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Insecticidal effect of Fusarium subglutinans on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) 粘滞镰刀菌对西富兰克林蝇的杀虫作用(飞蛾目:蓟科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0008
O. Demirözer, A. Uzun, S. Arici, I. Gep, R. Bakay
Summary Fusarium subglutinans (Ascomycota: Nectriaceae) is known to have lethal effects on aphid species, while there are limited studies associated with other arthropods. In this study, the effect of different spore concentrations (1×104, 1×106 and 1×108 spores/ml) of F. subglutinans 12A, isolated from Aphis gossypii in Adana-Karataş (Turkey), was investigated on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) females and on 2nd instar nymphs (only 1×106 spores/ml). The application method was by dipping and observations on mortality of females were conducted 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 and 9 days after application. Mycosis was also observed on dead individulas. Mortality of nymphs was recorded during 8 days after application. Higher average dead females were found in the treatments compared to the control, but there was not significant difference between the tested concentrations (Mycosis rate recorded in 1×106 spores/ml was higher than those in 1×104 and 1×108 spores/ml). The highest and lowest mycosis rates were observed on the 7th and 3rd day, respectively. Average number of dead 2nd instar nymphs recorded in 1×106 spores/ml did not differ from control.
已知对蚜虫有致死作用的镰刀菌(子囊菌科:穗状菌科),而对其他节肢动物的相关研究有限。本研究研究了土耳其adana - karataku地区棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)中分离的F. subglutinans 12A不同孢子浓度(1×104、1×106和1×108孢子/ml)对西方富兰克林蝇(Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)雌性和2龄若虫(1×106孢子/ml)的影响。采用浸渍法施药,分别于施药后24、48、72、96 h和7、9 d对雌虫死亡率进行观察。在死亡个体上也观察到真菌病。在施用后8 d内记录若虫死亡率。与对照组相比,处理组的平均死亡率较高,但检测浓度之间无显著差异(1×106孢子/ml记录的霉菌率高于1×104和1×108孢子/ml记录的霉菌率)。第7天和第3天真菌病发病率最高和最低。在1×106孢子/ml中记录的2龄若虫平均死亡数与对照组无差异。
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引用次数: 6
First report of the nematodes Filenchus orientalis and Hemicriconemoides californianus on faba bean in Iran 伊朗蚕豆上的东方丝虫病和加利福尼亚半丝虫病的首次报道
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-04-12 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0005
S. Azimi, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam, H. Rouhani, H. Rajabi Memari
Summary During a survey in Iran, two known species of plant-parasitic nematodes of the families Tylenchidae and Criconematidae were reported for the first time. The morphological and morphometric characters of Iranian populations of the two recovered species are discussed and illustrated based on morphological and morphometrics data. Iranian population of Filenchus orientalis is characterized by having a 601-755μm body length, stylet length of 9.0-11.3 μm, lateral field with four incisures, tail length of 100-118 μm and males with 15-21 μm long spicules. Hemicriconemoides californianus population is characterized by having a body length of 430-550μm, lip region with two annuli, stylet length of 75-83μm and tail length of 20-28 μm. The morphological and morphometric characters of both species are in agreement with those in original descriptions.
在伊朗的一次调查中,首次报道了两种已知的植物寄生线虫,分别为织虫科和针叶虫科。根据形态和形态计量学数据,讨论和说明了两个恢复物种的伊朗种群的形态和形态计量学特征。伊朗种群体长601 ~ 755μm,花柱长9.0 ~ 11.3 μm,侧场有4个切孔,尾长100 ~ 118 μm,雄株有15 ~ 21 μm的针状体。加利福尼亚半缢蛏种群体长430 ~ 550μm,唇区有两个环,花柱长75 ~ 83μm,尾长20 ~ 28 μm。两种植物的形态特征和形态计量学特征与原始描述一致。
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引用次数: 2
Effectiveness of salicylic acid, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and Trichoderma viride to control Meloidogyne incognita race 2 on different tomato cultivars 水杨酸、荧光假单胞菌CHA0和绿色木霉对不同番茄品种黑穗病小种2的防治效果
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0004
L. Esfahani, S. Jamali, A. Saeedizadeh, H. Pedramfar
Summary The effects of salicylic acid (SA), Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 were studied on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars (Gina VF, Falat CH, Falat 111, Karoon) during 2012-2013. Four-leaf tomato seedlings were used, grown in pots containing 1000 g of sterilized soil; each seedling receiving 20 ml of T. viride suspension containing 1×106 spores, 30 ml of P. fluorescens CHA0 with 109 cfu/ml, 5mM of salicylic acid and 2000 second stage nematode juveniles. Parameters relevant to nematode population and plant growth were evaluated. The biocontrol agents and salicylic acid were effective in nematode control in combined and single treatments. High reductions in root galling and egg mass indices were observed with combination of SA and biocontrol agents. The greatest increase in plant growth was obtained when cv. Falat CH was treated with SA followed by P. fluorescens CHA0 and T. viride. The highest number of galls was recorded in cv. Karoon, followed by cvs. Falat 111, Gina VF and Falat CH. Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 provoked the highest increase in fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight and plant length in all free nematode treatments. The results indicated that chemical inducer (salicylic acid), in combination with biocontrol agents (T. viride and P. fluorescens CHA0), stimulated and eventually increased plant growth.
2012-2013年,研究了水杨酸(SA)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)和荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0)对耐感番茄品种(Gina VF、Falat CH、Falat 111、Karoon)根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita race 2)的影响。采用四叶番茄幼苗,在装有1000g无菌土壤的盆栽中生长;每株幼苗接种20毫升含1×106孢子的绿线虫悬浮液、30毫升含109 cfu/ml荧光假单胞菌CHA0、5毫米水杨酸和2000条第二阶段线虫幼虫。评估了线虫种群和植物生长的相关参数。生物防治剂与水杨酸联合或单独处理均能有效防治线虫。白藜芦醇与生物防治剂联合施用可显著降低根损指数和虫卵质量指数。植株生长的最大增长是当cv。用SA处理Falat CH,然后用荧光P. CHA0和T. viride处理。胃瘿数最多的是cv。Karoon,然后是cvs。在所有游离线虫处理中,Falat 111、Gina VF和Falat CH.荧光假单胞菌CHA0对鲜干根重、鲜干茎重和植株长度的影响最大。结果表明,化学诱导剂(水杨酸)与生物防治剂(T. viride和P. fluorescens CHA0)联用可刺激并最终促进植株生长。
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引用次数: 3
The role of silicon (Si) in increasing plant resistance against fungal diseases 硅(Si)在提高植物抗真菌病害能力中的作用
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0001
N. Sakr
Summary The use of silicon (Si) in agriculture has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers because of the numerous benefits of this element to plants. The use of silicon has decreased the intensity of several diseases in crops of great economic importance. In this study, the relationship between silicon nutrition and fungal disease development in plants was reviewed. The current review underlines the agricultural importance of silicon in crops, the potential for controlling fungal plant pathogens by silicon treatment, the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance, and the inhibitory effects of silicon on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. By combining the data presented in this paper, a better comprehension of the relationship between silicon treatments, increasing plant resistance, and decreasing severity of fungal diseases could be achieved.
硅(Si)在农业中的应用引起了研究人员的极大兴趣,因为这种元素对植物有许多好处。硅的使用降低了具有重要经济意义的作物中几种病害的发病率。本文就硅营养与植物真菌病害发生的关系进行了综述。本文综述了硅在作物中的农业重要性、硅处理控制真菌植物病原体的潜力、硅增强抗性的不同机制以及硅对植物致病真菌的体外抑制作用。结合本文所提供的数据,可以更好地理解硅处理与提高植物抗性和降低真菌病害严重程度之间的关系。
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引用次数: 49
Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 against Meloidogyne javanica in the rhizosphere of tomato plants 番茄根际间绿木霉和荧光假单胞菌对爪哇曲霉的拮抗作用
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0003
A. Saeedizadeh
Summary Root-knot nematodes are among the most important pests that reduce tomato yield in greenhouses and fields in Iran. The scope of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on the reproduction and galling rate of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato roots. A pot experiment was conducted on seedlings of tomato cultivars Bony best, Falat, Mobile and Walter grown in sterilized sandy loam soil. Inocula used for artificial inoculation were 3 J2/g of soil for the nematode, 1×106 spores/ml for the fungus and 1×109 cfu/ml for the bacterium. The nematicide RUGBY® 10 G (cadusafos) was used as a reference product at 2g per each pot. Two months after inoculation, the number of knots and egg masses per root in the treatments were (with descending order): control (nematode), nematode+bacterium, nematode+fungus, nematode+fungus+bacterium and nematode+nematicide. The combination fungus+bacterium enhanced the biocontrol effect against M. javanica activity as compared to the fungus and bacterium stand-alone treatments except for the cases of the cultivars Mobile and Bonny best in which the effect was similar to the one by the fungus alone. The fungus + bacterium combined treatment was equally effective to the nematicide treatment for all cultivars. The highest and lowest rate of nematode activity was observed in Walter and Mobile cultivars, respectively.
根结线虫是导致伊朗温室和田间番茄减产的最重要害虫之一。本研究旨在探讨绿色木霉和荧光假单胞菌对番茄根际土曲霉繁殖和侵染率的拮抗作用。采用盆栽试验方法,在无菌砂壤土上育成了“骨佳”、“法拉”、“莫比尔”和“瓦尔特”4个番茄品种。线虫人工接种接种量为3 J2/g土壤,真菌接种接种量为1×106孢子/ml,细菌接种接种量为1×109 cfu/ml。以杀线虫剂RUGBY®10g (cadusafos)为对照品,每罐2g。接种2个月后,各处理根结数和每根卵块数(由大到小)为对照(线虫)、线虫+细菌、线虫+真菌、线虫+真菌+细菌和线虫+杀线虫剂。除莫比尔和邦尼佳两种品种的防治效果与真菌单独处理的效果相近外,真菌+细菌联合处理的防治效果均优于真菌单独处理。真菌+细菌联合处理对所有品种的杀线虫剂处理效果相同。沃尔特和莫比尔品种的线虫活性最高,莫比尔品种的线虫活性最低。
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引用次数: 14
Swarming motility in plant-associated bacteria 植物相关细菌的群体运动
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2016-0002
A. Venieraki, P. Tsalgatidou, D. Georgakopoulos, M. Dimou, P. Katinakis
Summary Plant-associated environments harbor a huge number of diverse bacteria that compete and/or cooperate for the occupation of the most nutrient-rich ecological niches. Motility, a common trait among bacteria, has long been assumed to provide a survival advantage to skilful bacteria in invading these environments. Bacterial surface motility, such as swarming, a flagella-driven type of surface movement, although mostly observed and studied on agar substrates, is emerging as a major trait involved in many functions of plant-associated bacteria in regard to their ability to colonize and spread on their host. In this review, we address some novel swarming motility strategies, which enable bacteria to colonize, disperse and compete in plant surfaces.
与植物相关的环境孕育了大量不同的细菌,这些细菌相互竞争或合作,以占据最富营养的生态位。运动性是细菌的一种共同特征,长期以来,人们一直认为这为熟练的细菌在入侵这些环境时提供了生存优势。细菌的表面运动,如蜂群,一种鞭毛驱动的表面运动,虽然主要是在琼脂基质上观察和研究,但正在成为植物相关细菌在宿主上定殖和传播能力方面的许多功能的主要特征。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了一些新的群体运动策略,使细菌在植物表面定植、分散和竞争。
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引用次数: 15
Degradation profile and safety evaluation of methomyl residues in tomato and soil 灭多威在番茄和土壤中的降解特征及安全性评价
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0008
F. Malhat, H. Watanabe, A. Youssef
Summary A high performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode array detector (HPLCDAD) analytical method was developed to determine the residue levels and investigate the dissipation pattern and safety use of methomyl in tomato and soil. Methomyl residues were extracted from tomato and soil samples with ethyl acetate. The extract was cleaned up with the QuEChERS method. The results showed that the average recoveries were in the range of 87.1-94.5%, with RSD of 6.9-11.2%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels of methomyl were best described to first order rate kinetics and half-lives ranged from 1.34 to 1.8 days in tomato and soil, respectively. The theoretical maximum residue contributions for methomyl on tomato were found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values even on zero days, therefore consumer health risks are minimal at the recommended dose on tomato.
摘要建立了高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器(HPLCDAD)分析方法,用于测定灭多威在番茄和土壤中的残留水平,探讨灭多威在番茄和土壤中的耗散规律和安全使用。用乙酸乙酯提取番茄和土壤样品中的灭多威残留。使用QuEChERS方法对提取物进行清理。结果表明,加样回收率为87.1 ~ 94.5%,RSD为6.9 ~ 11.2%。检出限和定量限分别为0.005和0.007 mg/kg。灭多灵在番茄和土壤中的残留水平符合一级速率动力学,半衰期分别为1.34 ~ 1.8 d。研究发现,灭多威在番茄上的理论最大残留贡献值即使在零日内也小于最大允许摄入量,因此,在番茄上的推荐剂量下,消费者健康风险最小。
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引用次数: 14
First record of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Greece 希腊首次记录的透视姬蝇(Walker, 1859)(鳞翅目:蛾科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0010
I. Strachinis, C. Kazilas, F. Karamaouna, Nikos Papanikolaou, G. Partsinevelos, Panagiotis G. Milonas
Summary The study concerns the first records for the presence of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis in Greece and subsequent infestations on ornamental box trees in urban environment. Adults of the pest were first spotted in six locations around the country from October 2013 until April 2015, when infestation was also detected (mid April). The pest was found infesting plants of Buxus sempervirens in several private and public gardens and parks in the urban environment of Kifissia, Attica. Possible introduction scenarios, as well as preventive and control measures are discussed.
摘要研究了希腊最早记录到的箱形树蛾(Cydalima perspectalis)及其在城市环境中对观赏箱形树的侵染。从2013年10月到2015年4月(4月中旬),在全国六个地点首次发现了这种害虫的成虫。在阿提卡市Kifissia的城市环境中,在几个私人和公共花园和公园中发现了这种害虫。讨论了可能的引入情况,以及预防和控制措施。
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引用次数: 26
The scale insect Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on the Taygetus mountain in Greece 希腊泰盖图斯山的鳞蚧虫(半翅目:鳞蚧科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0009
G. Stathas
Summary In this study, the presence of the scale insect Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) has been recorded in fir trees, Abies cephalonica Loudon (Pinaceae), on the Taygetus mountain (Peloponnese, South Greece). The biology of the scale insect was observed during a twelve month period, from February 2013 to January 2014. It was determined that the insect completed one generation. It overwintered as a reproductive adult female. The first ovipositions and hatching of crawlers were observed in early May, 2nd instar nymphs appeared at the beginning of August, male nymphs were seen in September and finally the first adult females at the beginning of October.
本研究在希腊南部伯罗罗尼撒半岛的Taygetus山(Peloponnese, South Greece)的冷杉(Abies cephalonica Loudon,松科)中发现了鳞片昆虫dypidiotus abieticola (Koroneos)(半翅目:鳞片昆虫科)。2013年2月至2014年1月对蚧虫进行了为期12个月的生物学观察。经测定,这种昆虫只活了一代。它作为具有生殖能力的成年雌性越冬。5月初首次产卵和孵化,8月初出现2龄若虫,9月出现雄性若虫,10月初出现首批成年雌虫。
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引用次数: 1
Neonicotinoids and their Metabolites in Human Biomonitoring: A Review 新烟碱类及其代谢物在人体生物监测中的研究进展
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0006
K. Kasiotis, K. Machera
Summary Neonicotinoids (NNDs) constitute a major class of insecticides with a broad and versatile spectrum of applications in agriculture. Hence, their residues are found in several environmental compartments and can be transferred via several pathways to numerous organisms. Despite their profound impact on honeybees and wild bees (impairment of memory, impact on immune system), their presence in humans is far less reported, possibly due to the low to moderate toxicological effects that they elicit. The aim of the present review is to emphasize on developments in the biomonitoring of NNDs. It focuses mainly on chromatographic analysis of NNDs and their metabolites in human biological fluids, discussing key features, such as sample preparation and analytical method validation. Nonetheless, case reports regarding intoxication incidents are presented, highlighting the significance of such cases especially in the developing world.
新烟碱类杀虫剂(NNDs)是一类主要的杀虫剂,在农业中有着广泛而多样的应用。因此,它们的残留物存在于几个环境隔间中,并可以通过几种途径转移到许多生物体中。尽管它们对蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂有深远的影响(损害记忆,影响免疫系统),但它们在人类中的存在却少得多,可能是由于它们引起的毒性作用低至中等。本综述的目的是强调在非核废料生物监测方面的发展。它主要侧重于人体生物体液中NNDs及其代谢物的色谱分析,讨论了样品制备和分析方法验证等关键特征。尽管如此,关于中毒事件的病例报告被提出,强调了这类病例的重要性,特别是在发展中国家。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Hellenic Plant Protection Journal
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