Corn weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most destructive pests of corn seeds during storage. The weevil may be a vector of mycotoxigenic fungi or yeast contaminating seed lots. In this study, an unknown yeast species was isolated from corn weevils found in stored corn seeds. We hypothesized that this yeast had an antifungal activity thereby inhibiting growth of mycotoxigenic fungi in corn seeds. The yeast species was identified as Hyphopichia burtonii, using combined morphological and molecular assays, and its potential inhibitory activity was assessed in vitro (spread plate and dual culture) against three known mycotoxigenic fungi, Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus niger and A. fl avus. Screening of the antagonistic activity of the yeast isolate showed 50 – 69% colony growth inhibition of three fungi when the yeast was spread plated on PDA but only slight inhibition (5.8 – 13.7% growth inhibition) in the dual culture assay. The sporulation of the fungi was also affected at 57 – 96% and 29 – 40% in spread plating and dual culture assay, respectively. In addition, volatile and non-volatile fractions also showed a reduction in mycelial growth. Variable responses were observed among the mycotoxigenic fungi. Further research would be interesting on the potential utilization of the antagonistic yeast to reduce fungal growth and sporulation, and possible mitigation of mycotoxin contamination in corn grains. To our knowledge, this is the first record of H. burtonii isolated from an insect, specifically S. zeamais.
{"title":"First record of Hyphopichia burtonii isolated from the storage pest Sitophilus zeamais and its bioactivity against mycotoxigenic fungi","authors":"M.N.P. Seco, A.K.M. Beltran, M.A.O. Balendres","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Corn weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most destructive pests of corn seeds during storage. The weevil may be a vector of mycotoxigenic fungi or yeast contaminating seed lots. In this study, an unknown yeast species was isolated from corn weevils found in stored corn seeds. We hypothesized that this yeast had an antifungal activity thereby inhibiting growth of mycotoxigenic fungi in corn seeds. The yeast species was identified as Hyphopichia burtonii, using combined morphological and molecular assays, and its potential inhibitory activity was assessed in vitro (spread plate and dual culture) against three known mycotoxigenic fungi, Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus niger and A. fl avus. Screening of the antagonistic activity of the yeast isolate showed 50 – 69% colony growth inhibition of three fungi when the yeast was spread plated on PDA but only slight inhibition (5.8 – 13.7% growth inhibition) in the dual culture assay. The sporulation of the fungi was also affected at 57 – 96% and 29 – 40% in spread plating and dual culture assay, respectively. In addition, volatile and non-volatile fractions also showed a reduction in mycelial growth. Variable responses were observed among the mycotoxigenic fungi. Further research would be interesting on the potential utilization of the antagonistic yeast to reduce fungal growth and sporulation, and possible mitigation of mycotoxin contamination in corn grains. To our knowledge, this is the first record of H. burtonii isolated from an insect, specifically S. zeamais.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Belguerri, B. A. Boulaouad, S. Bella, M. Belkacem, B. Harzallah, B. Bakhouche
The fig-tree skeletonizer moth, Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae), is a widespread species in the Mediterranean region. In October 2023 and June 2024, during pest control operations as part of the harvesting campaign in the fig groves of the Bordj Ghedir and Wilaya de Bouira regions (Algeria), C. nemorana was documented for the first time in Algeria.
{"title":"The fig-tree skeletonizer moth, Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), a new species for the Algeria fauna","authors":"H. Belguerri, B. A. Boulaouad, S. Bella, M. Belkacem, B. Harzallah, B. Bakhouche","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The fig-tree skeletonizer moth, Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae), is a widespread species in the Mediterranean region. In October 2023 and June 2024, during pest control operations as part of the harvesting campaign in the fig groves of the Bordj Ghedir and Wilaya de Bouira regions (Algeria), C. nemorana was documented for the first time in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"147 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study evaluated the effect of microbial-derived insecticides (abamectin and spinosad), two microbials (Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner), and three chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) (chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron and lufenuron) against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Spinosad and abamectin caused pronounced mortality against second larval instar of S. frugiperda using the leaf dipping method. Spinosad induced higher toxicity (LC50 = 4.01 mg/L) than abamectin (LC50 = 8.33 mg/L) one day after treatment. The treatments with B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis caused higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae 7 days after treatment with LC50 values of 3.0 × 105 spores/ml and 8.2 × 106 cells/ml, respectively. In the case of the CSIs, hexaflumuron showed higher toxicity than chlorfluazuron and lufenuron with LC50 values of 0.01, 0.009 and 0.005 mg/L 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment, respectively.
{"title":"Comparative effect of biopesticides against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)","authors":"A. Atta, A. A. Al-Ayat, H. A. Gad, S. Abdelgaleil","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current study evaluated the effect of microbial-derived insecticides (abamectin and spinosad), two microbials (Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner), and three chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) (chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron and lufenuron) against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Spinosad and abamectin caused pronounced mortality against second larval instar of S. frugiperda using the leaf dipping method. Spinosad induced higher toxicity (LC50 = 4.01 mg/L) than abamectin (LC50 = 8.33 mg/L) one day after treatment. The treatments with B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis caused higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae 7 days after treatment with LC50 values of 3.0 × 105 spores/ml and 8.2 × 106 cells/ml, respectively. In the case of the CSIs, hexaflumuron showed higher toxicity than chlorfluazuron and lufenuron with LC50 values of 0.01, 0.009 and 0.005 mg/L 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"21 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Japoshvili, M. Murvanidze, N. Inasaridze, N. Meskhi, Z. Lipartia, L. Namicheishvili
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), population fluctuations and distribution were monitored in four susceptible crops (blueberry, strawberry, cherry, wine grapes) and five major agricultural regions of Georgia (Guria, Samegrelo, Imereti, Kartli and Kakheti) during the years 2021 and 2022 with the aim to study the population size and evaluate the pest status. Population monitoring was conducted in four locations of each studied region on a weekly basis from May to November using PHEROCON® SWD traps with PHEROCON® SWD PEEL-PAK™ Broad Spectrum Lures. The investigation indicated significant growth of population from 2021 to 2022 in most of the studied locations. Population increase was detected in all crop orchards except cherries. Τhe absence of alternative host plants at crop proximity was of critical importance to save the crop from pest invasion. The crop plant species did not have a significant impact on D. suzukii. Pest population was significantly larger in summer and autumn compared to spring, possibly influenced by the ripening of alternative crops such as blackberry and elderberry. The sex ratio between male and female individuals was almost 1:1 and remained consistent through the two-year study period and across regions. We consider that D. suzukii entered the country from the southwestern part and extended its distribution range towards the east. No strategies for D. suzukii control have been elaborated in Georgia so far. Sprays of effective pesticides based on pest monitoring as well as sanitation measures involving removal of alternative host plants and any crop residues from the field are necessary to avoid pest outbreak.
{"title":"Population monitoring and status evaluation of the new invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in various crop systems of Georgia (Sakartvelo)","authors":"G. Japoshvili, M. Murvanidze, N. Inasaridze, N. Meskhi, Z. Lipartia, L. Namicheishvili","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), population fluctuations and distribution were monitored in four susceptible crops (blueberry, strawberry, cherry, wine grapes) and five major agricultural regions of Georgia (Guria, Samegrelo, Imereti, Kartli and Kakheti) during the years 2021 and 2022 with the aim to study the population size and evaluate the pest status. Population monitoring was conducted in four locations of each studied region on a weekly basis from May to November using PHEROCON® SWD traps with PHEROCON® SWD PEEL-PAK™ Broad Spectrum Lures. The investigation indicated significant growth of population from 2021 to 2022 in most of the studied locations. Population increase was detected in all crop orchards except cherries. Τhe absence of alternative host plants at crop proximity was of critical importance to save the crop from pest invasion. The crop plant species did not have a significant impact on D. suzukii. Pest population was significantly larger in summer and autumn compared to spring, possibly influenced by the ripening of alternative crops such as blackberry and elderberry. The sex ratio between male and female individuals was almost 1:1 and remained consistent through the two-year study period and across regions. We consider that D. suzukii entered the country from the southwestern part and extended its distribution range towards the east. No strategies for D. suzukii control have been elaborated in Georgia so far. Sprays of effective pesticides based on pest monitoring as well as sanitation measures involving removal of alternative host plants and any crop residues from the field are necessary to avoid pest outbreak.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five fungal endophytes, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Rhizopus sp. and Curvularia sp., were isolated from an Egyptian herbaceous plant, Tribulus terrestris, and tested for their antibacterial activity against three phytopathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae). Chaetomium sp. showed the highest antibacterial activity. This strain was identified morphologically and molecularly as Chaetomium cochliodes MS03 (MW898133) based on the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 genomic region. Chaetomium cochliodes caused 15 and 8 mm inhibition zones of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and R. solanacearum, respectively. Chaetomium cochliodes isolate was fermented and extracted with ethyl acetate. The crude extract of C. cochliodes showed strong antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (inhibition zone = 27 mm). Bioassay guided isolation of the crude extract using silica gel column chromatography was conducted to isolate bioactive secondary metabolites. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 500, 32 and 4 mg/L for C. cochliodes extract, fraction 14 and fraction 15, respectively, against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Bioactive fractions were analyzed by GC/MS. The bioactive pure compound was identified as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) and the chemical structure was confirmed by H1 NMR and C13 NMR spectral analysis. The isolated compound showed a promising antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum with MIC value of 32 mg/L.
{"title":"Antibacterial potential of extracts and metabolites isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium cochliodes against phytopathogenic bacteria","authors":"M. Saad, S.A.M. Abdelgaleil","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Five fungal endophytes, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Rhizopus sp. and Curvularia sp., were isolated from an Egyptian herbaceous plant, Tribulus terrestris, and tested for their antibacterial activity against three phytopathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae). Chaetomium sp. showed the highest antibacterial activity. This strain was identified morphologically and molecularly as Chaetomium cochliodes MS03 (MW898133) based on the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 genomic region. Chaetomium cochliodes caused 15 and 8 mm inhibition zones of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and R. solanacearum, respectively. Chaetomium cochliodes isolate was fermented and extracted with ethyl acetate. The crude extract of C. cochliodes showed strong antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (inhibition zone = 27 mm). Bioassay guided isolation of the crude extract using silica gel column chromatography was conducted to isolate bioactive secondary metabolites. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 500, 32 and 4 mg/L for C. cochliodes extract, fraction 14 and fraction 15, respectively, against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Bioactive fractions were analyzed by GC/MS. The bioactive pure compound was identified as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) and the chemical structure was confirmed by H1 NMR and C13 NMR spectral analysis. The isolated compound showed a promising antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum with MIC value of 32 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Abou Kubaa, E. Choueiri, F. Jreijiri, A. Minafra
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was detected in several rose plants showing symptoms of rose mosaic disease (RMD) in Beqaa valley, Lebanon. PNRSV was found in 29 plants by molecular and serological analyses, while other viruses associated with RMD were absent. Although PNRSV is known to have a wide host range, the present paper reports the first occurrence of PNRSV on rose plants in Lebanon.
{"title":"First report of prunus necrotic ringspot virus infecting rose (Rosa spp.) in Lebanon","authors":"R. Abou Kubaa, E. Choueiri, F. Jreijiri, A. Minafra","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was detected in several rose plants showing symptoms of rose mosaic disease (RMD) in Beqaa valley, Lebanon. PNRSV was found in 29 plants by molecular and serological analyses, while other viruses associated with RMD were absent. Although PNRSV is known to have a wide host range, the present paper reports the first occurrence of PNRSV on rose plants in Lebanon.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"54 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dioecious gymnosperm self-sown ornamental plant Ephedra foeminea Forssk (Ephedraceae: Gnetales) has a special interest due to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. The present study contributes with data about the phenology of the plant in Attica, Greece, and the complex of its scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead) (Coccidae) (morphology, phenology, biology, natural enemies), Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum (Lindinger) (morphology, natural enemies) and Leucaspis riccae Targioni Tozzetti (Diaspididae) (natural enemies), based on observations made from April 2021 to June 2023. Stotzia ephedrae which was the scale species found in higher numbers on E. foeminea is a univoltine, oviparous and biparental species recorded as settled 1st instar nymph on the shoots of E. foeminea from May to January. The fecundity of the scale fluctuated between 370 and 598 eggs per female. The results on the phenology of S. ephedrae contribute to the knowledge of the critical period for the pest control, i.e. from May to January during which the scale remains in the sensitive first instar. In addition, the records of parasitoids and predators in the colonies of the scale insects infesting E. foeminea provide information on the available natural enemies for potential use in biological control schemes of these pests.
{"title":"New data on the scale insect pests of Ephedra foeminea in Greece","authors":"G. Stathas, P. Skouras, E. Kartsonas, A.I. Darras","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The dioecious gymnosperm self-sown ornamental plant Ephedra foeminea Forssk (Ephedraceae: Gnetales) has a special interest due to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. The present study contributes with data about the phenology of the plant in Attica, Greece, and the complex of its scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead) (Coccidae) (morphology, phenology, biology, natural enemies), Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum (Lindinger) (morphology, natural enemies) and Leucaspis riccae Targioni Tozzetti (Diaspididae) (natural enemies), based on observations made from April 2021 to June 2023. Stotzia ephedrae which was the scale species found in higher numbers on E. foeminea is a univoltine, oviparous and biparental species recorded as settled 1st instar nymph on the shoots of E. foeminea from May to January. The fecundity of the scale fluctuated between 370 and 598 eggs per female. The results on the phenology of S. ephedrae contribute to the knowledge of the critical period for the pest control, i.e. from May to January during which the scale remains in the sensitive first instar. In addition, the records of parasitoids and predators in the colonies of the scale insects infesting E. foeminea provide information on the available natural enemies for potential use in biological control schemes of these pests.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"271 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barda, F. Karamaouna, Th. Stathakis, D. Perdikis
Insect dependency of apple crop for pollination vary in different cultivars. The cv. ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’, is a Protected Designation of Origin apple of Greece, which lacks information on self-compatibility and needs for insect pollination for commercial fruit production. Here, the effect of wind, free (wind and insects), honeybee, free with at least one visit from a bumblebee and hand pollination was examined on fruit set and fruit characteristics. Also, the effect of flowering patches as a practice to attract pollinators in the apple orchards, on fruit quality characteristics was studied. A pollinizer apple variety and insect pollinators are necessary for successful pollination of ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’ since hand pollination with pollen of the same cv., and wind pollination resulted in very low fruit set. Single flower visits by honeybees could give fruit set, however, free pollination with at least one visit of B. terrestris resulted in higher fruit set compared to the other pollination treatments. Free pollination resulted in more fruits with higher number of seeds than wind pollination (only one fruit obtained). Apples produced from flowers adjacent to the flowering mixture patches had significantly higher skin firmness and lower total soluble solids at harvest (both desirable traits for ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’), compared to fruits from trees in naturally occurring groundcover.
{"title":"Pollination and fruit set of the Protected Designation of Origin apple cv. ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’ depends on insect pollinators","authors":"M. Barda, F. Karamaouna, Th. Stathakis, D. Perdikis","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Insect dependency of apple crop for pollination vary in different cultivars. The cv. ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’, is a Protected Designation of Origin apple of Greece, which lacks information on self-compatibility and needs for insect pollination for commercial fruit production. Here, the effect of wind, free (wind and insects), honeybee, free with at least one visit from a bumblebee and hand pollination was examined on fruit set and fruit characteristics. Also, the effect of flowering patches as a practice to attract pollinators in the apple orchards, on fruit quality characteristics was studied. A pollinizer apple variety and insect pollinators are necessary for successful pollination of ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’ since hand pollination with pollen of the same cv., and wind pollination resulted in very low fruit set. Single flower visits by honeybees could give fruit set, however, free pollination with at least one visit of B. terrestris resulted in higher fruit set compared to the other pollination treatments. Free pollination resulted in more fruits with higher number of seeds than wind pollination (only one fruit obtained). Apples produced from flowers adjacent to the flowering mixture patches had significantly higher skin firmness and lower total soluble solids at harvest (both desirable traits for ‘Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos’), compared to fruits from trees in naturally occurring groundcover.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"118 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Alebrahim, E. S. Kalkhoran, R. Majd, S. A. Khatami
Adjuvants are used with herbicides to increase their efficacy. In this study, it was demonstrated that the application of 0.1% of the non-ionic surfactant (NIS, Contact) and 0.5 L ha−1 of a crop oil concentrate (COC, Renol) did not improve the efficacy of rimsulfuron on Amaranthus retroflexus. In contrast, the same treatments enhanced performance and rainfastnes of rimsulfuron in Chenopodium album. Increasing non-ionic surfactant concentration to 1 L ha−1 increased rimsulfuron performance around 10-fold for A. retroflexus compared to around 3-fold for C. album. The same treatment reduced 12-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on A. retroflexus while improving 2-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on C. album. Measured ED50 and ED90 doses of rimsulfuron indicated that the addition of the 0.2 L ha−1 of NIS improved the recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) and the reduced (30 g a.i. ha−1) dose effect of rimsulfurom in potato crop in the field. The highest potato yield was recorded (60 tons per ha) when 60 g ai. ha−1 of rimsulfuron was applied at three growth stages [leaf development (S1) + vegetatively propagated organs (S4) + development of tuber (S7)] of the crop without using a NIS; not significant differences were measured when the same dose of rimsulfuron was applied at the three (S1, S4, and S7) and two (S1, S4) growth stages with NIS.
{"title":"Effects of adjuvants on the effectiveness and rainfastness of rimsulfuron in potato","authors":"M. T. Alebrahim, E. S. Kalkhoran, R. Majd, S. A. Khatami","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adjuvants are used with herbicides to increase their efficacy. In this study, it was demonstrated that the application of 0.1% of the non-ionic surfactant (NIS, Contact) and 0.5 L ha−1 of a crop oil concentrate (COC, Renol) did not improve the efficacy of rimsulfuron on Amaranthus retroflexus. In contrast, the same treatments enhanced performance and rainfastnes of rimsulfuron in Chenopodium album. Increasing non-ionic surfactant concentration to 1 L ha−1 increased rimsulfuron performance around 10-fold for A. retroflexus compared to around 3-fold for C. album. The same treatment reduced 12-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on A. retroflexus while improving 2-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on C. album. Measured ED50 and ED90 doses of rimsulfuron indicated that the addition of the 0.2 L ha−1 of NIS improved the recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) and the reduced (30 g a.i. ha−1) dose effect of rimsulfurom in potato crop in the field. The highest potato yield was recorded (60 tons per ha) when 60 g ai. ha−1 of rimsulfuron was applied at three growth stages [leaf development (S1) + vegetatively propagated organs (S4) + development of tuber (S7)] of the crop without using a NIS; not significant differences were measured when the same dose of rimsulfuron was applied at the three (S1, S4, and S7) and two (S1, S4) growth stages with NIS.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Haddad, M.C. Smaili, M. Afechtal, V. Cavalieri, R. Benkirane, K. El Handi, R. Abou Kubaa
In Morocco, the climate conditions are favorable for the establishment and the spread of Xylella fastidiosa (X.f). However, the successful establishment of the bacterium depends on many factors; mainly: bacterial subspecies and sequence type, host plants susceptibility, feeding behavior and transmission efficiency of the insect vectors. Knowledge of the relationship between the bacterium–affected crop agro-ecosystem and potential insect vectors is of crucial importance. In this work, we list the tritrophic interaction X.f-host plants-insect vectors that occur worldwide in order to apply it to the current situation in Morocco and for risk analysis on the bacterium in the country. Two most relevant X.f subspecies of the bacterium (in terms of impact on crops) were considered, namely, subsp. fastidiosa and subsp. pauca. Based on the international literature and public databases, the majority of the X.f-insect vectors are comprised in two families: Cicadellidae and Aphrophoridae. Among all cicadellid species recorded, a high number had the capacity to transmit X.f to hosts in America while this ability is null for other regions (except Graphocephala versuta Say (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) recorded in Algeria). In Morocco, none of the cicadellid genera reported worldwide as vectors of X.f, have been so far reported, whereas many species of spittlebugs and leafhoppers are present. Philaenus tesselatus Melichar (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) is highly abundant in Morocco and could play a role as potential vector in case the bacterium is introduced in the country. With regard to the X.f hosts, citrus, olive, almond and grapevine, forest agroecosystems and oleander are considered the main susceptible species present in Morocco.
{"title":"Worldwide potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa and assessment of their importance with a focus on Morocco","authors":"N. Haddad, M.C. Smaili, M. Afechtal, V. Cavalieri, R. Benkirane, K. El Handi, R. Abou Kubaa","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Morocco, the climate conditions are favorable for the establishment and the spread of Xylella fastidiosa (X.f). However, the successful establishment of the bacterium depends on many factors; mainly: bacterial subspecies and sequence type, host plants susceptibility, feeding behavior and transmission efficiency of the insect vectors. Knowledge of the relationship between the bacterium–affected crop agro-ecosystem and potential insect vectors is of crucial importance. In this work, we list the tritrophic interaction X.f-host plants-insect vectors that occur worldwide in order to apply it to the current situation in Morocco and for risk analysis on the bacterium in the country. Two most relevant X.f subspecies of the bacterium (in terms of impact on crops) were considered, namely, subsp. fastidiosa and subsp. pauca. Based on the international literature and public databases, the majority of the X.f-insect vectors are comprised in two families: Cicadellidae and Aphrophoridae. Among all cicadellid species recorded, a high number had the capacity to transmit X.f to hosts in America while this ability is null for other regions (except Graphocephala versuta Say (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) recorded in Algeria). In Morocco, none of the cicadellid genera reported worldwide as vectors of X.f, have been so far reported, whereas many species of spittlebugs and leafhoppers are present. Philaenus tesselatus Melichar (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) is highly abundant in Morocco and could play a role as potential vector in case the bacterium is introduced in the country. With regard to the X.f hosts, citrus, olive, almond and grapevine, forest agroecosystems and oleander are considered the main susceptible species present in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"185 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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