Sunflower, maize and potato are among the world’s principal crops. In order to improve various traits, these crops have been genetically engineered to a great extent. Even though molecular markers for simple traits such as, fertility, herbicide tolerance or specific pathogen resistance have been successfully used in marker-assisted breeding programs for years, agronomical important complex quantitative traits like yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance and seed quality content are challenging and require whole genome approaches. Collections of genetic resources for these crops are conserved worldwide and represent valuable resources to study complex traits. Nowadays technological advances and the availability of genome sequence have made novel approaches on the whole genome level possible. Molecular breeding, including both transgenic approach and marker-assisted breeding have facilitated the production of large amounts of markers for high density maps and allowed genome-wide association studies and genomic selection in sunflower, maize and potato. Marker-assisted selection related to hybrid performance has shown that genomic selection is a successful approach to address complex quantitative traits and to facilitate speeding up breeding programs in these crops in the future.
{"title":"Molecular advances on agricultural crop improvement to meet current cultivating demands","authors":"T. Margaritopoulou, D. Milioni","doi":"10.2478/HPPJ-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/HPPJ-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sunflower, maize and potato are among the world’s principal crops. In order to improve various traits, these crops have been genetically engineered to a great extent. Even though molecular markers for simple traits such as, fertility, herbicide tolerance or specific pathogen resistance have been successfully used in marker-assisted breeding programs for years, agronomical important complex quantitative traits like yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance and seed quality content are challenging and require whole genome approaches. Collections of genetic resources for these crops are conserved worldwide and represent valuable resources to study complex traits. Nowadays technological advances and the availability of genome sequence have made novel approaches on the whole genome level possible. Molecular breeding, including both transgenic approach and marker-assisted breeding have facilitated the production of large amounts of markers for high density maps and allowed genome-wide association studies and genomic selection in sunflower, maize and potato. Marker-assisted selection related to hybrid performance has shown that genomic selection is a successful approach to address complex quantitative traits and to facilitate speeding up breeding programs in these crops in the future.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48332748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E.-E. Thomloudi, P. Tsalgatidou, D. Douka, T.-N. Spantidos, M. Dimou, A. Venieraki, P. Katinakis
Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms or Plant Probiotics (PGPMs) constitute a promising solution for agricultural sustainability. The concept that inoculation of PGPM mixtures may perform better in enhancing agricultural production than single strain application dates back to the discovery of plant growth rhizobacteria (PGPR) and is gaining ground in our days. This shift is highlighted by the increasing number of research publications dealing with the positive impact of microbial mixtures in promoting plant growth, controlling plant pathogens, as well as providing abiotic stress tolerance. The continuous deposition of patents as well as commercially available formulations concerning bioprotective and/or biostimulant multistrain mixtures also underlines this shift. A major issue in engineering an effective and consistent synthetic multistrain mixture appears to be the compatibility of its components. The present review provides a thorough literature survey supporting the view that treatment of plants with compatible multistrain mixtures generally exerts a better effect in plant growth and health than single-strain inoculation. Our study focuses on multistrain mixtures based on Pseudomonas, Bacillus and beneficial fungal strains, while commercial products are also being referred.
{"title":"Multistrain versus single-strain plant growth promoting microbial inoculants - The compatibility issue","authors":"E.-E. Thomloudi, P. Tsalgatidou, D. Douka, T.-N. Spantidos, M. Dimou, A. Venieraki, P. Katinakis","doi":"10.2478/HPPJ-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/HPPJ-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms or Plant Probiotics (PGPMs) constitute a promising solution for agricultural sustainability. The concept that inoculation of PGPM mixtures may perform better in enhancing agricultural production than single strain application dates back to the discovery of plant growth rhizobacteria (PGPR) and is gaining ground in our days. This shift is highlighted by the increasing number of research publications dealing with the positive impact of microbial mixtures in promoting plant growth, controlling plant pathogens, as well as providing abiotic stress tolerance. The continuous deposition of patents as well as commercially available formulations concerning bioprotective and/or biostimulant multistrain mixtures also underlines this shift. A major issue in engineering an effective and consistent synthetic multistrain mixture appears to be the compatibility of its components. The present review provides a thorough literature survey supporting the view that treatment of plants with compatible multistrain mixtures generally exerts a better effect in plant growth and health than single-strain inoculation. Our study focuses on multistrain mixtures based on Pseudomonas, Bacillus and beneficial fungal strains, while commercial products are also being referred.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48126866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) is a popular ornamental plant in Iraq. Individuals of this plant showing stem and root rot symptoms were observed during a survey conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 in several nurseries in Kerbala province, Iraq. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. This is the first report of stem and root rot caused by F. proliferatum on lucky bamboo (D. braunii) in Iraq.
{"title":"First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) in Iraq","authors":"A. Lahuf","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) is a popular ornamental plant in Iraq. Individuals of this plant showing stem and root rot symptoms were observed during a survey conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 in several nurseries in Kerbala province, Iraq. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. This is the first report of stem and root rot caused by F. proliferatum on lucky bamboo (D. braunii) in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This is the first record of Chymomyza procnemoides (Wheeler, 1952) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Turkey. The specimens were obtained from bottle bait traps on apple, pear and plum fruit trees at the Uşak province in 2017.
{"title":"First record of Chymomyza procnemoides (Wheeler) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Turkish fauna","authors":"E. Zengin","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This is the first record of Chymomyza procnemoides (Wheeler, 1952) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Turkey. The specimens were obtained from bottle bait traps on apple, pear and plum fruit trees at the Uşak province in 2017.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"22 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69211045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to M. javanica was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (Physalis alkekengi L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), garden anchusa (Anchusa italica Retz.), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), thistle (Echinops adenocaulos Boiss.) and woundwort (Stachys pilifera Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.
{"title":"Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica","authors":"S. Ansari, H. Charehgani, R. Ghaderi","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to M. javanica was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (Physalis alkekengi L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), garden anchusa (Anchusa italica Retz.), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), thistle (Echinops adenocaulos Boiss.) and woundwort (Stachys pilifera Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"11 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41650474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, Encarsia berlesei Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by Aphytis proclia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.
{"title":"Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran","authors":"A. Toorani, H. Abbasipour, L. Dehghan-Dehnavi","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, Encarsia berlesei Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by Aphytis proclia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"12 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Radwan, A. Saad, H. Mesbah, Hassan Al-haj Ibrahim, M. Khalil
Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.
{"title":"Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"M. A. Radwan, A. Saad, H. Mesbah, Hassan Al-haj Ibrahim, M. Khalil","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"24 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69211052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides commonly used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia were assessed in the laboratory against adults of Trichogramma cacoeciae, an important egg parasitoid of the dried fruit moth Ephestia calidella. Bioassays were conducted according to the standard protocol of the International Organization for Biological Control IOBC/WPRS/Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Our results showed that cypermethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, phenthoate, methomyl, and carbosulfan were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) to the parasitoid. The botanical insecticides azadirachtin and matrine were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) and slightly harmful (IOBC Class 2), respectively. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was slightly harmful, whereas bistrifluron was harmless (IOBC Class 1). Regarding sublethal effects, the parasitism ratios compared to control were reduced by pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin to 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively; hence they are classified as slightly harmful insecticides (IOBC Class 2). Bistrifluron and matrine were harmless (IOBC Class 1) as parasitism ratios were reduced by 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Longevity of adults exposed to bistrifluron and matrine (3.6 and 3.3 days, respectively) and to pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin (1.7 and 1.3 days, respectively) was significantly lower than that in control (4.67 days). In semi-field tests, residues of most insecticides on leaves of tomato, a common host plant of lepidopteran pests parasitized by T. cacoeciae, were considered moderately harmful to harmful based on parasitoid mortality at 24 h post-treatment whereas they were slightly harmful at 7 and 14 days post-treatment
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides, used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia, on the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae","authors":"M. J. Hajjar, M. Al-Masoud","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides commonly used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia were assessed in the laboratory against adults of Trichogramma cacoeciae, an important egg parasitoid of the dried fruit moth Ephestia calidella. Bioassays were conducted according to the standard protocol of the International Organization for Biological Control IOBC/WPRS/Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Our results showed that cypermethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, phenthoate, methomyl, and carbosulfan were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) to the parasitoid. The botanical insecticides azadirachtin and matrine were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) and slightly harmful (IOBC Class 2), respectively. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was slightly harmful, whereas bistrifluron was harmless (IOBC Class 1). Regarding sublethal effects, the parasitism ratios compared to control were reduced by pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin to 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively; hence they are classified as slightly harmful insecticides (IOBC Class 2). Bistrifluron and matrine were harmless (IOBC Class 1) as parasitism ratios were reduced by 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Longevity of adults exposed to bistrifluron and matrine (3.6 and 3.3 days, respectively) and to pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin (1.7 and 1.3 days, respectively) was significantly lower than that in control (4.67 days). In semi-field tests, residues of most insecticides on leaves of tomato, a common host plant of lepidopteran pests parasitized by T. cacoeciae, were considered moderately harmful to harmful based on parasitoid mortality at 24 h post-treatment whereas they were slightly harmful at 7 and 14 days post-treatment","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"62 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of barley scald disease, is a fungus commonly found in the environment. Disease spread within a field and between fields occurs through the aerial dispersal of the fungal spores. However, not much is known about the survival potential of fungal conidia exposed to solar radiation. In the present study, detached conidia of R. secalis were exposed simultaneously in the field to direct sunlight or placed in an adjacent ventilated enclosure in the dark for periods ranging from 0.5 to 8h. In addition, conidia were either exposed or not exposed to UV-C light (254 nm) for periods ranging between 0.5 and 60 min in the laboratory. After exposure, conidia were placed on water agar Petri dishes and allowed to germinate for 24h. Germinability of conidia was reduced by up to 94% after 8h of exposure to solar irradiance (670-860 Wm-2) in the field in comparison to the non-exposed control. Germinability of conidia in the laboratory was reduced up to ~100% by doses of UV-C light of 3.2±0.7 Wm-2. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between climatic conditions and barley scald epidemics
{"title":"Survival and germinability of Rhynchosporium secalis conidia exposed to solar radiation","authors":"E. Al-shehadah, A. Al-Daoude, M. Jawhar","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of barley scald disease, is a fungus commonly found in the environment. Disease spread within a field and between fields occurs through the aerial dispersal of the fungal spores. However, not much is known about the survival potential of fungal conidia exposed to solar radiation. In the present study, detached conidia of R. secalis were exposed simultaneously in the field to direct sunlight or placed in an adjacent ventilated enclosure in the dark for periods ranging from 0.5 to 8h. In addition, conidia were either exposed or not exposed to UV-C light (254 nm) for periods ranging between 0.5 and 60 min in the laboratory. After exposure, conidia were placed on water agar Petri dishes and allowed to germinate for 24h. Germinability of conidia was reduced by up to 94% after 8h of exposure to solar irradiance (670-860 Wm-2) in the field in comparison to the non-exposed control. Germinability of conidia in the laboratory was reduced up to ~100% by doses of UV-C light of 3.2±0.7 Wm-2. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between climatic conditions and barley scald epidemics","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"47 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A faunistic complex of chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with cynipids and cecidomyids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae; Diptera: Cecydomyiidae) inhabiting capsules of the annual weed Papaver rhoeas L. (corn poppy) was recorded in Amynteo, Northern Greece (2012) and Orchomenos, Voeotia, Central Greece (2013). The parasitoids are Idiomacromerus papaveris (Forster, 1856), Idiomacromerus sp., Pseudotorymus papaveris (Thomson, 1876) (Torymidae), Aprostocetus epicharmus Walker, 1839 (Eulophidae), and Cyrtoptyx sp. (Pteromalidae). Aprostocetus epicharmus was recorded only in Amynteo while Idiomacromerus spp. and Cyrtoptyx sp. only in Voeotia. This is the first record of these parasitoid species in corn poppy capsules in Greece. All parasitoids except the eulophid, which probably parasitizes Cecydomyiidae, are most likely parasitoids of Aylax papaveris (Perris, 1840) (Cynipidae)
{"title":"First record of parasitoids associated with insects inhabiting capsules of Papaver rhoeas in Greece","authors":"F. Karamaouna, M. Samara, V. Kati, M. Mitroiu","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A faunistic complex of chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with cynipids and cecidomyids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae; Diptera: Cecydomyiidae) inhabiting capsules of the annual weed Papaver rhoeas L. (corn poppy) was recorded in Amynteo, Northern Greece (2012) and Orchomenos, Voeotia, Central Greece (2013). The parasitoids are Idiomacromerus papaveris (Forster, 1856), Idiomacromerus sp., Pseudotorymus papaveris (Thomson, 1876) (Torymidae), Aprostocetus epicharmus Walker, 1839 (Eulophidae), and Cyrtoptyx sp. (Pteromalidae). Aprostocetus epicharmus was recorded only in Amynteo while Idiomacromerus spp. and Cyrtoptyx sp. only in Voeotia. This is the first record of these parasitoid species in corn poppy capsules in Greece. All parasitoids except the eulophid, which probably parasitizes Cecydomyiidae, are most likely parasitoids of Aylax papaveris (Perris, 1840) (Cynipidae)","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"54 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46803855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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