Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2018.1481902
J. C. M. Lo, Y. Ye, X. Tong, C. McBride, C. Ho, M. Waye
ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between copying skills and dictation among Hong Kong children. One-hundred and thirty-four Chinese–English bilingual children were given a series of cognitive-linguistic and literacy measures, including tasks of rapid digit naming, phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, morphological construction, vocabulary, pure copying, delayed copying and dictation. Most cognitive-linguistic variables were moderately correlated. The association of Chinese to English dictation was a modest .26. The variable that was most strongly associated with Chinese dictation was Chinese delayed copying; the variable most strongly associated with English dictation was English delayed copying. In path analyses, delayed copying was uniquely correlated with dictation in both Chinese (L1) and English (L2); the model was unchanged with the inclusion of dictation of the other orthography, indicating a minimal effect of linguistic transfer of dictation itself in the present study. These results particularly highlight the potential of the delayed copying task, administered and scored differently in Chinese and in English, which may be useful as an indicator of dictation difficulties independently in Chinese and English.
{"title":"Delayed copying is uniquely related to dictation in bilingual Cantonese–English-speaking children in Hong Kong","authors":"J. C. M. Lo, Y. Ye, X. Tong, C. McBride, C. Ho, M. Waye","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2018.1481902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2018.1481902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between copying skills and dictation among Hong Kong children. One-hundred and thirty-four Chinese–English bilingual children were given a series of cognitive-linguistic and literacy measures, including tasks of rapid digit naming, phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, morphological construction, vocabulary, pure copying, delayed copying and dictation. Most cognitive-linguistic variables were moderately correlated. The association of Chinese to English dictation was a modest .26. The variable that was most strongly associated with Chinese dictation was Chinese delayed copying; the variable most strongly associated with English dictation was English delayed copying. In path analyses, delayed copying was uniquely correlated with dictation in both Chinese (L1) and English (L2); the model was unchanged with the inclusion of dictation of the other orthography, indicating a minimal effect of linguistic transfer of dictation itself in the present study. These results particularly highlight the potential of the delayed copying task, administered and scored differently in Chinese and in English, which may be useful as an indicator of dictation difficulties independently in Chinese and English.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"26 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2018.1481902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44661423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2018.1473313
H. Taha, Hala Khateeb
ABSTRACT The current study investigated the effect of the dominant Arabic orthographic features on children’s orthographic preferences. Forty first grade and 40 kindergarten native Arab children were tested. The results revealed that for the first grade group, high accuracy levels for acceptance of real words and rejection of pseudo-orthographic patterns were found. In addition, the first grade group showed significant preferences for accepting the connected patterns compared to the non-connected patterns as real words. For the kindergarten group, the participants showed higher tendency to accept the connected pseudo-orthographic patterns as real words than the non-connected patters. These findings were explained in light of the fact that in Arabic orthography there are high proportions of full-connected rather than non-connected patterns and this might affect the orthographic preferences of first grade and pre-school children. The statistical learning point of view was the main framework of discussing the results.
{"title":"Statistical learning and orthographic preferences among native Arab kindergarten and first graders","authors":"H. Taha, Hala Khateeb","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2018.1473313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2018.1473313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study investigated the effect of the dominant Arabic orthographic features on children’s orthographic preferences. Forty first grade and 40 kindergarten native Arab children were tested. The results revealed that for the first grade group, high accuracy levels for acceptance of real words and rejection of pseudo-orthographic patterns were found. In addition, the first grade group showed significant preferences for accepting the connected patterns compared to the non-connected patterns as real words. For the kindergarten group, the participants showed higher tendency to accept the connected pseudo-orthographic patterns as real words than the non-connected patters. These findings were explained in light of the fact that in Arabic orthography there are high proportions of full-connected rather than non-connected patterns and this might affect the orthographic preferences of first grade and pre-school children. The statistical learning point of view was the main framework of discussing the results.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"15 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2018.1473313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48656001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The advantage of processing early over late acquired items in lexical and semantic tasks across a number of languages is well documented. Interestingly contradictory evidence has been reported in recall tasks where participants perform better overall on late acquired items compared to early acquired items in English. Moreover, free recall is modulated by frequency and list type in that studying pure lists of high-frequency words or low-frequency words typically leads to a recall advantage for high-frequency words. This recall advantage either disappears or is reversed when the same items are presented in mixed lists containing both high- and low-frequency items. The current experiment aims to shed light on this discrepancy by exploring the influence of Age of Acquisition (AoA) and frequency on free recall on standardised pictures and their names in Turkish. Eighty Turkish-speaking participants were assigned to either the picture (N = 40) or word condition (N = 40) in which stimuli were presented in either a mixed or a pure list. Following a distractor task, participants were asked to recall as many items as they could remember from the list they viewed. The findings and their implications are discussed within the context of current cognitive frameworks.
{"title":"Differential effects of age of acquisition and frequency on memory: evidence from free recall of pictures and words in Turkish","authors":"Ilhan Raman, Evren Raman, Simay Ikier, Elçin Kilecioğlu, Dilek Uzun Eroğlu, Şebnem Zeyveli","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1420727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1420727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The advantage of processing early over late acquired items in lexical and semantic tasks across a number of languages is well documented. Interestingly contradictory evidence has been reported in recall tasks where participants perform better overall on late acquired items compared to early acquired items in English. Moreover, free recall is modulated by frequency and list type in that studying pure lists of high-frequency words or low-frequency words typically leads to a recall advantage for high-frequency words. This recall advantage either disappears or is reversed when the same items are presented in mixed lists containing both high- and low-frequency items. The current experiment aims to shed light on this discrepancy by exploring the influence of Age of Acquisition (AoA) and frequency on free recall on standardised pictures and their names in Turkish. Eighty Turkish-speaking participants were assigned to either the picture (N = 40) or word condition (N = 40) in which stimuli were presented in either a mixed or a pure list. Following a distractor task, participants were asked to recall as many items as they could remember from the list they viewed. The findings and their implications are discussed within the context of current cognitive frameworks.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1420727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48737917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1405136
Evgenia Volkovyskaya, Ilhan Raman, B. Baluch
ABSTRACT AoA is a unique psycholinguistic variable because of its link to the semantic architecture of the mental lexicon. The role of AoA on free recall has been examined in English and recently in Turkish with contradictory outcomes. The present study extends Raman et al.’s (under revision, Differential effects of age of acquisition and frequency on memory: Evidence from free recall of pictures and words in Turkish) study to monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian (L1)-English (L2) speakers in order to understand the extent to which AoA affects free recall. Participants were allocated to either picture or word condition and subsequently to either pure list or mixed list condition. Both monolingual Russian (N = 42) and bilingual (N = 40) Russian (L1)-English (L2) data show a robust main effect for AoA in free recall irrespective of list type for words and for pictures and no significant interactions. Overall, early acquired words and pictures had an advantage over late acquired items. These findings are contrary to what has been reported in the literature for monolingual English speakers but in line with findings for Turkish and will be discussed within the monolingual and bilingual theoretical frameworks.
{"title":"Age of acquisition (AoA) effect in monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian (L1)-English (L2) speakers in a free recall task","authors":"Evgenia Volkovyskaya, Ilhan Raman, B. Baluch","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1405136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1405136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT AoA is a unique psycholinguistic variable because of its link to the semantic architecture of the mental lexicon. The role of AoA on free recall has been examined in English and recently in Turkish with contradictory outcomes. The present study extends Raman et al.’s (under revision, Differential effects of age of acquisition and frequency on memory: Evidence from free recall of pictures and words in Turkish) study to monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian (L1)-English (L2) speakers in order to understand the extent to which AoA affects free recall. Participants were allocated to either picture or word condition and subsequently to either pure list or mixed list condition. Both monolingual Russian (N = 42) and bilingual (N = 40) Russian (L1)-English (L2) data show a robust main effect for AoA in free recall irrespective of list type for words and for pictures and no significant interactions. Overall, early acquired words and pictures had an advantage over late acquired items. These findings are contrary to what has been reported in the literature for monolingual English speakers but in line with findings for Turkish and will be discussed within the monolingual and bilingual theoretical frameworks.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"148 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1405136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1400493
Ibrahim A. Asadi
ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of diacritics for short vowels on the accuracy and fluency of reading aloud in Arabic orthography among a sample of 1516 children in first–sixth grades. For this purpose, the children’s reading was evaluated using two lists of directly comparable words: one without diacritics for short vowels (unvowelised) and the other with diacritics for short vowels (fully vowelised). Our results indicate that reading accuracy and fluency were higher on the unvowelised orthography in all the grades, except for the first and second grades which had similar accuracies. Thus, diacritics for short vowels seem to add to the complexity and density of Arabic orthography. These findings are discussed in the context of the unique characteristics and complexity of the Arabic orthographic system. In addition, the role of diacritics for short vowels in determining orthographic depth and transparency in Arabic is discussed.
{"title":"Reading Arabic with the diacritics for short vowels: vowelised but not necessarily easy to read","authors":"Ibrahim A. Asadi","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1400493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1400493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of diacritics for short vowels on the accuracy and fluency of reading aloud in Arabic orthography among a sample of 1516 children in first–sixth grades. For this purpose, the children’s reading was evaluated using two lists of directly comparable words: one without diacritics for short vowels (unvowelised) and the other with diacritics for short vowels (fully vowelised). Our results indicate that reading accuracy and fluency were higher on the unvowelised orthography in all the grades, except for the first and second grades which had similar accuracies. Thus, diacritics for short vowels seem to add to the complexity and density of Arabic orthography. These findings are discussed in the context of the unique characteristics and complexity of the Arabic orthographic system. In addition, the role of diacritics for short vowels in determining orthographic depth and transparency in Arabic is discussed.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"137 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1400493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44614985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1335634
Mallory E. Matsumoto
ABSTRACT Scholars have been aware for some time of the linguistic and orthographic processes through which phonograms, signs that communicate an established phonetic value but have no inherent semantic content, may be derived from logographs, which encode semantic meaning, but whose phonetic value can vary depending on the linguistic context. However, they have largely ignored the possibility of the reverse, of phonograms transforming into logographs. This phenomenon, referred to here as orthographic semantization, entails the reinterpretation of a known sequence of one or more phonetic signs as conveying an inherent semantic value. At the same time, the original phonetic reading of the reinterpreted sign or sign sequence becomes obscured or changes completely, even if the graphic form remains the same. This paper explores evidence of this process in Maya hieroglyphic writing by examining cases of overspelling and incongruent or redundant phonetic complementation. Significantly, the underlying motivations for orthographic semantization differ by context. Hence, studies of this phenomenon can yield insight into the sociocultural aspects of script development and use, including language contact, script ideology, script transfer, or interruptions in scribal practice. Such research promises to enhance our understanding of the dynamic relationship between writing, its users, and spoken language.
{"title":"From sound to symbol: orthographic semantization in Maya hieroglyphic writing","authors":"Mallory E. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1335634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1335634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars have been aware for some time of the linguistic and orthographic processes through which phonograms, signs that communicate an established phonetic value but have no inherent semantic content, may be derived from logographs, which encode semantic meaning, but whose phonetic value can vary depending on the linguistic context. However, they have largely ignored the possibility of the reverse, of phonograms transforming into logographs. This phenomenon, referred to here as orthographic semantization, entails the reinterpretation of a known sequence of one or more phonetic signs as conveying an inherent semantic value. At the same time, the original phonetic reading of the reinterpreted sign or sign sequence becomes obscured or changes completely, even if the graphic form remains the same. This paper explores evidence of this process in Maya hieroglyphic writing by examining cases of overspelling and incongruent or redundant phonetic complementation. Significantly, the underlying motivations for orthographic semantization differ by context. Hence, studies of this phenomenon can yield insight into the sociocultural aspects of script development and use, including language contact, script ideology, script transfer, or interruptions in scribal practice. Such research promises to enhance our understanding of the dynamic relationship between writing, its users, and spoken language.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"122 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1335634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1389797
Asta Zelenkauskaite
ABSTRACT This study analyses non-standard typography (NST) (abbreviations and insertions) and its relationship to the message length, the addressee in two modes: Facebook and mobile texting SMS in the same context, i.e., messages sent by listeners of an Italian radio station. The analysis of NST showed that, if not accounted for length, there were more abbreviations in SMS messages and more insertions in Facebook messages. Nevertheless, when accounting for length, addressee analysis and non-standard typography comparison between shorter and longer messages has revealed a more nuanced picture. While Facebook messages concurrently included insertions and abbreviations, however, such use of NST has not influenced the message length: no differences were found between actual or hypothetical length neither in Facebook, nor in SMS. Furthermore, addressee analysis has revealed that listenerto-listener messages contained more NST, compared to the ones where listeners addressed their messages to the radio station, indicating a perceived differentiation between interlocutors marked via NST. These findings indicate users’ adaptations to technological length constraints, addressee awareness or an overall sensitivity towards the genre of interactive message exchange via this radio broadcaster. In other words, listeners might have (intuitively) developed a perceived optimal message length for both modes of communication.
{"title":"Abbreviate and insert? Message length, addressee and non-standard writing in Italian mobile texting and Facebook","authors":"Asta Zelenkauskaite","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1389797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1389797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study analyses non-standard typography (NST) (abbreviations and insertions) and its relationship to the message length, the addressee in two modes: Facebook and mobile texting SMS in the same context, i.e., messages sent by listeners of an Italian radio station. The analysis of NST showed that, if not accounted for length, there were more abbreviations in SMS messages and more insertions in Facebook messages. Nevertheless, when accounting for length, addressee analysis and non-standard typography comparison between shorter and longer messages has revealed a more nuanced picture. While Facebook messages concurrently included insertions and abbreviations, however, such use of NST has not influenced the message length: no differences were found between actual or hypothetical length neither in Facebook, nor in SMS. Furthermore, addressee analysis has revealed that listenerto-listener messages contained more NST, compared to the ones where listeners addressed their messages to the radio station, indicating a perceived differentiation between interlocutors marked via NST. These findings indicate users’ adaptations to technological length constraints, addressee awareness or an overall sensitivity towards the genre of interactive message exchange via this radio broadcaster. In other words, listeners might have (intuitively) developed a perceived optimal message length for both modes of communication.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"123 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1389797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48288375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1285220
Nenagh Kemp, Abbie Grace
ABSTRACT Communicating by text message is an everyday occurrence for most young adults. This form of communication is often associated with an abbreviated, unconventional spelling style, sometimes called ‘textese’. In this study, we report on the changing written language of text messaging, across seven cohorts of first-year Psychology undergraduates (n = 728) at an Australian university. From 2009 to 2015, the decline of textese use has gradually tailed off, but remains to represent approximately 12% of written words. Earlier attempts to reduce the number of characters (e.g., for ) are now equalled by emotionally expressive spellings that increase the number of characters (e.g., ), and women have continued to use more textese than men. It appears that today’s larger phone screens and keyboards, and easier input methods, rather than any changes in views on the appropriateness of using textese, are the main drivers in reducing young adults’ tendency to use unconventional spellings in their text messages.
{"title":"Txting across time: undergraduates’ use of ‘textese’ in seven consecutive first-year psychology cohorts","authors":"Nenagh Kemp, Abbie Grace","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1285220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1285220","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Communicating by text message is an everyday occurrence for most young adults. This form of communication is often associated with an abbreviated, unconventional spelling style, sometimes called ‘textese’. In this study, we report on the changing written language of text messaging, across seven cohorts of first-year Psychology undergraduates (n = 728) at an Australian university. From 2009 to 2015, the decline of textese use has gradually tailed off, but remains to represent approximately 12% of written words. Earlier attempts to reduce the number of characters (e.g., for ) are now equalled by emotionally expressive spellings that increase the number of characters (e.g., ), and women have continued to use more textese than men. It appears that today’s larger phone screens and keyboards, and easier input methods, rather than any changes in views on the appropriateness of using textese, are the main drivers in reducing young adults’ tendency to use unconventional spellings in their text messages.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"82 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1285220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46730280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2017.1308239
A. Gnanadesikan
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on those scripts whose basic grain size is the phoneme or phonological segment, arguing for both the essential unity and the diversity of such scripts. On the one hand, these scripts encode individual phonemes, unlike syllabaries, and should therefore be recognised as constituting a class. On the other hand, they vary in which vowels they represent, if any, and in how the relationship between vowels and consonants is encoded. These dimensions of which segments are represented and how those segments are arranged to form larger phonological structures vary independently of each other. Furthermore, some phonemic scripts also encode featural or moraic information. Thus, a short list of simple one-word names, like alphabet, abjad and abugida, does not capture the full range of segmental scripts or the relationships between them. A typology using more descriptive terms is presented.
{"title":"Towards a typology of phonemic scripts","authors":"A. Gnanadesikan","doi":"10.1080/17586801.2017.1308239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2017.1308239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper focuses on those scripts whose basic grain size is the phoneme or phonological segment, arguing for both the essential unity and the diversity of such scripts. On the one hand, these scripts encode individual phonemes, unlike syllabaries, and should therefore be recognised as constituting a class. On the other hand, they vary in which vowels they represent, if any, and in how the relationship between vowels and consonants is encoded. These dimensions of which segments are represented and how those segments are arranged to form larger phonological structures vary independently of each other. Furthermore, some phonemic scripts also encode featural or moraic information. Thus, a short list of simple one-word names, like alphabet, abjad and abugida, does not capture the full range of segmental scripts or the relationships between them. A typology using more descriptive terms is presented.","PeriodicalId":39225,"journal":{"name":"Writing Systems Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"14 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17586801.2017.1308239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41652028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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