Solvent isotope effect was investigated with 1 H-, 2 H-NMR, LC-MS and Gas-MS analyses on transfer hydrogenation of H 2 O with glycerine under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The results from solvent isotope studies showed that (1) the H on the I²-C of lactate was almost exchanged by D 2 O, which suggests that the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the 2-C of glycerine was first transformed into a carbonyl (C=O) group and then was converted back into a -OH group to form lactate; (2) The presence of large amounts of D was found in the produced hydrogen gas, which shows that the water molecules acted as a reactant; and (3) D% in the produced hydrogen gas was far more than 50%, which straightforwardly shows that acetol was formed in the first place as the most probable intermediate by undergoing a dehydration reaction rather than a dehydrogenation reaction.
{"title":"Solvent Isotope Effect on Transfer Hydrogenation of H2O with Glycerine under Alkaline Hydrothermal Conditions","authors":"Zheng Shen, Minyan Gu, Shiyang Liu, Wenjie Dong, Yalei Zhang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent isotope effect was investigated with 1 H-, 2 H-NMR, LC-MS and Gas-MS analyses on transfer hydrogenation of H 2 O with glycerine under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The results from solvent isotope studies showed that (1) the H on the I²-C of lactate was almost exchanged by D 2 O, which suggests that the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the 2-C of glycerine was first transformed into a carbonyl (C=O) group and then was converted back into a -OH group to form lactate; (2) The presence of large amounts of D was found in the produced hydrogen gas, which shows that the water molecules acted as a reactant; and (3) D% in the produced hydrogen gas was far more than 50%, which straightforwardly shows that acetol was formed in the first place as the most probable intermediate by undergoing a dehydration reaction rather than a dehydrogenation reaction.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132212006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.5
M. F. Nurfazliana, S. Kamaruddin, M. S. Alias, N. Nafarizal, H. Saim, M. Z. Sahdan
We present a new approach of solution-processed using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures as extraction layer material for organic solar cells. It is low chemical reaction compatibility with all types of organic blends and its good adhesion to both surfaces of ITO/glass substrate and the active layer (blends). Parameters such as the thickness and the morphology of the films were investigated to prove that these factors greatly affect the efficiency of organic solar cells. In this work, ZnO layer with thickness of approximately 53 nm was used as an interlayer to prevent pin-holes between the electrode and the polymer layer. The polymer layer was coated on the ZnO layer with the thickness of about 150 nm. The thick polymer layer will form a non-uniform surface because of the solvent, 1-2dichlorobenzene will etch away some region of the polymer layer and forming pin-holes. ZnO nanostructures layer was used to prevent pin-holes between the polymer layer and electrode. From the surface morphology of ZnO layer, it shows a uniform surface with particle grain size obtained between 50 -100 nm. The presence of the interlayer has a positive effect on the electrical characteristics of the solar cells. It was found that an organic solar cell with thickness less than 150 nm shows the optimum performance with efficiency of 0.0067% and Fill Factor (FF) of about 19.73.
{"title":"Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for Efficient Energy Conversion in Organic Solar Cell","authors":"M. F. Nurfazliana, S. Kamaruddin, M. S. Alias, N. Nafarizal, H. Saim, M. Z. Sahdan","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new approach of solution-processed using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures as extraction layer material for organic solar cells. It is low chemical reaction compatibility with all types of organic blends and its good adhesion to both surfaces of ITO/glass substrate and the active layer (blends). Parameters such as the thickness and the morphology of the films were investigated to prove that these factors greatly affect the efficiency of organic solar cells. In this work, ZnO layer with thickness of approximately 53 nm was used as an interlayer to prevent pin-holes between the electrode and the polymer layer. The polymer layer was coated on the ZnO layer with the thickness of about 150 nm. The thick polymer layer will form a non-uniform surface because of the solvent, 1-2dichlorobenzene will etch away some region of the polymer layer and forming pin-holes. ZnO nanostructures layer was used to prevent pin-holes between the polymer layer and electrode. From the surface morphology of ZnO layer, it shows a uniform surface with particle grain size obtained between 50 -100 nm. The presence of the interlayer has a positive effect on the electrical characteristics of the solar cells. It was found that an organic solar cell with thickness less than 150 nm shows the optimum performance with efficiency of 0.0067% and Fill Factor (FF) of about 19.73.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"876 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133793065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.4
A. El-Gammal
This paper presents the complete modeling and simulation of Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) driven doubly-fed induction generator with a closed-loop vector control system. Two Pulse Width Modulated voltage source (PWM) converters for both rotor- and stator-side converters have been connected back to back between the rotor terminals and utility grid via common dc link. The closed-loop vector control system is normally controlled by a set of PID controllers which have an important influence on the system dynamic performance. This paper presents a Multi-objective optimal PID controller design of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wave energy system connected to the electrical grid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). PSO and GA are used to optimize the controller parameters of both the rotor and grid-side converters to improve the transient operation of the DFIG wave energy system under a fault condition as compared with the conventional methods to design PID controllers.
{"title":"Optimal Design of PID Controller for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Based Wave Energy Conversion System Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"A. El-Gammal","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the complete modeling and simulation of Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) driven doubly-fed induction generator with a closed-loop vector control system. Two Pulse Width Modulated voltage source (PWM) converters for both rotor- and stator-side converters have been connected back to back between the rotor terminals and utility grid via common dc link. The closed-loop vector control system is normally controlled by a set of PID controllers which have an important influence on the system dynamic performance. This paper presents a Multi-objective optimal PID controller design of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wave energy system connected to the electrical grid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). PSO and GA are used to optimize the controller parameters of both the rotor and grid-side converters to improve the transient operation of the DFIG wave energy system under a fault condition as compared with the conventional methods to design PID controllers.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132463275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.2
Mourad Frites, W. Ingler, Shahed U. M. Khan
Water splitting photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) was fabricated in which the electrolyzer parts were made on a single chip. This was achieved by depositing an optically transparent Mn-oxide-TiO 2 thin layer on the front of a triple junction amorphous Si photovoltaic cell which acted as the anode and the back stainless steel layer acted as the cathode under illumination of light. This single chip water electrolysis cell operates like an artificial leaf. Water splitting was observed by simply submersing the device in a basic electrolyte solution under solar simulated light of 1 sun (0.1 W cm -2 ). This self-driven PEC was found to produce hydrogen gas at the rate of 12.42 L m -2 h -1 and a solar to hydrogen efficiency (STHE) of 3.25 % from the collected H 2 gas in 2.5 M KOH solution. No signs of degradation of this single chip PEC were observed during water splitting when the device was run continuously for 6 hours.
研制了一种将电解槽部件组装在单芯片上的水分解光电化学电池。这是通过在光的照射下，在三结非晶硅光伏电池的正面沉积一层光学透明的氧化锰-二氧化钛薄层作为阳极，背面的不锈钢层作为阴极来实现的。这种单芯片电解水电池的工作原理就像一片人造叶子。在1个太阳(0.1 W cm -2)的太阳模拟光下，简单地将器件浸入碱性电解质溶液中，观察到水的分裂。该自驱动PEC在2.5 m KOH溶液中以12.42 L m -2 h -1的速率产生氢气，并从收集的h2气体中获得3.25%的太阳能氢效率(STHE)。当设备连续运行6小时时，在水分解过程中没有观察到这种单片PEC降解的迹象。
{"title":"A Single Chip Standalone Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cell","authors":"Mourad Frites, W. Ingler, Shahed U. M. Khan","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Water splitting photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) was fabricated in which the electrolyzer parts were made on a single chip. This was achieved by depositing an optically transparent Mn-oxide-TiO 2 thin layer on the front of a triple junction amorphous Si photovoltaic cell which acted as the anode and the back stainless steel layer acted as the cathode under illumination of light. This single chip water electrolysis cell operates like an artificial leaf. Water splitting was observed by simply submersing the device in a basic electrolyte solution under solar simulated light of 1 sun (0.1 W cm -2 ). This self-driven PEC was found to produce hydrogen gas at the rate of 12.42 L m -2 h -1 and a solar to hydrogen efficiency (STHE) of 3.25 % from the collected H 2 gas in 2.5 M KOH solution. No signs of degradation of this single chip PEC were observed during water splitting when the device was run continuously for 6 hours.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.3
Jianwei Ren, B. North
Development of safe and effective hydrogen storage systems becomes a critical factor for further implementation of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. Among new approaches aimed at improving the performance of such systems, the concept of porous materials-based adsorptive hydrogen storage is now considered as a long-term solution due to the reversibility, good kinetics and absence of thermal management issues. However, the low packing densities associated with the porous materials such as carbon structure materials, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks lead to the compromised volumetric capacity, potential pipe contaminations and difficulties in handling, when introducing the powdered adsorbents into hydrogen storage systems. Some efforts have been devoted to solve this problem by shaping the porous materials into beads, pellets or monoliths and achieve higher storage densities at more moderate temperatures and pressures. This review will firstly state the essential properties of shaped structures for hydrogen adsorption, and then highlight the recent attributes that potentially can be utilized to shape porous materials into specific configurations for hydrogen storage applications. Later, several testing techniques on structured porous material will be also discussed.
{"title":"Shaping Porous Materials for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review","authors":"Jianwei Ren, B. North","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Development of safe and effective hydrogen storage systems becomes a critical factor for further implementation of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. Among new approaches aimed at improving the performance of such systems, the concept of porous materials-based adsorptive hydrogen storage is now considered as a long-term solution due to the reversibility, good kinetics and absence of thermal management issues. However, the low packing densities associated with the porous materials such as carbon structure materials, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks lead to the compromised volumetric capacity, potential pipe contaminations and difficulties in handling, when introducing the powdered adsorbents into hydrogen storage systems. Some efforts have been devoted to solve this problem by shaping the porous materials into beads, pellets or monoliths and achieve higher storage densities at more moderate temperatures and pressures. This review will firstly state the essential properties of shaped structures for hydrogen adsorption, and then highlight the recent attributes that potentially can be utilized to shape porous materials into specific configurations for hydrogen storage applications. Later, several testing techniques on structured porous material will be also discussed.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116431793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.1
Gao Penghui, Zhou Xingye, Zhang Donghai, Wang Yi-jiang
Considering complexity in process of the liquor’s evaporation-freezing and irregularity on the liquor surface, generating and developing model of ice on liquor surface was proposed by humidity difference based on fractal theory and diffusion limited aggregation model (DLA). The effect of gas flow velocity and humidity difference between gas and liquor surface on generating and developing of ice above liquor surface were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the fractal method could simulate the process generating and developing model of ice above liquor surface. It provided the new idea and method for the study of the liquor evaporation-freezing and ice growth.
{"title":"Simulation of Ice Growth in Process of Liquor Evaporation- Freezing by Fractal Theory","authors":"Gao Penghui, Zhou Xingye, Zhang Donghai, Wang Yi-jiang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Considering complexity in process of the liquor’s evaporation-freezing and irregularity on the liquor surface, generating and developing model of ice on liquor surface was proposed by humidity difference based on fractal theory and diffusion limited aggregation model (DLA). The effect of gas flow velocity and humidity difference between gas and liquor surface on generating and developing of ice above liquor surface were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the fractal method could simulate the process generating and developing model of ice above liquor surface. It provided the new idea and method for the study of the liquor evaporation-freezing and ice growth.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131759172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.8
A. Parihar, V. B. Kulkarni, G. Sridhar
Crop residue constitutes a large fraction of biomass particularly in agricultural based economies like India. The most abundantly generated crop residues are paddy husk, paddy straw, coconut shell, cotton stalk and sugar cane trash. It is estimated that the potential of power generation using crop residue is close to 14 GWe in a country like India. Even though the potential is large, the main drawback with crop residue is that it is sparsely distributed and being of low density causes collection and transportation problem. This drawback could be converted into an advantage by adopting distributed power generation technologies. The distributed power generation would fare well in the power range of few hundred kilowatts and the most appropriate technology would be the biomass gasification technology. Among the biomass gasification technologies, the downdraft technology is ideally suited for power generation. The downdraft technology is proven with solid or woody biomass, whereas there are limitations in terms of acceptance of all types of crop residues. In this paper, performance study of two vastly differing crop residues, namely coconut shell and cotton stalk has been discussed; both the feedstocks have been tested in “post-harvested†condition with minimum amount of pre-processing. The performance with cotton stalk was found to be comparable at part load; however at higher load the gas composition deteriorated due to poor material movement within the reactor. This had implication in terms of maximum power generated. There was loss of power to an extent of 12%. The operational issues with post-harvested cotton stalk has been brought out which are based on detailed measurements.
{"title":"Gasification of High and Low Density Crop Residues","authors":"A. Parihar, V. B. Kulkarni, G. Sridhar","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.8","url":null,"abstract":"Crop residue constitutes a large fraction of biomass particularly in agricultural based economies like India. The most abundantly generated crop residues are paddy husk, paddy straw, coconut shell, cotton stalk and sugar cane trash. It is estimated that the potential of power generation using crop residue is close to 14 GWe in a country like India. Even though the potential is large, the main drawback with crop residue is that it is sparsely distributed and being of low density causes collection and transportation problem. This drawback could be converted into an advantage by adopting distributed power generation technologies. The distributed power generation would fare well in the power range of few hundred kilowatts and the most appropriate technology would be the biomass gasification technology. Among the biomass gasification technologies, the downdraft technology is ideally suited for power generation. The downdraft technology is proven with solid or woody biomass, whereas there are limitations in terms of acceptance of all types of crop residues. In this paper, performance study of two vastly differing crop residues, namely coconut shell and cotton stalk has been discussed; both the feedstocks have been tested in “post-harvested†condition with minimum amount of pre-processing. The performance with cotton stalk was found to be comparable at part load; however at higher load the gas composition deteriorated due to poor material movement within the reactor. This had implication in terms of maximum power generated. There was loss of power to an extent of 12%. The operational issues with post-harvested cotton stalk has been brought out which are based on detailed measurements.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131247231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.4
H. T. Rakotondramiarana, S. Andrianomena, A. Andriamamonjy, M. Rakotomalala
Solar energy technology is an option for energy saving in building air conditioning. A theoretical investigation of an open cycle solar air cooling system using aqueous Lithium Chloride solution as liquid desiccant is presented in this paper. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influences of both internal loads and external forcing, on the studied system by developing a computational code related to its mathematical model. The simulation results justify the choice of the system design. Indeed, it was highlighted that the higher is the outdoor temperature; the better is the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. Furthermore, a global sensitivity analysis of the system model, achieved using Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method, allowed us to identify the most influential factors that were ranked in a decreasing order of their influence degree on the system COP. Hence, key factors to be controlled for improving the system overall performance are specified.
{"title":"Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Solar Powered Air Cooling System Using Liquid Desiccant","authors":"H. T. Rakotondramiarana, S. Andrianomena, A. Andriamamonjy, M. Rakotomalala","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy technology is an option for energy saving in building air conditioning. A theoretical investigation of an open cycle solar air cooling system using aqueous Lithium Chloride solution as liquid desiccant is presented in this paper. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influences of both internal loads and external forcing, on the studied system by developing a computational code related to its mathematical model. The simulation results justify the choice of the system design. Indeed, it was highlighted that the higher is the outdoor temperature; the better is the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. Furthermore, a global sensitivity analysis of the system model, achieved using Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method, allowed us to identify the most influential factors that were ranked in a decreasing order of their influence degree on the system COP. Hence, key factors to be controlled for improving the system overall performance are specified.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122176493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.2
M. Taleb
A wind driven DC machine is interconnected with the power utilities grid. The wind driven DC machine is operated in the regenerative mode and that is to guaranty the extraction of the real power from the wind driven generator and inject it into the power grid. This is done through the use of a single phase full wave controlled converter operating in “ an inverter mode of operationâ€. At any pretended surrounding weather conditions, maximum extraction of power from the renewable energy source (ie. Wind energy source) is targeted. This is done through the realization of a self-adjusted firing angle controller responsible of triggering the semiconductor elements of the controlled converter. An active power filter is shunted with the proposed setup to guaranty the sinusoid quality of the power utilities line current. The overall performance of the proposed system has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Quite satisfactory and encouraging results have been obtained.
{"title":"Interconnection of a Wind Driven DC Machine with the Power Utilities Grid","authors":"M. Taleb","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"A wind driven DC machine is interconnected with the power utilities grid. The wind driven DC machine is operated in the regenerative mode and that is to guaranty the extraction of the real power from the wind driven generator and inject it into the power grid. This is done through the use of a single phase full wave controlled converter operating in “ an inverter mode of operationâ€. At any pretended surrounding weather conditions, maximum extraction of power from the renewable energy source (ie. Wind energy source) is targeted. This is done through the realization of a self-adjusted firing angle controller responsible of triggering the semiconductor elements of the controlled converter. An active power filter is shunted with the proposed setup to guaranty the sinusoid quality of the power utilities line current. The overall performance of the proposed system has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Quite satisfactory and encouraging results have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133213244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.5
Huili Zhang, J. Baeyens, J. Degrève, François Pitié
Latent heat thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) is attractive since providing a high energy density storage due to the phase change by solidification/melting at constant temperature. Relative to sensible heat energy storage systems, latent heat storage with PCMs requires a smaller weight and volume of material for a given amount of captured/stored energy, and has the capacity to store heat of fusion at a constant or nearly constant temperature, thus maintaining a high and constant temperature difference between the heat exchanging surface and the PCMs. The present review paper will summarize the required properties of PCMs, with their respective advantages and disadvantages; the current state of development and manufacturing; the development of PCM applications, including their incorporation into heat exchangers, insertion of a metal matrix into the PCM, the use of PCM dispersed with high conductivity particles. PCM uses will be illustrated through some case-studies.
{"title":"Latent Heat Storage with Phase Change Materials (PCMs)","authors":"Huili Zhang, J. Baeyens, J. Degrève, François Pitié","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"Latent heat thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) is attractive since providing a high energy density storage due to the phase change by solidification/melting at constant temperature. Relative to sensible heat energy storage systems, latent heat storage with PCMs requires a smaller weight and volume of material for a given amount of captured/stored energy, and has the capacity to store heat of fusion at a constant or nearly constant temperature, thus maintaining a high and constant temperature difference between the heat exchanging surface and the PCMs. The present review paper will summarize the required properties of PCMs, with their respective advantages and disadvantages; the current state of development and manufacturing; the development of PCM applications, including their incorporation into heat exchangers, insertion of a metal matrix into the PCM, the use of PCM dispersed with high conductivity particles. PCM uses will be illustrated through some case-studies.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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