我们专注于这些变化:我们基于六部漫画创建了一个感叹词拼写变化的数据库，然后对它们进行分析。首先，我们证明了感叹词的变体拼写可以在书写系统的形式理论中建模:2005年发表的Neef's Recoding Model of Graphematics，该理论区分了正字法(即对单词拼写的研究)和笔迹学(即对书写形式和语音表征之间关系的研究)。虽然写作系统的理论模型经常明确地将感叹词排除在他们的理论范围之外，但尼夫的模型包括了它们，并进一步预测了它们拼写的变化。其次，我们分析了哪些额外的信息可以通过选择拼写变体来传递，例如，代替，以及通过印刷手段，即字母字体、形状、大小、颜色或方向的变化。我们区分了变体形式可能传达的五种功能，包括超越听觉现象可视化目的的功能(=语音功能):提示功能、播放功能、关系功能和索引功能。
{"title":"Form follows function: Interjections and onomatopoetica in comics","authors":"I. Forster, S. Borgwaldt, Martin Neef","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.751348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.751348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the specific features of language in comics is the relatively frequent occurrence of interjections, and onomatopoetica in general. Such words show remarkable variation in their written forms. In our study, we focus on these variations: We created a database of interjections′ spelling variants, based on six comics, and subsequently analysed them. First, we demonstrate that the variant spellings of interjections can be modelled within a formal theory of writing systems: Neef's Recoding Model of Graphematics, published in 2005, that distinguishes between orthography, i.e., the study of the spelling of words, and graphematics, i.e., the study of the relation between written forms and phonological representations. While theoretical models of writing systems often specifically exclude interjections from the scope of their theory, Neef's model includes them and furthermore predicts variation in their spellings. Second, we analyse which additional information can be transmitted through the choice of spelling variants, e.g., instead of , as well as by typographic means, i.e., variations in letter font, shape, size, colour, or orientation. We distinguish five possible functions which might be conveyed by the variant forms, including functions which go beyond the purpose of visualising audible phenomena (=phonetic function): alerting function, play function, relation function, and indexical function.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"122 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.751348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.658163
Giovanni Depau
Abstract In this article, I present some considerations on the relationship between graphic realisation and orality in the specific framework of graffiti. These observations are based on a corpus of approximately 140 graffiti found in the city of Cagliari, the regional capital of Sardinia, Italy. More precisely, I focus on graphic deviations from written conventions (more or less established), in order to assert identity or to achieve a humorous effect. The sociolinguistic environment characterising the Sardinian area has an important influence on the production of these graffiti. In particular, the presence of two languages (Italian, the national language, and Sardinian, the minority language) plays an important role in the usages, underlying the linguistic phenomena observed. This regional language is the object of a valorisation policy at the regional level (Regional Act 26/1997) and at the national level (National Law 482/1999). In 2006, the Regional Council of Sardinia has formalised the employment of a standard variety (together with Italian, which keeps its institutional status) for the publication of the regional administration's official documents. Nonetheless, Italian is the most widespread language on the island and is used in both formal and informal contexts. These considerations may provide further elements to an understanding of the relationships between writing, oral practices, and social attitudes in bilingual contexts characterised by the coexistence of a highly standardised national language and a minority language without an official standard.
{"title":"How graffiti provide evidence on the relationship between writing, orality, and identity","authors":"Giovanni Depau","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.658163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.658163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, I present some considerations on the relationship between graphic realisation and orality in the specific framework of graffiti. These observations are based on a corpus of approximately 140 graffiti found in the city of Cagliari, the regional capital of Sardinia, Italy. More precisely, I focus on graphic deviations from written conventions (more or less established), in order to assert identity or to achieve a humorous effect. The sociolinguistic environment characterising the Sardinian area has an important influence on the production of these graffiti. In particular, the presence of two languages (Italian, the national language, and Sardinian, the minority language) plays an important role in the usages, underlying the linguistic phenomena observed. This regional language is the object of a valorisation policy at the regional level (Regional Act 26/1997) and at the national level (National Law 482/1999). In 2006, the Regional Council of Sardinia has formalised the employment of a standard variety (together with Italian, which keeps its institutional status) for the publication of the regional administration's official documents. Nonetheless, Italian is the most widespread language on the island and is used in both formal and informal contexts. These considerations may provide further elements to an understanding of the relationships between writing, oral practices, and social attitudes in bilingual contexts characterised by the coexistence of a highly standardised national language and a minority language without an official standard.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"185 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.658163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.744686
Helen Eaton, L. Schroeder
Abstract Orthographies should not only represent phonology, but meaning and grammar as well, at the morpheme, word and sentence levels. Developing an orthography does not therefore depend on phonological analysis alone, but must be based on a multi-level linguistic analysis. With respect to deciding how to divide a string of morphemes into written words, these different levels may be in conflict, with semantic, grammatical, phonological and sociolinguistic factors all jostling for supremacy. This paper examines a set of nine criteria developed by Van Dyken and Kutsch Lojenga for determining word breaks in a writing system. These criteria compete with one another for dominance in the Bantu languages described, so we focus on cases where the criteria conflict, and present ways in which these conflicts can be minimised and an optimal orthography achieved.
{"title":"Word break conflicts in Bantu languages: Skirmishes on many fronts","authors":"Helen Eaton, L. Schroeder","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.744686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.744686","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orthographies should not only represent phonology, but meaning and grammar as well, at the morpheme, word and sentence levels. Developing an orthography does not therefore depend on phonological analysis alone, but must be based on a multi-level linguistic analysis. With respect to deciding how to divide a string of morphemes into written words, these different levels may be in conflict, with semantic, grammatical, phonological and sociolinguistic factors all jostling for supremacy. This paper examines a set of nine criteria developed by Van Dyken and Kutsch Lojenga for determining word breaks in a writing system. These criteria compete with one another for dominance in the Bantu languages described, so we focus on cases where the criteria conflict, and present ways in which these conflicts can be minimised and an optimal orthography achieved.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"229 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.744686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.757457
B. Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid, K. Tamaoka, Sachiko Kiyama
1 Benedetta Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid, and Vivian Cook, Interdisciplinary approaches to second language writing systems 8 Renata F. I. Meuter and John F. Ehrich, The acquisition of an artificial logographic script and bilingual working memory: Evidence for L1-specific orthographic processing skills transfer in Chinese English bilinguals 30 Katsuo Tamaoka, Sachiko Kiyama, and Xiang-Juan Chu, How do native Chinese speakers learning Japanese as a second language understand Japanese kanji homophones? 47 Jessica L. Sturm, Meaning and orthography in L2 French 61 Kristin Lems, The effect of L1 orthography on the oral reading of adult English language learners 72 Lucien Brown, The use of visual/verbal and physical mnemonics in the teaching of Korean Hangul in an authentic L2 classroom context 91 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan, Maldivian Thaana, Japanese kana, and the representation of moras in writing 103 Lay Wah Lee, Hui Min Low, and Abdul Rashid Mohamed, Word count analysis of Malay language textbooks for the purpose of developing a Malay reading remedial programme
1 bendetta Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid和Vivian Cook，第二语言书写系统的跨学科方法8 Renata F. I. Meuter和John F. Ehrich，人工象形文字和双语工作记忆的习得:汉语和英语双语者的l2特定正字法处理技能转移的证据30 Katsuo Tamaoka, Sachiko Kiyama, Chu xiangjuan，如何理解日语作为第二语言的中国母语人士理解日语汉字同音异义字?47 Jessica L. Sturm，第二语言法语的意义和正字法61 Kristin Lems，第一语言正字法对成人英语学习者口语阅读的影响72 Lucien Brown，在真实的第二语言课堂环境中韩国语教学中视觉/口头和身体记忆法的使用91 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan，马尔代夫的Thaana，日本的假名和写作中的道德表现103 Lay Wah Lee, Hui Min Low和Abdul Rashid Mohamed，马来语教科书的字数分析，以发展马来语阅读补习计划
{"title":"2012 Volume Contents","authors":"B. Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid, K. Tamaoka, Sachiko Kiyama","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.757457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.757457","url":null,"abstract":"1 Benedetta Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid, and Vivian Cook, Interdisciplinary approaches to second language writing systems 8 Renata F. I. Meuter and John F. Ehrich, The acquisition of an artificial logographic script and bilingual working memory: Evidence for L1-specific orthographic processing skills transfer in Chinese English bilinguals 30 Katsuo Tamaoka, Sachiko Kiyama, and Xiang-Juan Chu, How do native Chinese speakers learning Japanese as a second language understand Japanese kanji homophones? 47 Jessica L. Sturm, Meaning and orthography in L2 French 61 Kristin Lems, The effect of L1 orthography on the oral reading of adult English language learners 72 Lucien Brown, The use of visual/verbal and physical mnemonics in the teaching of Korean Hangul in an authentic L2 classroom context 91 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan, Maldivian Thaana, Japanese kana, and the representation of moras in writing 103 Lay Wah Lee, Hui Min Low, and Abdul Rashid Mohamed, Word count analysis of Malay language textbooks for the purpose of developing a Malay reading remedial programme","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"242 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.757457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60436338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.683052
Tomi S. Melka, J. Stanley
Abstract Codex Seraphinianus with its non-conventional “script” and the dazzling pictorial elements has charmed and keeps charming readers, reaching a cult status among them. Luigi Serafini had the idea to commit the legacy of an invented fantastic world to “writing” by searching pictorial and scribal possibilities. Examination of Seraphinian, the alleged script, shows a highly individual form of handwriting. The tests (notation set, n-gram count, and positional analysis) do not intend to definitely resolve ambiguities, rather than provide a number of plausible options from a writing system perspective. Although there is zero credible evidence that Seraphinian is phonetic, the results may appeal to interested parties or to the potential contributors in the future for exploring other intellectual teases, whether real-world or constructed script systems.
{"title":"Performance of Seraphinian in reference to some statistical tests","authors":"Tomi S. Melka, J. Stanley","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.683052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.683052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Codex Seraphinianus with its non-conventional “script” and the dazzling pictorial elements has charmed and keeps charming readers, reaching a cult status among them. Luigi Serafini had the idea to commit the legacy of an invented fantastic world to “writing” by searching pictorial and scribal possibilities. Examination of Seraphinian, the alleged script, shows a highly individual form of handwriting. The tests (notation set, n-gram count, and positional analysis) do not intend to definitely resolve ambiguities, rather than provide a number of plausible options from a writing system perspective. Although there is zero credible evidence that Seraphinian is phonetic, the results may appeal to interested parties or to the potential contributors in the future for exploring other intellectual teases, whether real-world or constructed script systems.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"140 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.683052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.706658
Martin Neef
Abstract In writing system research, several scholars assume the existence of a component called “graphematics” (or a similar expression). Depending on the theoretical background, the concepts named in this way differ to quite a large extent, although in all cases graphematics is seen as related to, and at the same time different from, orthography. In this article, I want to discuss some of these different notions. The central aim, then, is to sketch a specific theoretical framework for the analysis of phonographic writing systems that distinguishes between two constituting modules of writing systems that build on each other. They are termed graphematics on the one hand and systematic orthography on the other. The model so far elaborates on data of German in the first place but could well be transferred to the study of other phonographic writing systems. The model is framed in the branch of linguistics that investigates properties of language as a system, as opposed to the branch that delves into the study of the use of such a system.
{"title":"Graphematics as part of a modular theory of phonographic writing systems","authors":"Martin Neef","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.706658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.706658","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In writing system research, several scholars assume the existence of a component called “graphematics” (or a similar expression). Depending on the theoretical background, the concepts named in this way differ to quite a large extent, although in all cases graphematics is seen as related to, and at the same time different from, orthography. In this article, I want to discuss some of these different notions. The central aim, then, is to sketch a specific theoretical framework for the analysis of phonographic writing systems that distinguishes between two constituting modules of writing systems that build on each other. They are termed graphematics on the one hand and systematic orthography on the other. The model so far elaborates on data of German in the first place but could well be transferred to the study of other phonographic writing systems. The model is framed in the branch of linguistics that investigates properties of language as a system, as opposed to the branch that delves into the study of the use of such a system.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"214 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.706658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.740432
V. Cook, B. Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid
What is writing for? The standard answers would include Halliday’s (2003) ideational function for communicating ideas and interpersonal function for relating to other people, or else the written language as a permanent record. Few would mention the idea of play. Yet many people enjoy playing games with writing, whether in the form of letter rearrangements of Scrabble†, anagrams in crossword puzzles, ambigrams in tattoos, iPhone games like Scramble, cross-language puns in billboards (Stefanowitsch, 2002), or signs, such as the following one supposedly posted in a Bucharest hotel lobby: ‘‘The lift is being fixed for the next day. During that time we regret that you will be unbearable’’ (quoted in Vaid, 2006). Attributes of the writing system are exploited by poets, such as the [twentieth century] lack of capital letters in e.e. cummings’ poetry or the [seventeenth century] use of shapes as in the angel-shaped poem of George Herbert, Easter Wings. Prose also exploits the writing system, as in the [eighteenth century] twirling of Uncle Toby’s cane in Tristram Shandy, the flowing LED capital letters of Chicago by Jenny Holzer, or the [twenty-first century] Tyne Line of Text Flow by Carol Sommer, Sue Downing and William Herbert, whose texts range from Latin to text messaging over 120 metres of Newcastle pavement. Significantly, this paragraph started with letter games and ended with public art: the writing system is played with in many ways and many different levels. Richard Gregory once observed that the distinctive thing about language is that it can create fictions, meaningful statements which do not correspond to the ‘‘real’’ world (Gregory, 1974); Jean-Paul Sartre argued that the crucial aspect of human language is its ability to describe what is not (Sartre, 1958/1943). The boundaries of human rule systems can be explored and deliberately transgressed. As depicted in Huizinga’s Homo Ludens (1955), play is a central aspect of human culture. According to Gregory Bateson (1972, p. 180), the meaning of play is ‘‘These actions in which we now engage do not denote what these actions for which they stand would denote’’. Hence in writing system terms, play is when things are not what they seem, when written text is used in ways that deliberately transcend the typical mode, drawing WRITING SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2012, 4 (2), 120 121
写作是为了什么?标准答案包括韩礼德(2003)的概念功能，用于交流思想，人际功能，用于与他人联系，或者书面语言作为永久记录。很少有人会提到游戏的概念。然而，许多人喜欢玩文字游戏，无论是《Scrabble》中的字母重排、填字游戏中的字谜、纹身中的歧义、《Scramble》等iPhone游戏、广告牌上的跨语言双关语，还是布加勒斯特一家酒店大堂张贴的告示，比如:“电梯将于第二天修理。在那段时间里，我们很遗憾你将无法忍受”(引用自Vaid, 2006)。诗人利用了书写系统的属性，例如[20世纪]e.e.卡明斯诗歌中没有大写字母，或[17世纪]乔治·赫伯特的天使形诗歌《复活节之翼》中使用形状。散文也利用了书写系统，如[18世纪]《崔斯特拉姆·尚迪》中托比叔叔的手杖旋转，珍妮·霍尔泽的芝加哥流动的LED大写字母，或[21世纪]卡罗尔·索默、苏·唐宁和威廉·赫伯特的《泰恩文本流》，他们的文本从拉丁语到120米长的纽卡斯尔人行道上的短信都有。值得注意的是，这一段以字母游戏开始，以公共艺术结束:书写系统以多种方式和不同的水平进行游戏。理查德·格雷戈里(Richard Gregory)曾经观察到，语言的独特之处在于它可以创造虚构，即不符合“真实”世界的有意义的陈述(Gregory, 1974);让-保罗·萨特认为，人类语言的关键方面是它描述非事物的能力(萨特，1958/1943)。人类规则系统的边界可以被探索和故意突破。正如Huizinga的《Ludens》(1955)所描述的那样，游戏是人类文化的一个核心方面。根据Gregory Bateson (1972, p. 180)的说法，游戏的意义是“我们现在参与的这些行为并不表示它们所代表的这些行为所表示的东西”。因此，在书写系统术语中，游戏是指当事物并非表面上的样子，当书面文本以有意超越典型模式的方式使用时，如writing SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2012, 4(2)， 120 121所示
{"title":"The writing system at play","authors":"V. Cook, B. Bassetti, Jyotsna Vaid","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.740432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.740432","url":null,"abstract":"What is writing for? The standard answers would include Halliday’s (2003) ideational function for communicating ideas and interpersonal function for relating to other people, or else the written language as a permanent record. Few would mention the idea of play. Yet many people enjoy playing games with writing, whether in the form of letter rearrangements of Scrabble†, anagrams in crossword puzzles, ambigrams in tattoos, iPhone games like Scramble, cross-language puns in billboards (Stefanowitsch, 2002), or signs, such as the following one supposedly posted in a Bucharest hotel lobby: ‘‘The lift is being fixed for the next day. During that time we regret that you will be unbearable’’ (quoted in Vaid, 2006). Attributes of the writing system are exploited by poets, such as the [twentieth century] lack of capital letters in e.e. cummings’ poetry or the [seventeenth century] use of shapes as in the angel-shaped poem of George Herbert, Easter Wings. Prose also exploits the writing system, as in the [eighteenth century] twirling of Uncle Toby’s cane in Tristram Shandy, the flowing LED capital letters of Chicago by Jenny Holzer, or the [twenty-first century] Tyne Line of Text Flow by Carol Sommer, Sue Downing and William Herbert, whose texts range from Latin to text messaging over 120 metres of Newcastle pavement. Significantly, this paragraph started with letter games and ended with public art: the writing system is played with in many ways and many different levels. Richard Gregory once observed that the distinctive thing about language is that it can create fictions, meaningful statements which do not correspond to the ‘‘real’’ world (Gregory, 1974); Jean-Paul Sartre argued that the crucial aspect of human language is its ability to describe what is not (Sartre, 1958/1943). The boundaries of human rule systems can be explored and deliberately transgressed. As depicted in Huizinga’s Homo Ludens (1955), play is a central aspect of human culture. According to Gregory Bateson (1972, p. 180), the meaning of play is ‘‘These actions in which we now engage do not denote what these actions for which they stand would denote’’. Hence in writing system terms, play is when things are not what they seem, when written text is used in ways that deliberately transcend the typical mode, drawing WRITING SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2012, 4 (2), 120 121","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"120 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.740432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2012.712875
Abbie Grace, Nenagh Kemp, F. Martin, R. Parrila
Abstract Studies of mobile phone text messaging have reported widely varying proportions of textisms (e.g., u for you, 2 for to). We investigated whether conclusions about textism use are influenced by participant country, text message collection method, and categorisation method. Questionnaire data were collected from 241 undergraduate students in Australia and Canada, who also provided text messages via three methods used in previous research: translation from conventional English, writing a message in response to a scenario, and providing naturalistic messages. Significantly higher proportions of textisms were observed in messages written by Australians than Canadians, and in messages collected experimentally than naturalistically. A re-categorisation of textism forms as “contractive” versus “expressive” was explored and overall implications for text-message collection are discussed.
{"title":"Undergraduates' use of text messaging language: Effects of country and collection method","authors":"Abbie Grace, Nenagh Kemp, F. Martin, R. Parrila","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2012.712875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2012.712875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Studies of mobile phone text messaging have reported widely varying proportions of textisms (e.g., u for you, 2 for to). We investigated whether conclusions about textism use are influenced by participant country, text message collection method, and categorisation method. Questionnaire data were collected from 241 undergraduate students in Australia and Canada, who also provided text messages via three methods used in previous research: translation from conventional English, writing a message in response to a scenario, and providing naturalistic messages. Significantly higher proportions of textisms were observed in messages written by Australians than Canadians, and in messages collected experimentally than naturalistically. A re-categorisation of textism forms as “contractive” versus “expressive” was explored and overall implications for text-message collection are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"167 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2012.712875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60435537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：