Summary Fusarium subglutinans (Ascomycota: Nectriaceae) is known to have lethal effects on aphid species, while there are limited studies associated with other arthropods. In this study, the effect of different spore concentrations (1×104, 1×106 and 1×108 spores/ml) of F. subglutinans 12A, isolated from Aphis gossypii in Adana-Karataş (Turkey), was investigated on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) females and on 2nd instar nymphs (only 1×106 spores/ml). The application method was by dipping and observations on mortality of females were conducted 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 and 9 days after application. Mycosis was also observed on dead individulas. Mortality of nymphs was recorded during 8 days after application. Higher average dead females were found in the treatments compared to the control, but there was not significant difference between the tested concentrations (Mycosis rate recorded in 1×106 spores/ml was higher than those in 1×104 and 1×108 spores/ml). The highest and lowest mycosis rates were observed on the 7th and 3rd day, respectively. Average number of dead 2nd instar nymphs recorded in 1×106 spores/ml did not differ from control.
{"title":"Insecticidal effect of Fusarium subglutinans on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)","authors":"O. Demirözer, A. Uzun, S. Arici, I. Gep, R. Bakay","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Fusarium subglutinans (Ascomycota: Nectriaceae) is known to have lethal effects on aphid species, while there are limited studies associated with other arthropods. In this study, the effect of different spore concentrations (1×104, 1×106 and 1×108 spores/ml) of F. subglutinans 12A, isolated from Aphis gossypii in Adana-Karataş (Turkey), was investigated on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) females and on 2nd instar nymphs (only 1×106 spores/ml). The application method was by dipping and observations on mortality of females were conducted 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 and 9 days after application. Mycosis was also observed on dead individulas. Mortality of nymphs was recorded during 8 days after application. Higher average dead females were found in the treatments compared to the control, but there was not significant difference between the tested concentrations (Mycosis rate recorded in 1×106 spores/ml was higher than those in 1×104 and 1×108 spores/ml). The highest and lowest mycosis rates were observed on the 7th and 3rd day, respectively. Average number of dead 2nd instar nymphs recorded in 1×106 spores/ml did not differ from control.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2016-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Azimi, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam, H. Rouhani, H. Rajabi Memari
Summary During a survey in Iran, two known species of plant-parasitic nematodes of the families Tylenchidae and Criconematidae were reported for the first time. The morphological and morphometric characters of Iranian populations of the two recovered species are discussed and illustrated based on morphological and morphometrics data. Iranian population of Filenchus orientalis is characterized by having a 601-755μm body length, stylet length of 9.0-11.3 μm, lateral field with four incisures, tail length of 100-118 μm and males with 15-21 μm long spicules. Hemicriconemoides californianus population is characterized by having a body length of 430-550μm, lip region with two annuli, stylet length of 75-83μm and tail length of 20-28 μm. The morphological and morphometric characters of both species are in agreement with those in original descriptions.
{"title":"First report of the nematodes Filenchus orientalis and Hemicriconemoides californianus on faba bean in Iran","authors":"S. Azimi, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam, H. Rouhani, H. Rajabi Memari","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary During a survey in Iran, two known species of plant-parasitic nematodes of the families Tylenchidae and Criconematidae were reported for the first time. The morphological and morphometric characters of Iranian populations of the two recovered species are discussed and illustrated based on morphological and morphometrics data. Iranian population of Filenchus orientalis is characterized by having a 601-755μm body length, stylet length of 9.0-11.3 μm, lateral field with four incisures, tail length of 100-118 μm and males with 15-21 μm long spicules. Hemicriconemoides californianus population is characterized by having a body length of 430-550μm, lip region with two annuli, stylet length of 75-83μm and tail length of 20-28 μm. The morphological and morphometric characters of both species are in agreement with those in original descriptions.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Esfahani, S. Jamali, A. Saeedizadeh, H. Pedramfar
Summary The effects of salicylic acid (SA), Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 were studied on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars (Gina VF, Falat CH, Falat 111, Karoon) during 2012-2013. Four-leaf tomato seedlings were used, grown in pots containing 1000 g of sterilized soil; each seedling receiving 20 ml of T. viride suspension containing 1×106 spores, 30 ml of P. fluorescens CHA0 with 109 cfu/ml, 5mM of salicylic acid and 2000 second stage nematode juveniles. Parameters relevant to nematode population and plant growth were evaluated. The biocontrol agents and salicylic acid were effective in nematode control in combined and single treatments. High reductions in root galling and egg mass indices were observed with combination of SA and biocontrol agents. The greatest increase in plant growth was obtained when cv. Falat CH was treated with SA followed by P. fluorescens CHA0 and T. viride. The highest number of galls was recorded in cv. Karoon, followed by cvs. Falat 111, Gina VF and Falat CH. Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 provoked the highest increase in fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight and plant length in all free nematode treatments. The results indicated that chemical inducer (salicylic acid), in combination with biocontrol agents (T. viride and P. fluorescens CHA0), stimulated and eventually increased plant growth.
{"title":"Effectiveness of salicylic acid, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and Trichoderma viride to control Meloidogyne incognita race 2 on different tomato cultivars","authors":"L. Esfahani, S. Jamali, A. Saeedizadeh, H. Pedramfar","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The effects of salicylic acid (SA), Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 were studied on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars (Gina VF, Falat CH, Falat 111, Karoon) during 2012-2013. Four-leaf tomato seedlings were used, grown in pots containing 1000 g of sterilized soil; each seedling receiving 20 ml of T. viride suspension containing 1×106 spores, 30 ml of P. fluorescens CHA0 with 109 cfu/ml, 5mM of salicylic acid and 2000 second stage nematode juveniles. Parameters relevant to nematode population and plant growth were evaluated. The biocontrol agents and salicylic acid were effective in nematode control in combined and single treatments. High reductions in root galling and egg mass indices were observed with combination of SA and biocontrol agents. The greatest increase in plant growth was obtained when cv. Falat CH was treated with SA followed by P. fluorescens CHA0 and T. viride. The highest number of galls was recorded in cv. Karoon, followed by cvs. Falat 111, Gina VF and Falat CH. Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 provoked the highest increase in fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight and plant length in all free nematode treatments. The results indicated that chemical inducer (salicylic acid), in combination with biocontrol agents (T. viride and P. fluorescens CHA0), stimulated and eventually increased plant growth.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2016-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The use of silicon (Si) in agriculture has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers because of the numerous benefits of this element to plants. The use of silicon has decreased the intensity of several diseases in crops of great economic importance. In this study, the relationship between silicon nutrition and fungal disease development in plants was reviewed. The current review underlines the agricultural importance of silicon in crops, the potential for controlling fungal plant pathogens by silicon treatment, the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance, and the inhibitory effects of silicon on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. By combining the data presented in this paper, a better comprehension of the relationship between silicon treatments, increasing plant resistance, and decreasing severity of fungal diseases could be achieved.
{"title":"The role of silicon (Si) in increasing plant resistance against fungal diseases","authors":"N. Sakr","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The use of silicon (Si) in agriculture has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers because of the numerous benefits of this element to plants. The use of silicon has decreased the intensity of several diseases in crops of great economic importance. In this study, the relationship between silicon nutrition and fungal disease development in plants was reviewed. The current review underlines the agricultural importance of silicon in crops, the potential for controlling fungal plant pathogens by silicon treatment, the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance, and the inhibitory effects of silicon on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. By combining the data presented in this paper, a better comprehension of the relationship between silicon treatments, increasing plant resistance, and decreasing severity of fungal diseases could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2016-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Root-knot nematodes are among the most important pests that reduce tomato yield in greenhouses and fields in Iran. The scope of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on the reproduction and galling rate of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato roots. A pot experiment was conducted on seedlings of tomato cultivars Bony best, Falat, Mobile and Walter grown in sterilized sandy loam soil. Inocula used for artificial inoculation were 3 J2/g of soil for the nematode, 1×106 spores/ml for the fungus and 1×109 cfu/ml for the bacterium. The nematicide RUGBY® 10 G (cadusafos) was used as a reference product at 2g per each pot. Two months after inoculation, the number of knots and egg masses per root in the treatments were (with descending order): control (nematode), nematode+bacterium, nematode+fungus, nematode+fungus+bacterium and nematode+nematicide. The combination fungus+bacterium enhanced the biocontrol effect against M. javanica activity as compared to the fungus and bacterium stand-alone treatments except for the cases of the cultivars Mobile and Bonny best in which the effect was similar to the one by the fungus alone. The fungus + bacterium combined treatment was equally effective to the nematicide treatment for all cultivars. The highest and lowest rate of nematode activity was observed in Walter and Mobile cultivars, respectively.
{"title":"Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 against Meloidogyne javanica in the rhizosphere of tomato plants","authors":"A. Saeedizadeh","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Root-knot nematodes are among the most important pests that reduce tomato yield in greenhouses and fields in Iran. The scope of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on the reproduction and galling rate of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato roots. A pot experiment was conducted on seedlings of tomato cultivars Bony best, Falat, Mobile and Walter grown in sterilized sandy loam soil. Inocula used for artificial inoculation were 3 J2/g of soil for the nematode, 1×106 spores/ml for the fungus and 1×109 cfu/ml for the bacterium. The nematicide RUGBY® 10 G (cadusafos) was used as a reference product at 2g per each pot. Two months after inoculation, the number of knots and egg masses per root in the treatments were (with descending order): control (nematode), nematode+bacterium, nematode+fungus, nematode+fungus+bacterium and nematode+nematicide. The combination fungus+bacterium enhanced the biocontrol effect against M. javanica activity as compared to the fungus and bacterium stand-alone treatments except for the cases of the cultivars Mobile and Bonny best in which the effect was similar to the one by the fungus alone. The fungus + bacterium combined treatment was equally effective to the nematicide treatment for all cultivars. The highest and lowest rate of nematode activity was observed in Walter and Mobile cultivars, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2016-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66855045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Venieraki, P. Tsalgatidou, D. Georgakopoulos, M. Dimou, P. Katinakis
Summary Plant-associated environments harbor a huge number of diverse bacteria that compete and/or cooperate for the occupation of the most nutrient-rich ecological niches. Motility, a common trait among bacteria, has long been assumed to provide a survival advantage to skilful bacteria in invading these environments. Bacterial surface motility, such as swarming, a flagella-driven type of surface movement, although mostly observed and studied on agar substrates, is emerging as a major trait involved in many functions of plant-associated bacteria in regard to their ability to colonize and spread on their host. In this review, we address some novel swarming motility strategies, which enable bacteria to colonize, disperse and compete in plant surfaces.
{"title":"Swarming motility in plant-associated bacteria","authors":"A. Venieraki, P. Tsalgatidou, D. Georgakopoulos, M. Dimou, P. Katinakis","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Plant-associated environments harbor a huge number of diverse bacteria that compete and/or cooperate for the occupation of the most nutrient-rich ecological niches. Motility, a common trait among bacteria, has long been assumed to provide a survival advantage to skilful bacteria in invading these environments. Bacterial surface motility, such as swarming, a flagella-driven type of surface movement, although mostly observed and studied on agar substrates, is emerging as a major trait involved in many functions of plant-associated bacteria in regard to their ability to colonize and spread on their host. In this review, we address some novel swarming motility strategies, which enable bacteria to colonize, disperse and compete in plant surfaces.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2016-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary A high performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode array detector (HPLCDAD) analytical method was developed to determine the residue levels and investigate the dissipation pattern and safety use of methomyl in tomato and soil. Methomyl residues were extracted from tomato and soil samples with ethyl acetate. The extract was cleaned up with the QuEChERS method. The results showed that the average recoveries were in the range of 87.1-94.5%, with RSD of 6.9-11.2%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels of methomyl were best described to first order rate kinetics and half-lives ranged from 1.34 to 1.8 days in tomato and soil, respectively. The theoretical maximum residue contributions for methomyl on tomato were found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values even on zero days, therefore consumer health risks are minimal at the recommended dose on tomato.
{"title":"Degradation profile and safety evaluation of methomyl residues in tomato and soil","authors":"F. Malhat, H. Watanabe, A. Youssef","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A high performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode array detector (HPLCDAD) analytical method was developed to determine the residue levels and investigate the dissipation pattern and safety use of methomyl in tomato and soil. Methomyl residues were extracted from tomato and soil samples with ethyl acetate. The extract was cleaned up with the QuEChERS method. The results showed that the average recoveries were in the range of 87.1-94.5%, with RSD of 6.9-11.2%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels of methomyl were best described to first order rate kinetics and half-lives ranged from 1.34 to 1.8 days in tomato and soil, respectively. The theoretical maximum residue contributions for methomyl on tomato were found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values even on zero days, therefore consumer health risks are minimal at the recommended dose on tomato.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2015-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Strachinis, C. Kazilas, F. Karamaouna, Nikos Papanikolaou, G. Partsinevelos, Panagiotis G. Milonas
Summary The study concerns the first records for the presence of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis in Greece and subsequent infestations on ornamental box trees in urban environment. Adults of the pest were first spotted in six locations around the country from October 2013 until April 2015, when infestation was also detected (mid April). The pest was found infesting plants of Buxus sempervirens in several private and public gardens and parks in the urban environment of Kifissia, Attica. Possible introduction scenarios, as well as preventive and control measures are discussed.
{"title":"First record of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Greece","authors":"I. Strachinis, C. Kazilas, F. Karamaouna, Nikos Papanikolaou, G. Partsinevelos, Panagiotis G. Milonas","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The study concerns the first records for the presence of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis in Greece and subsequent infestations on ornamental box trees in urban environment. Adults of the pest were first spotted in six locations around the country from October 2013 until April 2015, when infestation was also detected (mid April). The pest was found infesting plants of Buxus sempervirens in several private and public gardens and parks in the urban environment of Kifissia, Attica. Possible introduction scenarios, as well as preventive and control measures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2015-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In this study, the presence of the scale insect Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) has been recorded in fir trees, Abies cephalonica Loudon (Pinaceae), on the Taygetus mountain (Peloponnese, South Greece). The biology of the scale insect was observed during a twelve month period, from February 2013 to January 2014. It was determined that the insect completed one generation. It overwintered as a reproductive adult female. The first ovipositions and hatching of crawlers were observed in early May, 2nd instar nymphs appeared at the beginning of August, male nymphs were seen in September and finally the first adult females at the beginning of October.
本研究在希腊南部伯罗罗尼撒半岛的Taygetus山(Peloponnese, South Greece)的冷杉(Abies cephalonica Loudon，松科)中发现了鳞片昆虫dypidiotus abieticola (Koroneos)(半翅目:鳞片昆虫科)。2013年2月至2014年1月对蚧虫进行了为期12个月的生物学观察。经测定，这种昆虫只活了一代。它作为具有生殖能力的成年雌性越冬。5月初首次产卵和孵化，8月初出现2龄若虫，9月出现雄性若虫，10月初出现首批成年雌虫。
{"title":"The scale insect Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on the Taygetus mountain in Greece","authors":"G. Stathas","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this study, the presence of the scale insect Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) has been recorded in fir trees, Abies cephalonica Loudon (Pinaceae), on the Taygetus mountain (Peloponnese, South Greece). The biology of the scale insect was observed during a twelve month period, from February 2013 to January 2014. It was determined that the insect completed one generation. It overwintered as a reproductive adult female. The first ovipositions and hatching of crawlers were observed in early May, 2nd instar nymphs appeared at the beginning of August, male nymphs were seen in September and finally the first adult females at the beginning of October.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2015-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Neonicotinoids (NNDs) constitute a major class of insecticides with a broad and versatile spectrum of applications in agriculture. Hence, their residues are found in several environmental compartments and can be transferred via several pathways to numerous organisms. Despite their profound impact on honeybees and wild bees (impairment of memory, impact on immune system), their presence in humans is far less reported, possibly due to the low to moderate toxicological effects that they elicit. The aim of the present review is to emphasize on developments in the biomonitoring of NNDs. It focuses mainly on chromatographic analysis of NNDs and their metabolites in human biological fluids, discussing key features, such as sample preparation and analytical method validation. Nonetheless, case reports regarding intoxication incidents are presented, highlighting the significance of such cases especially in the developing world.
{"title":"Neonicotinoids and their Metabolites in Human Biomonitoring: A Review","authors":"K. Kasiotis, K. Machera","doi":"10.1515/hppj-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Neonicotinoids (NNDs) constitute a major class of insecticides with a broad and versatile spectrum of applications in agriculture. Hence, their residues are found in several environmental compartments and can be transferred via several pathways to numerous organisms. Despite their profound impact on honeybees and wild bees (impairment of memory, impact on immune system), their presence in humans is far less reported, possibly due to the low to moderate toxicological effects that they elicit. The aim of the present review is to emphasize on developments in the biomonitoring of NNDs. It focuses mainly on chromatographic analysis of NNDs and their metabolites in human biological fluids, discussing key features, such as sample preparation and analytical method validation. Nonetheless, case reports regarding intoxication incidents are presented, highlighting the significance of such cases especially in the developing world.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/hppj-2015-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66854539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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