La evolución de los principios de justicia transicional en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos debe verse con un enfoque jurídico que ponga de manifiesto la frondosa jurisprudencia que se ha producido en respuesta a las trabas y obstáculos en diversos países para la realización de la justicia. Esto es especialmente cierto en América Latina, donde el sistema interamericano de protección ha establecido con firmeza varias de estas obligaciones internacionales del Estado. Pero no se trata de reglas aplicables solamente en el ámbito interamericano, sino que se reproducen de diversas formas en otros sistemas regionales y también en la jurisprudencia de órganos de tratados y de procedimientos especiales en el sistema universal de protección de los derechos humanos. Pero además del enfoque jurídico, es importante analizar esta evolución desde una perspectiva sociohistórica, es decir, desde la lucha de sectores sociales de nuestros países para superar los obstáculos a la realización de la justicia. Algunos de esos obstáculos eran y son de jure, en la forma de leyes de amnistía (bajo diversos nombres), normas de prescripción de la acción penal por el paso del tiempo, abusos de la discreción del ministerio público fiscal para no ejercer dicha acción penal en casos graves, y otras maniobras procesales o jurisdiccionales destinadas a proteger a ciertos acusados. Estas luchas resultaron en la ampliación de espacios para los movimientos de víctimas y para la sociedad civil en su conjunto, y en algunos casos motivaron el diseño de políticas públicas que consiguieron — en mayor o menor medida — a la reducción de la esfera de impunidad para las atrocidades masivas.
{"title":"Memoria, Verdad y Justicia: Situación y perspectivas","authors":"J. E. Méndez, Stéfan Dyck","doi":"10.7202/1091077ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091077ar","url":null,"abstract":"La evolución de los principios de justicia transicional en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos debe verse con un enfoque jurídico que ponga de manifiesto la frondosa jurisprudencia que se ha producido en respuesta a las trabas y obstáculos en diversos países para la realización de la justicia. Esto es especialmente cierto en América Latina, donde el sistema interamericano de protección ha establecido con firmeza varias de estas obligaciones internacionales del Estado. Pero no se trata de reglas aplicables solamente en el ámbito interamericano, sino que se reproducen de diversas formas en otros sistemas regionales y también en la jurisprudencia de órganos de tratados y de procedimientos especiales en el sistema universal de protección de los derechos humanos.\u0000 Pero además del enfoque jurídico, es importante analizar esta evolución desde una perspectiva sociohistórica, es decir, desde la lucha de sectores sociales de nuestros países para superar los obstáculos a la realización de la justicia. Algunos de esos obstáculos eran y son de jure, en la forma de leyes de amnistía (bajo diversos nombres), normas de prescripción de la acción penal por el paso del tiempo, abusos de la discreción del ministerio público fiscal para no ejercer dicha acción penal en casos graves, y otras maniobras procesales o jurisdiccionales destinadas a proteger a ciertos acusados. Estas luchas resultaron en la ampliación de espacios para los movimientos de víctimas y para la sociedad civil en su conjunto, y en algunos casos motivaron el diseño de políticas públicas que consiguieron — en mayor o menor medida — a la reducción de la esfera de impunidad para las atrocidades masivas.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luz Marina Monzón Cifuentes, Simon Pierre Boulanger Martel
En Colombia, el proceso de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) constituye un evento histórico para la inclusión y visibilización de las víctimas del conflicto armado. Colombia ha enfrentado por más de cinco décadas una guerra que ha producido la violación múltiple y sucesiva de derechos y libertades de una gran parte de la población. Pactado en 2016, el acuerdo de paz condujo a la creación de la Unidad de Búsqueda de Personas dadas por Desaparecidas (UBPD) que tiene como ejes fundamentales el derecho a la verdad y la reparación de las víctimas. ¿En que contribuye el trabajo de la UBPD a la construcción de paz en Colombia? En este texto, argumentamos que la UBPD contribuye a la paz por su rol en el esclarecimiento de la verdad, un punto fundamental en el proceso de reconciliación. Se trata de presentar el contexto en que la UBPD se conformó, exponer el trabajo de la UBPD como uno de los mecanismos de justicia transicional y ilustrar como la búsqueda de los desaparecidos fortalece las condiciones para la construcción de paz en Colombia.
{"title":"La búsqueda de los desaparecidos y la construcción de paz en Colombia1","authors":"Luz Marina Monzón Cifuentes, Simon Pierre Boulanger Martel","doi":"10.7202/1091078ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091078ar","url":null,"abstract":"En Colombia, el proceso de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) constituye un evento histórico para la inclusión y visibilización de las víctimas del conflicto armado. Colombia ha enfrentado por más de cinco décadas una guerra que ha producido la violación múltiple y sucesiva de derechos y libertades de una gran parte de la población. Pactado en 2016, el acuerdo de paz condujo a la creación de la Unidad de Búsqueda de Personas dadas por Desaparecidas (UBPD) que tiene como ejes fundamentales el derecho a la verdad y la reparación de las víctimas. ¿En que contribuye el trabajo de la UBPD a la construcción de paz en Colombia? En este texto, argumentamos que la UBPD contribuye a la paz por su rol en el esclarecimiento de la verdad, un punto fundamental en el proceso de reconciliación. Se trata de presentar el contexto en que la UBPD se conformó, exponer el trabajo de la UBPD como uno de los mecanismos de justicia transicional y ilustrar como la búsqueda de los desaparecidos fortalece las condiciones para la construcción de paz en Colombia.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to provide an overview of some of the Inter-American Human Rights System's contributions to the development of regional legal standards on girls’ and women’s human rights from a positivist perspective. It first addresses the System’s normative and institutional framework on this topic. It then presents key jurisprudential advances in three specific areas: the right to equality and non-discrimination; the right to be free from violence; and sexual and reproductive rights.
{"title":"The Inter-American System's Recent Contributions to the Development of Women's Human Rights Standards","authors":"Bernard Duhaime, Nancy R Tapias Torrado","doi":"10.7202/1091087ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091087ar","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to provide an overview of some of the Inter-American Human Rights System's contributions to the development of regional legal standards on girls’ and women’s human rights from a positivist perspective. It first addresses the System’s normative and institutional framework on this topic. It then presents key jurisprudential advances in three specific areas: the right to equality and non-discrimination; the right to be free from violence; and sexual and reproductive rights.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El enorme número de graves violaciones a derechos humanos que se han cometido en las últimas décadas en México, particularmente a partir de la sangrienta política de seguridad de los tres sexenios presidenciales recientes, aunado a la falta de capacidad y voluntad de las instituciones de justicia de hacer frente a la impunidad, hacen necesario reflexionar sobre la dimensión de la crisis y sobre cuáles son las alternativas para garantizar los derechos de las víctimas. En este artículo se pretende mostrar el contexto y dimensión de las atrocidades cometidas, así como una serie de propuestas para llevar a juicio a los responsables, reparar a las víctimas y evitar la repetición de conductas delictivas similares, particularmente cuando se cometen al amparo de las instituciones y políticas del Estado mexicano.
{"title":"Los crímenes atroces cometidos en México en el marco de la guerra contra las drogas y la justicia transicional como respuesta","authors":"José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez","doi":"10.7202/1091079ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091079ar","url":null,"abstract":"El enorme número de graves violaciones a derechos humanos que se han cometido en las últimas décadas en México, particularmente a partir de la sangrienta política de seguridad de los tres sexenios presidenciales recientes, aunado a la falta de capacidad y voluntad de las instituciones de justicia de hacer frente a la impunidad, hacen necesario reflexionar sobre la dimensión de la crisis y sobre cuáles son las alternativas para garantizar los derechos de las víctimas. En este artículo se pretende mostrar el contexto y dimensión de las atrocidades cometidas, así como una serie de propuestas para llevar a juicio a los responsables, reparar a las víctimas y evitar la repetición de conductas delictivas similares, particularmente cuando se cometen al amparo de las instituciones y políticas del Estado mexicano.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the lens of memory and the figure of the memory entrepreneur, this article traces the struggle between Salvadoran actors who support amnesty and forgetting and so do not wish investigations into the human rights violations committed during the war to take place, and actors who oppose amnesty and promote memory, truth, and justice. I argue that, as this latter group (i.e., human rights memory entrepreneurs) chipped away at the 1993 unconditional Amnesty Law in Salvadoran courts and in the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS), creating a possibility for memory, state memory entrepreneurs worked to eliminate these possibilities.
{"title":"Amnesty in El Salvador: The Long and Winding Road to Justice, Truth, and Memory","authors":"Rachel Hatcher","doi":"10.7202/1091083ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091083ar","url":null,"abstract":"Using the lens of memory and the figure of the memory entrepreneur, this article traces the struggle between Salvadoran actors who support amnesty and forgetting and so do not wish investigations into the human rights violations committed during the war to take place, and actors who oppose amnesty and promote memory, truth, and justice. I argue that, as this latter group (i.e., human rights memory entrepreneurs) chipped away at the 1993 unconditional Amnesty Law in Salvadoran courts and in the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS), creating a possibility for memory, state memory entrepreneurs worked to eliminate these possibilities.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45581220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the face of extreme violence, some Indigenous women-led social movement organizations that defend human rights in the context of abuses committed in connection to mega-projects have achieved favorable changes in corporate practices (success). In the predominantly patriarchal, capitalist and racist context of Latin America, what explains the success (or not) of Indigenous women-led mobilizations regarding the most politically and economically powerful actors in the world? My doctoral study is dedicated to responding to this question. In this article, I offer a very brief overview of that study. Thus, I provide some details about my research model in order to then introduce the acción trenzada theoretical framework that emerges from it. In light of that framework and the case of Lenca leader Berta Cáceres in Honduras, I next discuss aspects of a dynamic of forces where criminalization as a silencing practice is used against mobilizations led by Indigenous women human rights defenders, and how they are overcoming it.
{"title":"Indigenous women leading the defense of human rights from abuses related to mega-projects: Impacting corporate behavior — overcoming silencing practices","authors":"Nancy R Tapias Torrado","doi":"10.7202/1091082ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091082ar","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of extreme violence, some Indigenous women-led social movement organizations that defend human rights in the context of abuses committed in connection to mega-projects have achieved favorable changes in corporate practices (success). In the predominantly patriarchal, capitalist and racist context of Latin America, what explains the success (or not) of Indigenous women-led mobilizations regarding the most politically and economically powerful actors in the world? My doctoral study is dedicated to responding to this question. In this article, I offer a very brief overview of that study. Thus, I provide some details about my research model in order to then introduce the acción trenzada theoretical framework that emerges from it. In light of that framework and the case of Lenca leader Berta Cáceres in Honduras, I next discuss aspects of a dynamic of forces where criminalization as a silencing practice is used against mobilizations led by Indigenous women human rights defenders, and how they are overcoming it.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores how Canada’s full commitment to the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAS) could provide a further recourse for monitoring, protecting and promoting Indigenous rights in Canada. Presenting the Americas as a united continent, it emphasizes how reconceptualising what it means to “be American” can help Canadians think about their connection, comprehension and acceptance of this regional system. This paper examines the Canadian government’s historical disinterest in the IAS and establishes this as the primary reason for its current lack of commitment. It argues that Canada’s ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights and recognition of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisdiction would positively impact the rights of Indigenous peoples living within its borders. It concludes by highlighting a Canadian initiative that is working towards making Canada a better player in the IAS and contends that the Canadian government should follow their lead.
{"title":"Somos Americanos? The potential of the Inter-american Human Rights System for Indigenous Justice in Canada","authors":"S. Gold","doi":"10.7202/1091085ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091085ar","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how Canada’s full commitment to the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAS) could provide a further recourse for monitoring, protecting and promoting Indigenous rights in Canada. Presenting the Americas as a united continent, it emphasizes how reconceptualising what it means to “be American” can help Canadians think about their connection, comprehension and acceptance of this regional system. This paper examines the Canadian government’s historical disinterest in the IAS and establishes this as the primary reason for its current lack of commitment. It argues that Canada’s ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights and recognition of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisdiction would positively impact the rights of Indigenous peoples living within its borders. It concludes by highlighting a Canadian initiative that is working towards making Canada a better player in the IAS and contends that the Canadian government should follow their lead.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Préface. Actes du Colloque S’ouvrir aux Amériques pour mieux protéger les droits humains et s’engager dans la réconciliation au Canada","authors":"P. Fournier","doi":"10.7202/1091074ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091074ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the creation of the UPR Brazil Coalition, a civil society network that monitors human rights using the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a United Nations mechanism. It first presents the importance of social participation for the rule of law and for the Brazilian democratic legal system. In then introduces the UPR mechanism, including its creation in 2006, the basic aspects of its operation, and the three Brazilian review cycles. The article then discusses Brazilian civil society’s engagement with the UPR and the creation and current activities of the UPR Brazil Coalition, the main network that monitors the human rights situation in Brazil by means of evaluating implementation of UPR recommendations.
{"title":"Monitoring Human Rights: The Experience of the UPR Brazil Coalition","authors":"F. Lapa, Suiany Zimermann Bail","doi":"10.7202/1091084ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091084ar","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the creation of the UPR Brazil Coalition, a civil society network that monitors human rights using the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a United Nations mechanism. It first presents the importance of social participation for the rule of law and for the Brazilian democratic legal system. In then introduces the UPR mechanism, including its creation in 2006, the basic aspects of its operation, and the three Brazilian review cycles. The article then discusses Brazilian civil society’s engagement with the UPR and the creation and current activities of the UPR Brazil Coalition, the main network that monitors the human rights situation in Brazil by means of evaluating implementation of UPR recommendations.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49477130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the importance of a twin-track dialogue between Canada and the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS), particularly with regards to the rights of Indigenous peoples. It describes how Canada has engaged with the IAHRS as a major financial and diplomatic supporter, while at the same time resisting full adherence to American Convention on Human Rights, its protocols and other regional instruments. The article also examines the influence that Canada’s multicultural approach of addressing national and ethnical differences has had in Latin America and in the IAHRS standards on the rights of Indigenous peoples. Finally, it maintains that the IAHRS has acknowledged states’ obligations that could inspire Canadian efforts to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and reconcile with Indigenous nations.
{"title":"Indigenous peoples’ rights and the multicultural approach: For a twin-track dialogue between Canada and the Inter-American Human Rights System","authors":"Daniel Cerqueira","doi":"10.7202/1091086ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1091086ar","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the importance of a twin-track dialogue between Canada and the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS), particularly with regards to the rights of Indigenous peoples. It describes how Canada has engaged with the IAHRS as a major financial and diplomatic supporter, while at the same time resisting full adherence to American Convention on Human Rights, its protocols and other regional instruments. The article also examines the influence that Canada’s multicultural approach of addressing national and ethnical differences has had in Latin America and in the IAHRS standards on the rights of Indigenous peoples. Finally, it maintains that the IAHRS has acknowledged states’ obligations that could inspire Canadian efforts to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and reconcile with Indigenous nations.","PeriodicalId":39264,"journal":{"name":"Quebec Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44360201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：