Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.4
M. Pichler, H. Schranzhofer, A. Heinz, R. Heimrath
Solar thermal systems in residential buildings are generally controlled by two-level controllers, which activate solar thermal or at times with low solar radiation auxiliary energy supply into a thermal storage. Simple controllers do not have any information on actual or expected solar radiation. This leads to interference of auxiliary- and solar heat supply, which reduces the share of solar thermal energy fed into the thermal storage. Increasing accuracy of weather forecast data suggests incorporation of this information in the control algorithm. This work analyzes the maximum potential performance enhancement when applying such an intelligent predictive control. Two solar thermal systems with one auxiliary source respectively are designed in TRNSYS – these systems represent the base case. Further, a number of simulations are conducted with minor variations for the plant parameters – this gives generic results for different system configurations. In addition, each system configuration is altered to mimic the behavior of a plant with intelligent predictive control. Comparison of results indicates an improvement potential up to 10% for annual solar fractions and up to 30% for monthly solar fractions. The performance bound with respect to the annual auxiliary energy savings is approximately 8%.
{"title":"Potential Performance Enhancement of a Solar Combisystem with an Intelligent Controller","authors":"M. Pichler, H. Schranzhofer, A. Heinz, R. Heimrath","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"Solar thermal systems in residential buildings are generally controlled by two-level controllers, which activate solar thermal or at times with low solar radiation auxiliary energy supply into a thermal storage. Simple controllers do not have any information on actual or expected solar radiation. This leads to interference of auxiliary- and solar heat supply, which reduces the share of solar thermal energy fed into the thermal storage. Increasing accuracy of weather forecast data suggests incorporation of this information in the control algorithm. This work analyzes the maximum potential performance enhancement when applying such an intelligent predictive control. Two solar thermal systems with one auxiliary source respectively are designed in TRNSYS – these systems represent the base case. Further, a number of simulations are conducted with minor variations for the plant parameters – this gives generic results for different system configurations. In addition, each system configuration is altered to mimic the behavior of a plant with intelligent predictive control. Comparison of results indicates an improvement potential up to 10% for annual solar fractions and up to 30% for monthly solar fractions. The performance bound with respect to the annual auxiliary energy savings is approximately 8%.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132965187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.8
J. Mahmoudi, S. Z. Moussavi, E. Mahmoodi
The brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) has the potential to be employed as a variable speed wind turbine generator. Owing to brushless configuration of this generator, its reliability is higher than DFIG. Most of the grid faults are unsymmetrical. Hence, this paper analyzes dynamic behavior of BDFIG under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and presents dynamic models for both fault types. In order to validate the results of analysis, simulations have been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. Then, the control winding (CW) current is compared under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of Rotor Speed and Electrical Torque of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) Under Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults","authors":"J. Mahmoudi, S. Z. Moussavi, E. Mahmoodi","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.8","url":null,"abstract":"The brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) has the potential to be employed as a variable speed wind turbine generator. Owing to brushless configuration of this generator, its reliability is higher than DFIG. Most of the grid faults are unsymmetrical. Hence, this paper analyzes dynamic behavior of BDFIG under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and presents dynamic models for both fault types. In order to validate the results of analysis, simulations have been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. Then, the control winding (CW) current is compared under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.5
Hongqiong Zhang, Wenzhe Li, Yong Sun, Xiangyou Wang
For the purpose of enhancing the biogas production and operation stability of system at low temperature, a two-phase anaerobic fermentation facility for rural household energy generation was proposed. In this facility, the quantity of the fermented materials could be balanced by controlling the hydraulic retention time, which based on pH of the acidification tank and the fermentation tank. In addition, a portion of the biogas generated could be used to heat the acidification tank and the fermentation tank. Results shows that the optimal daily production rate of biogas for 1 m 3 fermentation liquid was about 1.47 L/L d -1 at a mixing ratio of cow: swine: chicken manure was 3: 1: 0.5. The production rate obtained in this study was more than four times higher than that from traditional single-phase processes (0.35 L/L d -1 ). About 5.43 m 3 biogas can be produced daily per household with an average CH 4 content of 76.8%. The two-phase process developed in this work will also reduce environmental pollution and increase energy production efficiencies.
为提高系统低温下的沼气产量和运行稳定性，提出了一种两相厌氧发酵农村家用发电装置。在该装置中，根据酸化池和发酵池的pH值，通过控制水力停留时间来平衡发酵物料的数量。另外，产生的一部分沼气可以用来加热酸化罐和发酵罐。结果表明，在牛粪:猪粪:鸡粪混合比例为3:1:1 .5的条件下，1 m3发酵液的最佳日产气量约为1.47 L/L d -1。本研究获得的产率比传统的单相工艺(0.35 L/L d -1)高出4倍以上。每户每天可生产约5.43立方米沼气，平均甲烷含量为76.8%。在这项工作中开发的两阶段工艺还将减少环境污染并提高能源生产效率。
{"title":"Enhancement of Biogas Production in Two-Phase Anaerobic Fermentation System for Lower-Temperature Applications","authors":"Hongqiong Zhang, Wenzhe Li, Yong Sun, Xiangyou Wang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.5","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of enhancing the biogas production and operation stability of system at low temperature, a two-phase anaerobic fermentation facility for rural household energy generation was proposed. In this facility, the quantity of the fermented materials could be balanced by controlling the hydraulic retention time, which based on pH of the acidification tank and the fermentation tank. In addition, a portion of the biogas generated could be used to heat the acidification tank and the fermentation tank. Results shows that the optimal daily production rate of biogas for 1 m 3 fermentation liquid was about 1.47 L/L d -1 at a mixing ratio of cow: swine: chicken manure was 3: 1: 0.5. The production rate obtained in this study was more than four times higher than that from traditional single-phase processes (0.35 L/L d -1 ). About 5.43 m 3 biogas can be produced daily per household with an average CH 4 content of 76.8%. The two-phase process developed in this work will also reduce environmental pollution and increase energy production efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127786376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.7
Z. Tasneem, Md. Rafiqul Islam Sheikh, A. Pinky
This paper proposes an optimized model of a variable speed wind turbine equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generator (VSWT-PMSG) which also has been used for the stability augmentation of a wind farm including fixed speed wind generators, like Induction generator (IG). An effective control strategy with two-level IGBT converter-inverter set along with DC link capacitor and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system assures the real power exchange to the grid and also a perfect reactive power compensation that maintains the grid side voltage constant. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed model can enhance the stability of a conventional IG based wind farm when used in combination with PMSG. Thus it eliminates the need of external controlling devices and makes the system simple and cost effective. A comparison for the stability augmentation capability between IG and PMSG has been explained. Both the dynamic and transient analyses of the proposed system have been carried out by using the laboratory standard power system software package, PSCAD/EMTDC.
{"title":"Stability Augmentation of a Fixed Speed Wind Generator by Using VSWT-PMSG","authors":"Z. Tasneem, Md. Rafiqul Islam Sheikh, A. Pinky","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an optimized model of a variable speed wind turbine equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generator (VSWT-PMSG) which also has been used for the stability augmentation of a wind farm including fixed speed wind generators, like Induction generator (IG). An effective control strategy with two-level IGBT converter-inverter set along with DC link capacitor and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system assures the real power exchange to the grid and also a perfect reactive power compensation that maintains the grid side voltage constant. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed model can enhance the stability of a conventional IG based wind farm when used in combination with PMSG. Thus it eliminates the need of external controlling devices and makes the system simple and cost effective. A comparison for the stability augmentation capability between IG and PMSG has been explained. Both the dynamic and transient analyses of the proposed system have been carried out by using the laboratory standard power system software package, PSCAD/EMTDC.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123048428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.3
S. Palamarchuk
Medium-term generation scheduling is an important component of power systems operation and management. The traditional problem statement aimed at reducing the total production cost can hardly correspond to the market environment. The paper considers specific features of the problem statement for a wholesale electricity market environment. An approach is suggested to solve the problem on the basis of bi-level optimization models. Such models take into account possible distortion of economic and technical parameters of generating units. The proposed technique obtains equilibrium of the generation company’s interests to simulate the competitive behavior under the oligopoly electricity market. A mathematical statement of the problem supposes the application of a dynamic programming method. An algorithm for the stochastic dynamic programming application is developed. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method and algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed approach is shown in comparison with the traditional generation scheduling technique.
{"title":"Generation Scheduling in Power Systems with Hydro Electric Plants","authors":"S. Palamarchuk","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"Medium-term generation scheduling is an important component of power systems operation and management. The traditional problem statement aimed at reducing the total production cost can hardly correspond to the market environment. The paper considers specific features of the problem statement for a wholesale electricity market environment. An approach is suggested to solve the problem on the basis of bi-level optimization models. Such models take into account possible distortion of economic and technical parameters of generating units. The proposed technique obtains equilibrium of the generation company’s interests to simulate the competitive behavior under the oligopoly electricity market. A mathematical statement of the problem supposes the application of a dynamic programming method. An algorithm for the stochastic dynamic programming application is developed. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method and algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed approach is shown in comparison with the traditional generation scheduling technique.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.6
S. Kincic, Hongming Zhang
The State of California’s renewable energy policies and energy incentives are the main drivers of renewable generation development occurring in the Pacific Northwest. The largest wind integration efforts are happening within the Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Balancing Area (BA). BPA is approaching a 40 percent wind penetration factor. Such a large wind penetration imposes significant challenges on the transmission system operation requiring more system studies in operational time frame. These challenges include needs for additional voltage regulation requiring more switching operations, dealing with higher ramping rates and carrying additional regulation reserve as well as additional difficulty in Columbia River management (river scheduling). This paper discus some of those challenges in more details.
{"title":"Transmission System Operation Challenges with Large Wind Penetration","authors":"S. Kincic, Hongming Zhang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.6","url":null,"abstract":"The State of California’s renewable energy policies and energy incentives are the main drivers of renewable generation development occurring in the Pacific Northwest. The largest wind integration efforts are happening within the Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Balancing Area (BA). BPA is approaching a 40 percent wind penetration factor. Such a large wind penetration imposes significant challenges on the transmission system operation requiring more system studies in operational time frame. These challenges include needs for additional voltage regulation requiring more switching operations, dealing with higher ramping rates and carrying additional regulation reserve as well as additional difficulty in Columbia River management (river scheduling). This paper discus some of those challenges in more details.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"128 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129667855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-05DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.4
F. Muhammad
Organic solar cells (OSC)s are valuable economical and environmental friendly devices capable to generate electricity from sunlight. This is because of their simple fabrication process and minimal material usage in comparison to the inorganic solar cells. OSCs have not been widely commercialized yet because of their relatively low power conversion efficiency and stability problem. It is expected that these obstacles will be surmounted in a foreseeable future upon rigorous research studies performed in the field. This paper is devoted to reviewing the design related strategies that can be taken to enhance OSC performance. These strategies can be accomplished through modulating the architecture of the devices and by considering the alignment of the molecular energy levels between their active layer components.
{"title":"Design Approaches to Improve Organic Solar Cells","authors":"F. Muhammad","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Organic solar cells (OSC)s are valuable economical and environmental friendly devices capable to generate electricity from sunlight. This is because of their simple fabrication process and minimal material usage in comparison to the inorganic solar cells. OSCs have not been widely commercialized yet because of their relatively low power conversion efficiency and stability problem. It is expected that these obstacles will be surmounted in a foreseeable future upon rigorous research studies performed in the field. This paper is devoted to reviewing the design related strategies that can be taken to enhance OSC performance. These strategies can be accomplished through modulating the architecture of the devices and by considering the alignment of the molecular energy levels between their active layer components.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129286270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.2
M. Sabry, B. Raichle
An accurate solar tracker matches array angles with solar angles throughout the day. Many studies have used the power produced by a tracked PV array as a proxy to characterize a tracker’s accuracy. However, it is difficult to decouple the effects of tracker performance from other effects on power output. It was not found in the literature reviewed that there are studies that determine the accuracy of solar trackers by directly measuring the tracker angles. This study was an experiment to determine the accuracy of two small commercially available non-algorithm based solar trackers: the Zomeworks UTR-020 passive one axis solar tracker, and the Wattsun AZ-225 active electro-optical two axis solar tracker. Accuracy of the trackers was determined by measuring the tracking angles under varying conditions including direct beam irradiation (DBI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and comparing to calculated sun angles. The results showed that the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Zomeworks UTR-020 is 75%, the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Wattsun AZ-225 is 88%, and the average elevation angle accuracy of the Wattsun is 89%. In addition, the results showed a weak correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Zomeworks and DBF, a strong correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF, and a moderate correlation between the elevation accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF. Moreover, the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun was always higher than that of the Zomeworks under all DBF and GHI conditions.
{"title":"Characteristics of Residential Tracker Accuracy in Quantified Direct Beam Irradiance and Global Horizontal Irradiance","authors":"M. Sabry, B. Raichle","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate solar tracker matches array angles with solar angles throughout the day. Many studies have used the power produced by a tracked PV array as a proxy to characterize a tracker’s accuracy. However, it is difficult to decouple the effects of tracker performance from other effects on power output. It was not found in the literature reviewed that there are studies that determine the accuracy of solar trackers by directly measuring the tracker angles. This study was an experiment to determine the accuracy of two small commercially available non-algorithm based solar trackers: the Zomeworks UTR-020 passive one axis solar tracker, and the Wattsun AZ-225 active electro-optical two axis solar tracker. Accuracy of the trackers was determined by measuring the tracking angles under varying conditions including direct beam irradiation (DBI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and comparing to calculated sun angles. The results showed that the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Zomeworks UTR-020 is 75%, the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Wattsun AZ-225 is 88%, and the average elevation angle accuracy of the Wattsun is 89%. In addition, the results showed a weak correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Zomeworks and DBF, a strong correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF, and a moderate correlation between the elevation accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF. Moreover, the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun was always higher than that of the Zomeworks under all DBF and GHI conditions.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129670743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.1
Lingfang Gao, C. Varrone, Tao Sheng, Chong Liu, Chuan Chen, Wenzong Liu, Aijie Wang
Bioaugmented fermentation of cellulosic substrates to produce biohydrogen via co-culture of isolated strains was investigated. Two mesophilic anaerobic bacterial strains, known for their ability to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates, were taken in consideration: Shigella flexneri str. G3, which shows high cellulolytic activity but cannot ferment oligosaccharides to bioenergy, and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9, able to convert microcrystalline cellulose into hydrogen. The ability of the selected strains to effectively convert different cellulosic substrates to hydrogen was tested on carboxymethyl cellulose (AVICEL), as well as pretreated lignocellulosic material such as Bermuda grass, corn stover, rice straw, and corn cob. Results showed that co-culture of Shigella flexneri str G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 efficiently improved cellulose hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogen production from carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydrogen production yield was enhanced from 0.65 mol H 2 (mol glucose) −1 of the X9 single culture to approximately 1.5 mol H 2 (mol glucose) −1 of the co-culture, while the cellulose degradation efficiency increased from 50% to 95%. Co-culture also efficiently improved hydrogen production from natural lignocellulosic materials (which was up to 4-5 times higher than mono-culture with X9), with the highest performance of 24.8 mmol L -1 obtained on Bermuda grass. The results demonstrate that co-culture of S. flexneri G3 and C. acetobutylicum X9 was capable of efficiently enhance cellulose conversion to hydrogen, thus fostering potential biofuel applications under mesophilic conditions.
通过分离菌株的共培养，研究了纤维素基质的生物增强发酵生产生物氢。研究人员考虑了两种以水解纤维素底物而闻名的中温厌氧细菌菌株:福氏志杆菌G3 (Shigella flexneri str. G3)和乙酰丁酸梭菌X9 (Clostridium acetobutylicum X9)，前者具有较高的纤维素水解活性，但不能将低聚糖发酵成生物能。所选菌株在羧甲基纤维素(AVICEL)以及预处理的木质纤维素材料(如百慕大草、玉米秸秆、稻草和玉米芯)上有效转化不同纤维素基质为氢的能力进行了测试。结果表明，福氏志贺氏菌G3和乙酰丁酸梭菌X9的共培养有效地改善了纤维素的水解和随后的羧甲基纤维素制氢。产氢率由X9单一培养的0.65 mol H 2 (mol glucose) ´1提高到共培养的约1.5 mol H 2 (mol glucose) ´1，纤维素降解效率由50%提高到95%。共培养也有效地提高了天然木质纤维素材料的产氢率(比X9单培养高4-5倍)，其中百慕大草的产氢率最高，为24.8 mmol L -1。结果表明，S. flexneri G3和C. acetobutylicum X9共培养能够有效地提高纤维素向氢的转化，从而促进了在中亲氧条件下生物燃料的潜在应用。
{"title":"Bioaugmented Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Substrates Using Co-Cultures of Shigella flexneri str. G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9","authors":"Lingfang Gao, C. Varrone, Tao Sheng, Chong Liu, Chuan Chen, Wenzong Liu, Aijie Wang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaugmented fermentation of cellulosic substrates to produce biohydrogen via co-culture of isolated strains was investigated. Two mesophilic anaerobic bacterial strains, known for their ability to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates, were taken in consideration: Shigella flexneri str. G3, which shows high cellulolytic activity but cannot ferment oligosaccharides to bioenergy, and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9, able to convert microcrystalline cellulose into hydrogen. The ability of the selected strains to effectively convert different cellulosic substrates to hydrogen was tested on carboxymethyl cellulose (AVICEL), as well as pretreated lignocellulosic material such as Bermuda grass, corn stover, rice straw, and corn cob. Results showed that co-culture of Shigella flexneri str G3 and Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 efficiently improved cellulose hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogen production from carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydrogen production yield was enhanced from 0.65 mol H 2 (mol glucose) −1 of the X9 single culture to approximately 1.5 mol H 2 (mol glucose) −1 of the co-culture, while the cellulose degradation efficiency increased from 50% to 95%. Co-culture also efficiently improved hydrogen production from natural lignocellulosic materials (which was up to 4-5 times higher than mono-culture with X9), with the highest performance of 24.8 mmol L -1 obtained on Bermuda grass. The results demonstrate that co-culture of S. flexneri G3 and C. acetobutylicum X9 was capable of efficiently enhance cellulose conversion to hydrogen, thus fostering potential biofuel applications under mesophilic conditions.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117080296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.6
A. Eid, M. Abdel-Akher
A micro-grid consisting of a 300kW wind turbine and a 40kW photovoltaic array is investigated under extreme operating gust (EOG) wind scenarios. The micro-grid is connected to the 380-V utility through a utility-side converter using natural-frame control, which provides a constant voltage of the DC link between the micro-grid and utility. The impact of the extreme gust wind variations on the micro-grid performance is studied for variable speed wind energy system equipped with a squirrel-cage induction generator. The Hurghada city, Red Sea, Egypt is taken as a case study for the wind speed profile. A detailed model of extreme gust-wind speed variation is implemented and simulated using PSIM commercial software package, based on climate characteristics of Hurghada city. The indirect rotor field oriented control (FOC) method is implemented to the generator-side converter to keep the system stable under the extreme gust wind conditions and to control the squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) speed for maximum power-point tracker (MPPT) regime. Power quality of the utility-side converter in terms of operation at different power factors, voltage value and THD are verified.
{"title":"Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic Hybrid Generations under Extreme Operating Gust","authors":"A. Eid, M. Abdel-Akher","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.6","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-grid consisting of a 300kW wind turbine and a 40kW photovoltaic array is investigated under extreme operating gust (EOG) wind scenarios. The micro-grid is connected to the 380-V utility through a utility-side converter using natural-frame control, which provides a constant voltage of the DC link between the micro-grid and utility. The impact of the extreme gust wind variations on the micro-grid performance is studied for variable speed wind energy system equipped with a squirrel-cage induction generator. The Hurghada city, Red Sea, Egypt is taken as a case study for the wind speed profile. A detailed model of extreme gust-wind speed variation is implemented and simulated using PSIM commercial software package, based on climate characteristics of Hurghada city. The indirect rotor field oriented control (FOC) method is implemented to the generator-side converter to keep the system stable under the extreme gust wind conditions and to control the squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) speed for maximum power-point tracker (MPPT) regime. Power quality of the utility-side converter in terms of operation at different power factors, voltage value and THD are verified.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115151886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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