Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102751
Kunkun Wei , Yutao Ren , Yilin Zhao , Fangwei Liu , Xutao Chen , Yue Wang , Shihui Zou , Chengyuan Liu , Yang Pan , Jianguo Huang , Wentao Yuan , Zhongkang Han , Yong Wang , Jie Fan
Supported nanocatalysts often undergo sintering at elevated temperatures, whereas the dispersion of large particles into small particles is uncommon. Here, we discover that Na2WO4 evolves from large bulk particles to evenly distributed high-concentration nanoclusters on the ZrO2 surface but remains as large particles on the TiO2 surface at high temperatures. This substrate-dependent structural evolution is visualized by in-situ transmission electron microscopy and rationalized by the differing interactions between Na2WO4 and the substrates. The great potential of this substrate-dependent structural evolution in developing advanced Na2WO4 cluster catalysts is demonstrated using methyl chloride-to-vinyl chloride as a probe reaction. Benefiting from the presence of high-concentration Na2WO4 nanoclusters that effectively couple ·CH2Cl radicals, Na2WO4/ZrO2 exhibits a C2H3Cl selectivity of 31.9 % and a yield of 20.0 % at 700 °C, which is much higher than those of Na2WO4/TiO2.
{"title":"Visualizing the substrate-dependent structural evolution of Na2WO4 via in-situ transmission electron microscopy","authors":"Kunkun Wei , Yutao Ren , Yilin Zhao , Fangwei Liu , Xutao Chen , Yue Wang , Shihui Zou , Chengyuan Liu , Yang Pan , Jianguo Huang , Wentao Yuan , Zhongkang Han , Yong Wang , Jie Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supported nanocatalysts often undergo sintering at elevated temperatures, whereas the dispersion of large particles into small particles is uncommon. Here, we discover that Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> evolves from large bulk particles to evenly distributed high-concentration nanoclusters on the ZrO<sub>2</sub> surface but remains as large particles on the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface at high temperatures. This substrate-dependent structural evolution is visualized by in-situ transmission electron microscopy and rationalized by the differing interactions between Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> and the substrates. The great potential of this substrate-dependent structural evolution in developing advanced Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> cluster catalysts is demonstrated using methyl chloride-to-vinyl chloride as a probe reaction. Benefiting from the presence of high-concentration Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> nanoclusters that effectively couple ·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl radicals, Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> exhibits a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl selectivity of 31.9 % and a yield of 20.0 % at 700 °C, which is much higher than those of Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102751"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102749
Shuai Guo , Tianwang Guan , Rundong Tai , Long Ma , Yushen Ke , Jujian Ye , Huiwan Chen , Yuxuan Pan , Xiaodong Ning , Xueqin Shi , Zhilin Deng , Yafang Xiao , Shaohui Deng , Peier Chen , Zhenhua Li , Xiaozhong Qiu , Kelong Fan , Zheyu Shen , Caiwen Ou
The activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer by enhancing immune responses and reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, can synergize with STING activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage. However, its efficacy is hindered by poor vascularization, inefficient delivery of STING agonists, and tumor resistance mechanisms that suppress ROS levels. To overcome these limitations, we developed a "nuclei bombing" nano-system using extremely small cuprous oxide modified magneto-human heavy chain ferritin (ES-CO@M-HFn). This system targets pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and releases Cu+ and Fe3+ ions in response to the acidic (pH 6.8) and glutathione (GSH)-rich TME. These ions form a Cu-Fe catalytic cycle under high H₂O₂ levels, continuously generating Fe2+, Cu+, and robust ROS, thereby inducing ferroptosis and cuproptosis. This creates a synergistic feedback loop that amplifies oxidative damage, leading to extensive DNA damage and tumor cell destruction—termed the "nuclei bombing" effect. The resulting DNA fragments activate the STING pathway, reprogramming the TME by maturing dendritic cells, repolarizing macrophages, and activating CD8+ T cells. This comprehensive approach generates a potent immune response, significantly suppressing tumor growth and metastasis, and offers a transformative strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
{"title":"A nuclei bombing nano-system improves STING-activated cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Shuai Guo , Tianwang Guan , Rundong Tai , Long Ma , Yushen Ke , Jujian Ye , Huiwan Chen , Yuxuan Pan , Xiaodong Ning , Xueqin Shi , Zhilin Deng , Yafang Xiao , Shaohui Deng , Peier Chen , Zhenhua Li , Xiaozhong Qiu , Kelong Fan , Zheyu Shen , Caiwen Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer by enhancing immune responses and reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, can synergize with STING activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage. However, its efficacy is hindered by poor vascularization, inefficient delivery of STING agonists, and tumor resistance mechanisms that suppress ROS levels. To overcome these limitations, we developed a \"nuclei bombing\" nano-system using extremely small cuprous oxide modified magneto-human heavy chain ferritin (ES-CO@M-HFn). This system targets pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and releases Cu<sup>+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in response to the acidic (pH 6.8) and glutathione (GSH)-rich TME. These ions form a Cu-Fe catalytic cycle under high H₂O₂ levels, continuously generating Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>+</sup>, and robust ROS, thereby inducing ferroptosis and cuproptosis. This creates a synergistic feedback loop that amplifies oxidative damage, leading to extensive DNA damage and tumor cell destruction—termed the \"nuclei bombing\" effect. The resulting DNA fragments activate the STING pathway, reprogramming the TME by maturing dendritic cells, repolarizing macrophages, and activating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. This comprehensive approach generates a potent immune response, significantly suppressing tumor growth and metastasis, and offers a transformative strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102749"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102744
Wencong Zhao , Wendi Huo , Haoran Dang , Zhongying Du , Qing Yuan , Kai Cao , Xueyun Gao
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions are a common mutation that can lead to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we designed and synthesized Au clusters coated with EGFR-target peptides to treat EGFR exon 19 deletions mutated NSCLC. Two sequences of peptides (namely P1 and P2 peptide) were designed for synthesis two Au clusters (namely P1-Au and P2-Au), respectively. These two clusters specifically target the extracellular region of EGFR and enter cancer cells through endocytosis. ICP-MS measurements, enzyme activity experiments and cytotoxicity studies in H1650 cells (exon 19 deletions of EGFR) demonstrated that P1-Au clusters have stronger targeting ability towards EGFR, well inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and outcome a better anti-tumor effect than that of P2-Au clusters. Further experiments revealed that the P1-Au clusters enter H1650 cells through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, escape from lysosomes to the cytoplasm, and inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR exon 19 deletions and its downstream protein to induce cancer cell apoptosis. P1-Au clusters significantly inhibited the tumor growth in an H1650 xenograft model via suppress EGFR exon 19 deletions mutant activation.
{"title":"The peptide-Au clusters inhibit EGFR exon 19 deletion mutant non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Wencong Zhao , Wendi Huo , Haoran Dang , Zhongying Du , Qing Yuan , Kai Cao , Xueyun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions are a common mutation that can lead to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we designed and synthesized Au clusters coated with EGFR-target peptides to treat EGFR exon 19 deletions mutated NSCLC. Two sequences of peptides (namely P1 and P2 peptide) were designed for synthesis two Au clusters (namely P1-Au and P2-Au), respectively. These two clusters specifically target the extracellular region of EGFR and enter cancer cells through endocytosis. ICP-MS measurements, enzyme activity experiments and cytotoxicity studies in H1650 cells (exon 19 deletions of EGFR) demonstrated that P1-Au clusters have stronger targeting ability towards EGFR, well inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and outcome a better anti-tumor effect than that of P2-Au clusters. Further experiments revealed that the P1-Au clusters enter H1650 cells through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, escape from lysosomes to the cytoplasm, and inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR exon 19 deletions and its downstream protein to induce cancer cell apoptosis. P1-Au clusters significantly inhibited the tumor growth in an H1650 xenograft model via suppress EGFR exon 19 deletions mutant activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102746
Bingqing Yao , Chaokai Xu , Yaxin Tang , Yankun Du , Shengdong Tan , Sheng Dai , Guangfu Luo , Qian He
Bimetallic nanoalloys have gained extensive attention due to their tunable properties and wide range of catalytic applications. However, achieving good compositional control in nanoalloy catalysts remains a formidable challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that heat treatment can be used to tune the composition of Pt-Zn nanoalloy catalysts, leveraging the volatile nature of zinc to enhance their performance in propane dehydrogenation. Through identical location scanning transmission electron microscopy (IL-STEM) using an in situ gas cell, as well as other complementary techniques, we observed that the zinc content of the Pt-Zn nanoalloy particles can be tuned via heat treatment under hydrogen. The extent of change appeared to be influenced by experimental details such as the original composition of the particles, as well as heat treatment conditions such as temperature and flow rate. Our experimental results, supported by theoretical calculations, suggest that Zn volatilization can be controlled when the alloys reach certain compositions such as the intermetallic phase. This approach offers a new strategy for developing better Pt-Zn catalysts.
{"title":"Harnessing Zn-volatility for compositional tuning in PtZn nanoalloy catalysts","authors":"Bingqing Yao , Chaokai Xu , Yaxin Tang , Yankun Du , Shengdong Tan , Sheng Dai , Guangfu Luo , Qian He","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bimetallic nanoalloys have gained extensive attention due to their tunable properties and wide range of catalytic applications. However, achieving good compositional control in nanoalloy catalysts remains a formidable challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that heat treatment can be used to tune the composition of Pt-Zn nanoalloy catalysts, leveraging the volatile nature of zinc to enhance their performance in propane dehydrogenation. Through identical location scanning transmission electron microscopy (IL-STEM) using an <em>in situ</em> gas cell, as well as other complementary techniques, we observed that the zinc content of the Pt-Zn nanoalloy particles can be tuned <em>via</em> heat treatment under hydrogen. The extent of change appeared to be influenced by experimental details such as the original composition of the particles, as well as heat treatment conditions such as temperature and flow rate. Our experimental results, supported by theoretical calculations, suggest that Zn volatilization can be controlled when the alloys reach certain compositions such as the intermetallic phase. This approach offers a new strategy for developing better Pt-Zn catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102746"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102750
Di Zhao , Aifang Zhou , Tengfei Zhang , Chen Han , Hong-Min Meng , Yuehe Lin , Zhaohui Li
Precise real-time imaging of tumor boundary is critical for effectively and thoroughly eliminating tumor residuals during surgery to prevent recurrence. Organic afterglow luminescent probes, well known for their high signal-to-background ratio (SBR), are particularly promising for imaging in vivo. However, current afterglow imaging systems still face limitations in surgical navigation: "always-on" probes offer poor contrast between the tumor area and surrounding normal tissues, and lack the enduring imaging capability needed for complete tumor excision. In this work, we developed a novel tumor microenvironment-activated afterglow nanoprobe, denoted as FMCR, by integrating the semiconducting polymer 2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEHPPV) with CuRu nanozyme for enhanced intravital afterglow imaging. The CuRu nanozyme component of FMCR exhibits robust catalase-like activity, continuously catalyzing the conversion of overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) present in the tumor microenvironment to oxygen (O2), which increased the aerobic afterglow signal distinctly. More importantly, this CuRu nanozyme could sustainably and stably produce O2 by catalyzing endogenous H2O2 over the long term, greatly prolonging the decay time of afterglow imaging. In vivo experiments revealed that FMCR facilitated the imaging of subcutaneously xenografted 4T1 tumors in living mice, with a remarkable SBR of 20.18. Furthermore, guided by afterglow imaging of FMCR, surgery was performed to effectively remove intraperitoneal tumor nodules, including those as smaller as 2–4.5 mm in diameter, which demonstrated the immense potential of FMCR for precise surgical navigation.
{"title":"Building high-contrast afterglow nanoprobe using semiconducting polymer nanoparticles and CuRu nanozyme for prolonged surgical navigation","authors":"Di Zhao , Aifang Zhou , Tengfei Zhang , Chen Han , Hong-Min Meng , Yuehe Lin , Zhaohui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise real-time imaging of tumor boundary is critical for effectively and thoroughly eliminating tumor residuals during surgery to prevent recurrence. Organic afterglow luminescent probes, well known for their high signal-to-background ratio (SBR), are particularly promising for imaging <em>in vivo</em>. However, current afterglow imaging systems still face limitations in surgical navigation: \"always-on\" probes offer poor contrast between the tumor area and surrounding normal tissues, and lack the enduring imaging capability needed for complete tumor excision. In this work, we developed a novel tumor microenvironment-activated afterglow nanoprobe, denoted as FMCR, by integrating the semiconducting polymer 2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEHPPV) with CuRu nanozyme for enhanced intravital afterglow imaging. The CuRu nanozyme component of FMCR exhibits robust catalase-like activity, continuously catalyzing the conversion of overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) present in the tumor microenvironment to oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), which increased the aerobic afterglow signal distinctly. More importantly, this CuRu nanozyme could sustainably and stably produce O<sub>2</sub> by catalyzing endogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> over the long term, greatly prolonging the decay time of afterglow imaging. <em>In vivo</em> experiments revealed that FMCR facilitated the imaging of subcutaneously xenografted 4T1 tumors in living mice, with a remarkable SBR of 20.18. Furthermore, guided by afterglow imaging of FMCR, surgery was performed to effectively remove intraperitoneal tumor nodules, including those as smaller as 2–4.5 mm in diameter, which demonstrated the immense potential of FMCR for precise surgical navigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102750"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corneal endothelium plays an essential role in the maintenance of a healthy vision. However, in contrast to epithelial cells with high proliferation rates and a turnover lifespan of six to seven days that allows maintenance of constant cell density and high control of cell adhesion, human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) do not normally proliferate. Therefore, loss of HCECs density over time leads to corneal transparency loss, and the development of corneal edema, bullous keratopathy and other eye diseases. Developments for repairing HCECs are continuously searched for and are evolving around possible topical drug applications as well as emerging strategies such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and nanotechnological concepts. Here, the state-of-the-art treatment strategies for corneal endothelial diseases (e.g. Fuch's endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), corneal edema, bullous keratopathy) will be outlined with a special focus on where topical applications have shown positive therapeutic outcomes.
{"title":"Corneal endothelial dysfunction treatments: Recent advances in non-invasive treatment strategies","authors":"Nataliia Gnyliukh , Rabah Boukherroub , Sabine Szunerits","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corneal endothelium plays an essential role in the maintenance of a healthy vision. However, in contrast to epithelial cells with high proliferation rates and a turnover lifespan of six to seven days that allows maintenance of constant cell density and high control of cell adhesion, human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) do not normally proliferate. Therefore, loss of HCECs density over time leads to corneal transparency loss, and the development of corneal edema, bullous keratopathy and other eye diseases. Developments for repairing HCECs are continuously searched for and are evolving around possible topical drug applications as well as emerging strategies such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and nanotechnological concepts. Here, the state-of-the-art treatment strategies for corneal endothelial diseases (e.g. Fuch's endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), corneal edema, bullous keratopathy) will be outlined with a special focus on where topical applications have shown positive therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102737
Suleixin Yang , Ruie Chen , Peng Hua , Yi Wu , Meiwan Chen
Photothermal therapy (PTT) demands efficient cancer ablation at relative low temperatures and minimal thermal damage to normal tissues, but suffers from both the protective autophagy-related thermal resistance in cancer cell and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage to normal cells. Here, we screened out curcumin-Fe ultrasmall nanoparticles (Cur-Fe) that manifested efficient photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 43.38 %) and ROS scavenging ability. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids (pCas-ATG5/ATG7) were also constructed to safely and precisely knockdown the protective autophagy for thermal resistance alleviation. The core Cur-Fe/ATG@TKPF (CFA@T), which was composed of anionic Cur-Fe and pCas-ATGs, was encapsulated by cationic thioketal-crosslinked and fluorinated polyethyleneimine (TKPF) via electrostatic interaction. Further, CFA@TC was formed by CFA@T coated with an acidic pH-responsive shell OHC-PEG-CHO via Schiff base. Attributed to its dual responsiveness to pH and ROS, CFA@TC exhibited efficient tumor targeting and uptake following intravenous injection. Upon irradiation with a 652 nm laser, CFA@TC demonstrated enhanced efficacy in eradicating cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy, while concurrently mitigating inflammatory responses through intracellular ROS scavenging in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept that CRISPR can be effective for autophagy inhibition, and its integration with ROS-induced inflammatory responses relief can further improve PTT.
{"title":"Integrating autophagy inhibition and ROS clearance in biohybrid nanoparticles for low-temperature cancer photothermal therapy","authors":"Suleixin Yang , Ruie Chen , Peng Hua , Yi Wu , Meiwan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal therapy (PTT) demands efficient cancer ablation at relative low temperatures and minimal thermal damage to normal tissues, but suffers from both the protective autophagy-related thermal resistance in cancer cell and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage to normal cells. Here, we screened out curcumin-Fe ultrasmall nanoparticles (Cur-Fe) that manifested efficient photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 43.38 %) and ROS scavenging ability. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids (pCas-ATG5/ATG7) were also constructed to safely and precisely knockdown the protective autophagy for thermal resistance alleviation. The core Cur-Fe/ATG@<sup>TK</sup>PF (CFA@T), which was composed of anionic <u>C</u>ur-<u>F</u>e and pCas-<u>A</u>TGs, was encapsulated by cationic thioketal-crosslinked and fluorinated polyethyleneimine (<sup><u>T</u>K</sup>PF) via electrostatic interaction. Further, CFA@TC was formed by CFA@T coated with an acidic pH-responsive shell OH<u>C</u>-PEG-CHO via Schiff base. Attributed to its dual responsiveness to pH and ROS, CFA@TC exhibited efficient tumor targeting and uptake following intravenous injection. Upon irradiation with a 652 nm laser, CFA@TC demonstrated enhanced efficacy in eradicating cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy, while concurrently mitigating inflammatory responses through intracellular ROS scavenging <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept that CRISPR can be effective for autophagy inhibition, and its integration with ROS-induced inflammatory responses relief can further improve PTT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102731
Xiaoxue Xie , Jing Liu , Zhengjie Liu , Huiye Wei , Minzhao Lin , Gengjia Chen , Zhibo Liu , Mengyi He , Xinshuo Huang , Shuang Huang , Yunuo Wang , Ji Wang , Huijiuan Chen , Qi Chen , Xi Xie , Xintao Shuai
Currently, various strategies are employed to utilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifiers in tumor therapy; Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) presents a promising modality for ROS amplification, as it can continuously produce substantial quantities of ROS independent of endogenous sources, thereby demonstrating potential antitumor activity. Nonetheless, achieving prolonged tumor suppression with EDT remains a significant challenge. Conventional EDT approaches frequently encounter issues with inadequate overlap between the active electric field region and the drug distribution area, resulting in insufficient electrocatalytic action and uneven ROS distribution. Furthermore, individual physiological variability can lead to disparate therapeutic outcomes from identical drug dosages, and indiscriminate increases in ROS dosage may inadvertently exacerbate tumor invasion and metastasis. To address these challenges, we developed a microneedle (MN) array system that combines ROS sensing and enables precise EDT therapy. The integrated system offers multifunctional capabilities, including drug delivery, electrical stimulation, and real-time ROS sensing. Benefiting from the homogeneously distributed electric field provided by the MN array, we significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic performance of electrodynamic nanomedicines. The integrated system produces cell-toxic ROS at 2.4 times the rate of traditional methods and induces tumor cell apoptosis 2.6 times more effectively. Real-time ROS monitoring via sensing electrodes allows precise drug dosage adjustments, ensuring effective ROS amplification therapy while minimizing waste. Adding DON further boosts ROS accumulation and strengthens anti-tumor immunity. The miniaturized dual-power supply strategy, combining a constant current source with ROS signal collection, enhances clinical suitability, optimizing both therapeutic efficacy and precision in tumor treatment.
{"title":"Real-time ROS monitoring-guided tumor electrodynamic therapy using a metal microneedle array system","authors":"Xiaoxue Xie , Jing Liu , Zhengjie Liu , Huiye Wei , Minzhao Lin , Gengjia Chen , Zhibo Liu , Mengyi He , Xinshuo Huang , Shuang Huang , Yunuo Wang , Ji Wang , Huijiuan Chen , Qi Chen , Xi Xie , Xintao Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, various strategies are employed to utilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifiers in tumor therapy; Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) presents a promising modality for ROS amplification, as it can continuously produce substantial quantities of ROS independent of endogenous sources, thereby demonstrating potential antitumor activity. Nonetheless, achieving prolonged tumor suppression with EDT remains a significant challenge. Conventional EDT approaches frequently encounter issues with inadequate overlap between the active electric field region and the drug distribution area, resulting in insufficient electrocatalytic action and uneven ROS distribution. Furthermore, individual physiological variability can lead to disparate therapeutic outcomes from identical drug dosages, and indiscriminate increases in ROS dosage may inadvertently exacerbate tumor invasion and metastasis. To address these challenges, we developed a microneedle (MN) array system that combines ROS sensing and enables precise EDT therapy. The integrated system offers multifunctional capabilities, including drug delivery, electrical stimulation, and real-time ROS sensing. Benefiting from the homogeneously distributed electric field provided by the MN array, we significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic performance of electrodynamic nanomedicines. The integrated system produces cell-toxic ROS at 2.4 times the rate of traditional methods and induces tumor cell apoptosis 2.6 times more effectively. Real-time ROS monitoring via sensing electrodes allows precise drug dosage adjustments, ensuring effective ROS amplification therapy while minimizing waste. Adding DON further boosts ROS accumulation and strengthens anti-tumor immunity. The miniaturized dual-power supply strategy, combining a constant current source with ROS signal collection, enhances clinical suitability, optimizing both therapeutic efficacy and precision in tumor treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102731"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102728
Jianlin Ge , Hu Chen , Yao Zhang , Longyi Zheng , Yanyu Miao , Jinyang Wang , Wenhui Wu , Yulun Chen , Xiaoyu An , Xuqi Peng , Minglei Teng , Hui Liu , Jianzhong Zhang , Chao Liu , Ping Xu , Gang Liu
The limited shared antigens identified in cancers are insufficient as targets for universal immunotherapy, and the impaired major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression, limited antigen exposure, and deficiency of immunogenicity lead to tumors evading immune surveillance. Here, we proposed a facile and effective BCG emulsion immunotherapy strategy that expands antigen exposure, increasing immune recognition, and boosting cancer immunotherapy. BCG emulsion, exhibiting efficient internalization in a non-fibronectin-dependent manner, reduced tumor growth, reprogrammed tumor microenvironment, and enhanced signaling pathways related to antigen processing and presentation. BCG emulsion can reverse the MHC-I downregulation, and peptide fragments from BCG-derived molecules are presented on the tumor cell surface by MHC-I. CD8+ T cells recognize and are activated against these presented BCG epitopes identified by immunopeptideome. The BCG dominant epitope emulsion induced significant infiltration of CD8+T cells and dendritic cells in tumors. Overall, this study demonstrated for the first time the potential of BCG and BCG epitope administration in anti-cancer applications and provided new technological methods and ideas for cancer immunotherapy.
{"title":"BCG emulsified in lipiodol expands tumor epitope profile to boost cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Jianlin Ge , Hu Chen , Yao Zhang , Longyi Zheng , Yanyu Miao , Jinyang Wang , Wenhui Wu , Yulun Chen , Xiaoyu An , Xuqi Peng , Minglei Teng , Hui Liu , Jianzhong Zhang , Chao Liu , Ping Xu , Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited shared antigens identified in cancers are insufficient as targets for universal immunotherapy, and the impaired major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression, limited antigen exposure, and deficiency of immunogenicity lead to tumors evading immune surveillance. Here, we proposed a facile and effective BCG emulsion immunotherapy strategy that expands antigen exposure, increasing immune recognition, and boosting cancer immunotherapy. BCG emulsion, exhibiting efficient internalization in a non-fibronectin-dependent manner, reduced tumor growth, reprogrammed tumor microenvironment, and enhanced signaling pathways related to antigen processing and presentation. BCG emulsion can reverse the MHC-I downregulation, and peptide fragments from BCG-derived molecules are presented on the tumor cell surface by MHC-I. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells recognize and are activated against these presented BCG epitopes identified by immunopeptideome. The BCG dominant epitope emulsion induced significant infiltration of CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells and dendritic cells in tumors. Overall, this study demonstrated for the first time the potential of BCG and BCG epitope administration in anti-cancer applications and provided new technological methods and ideas for cancer immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102728"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102745
Ali Akbar Ashkarran
Protein/biomolecular corona (PC) is a layer of biomolecules (mainly proteins) that forms around the nanoparticles (NPs) after exposure to biological environments (e.g., blood). The dynamic nature of the PC formation allows enrichment of specific proteins particularly low abundance proteins and enables capturing disease-specific proteins on the surface of the NPs for biomarker discovery. However, identification of crucial proteins with high diagnostic values heavily depends on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach due to its sensitivity and specificity. Despite the widespread use of MS, there exist potential pitfalls in NPs’ PC analysis that may lead to misconduct in biomarker discovery studies. This opinion considers these pitfalls, providing insights into the challenges and strategies to mitigate misconduct in biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry techniques.
{"title":"Decentralized nanoparticle protein corona analysis may misconduct biomarker discovery","authors":"Ali Akbar Ashkarran","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein/biomolecular corona (PC) is a layer of biomolecules (mainly proteins) that forms around the nanoparticles (NPs) after exposure to biological environments (e.g., blood). The dynamic nature of the PC formation allows enrichment of specific proteins particularly low abundance proteins and enables capturing disease-specific proteins on the surface of the NPs for biomarker discovery. However, identification of crucial proteins with high diagnostic values heavily depends on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach due to its sensitivity and specificity. Despite the widespread use of MS, there exist potential pitfalls in NPs’ PC analysis that may lead to misconduct in biomarker discovery studies. This opinion considers these pitfalls, providing insights into the challenges and strategies to mitigate misconduct in biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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