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Pathogenicity of indigenous strains of three entomopathogenic fungi to the sisal weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 三种昆虫病原真菌本地菌株对剑麻象鼻虫的致病性(鞘翅目:剑麻科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0007
V. Gkounti, D. Markoyiannaki, D. Kontodimas
Summary The pathogenicity of indigenous isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea was evaluated in the laboratory against larvae and adults of the sisal weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus. Inoculation was achieved via immersion of individuals into conidia suspensions of different concentrations. All three fungal species proved high pathogenicity against larvae of the weevil, causing 100% mortality in most of the treatments. Beauveria bassiana caused the highest mortality of the adults (86.67±12%), followed by M. anisopliae (46.67±17.8%) and I. fumosorosea (40±17.5%). Mean survival time also differed significantly among treatments and life stages of the weevil. In total, larvae survived significantly fewer days than adults post infection. Results of the present study indicate the potential of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against the invasive weevil.
摘要在室内研究了球孢白僵菌、金龟子绿僵菌和烟孢灰僵菌对剑麻象鼻虫针叶剑麻象鼻虫幼虫和成虫的致病性。接种是通过将个体浸入不同浓度的分生孢子悬浮液中来实现的。3种真菌对象鼻虫幼虫均有较高的致病性,多数处理的致死率为100%。成虫死亡率最高的是球孢白僵菌(86.67±12%),其次是绿僵菌(46.67±17.8%)和烟孢白僵菌(40±17.5%)。不同处理和不同生命阶段象鼻虫的平均生存时间也有显著差异。总的来说,幼虫在感染后的存活时间明显少于成虫。本研究结果表明,本地昆虫病原真菌菌株有潜力作为入侵象鼻虫的生物防治剂。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of AquatainTM monomolecular surface film against mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens in a full-grown rice field in Greece AquatainTM单分子表面膜在希腊稻田对淡库蚊幼虫的防治效果评价
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0004
I. Kioulos, G. Koliopoulos
Summary The impact of the monomolecular surface fi lm AquatainTM against mosquito larvae was tested in a rice field in Central Greece. AquatainTM was poured in a 1.2 hectare rice paddy along the one side of the field. Laboratory reared mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens were introduced into cages placed in three different transects along the short side of the rice paddy. Larval mortality was counted 3, 6, 15 and 25 days after application. In the line located closer to the site of AquatainTM application, larval mortality ranged from 100% to 70%, 25 days after application. Mortality ranged from 88% to 25% in the middle transect and from 42%, to 10% in the more distant line. The results indicated that AquatainTM provides sufficient larval control in wide mosquito larval habitats
摘要在希腊中部稻田试验了单分子表面膜AquatainTM对蚊子幼虫的杀灭效果。AquatainTM沿着田地的一侧倒入了1.2公顷的稻田。将实验室饲养的淡色库蚊幼虫放入沿稻田短边放置的三个不同样带的笼子中。分别于施药后3、6、15、25 d计算幼虫死亡率。施用25 d后,在靠近AquatainTM施药地点的线虫幼虫死亡率为100% ~ 70%。中部样带的死亡率为88%至25%,较远的样带的死亡率为42%至10%。结果表明,AquatainTM在广泛的蚊幼虫生境中具有良好的防蚊效果
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引用次数: 2
Record of Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willing and Phenacoccus madeirensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on new host ornamental plants in Greece 希腊观赏植物新寄主秘鲁粉蚧和马氏粉蚧记录(半翅目:假球虫科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0002
G. Stathas, E. Kartsonas, A. Darras
Summary Two invasive mealybug species, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink and Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), have been recorded on new species of ornamental plants in diff erent regions of Greece. Phenacoccus peruvianus was recorded in Athens on Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) in September 2013. Phenacoccus madeirensis was found in Kalamata (Peloponnese) on Aloysia citriodora Palau (Verbenaceae) in May 2014 and on Osteospermum jucundum (Phillips) (Asteraceae) in July 2014. This is the first record of O. jucundum as host plant of P. madeirensis
摘要在希腊不同地区的观赏植物新种上发现了两种入侵粉蚧:秘鲁粉蚧(Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink)和马氏粉蚧(Phenacoccus madeirensis Green)(半翅目:假球虫科)。2013年9月在雅典的茄科植物赤霉(Cestrum nocturnum L.)上发现了秘鲁白棘球绦虫。2014年5月在Kalamata (Peloponnese)的Aloysia citriodora Palau(马鞭草科)和2014年7月在Osteospermum jucundum (Phillips) (Asteraceae)上分别发现了madeirensis。这是第一次有记录的大黄花作为麻属植物的寄主植物
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引用次数: 5
Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla): an emerging weed in cotton and processing tomato in Greece 野生一品红(Euphorbia heterophylla):希腊棉花和加工番茄中的一种新兴杂草
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0005
D. Chachalis
Summary Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) is reported as an emerging weed in cotton and processing tomato in Kopaida plain, region of Viotia, in central Greece. This is the first record of E. heterophylla in tomato crop in Greece. In a field experiment, mature plants grown under weed-free conditions produced on average 19 heads, 64 capsules, and 192 seeds per individual plant. Mature seeds exhibited no dormancy and the maximum germination (82 to 90%) occurred at temperatures from 25 to 35°C, with a drastic decline (<38%) at 15 and 40°C. Light had no significant effect on seed germination in the whole range of temperatures tested. Fully mature plants were taller than cotton, exerting strong competition. Having no light dependence for germination, seeds might have the potential to germinate and emerge from greater soil depths. This short communication summarizes information for the identification, seed germination and growth of this weed species that would support a proper weed management
据报道,野生一品红(Euphorbia heterophylla)是希腊中部维奥蒂亚地区科帕伊达平原棉花和加工番茄上的一种新兴杂草。这是希腊番茄作物中首次记录的异叶芽孢杆菌。在田间试验中,在无杂草条件下生长的成熟植株平均每株产生19穗、64蒴果和192粒种子。成熟种子无休眠,25 ~ 35℃时萌发率最高(82% ~ 90%),15℃和40℃时萌发率急剧下降(<38%)。在整个试验温度范围内,光照对种子萌发无显著影响。完全成熟植株比棉花高,竞争激烈。由于种子的萌发不依赖于光,因此种子有可能从更深的土壤中发芽和发芽。这篇简短的通讯综述了该杂草的鉴定、种子萌发和生长信息,为合理的杂草管理提供了依据
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引用次数: 10
Common burdock (Arctium minus): a common weed of nonarable land in Orestiada, Greece 牛蒡(牛蒡):希腊奥雷斯蒂亚达非耕地上的一种常见杂草
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0003
C. Damalas, C. Alexoudis, S. Koutroubas
Summary Common burdock (Arctium minus) is a common biennial weed of non-arable land in typical rural settings of Orestiada, Greece. The aim of this study was to describe the basic morphological traits of this species throughout the main phenological stages of its life cycle and to obtain some insight into its growth and productivity in Orestiada. Based on our observations, the plants occurred most commonly in moist and fertile soils, usually as isolated individuals or in small patches near the parent plants. The species is characterized by its large basal ‘elephant-ear’ leaves during the vegetative stage, appearing in alternate arrangement, with irregularly wavy and non-toothed edges, as well as with long hollow stalks forming a noticeable furrow on the top. By monitoring individual plants, it was found that fl owering (in the second year of growth) mostly occurred from late June up to early August. The fl owers were purple, occurring in bristly heads at the top of the stem. The bristly heads formed a fruit, containing small black seeds. The average number of capitula per plant, from randomly selected populations in Orestiada, was found to be 69.7 and 57.7 respectively, whereas the mean seed number per capitulum reached 30.3 and 33.3 seeds, respectively
牛蒡(牛蒡)是一种常见的两年生杂草,生长在希腊奥雷斯蒂亚达典型的农村地区的非耕地上。本研究的目的是描述该物种在其生命周期的主要物候阶段的基本形态特征,并对其在奥雷斯蒂亚达的生长和生产力有一些了解。根据我们的观察,这些植物最常见于湿润和肥沃的土壤中,通常是孤立的个体或在母本植物附近的小块土地上。该物种的特点是在营养阶段其巨大的基部“象耳”叶,交替排列,具有不规则的波浪和无齿的边缘,以及在顶部形成明显的沟的长空心茎。通过单株监测发现,花期(生长第二年)主要发生在6月下旬至8月上旬。花是紫色的,在茎的顶端形成刚毛状的头状花序。刚毛状的头形成果实,内含黑色的小种子。在随机选择的种群中,平均每株头状花序数分别为69.7和57.7个,平均每头状花序种子数分别为30.3和33.3个
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of the virulence of Sclerotium rolfsii isolates on Arachis hypogaea and screening for resistant genotypes in greenhouse conditions 温室条件下罗氏菌核菌对花生毒力评价及抗性基因型筛选
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0001
A. Eslami, S. A. Khodaparast, S. Mousanejad, F. Padasht Dehkaei
Summary Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil borne pathogen responsible for root and stem rot on a wide range of crops. This study was conducted to identify the virulence of different S. rolfsii isolates on a susceptible local peanut germplasm and determine the resistance of 20 peanut genotypes to the most virulent isolate and also the relationship between virulence and mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs). Seventy eight isolates of this fungus from 10 host plants and six known MCGs were used in the experiment. The experiment was done in greenhouse conditions (25±5°C) using a complete randomized block design with three replications. Pots containing sterile soil (pH=6.7) were inoculated with barley seeds colonized by each isolate separately before being seeded with the peanut germplasm. Disease severity was assessed by scoring the wilting, yellowing or death of plants, mycelia or sclerotia production on the soil surface or on plant stem, stem area affected (%) and stem lesion length, at the stage of plant maturity. Also, shoot wet weight and plant height were recorded at this stage. According to the results of the pathogenicity tests, all of the isolates were virulent on the susceptible peanut germplasm and the virulence diff ered signifi cantly between the isolates (P≤0.01). There was no relationship between the virulence of the five groups of isolates identified in the present study and the MCGs. The peanut genotype 140, which was better than the others based on seed size, plant height and the canopy size, was also the most resistant one
罗尔夫菌核菌是一种土壤传播的病原菌,对多种作物的根和茎腐病负责。本研究鉴定了不同罗尔夫氏梭菌分离株在当地花生敏感种质上的毒力,并测定了20种花生基因型对最强毒力分离株的抗性,以及毒力与菌丝相容性群(mcg)之间的关系。实验使用了从10种寄主植物和6种已知mcg中分离的78株真菌。试验在温室(25±5°C)条件下进行,采用完全随机区组设计,共3个重复。在pH=6.7的无菌土壤中分别接种各分离株定殖的大麦种子,然后播种花生种质。通过对植物成熟阶段的枯萎、发黄或死亡、土壤表面或茎上菌丝体或菌核产量、茎受影响面积(%)和茎损伤长度进行评分,来评估疾病的严重程度。同时记录茎部湿重和株高。致病性试验结果表明,所有菌株对花生敏感种质均有毒力,且菌株间毒力差异极显著(P≤0.01)。在本研究中鉴定的五组分离株的毒力与mcg之间没有关系。花生140基因型在种子大小、株高和冠层大小方面均优于其他基因型,且抗性最强
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引用次数: 11
Aspect of the degradation and adsorption kinetics of atrazine and metolachlor in andisol soil 阿特拉津和甲草胺在土壤中的降解和吸附动力学研究进展
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2017-0001
P. Jaikaew, F. Malhat, J. Boulange, H. Watanabe
Summary The degradation kinetics and sorption characteristics of atrazine and metolachlor in Japanese andisol soil were evaluated using laboratory incubation of soil samples. The water content of the soil was set to field capacity while three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C) were considered for the experiment. First order model fitted the degradation kinetics of both herbicides under the investigated temperature range with half-lives ranging from 19.2 to 46.9 days for atrazine and from 23.4 to 66.9 days for metolachlor, respectively. The activation energies (Ea) of atrazine and metolachlor calculated using Arhenius equation were 21.47 and 23.91 kJ mol−1, respectively. The soil sorption study was conducted using the batch equilibrium process. The adsorption behaviors of atrazine and metolachlor were investigated using linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms although the linear and Freundlich isotherms gave relatively high correlation coefficient (R2) and very low standard error of estimate (SEE). The free energy (ΔG°) values were in the range −30.6 to −32.0 kJ/mol, and −32.1 to −41.5 kJ/mol for atrazine and metolachlor, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic accompanied by increase in entropy. The understanding of atrazine and metolachlor sorption processes is essential to determine the pesticide fate and availability in soil for pest control, biodegradation, runoff and leaching.
摘要采用室内培养法研究了莠去津和异丙草胺在日本土和二醇土中的降解动力学和吸附特性。土壤含水量设定为田间容量,试验温度分别为5℃、25℃和35℃。一阶模型拟合了两种除草剂在温度范围内的降解动力学,阿特拉津的半衰期为19.2 ~ 46.9 d,异丙草胺的半衰期为23.4 ~ 66.9 d。用Arhenius方程计算阿特拉津和异甲草胺的活化能分别为21.47和23.91 kJ mol−1。采用间歇平衡法对土壤吸附进行了研究。采用线性等温线、Freundlich等温线和Langmuir等温线对阿特拉津和异丙草胺的吸附行为进行了研究,尽管线性等温线和Freundlich等温线具有较高的相关系数(R2)和很低的估计标准误差(SEE)。阿特拉津和异甲草胺的自由能(ΔG°)分别在−30.6 ~−32.0 kJ/mol和−32.1 ~−41.5 kJ/mol之间。热力学参数表明,吸附是自发的,吸热吸附伴随着熵的增加。了解莠去津和异丙三氯的吸附过程对于确定农药在土壤中的命运和有效性至关重要,可以用于害虫控制、生物降解、径流和淋滤。
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引用次数: 9
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Hellenic Plant Protection Journal
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