S. Palavouzis, A. Triantafyllopoulou, A. Tzima, E. Paplomatas
Summary Fungi belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family are widespread pathogens of many angiosperms, causing disease on various high value crops. The most important members of the family for the Greek region and other Mediterranean countries are Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum hellenicum, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Neofusicoccum parvum. The frequently concurrent isolation of Botryosphaeriaceae species from the same host, as well as the extensive host range of B. dothidea, necessitate the development of rapid and reliable detection methods. This study presents a new and robust molecular diagnostic tool, in the form of a PCR method based on primers designed on an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) located in the ITS region (Internal Transcribed Region) of B. dothidea and Neofusicoccum species. SNP primers constructed with or without added mismatch nucleotides were combined with the same upstream universal primer to generate distinct amplicons. When evaluated in PCR assays, mismatched primers were found to have the highest differentiation capability. The potential for further development of SNP assays in order to differentiate between species is being evaluated.
{"title":"Differentiation between Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum spp. based on a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ITS region","authors":"S. Palavouzis, A. Triantafyllopoulou, A. Tzima, E. Paplomatas","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Fungi belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family are widespread pathogens of many angiosperms, causing disease on various high value crops. The most important members of the family for the Greek region and other Mediterranean countries are Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum hellenicum, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Neofusicoccum parvum. The frequently concurrent isolation of Botryosphaeriaceae species from the same host, as well as the extensive host range of B. dothidea, necessitate the development of rapid and reliable detection methods. This study presents a new and robust molecular diagnostic tool, in the form of a PCR method based on primers designed on an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) located in the ITS region (Internal Transcribed Region) of B. dothidea and Neofusicoccum species. SNP primers constructed with or without added mismatch nucleotides were combined with the same upstream universal primer to generate distinct amplicons. When evaluated in PCR assays, mismatched primers were found to have the highest differentiation capability. The potential for further development of SNP assays in order to differentiate between species is being evaluated.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The Nearctic weevil Sphenophorus placidus vestitus Chittenden, 1904, an alien pest which is known to infest turfgrasses is reported for the first time on the island of Cyprus. A single specimen was collected from Famagusta (Ammochostos), Protaras in 2012. The species distribution and possible economic impacts are shortly discussed. A checklist for the alien Dryophthorinae of Cyprus is presented.
{"title":"First record of Sphenophorus placidus vestitus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) in Cyprus","authors":"E. Kakouris, C. Makris, J. Demetriou","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Nearctic weevil Sphenophorus placidus vestitus Chittenden, 1904, an alien pest which is known to infest turfgrasses is reported for the first time on the island of Cyprus. A single specimen was collected from Famagusta (Ammochostos), Protaras in 2012. The species distribution and possible economic impacts are shortly discussed. A checklist for the alien Dryophthorinae of Cyprus is presented.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"72 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48856580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The Nearctic spider beetle Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) is recorded for the first time in Cyprus during entomological surveys on alien Eucalyptus spp. The biology of this alien species is still understudied. A short overview of the species distribution and ecology in the Mediterranean is presented, adding a new host plant for the beetle.
{"title":"First record of the Nearctic Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Anobiinae) in Cyprus","authors":"J. Demetriou, G. Kakiopoulos, A. Martinou","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Nearctic spider beetle Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) is recorded for the first time in Cyprus during entomological surveys on alien Eucalyptus spp. The biology of this alien species is still understudied. A short overview of the species distribution and ecology in the Mediterranean is presented, adding a new host plant for the beetle.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"76 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Biological parameters of phylloxera local strains as well as infestation were studied on Syrian grapevine varieties including Baladi, Salamone, Karawane, Hafarzale, Gharbe and the American resistance rootstock (ARR-B41) (Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri). Root artificial infestation method revealed significant differences in phylloxera population between the majority of tested varieties comparing to the ARR-B41 rootstock. Hafarzale and Karawane have shown the lowest population of grape phylloxera, with a similar level of resistance to rootstock ARR-B41. Furthermore, Salamone and Gharbe are more conducive to grape phylloxera reproduction. Field investigation has shown significant differences between the local varieties and ARR-B41 in terms of the average number of galls “nodosities”. Overall, Hafarzale and Karawane tended to form significantly fewer galls than the other varieties.
摘要对叙利亚葡萄品种Baladi、Salamone、Karawane、Hafarzale、Gharbe和美国抗性砧木ARR-B41 (Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri)根瘤蚜本地菌株的生物学参数和侵染情况进行了研究。根系人工侵染法显示，与ARR-B41砧木相比，大多数被试品种间根瘤蚜种群差异显著。Hafarzale和Karawane的葡萄根瘤蚜数量最少，对砧木ARR-B41的抗性水平相似。此外，Salamone和Gharbe更有利于葡萄根瘤蚜的繁殖。野外调查结果表明，本地品种与ARR-B41在平均结瘿数方面存在显著差异。总的来说，Hafarzale和Karawane比其他品种形成的瘿要少得多。
{"title":"Biological parameters of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, on local grapevine varieties in central Syria – Implications on their susceptibility","authors":"I. Idris, A. Asaad, K. Houssian, I. Kalefa","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Biological parameters of phylloxera local strains as well as infestation were studied on Syrian grapevine varieties including Baladi, Salamone, Karawane, Hafarzale, Gharbe and the American resistance rootstock (ARR-B41) (Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri). Root artificial infestation method revealed significant differences in phylloxera population between the majority of tested varieties comparing to the ARR-B41 rootstock. Hafarzale and Karawane have shown the lowest population of grape phylloxera, with a similar level of resistance to rootstock ARR-B41. Furthermore, Salamone and Gharbe are more conducive to grape phylloxera reproduction. Field investigation has shown significant differences between the local varieties and ARR-B41 in terms of the average number of galls “nodosities”. Overall, Hafarzale and Karawane tended to form significantly fewer galls than the other varieties.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"80 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46879544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Efficiency of various organic acids, organic salts, essential oils, algae (an extract of Chlorella vulgaris and a commercial product), and bioagents against Magnaporthiopsis maydis, causing maize late wilt disease, was evaluated in laboratory and field conditions. For the in vitro tests, isolated M. maydis field strains from Egypt were used. Additionally, in field experiments different application methods were tested for their efficacy throughout two successive growing seasons. Results showed maximum growth inhibition of M. maydis at different concentrations of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid and humic acid as well as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, di-potassim phosphate and calcium choloride, in descending order. The essential oils of carnation, lemongrass and black seed followed a similar trend. The minimum pathogenic fungal growth was achieved when the pathogen was exposed to the antagonistic Trichoderma viride followed by Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens treatments. Under field conditions, the highest disease reduction was recorded after treatment with salicylic acid (all application methods), humic acid (all application methods), sodium benzoate (seed dressing), carnation oil (seed dressing or seed dressing +foliar spray) and the bioagents B. subtilis and P. fluorescens (soil drench). Overall, all treatments and all application methods led to significant lower disease incidence compared to the untreated control in both growing seasons. Additionally, all treatments achieved an enhancement of plant morpho-genesis and yield characters. The most effective combinations of compounds/bioagents and application methods can be considered for future use in IPM management of late wilt disease of maize.
{"title":"Efficacy of fungicide alternatives against late wilt disease of maize and their influence on plant morphogenesis and yield characters","authors":"M. Abdel-Kader, M. Khalil, N. El-Mougy","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Efficiency of various organic acids, organic salts, essential oils, algae (an extract of Chlorella vulgaris and a commercial product), and bioagents against Magnaporthiopsis maydis, causing maize late wilt disease, was evaluated in laboratory and field conditions. For the in vitro tests, isolated M. maydis field strains from Egypt were used. Additionally, in field experiments different application methods were tested for their efficacy throughout two successive growing seasons. Results showed maximum growth inhibition of M. maydis at different concentrations of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid and humic acid as well as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, di-potassim phosphate and calcium choloride, in descending order. The essential oils of carnation, lemongrass and black seed followed a similar trend. The minimum pathogenic fungal growth was achieved when the pathogen was exposed to the antagonistic Trichoderma viride followed by Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens treatments. Under field conditions, the highest disease reduction was recorded after treatment with salicylic acid (all application methods), humic acid (all application methods), sodium benzoate (seed dressing), carnation oil (seed dressing or seed dressing +foliar spray) and the bioagents B. subtilis and P. fluorescens (soil drench). Overall, all treatments and all application methods led to significant lower disease incidence compared to the untreated control in both growing seasons. Additionally, all treatments achieved an enhancement of plant morpho-genesis and yield characters. The most effective combinations of compounds/bioagents and application methods can be considered for future use in IPM management of late wilt disease of maize.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"57 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Late blight of potato and tomato, one of the most widely reported diseases of plants, is a significant curb in global agriculture which poses severe problems in terms of yield and economic losses, and environmental pollution due to pesticides use. The disease is caused by Phytophthora infestans -an oomycete - which first drew the considerable attention of plant pathologists during the mid-1840s when the pathogen incited historic starvation in Ireland – the great Irish potato famine - as a consequence of substantial potato losses due to late blight disease. Since that period, late blight has triggered several epidemics of potato and tomato of profound intensity in different regions. Over the course, synthetic fungicides have been proved effective management practice for late blight control; nonetheless, the evolution of new genotypes with increased virulence to hosts and resistance to fungicides has been greatly regarded as an agricultural problem. Breakthroughs in genome sequencing of P. infestans and identification of resistance genes in some plants have opened ways for the development of resistant genotypes. However, there still exist numerous challenges to deal with this noxious pathogen. This review aims to highlight the historical significance of late blight disease, its chemical control strategies and associated challenges, and resistance breeding programs by employing genetic approaches.
{"title":"Late blight of potato: From the great Irish potato famine to the genomic era – An overview","authors":"A. Majeed, S. Siyar, S. Sami","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Late blight of potato and tomato, one of the most widely reported diseases of plants, is a significant curb in global agriculture which poses severe problems in terms of yield and economic losses, and environmental pollution due to pesticides use. The disease is caused by Phytophthora infestans -an oomycete - which first drew the considerable attention of plant pathologists during the mid-1840s when the pathogen incited historic starvation in Ireland – the great Irish potato famine - as a consequence of substantial potato losses due to late blight disease. Since that period, late blight has triggered several epidemics of potato and tomato of profound intensity in different regions. Over the course, synthetic fungicides have been proved effective management practice for late blight control; nonetheless, the evolution of new genotypes with increased virulence to hosts and resistance to fungicides has been greatly regarded as an agricultural problem. Breakthroughs in genome sequencing of P. infestans and identification of resistance genes in some plants have opened ways for the development of resistant genotypes. However, there still exist numerous challenges to deal with this noxious pathogen. This review aims to highlight the historical significance of late blight disease, its chemical control strategies and associated challenges, and resistance breeding programs by employing genetic approaches.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44145085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Malhat, C. Anagnostopoulos, S. El-Sayed, S. Shokr
Summary Spiroxamine is one of the most used fungicides in the Mediterranean region, in significant uses such as open field cucumber. Residue trials in the Northern part of Egypt were conducted to investigate the dissipation of spiroxamine (SPX) in cucumbers according to the authorized Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) (1 × 75 g a.i. ha−1 at BBCH 85 to 89) and more critical use patterns. SPX was extracted from cucumbers using a modified QuEChERS protocol and residues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method was successfully validated with an LOQ of 0.001 mg kg−1. A steep decline of SPX residues in cucumbers fit a first-order decay process with a calculated t1/2 of approximately 2 days and almost complete degradation (99%) after 14 days. Chronic and acute exposure calculations were performed for cucumbers treated with SPX according to all tested GAPs employing two different approaches. In all cases a health risk after consumption of cucumbers was not identified.
Spiraxamine是地中海地区使用最多的杀菌剂之一，具有重要用途，如露地黄瓜。根据授权的良好农业规范（GAP）（在BBCH 85至89时为1×75 g a.i.ha−1）和更关键的使用模式，在埃及北部进行了残留试验，以调查螺沙明（SPX）在黄瓜中的消散情况。使用改良的QuEChERS方案从黄瓜中提取SPX，并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC–MS/MS）分析残留物。该方法通过0.001 mg kg−1的LOQ成功验证。黄瓜中SPX残留量的急剧下降符合一级衰减过程，计算的t1/2约为2天，14天后几乎完全降解（99%）。根据采用两种不同方法测试的所有GAP，对用SPX处理的黄瓜进行慢性和急性暴露计算。在所有情况下，食用黄瓜后都没有发现健康风险。
{"title":"Dissipation of spiroxamine residues in open field cucumber and dietary risk assessment","authors":"F. Malhat, C. Anagnostopoulos, S. El-Sayed, S. Shokr","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Spiroxamine is one of the most used fungicides in the Mediterranean region, in significant uses such as open field cucumber. Residue trials in the Northern part of Egypt were conducted to investigate the dissipation of spiroxamine (SPX) in cucumbers according to the authorized Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) (1 × 75 g a.i. ha−1 at BBCH 85 to 89) and more critical use patterns. SPX was extracted from cucumbers using a modified QuEChERS protocol and residues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method was successfully validated with an LOQ of 0.001 mg kg−1. A steep decline of SPX residues in cucumbers fit a first-order decay process with a calculated t1/2 of approximately 2 days and almost complete degradation (99%) after 14 days. Chronic and acute exposure calculations were performed for cucumbers treated with SPX according to all tested GAPs employing two different approaches. In all cases a health risk after consumption of cucumbers was not identified.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"40 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolski is one of the main agricultural pests of southwestern Iran and some other tropical regions. In the present study, fumigant activity of three essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha longifolia L. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and contact toxicity of two biopesticides (Tondexir and Palizin) on T. turkestani mite females were investigated and compared with that of spiromesifen, a chemical acaricide. Also, sublethal effects of the tested compounds at 50% lethal concentration (LC50) were estimated on the biological parameters of T. turkestani. The LC50 values for E. globulus, R. officinalis and M. longifolia essential oils were 12.50, 11.52 and 4.00 μl/l air and for spiromesifen, Tondexir and Palizin were 10.98, 327.34 and 858.13 ppm, respectively. All tested compounds significantly reduced adult female longevity, equally to the chemical acaricide spiromesifen. Fecundity also decreased in all treatments and this reduction was even higher for plant essential oils than the other compounds. Palizin, E. globulus and M. longifolia significantly reduced the hatchability of T. turkestani eggs similarly to spiromesifen. According to the results, the tested plant compounds are effective against T. turkestani and may be applied as suitable alternatives to synthetic pesticides against this crop pest.
土耳其叶螨(Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolski)是伊朗西南部和一些热带地区的主要农业害虫之一。本文对迷迭香、长叶薄荷和蓝桉三种精油的熏蒸活性进行了研究。研究了两种生物农药(Tondexir和Palizin)对土耳其革螨雌螨的接触毒性，并与化学杀螨剂螺虫西芬进行了比较。在50%致死浓度(LC50)下，测定了所试化合物对土氏弓形虫生物学参数的亚致死效应。球茎、officinalis和长叶挥发油的LC50分别为12.50、11.52和4.00 μl/l空气，螺虫西芬、通德西和Palizin的LC50分别为10.98、327.34和858.13 ppm。所有被测试的化合物都显著降低了成年女性的寿命，与化学杀螨剂螺虫胺相同。在所有处理中，繁殖力也有所下降，植物精油的下降幅度甚至高于其他化合物。Palizin、E. globulus和M. longifolia与螺虫胺相似，显著降低了突厥斯坦弓形虫卵的孵化率。结果表明，所测植物化合物对土氏夜蛾有较好的防治效果，可作为合成农药的替代剂。
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of several plant compounds compared to spiromesifen against Tetranychus turkestani","authors":"F. Sohrabi, M. Ziaee","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolski is one of the main agricultural pests of southwestern Iran and some other tropical regions. In the present study, fumigant activity of three essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha longifolia L. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and contact toxicity of two biopesticides (Tondexir and Palizin) on T. turkestani mite females were investigated and compared with that of spiromesifen, a chemical acaricide. Also, sublethal effects of the tested compounds at 50% lethal concentration (LC50) were estimated on the biological parameters of T. turkestani. The LC50 values for E. globulus, R. officinalis and M. longifolia essential oils were 12.50, 11.52 and 4.00 μl/l air and for spiromesifen, Tondexir and Palizin were 10.98, 327.34 and 858.13 ppm, respectively. All tested compounds significantly reduced adult female longevity, equally to the chemical acaricide spiromesifen. Fecundity also decreased in all treatments and this reduction was even higher for plant essential oils than the other compounds. Palizin, E. globulus and M. longifolia significantly reduced the hatchability of T. turkestani eggs similarly to spiromesifen. According to the results, the tested plant compounds are effective against T. turkestani and may be applied as suitable alternatives to synthetic pesticides against this crop pest.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"89 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. David, J. B. Ylagan, H. Gonzales, J. Chan, J. Mondragon, M. Tavera, M. Redillas
Summary Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered by several biotic and abiotic factors, such as nutrient deficiency, environmental stress, and pathogenic attacks. For instance, plants suffering from limited or excessive nitrogen (N) supply may experience internal stress which can ultimately lower their stability and immunity making them susceptible to infection and infestation. In this study, VOCs from Capsicum annuum var. longum (Solanaceae) exposed to nitrogen (1.8 g/L, 4.5 g/L, and 9 g/L urea) were extracted using a 100 μm Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), extracted VOCs from N-treated plants were identified as Butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (E)-; Butanoic acid, hexyl ester; Hexanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)-; Hexanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester; cis-3-Hexenyl cis-3-hexenoate and 4-Pentenoic acid 2-methyl-, hexyl ester. Among these volatiles, butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester showed the most distinctive peak from the N-treated plants in comparison with the untreated. In addition, the Green Leaf Volatiles (GLV) 3-Hexenal; 2-Hexenal; 3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-; 2-Hexen-1-ol, (E) and 1-Hexanol were also detected from the N-treated plants. The identification of plant volatiles provides useful information that can be used in agricultural practices and plant phenotyping.
{"title":"Volatile organic compound profiling of Capsicum annuum var. longum grown under different concentrations of nitrogen","authors":"Y. David, J. B. Ylagan, H. Gonzales, J. Chan, J. Mondragon, M. Tavera, M. Redillas","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered by several biotic and abiotic factors, such as nutrient deficiency, environmental stress, and pathogenic attacks. For instance, plants suffering from limited or excessive nitrogen (N) supply may experience internal stress which can ultimately lower their stability and immunity making them susceptible to infection and infestation. In this study, VOCs from Capsicum annuum var. longum (Solanaceae) exposed to nitrogen (1.8 g/L, 4.5 g/L, and 9 g/L urea) were extracted using a 100 μm Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), extracted VOCs from N-treated plants were identified as Butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (E)-; Butanoic acid, hexyl ester; Hexanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)-; Hexanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester; cis-3-Hexenyl cis-3-hexenoate and 4-Pentenoic acid 2-methyl-, hexyl ester. Among these volatiles, butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester showed the most distinctive peak from the N-treated plants in comparison with the untreated. In addition, the Green Leaf Volatiles (GLV) 3-Hexenal; 2-Hexenal; 3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-; 2-Hexen-1-ol, (E) and 1-Hexanol were also detected from the N-treated plants. The identification of plant volatiles provides useful information that can be used in agricultural practices and plant phenotyping.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"77 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The effect of the household processing on the reduction rate of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and diazinon residues in contaminated oranges has been investigated and the processing factors were determined. The evaluation included validation parameters, matrix effect (ME %), reduction behavior and processing factors (PFs). Validation parameters were successfully applied; the three pesticides showed satisfactory recovery (70–120%) and precision (relative standard deviation - RSD<20%); they also exhibited no matrix effect. The most effective process in the pesticide residues reduction was juicing, followed by pulping while the washing process was less efficient in removing all pesticide residues; sonication showed a high reduction rate with both chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The processing factors (PFs) were generally less than one which indicates that all processes can reduce pesticide residues in oranges. The results could guide the safe and reasonable use of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and metalaxyl. These processes contribute substantially to reduce consumer exposure to pesticide residues in oranges.
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of household processing on the reduction rate of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and diazinon residues in orange fruit","authors":"E. El-Sayed, H. Hassan, A. El-Raouf, S. Salman","doi":"10.2478/hppj-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The effect of the household processing on the reduction rate of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and diazinon residues in contaminated oranges has been investigated and the processing factors were determined. The evaluation included validation parameters, matrix effect (ME %), reduction behavior and processing factors (PFs). Validation parameters were successfully applied; the three pesticides showed satisfactory recovery (70–120%) and precision (relative standard deviation - RSD<20%); they also exhibited no matrix effect. The most effective process in the pesticide residues reduction was juicing, followed by pulping while the washing process was less efficient in removing all pesticide residues; sonication showed a high reduction rate with both chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The processing factors (PFs) were generally less than one which indicates that all processes can reduce pesticide residues in oranges. The results could guide the safe and reasonable use of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and metalaxyl. These processes contribute substantially to reduce consumer exposure to pesticide residues in oranges.","PeriodicalId":39459,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic Plant Protection Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"65 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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