Nano Today最新文献_第3页

Bone-inspired MXene nano aerogels toward self-electricity generation and capacitive energy storage 骨骼启发的 MXene 纳米气凝胶实现自发电和电容储能

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102538

Yuan Yu , Menggang Li , Miao Sun , Zhaolin Yang , Yifan Liu , Senwei Hu , Jiazuo Zhou , Yudong Li , Haiyue Yang , Chengyu Wang

The exceptional potential of MXene aerogels for practical applications is impeded by the energy-intensive processing and insufficient mechanical stability. Inspired by natural bones, herein, we report the MXene@regenerated nanocellulose aerogel (MRCA) with strong mechanical performance via dual aerogel fabrication to achieve high-performance energy generation and storage. The MRCA achieves a gravimetric capacitance of 1271.16 F g⁻¹ at 2 mA cm⁻², and the energy density of the eco-friendly symmetrical MRCA-based solid-state supercapacitor reaches 0.11 mWh cm⁻², positioning it as a top contender among most state-of-the-art MXene-based electrodes. Additionally, the MRCA exhibits a robust specific tensile strength of 68.35 MPa cm³ g⁻¹, resembling bone-like resilience. Therefore, MRCA can swiftly generate an open-circuit voltage of 181.24 V. The instant high voltage of MRCA transforms into diverse signals, driving MRCA-SC to release energy for electric devices in practical scenarios, paving the way for future sustainable power systems.

MXene气凝胶在实际应用中的巨大潜力因其高能耗的加工过程和不足的机械稳定性而受到阻碍。受天然骨骼的启发，我们在本文中报告了通过双气凝胶制造实现高性能能量生成和存储的具有强大机械性能的 MXene@ 再生纳米纤维素气凝胶（MRCA）。在 2 mA cm-2 的条件下，MRCA 的重力电容达到 1271.16 F g-1，基于 MRCA 的环保型对称固态超级电容器的能量密度达到 0.11 mWh cm-2，在大多数基于 MXene 的先进电极中处于领先地位。此外，MRCA 还具有 68.35 MPa cm3 g-1 的强大抗拉强度，类似于骨骼的韧性。因此，MRCA 可以迅速产生 181.24 V 的开路电压。MRCA 的瞬间高电压可转化为各种信号，推动 MRCA-SC 在实际应用场景中为电力设备释放能量，为未来的可持续电力系统铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting ferroptosis with polymerized platinum (IV) prodrugs nanoparticles with everolimus for enhancing therapeutic efficacy on cholangiocarcinoma 利用聚合铂（IV）原药纳米颗粒和依维莫司靶向铁蛋白沉积，提高对胆管癌的疗效

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102531

Yang Chen , Jia Huang , Hanchen Zhang , Fuzhen Hu , Zheng Cao , Zhiying Yang , Haiqin Song , Rong Liu

Strategies to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells have been widely adopted for the treatment of cancer. Traditional single-target ferroptosis inducers, however, have shown limited efficacy. Tumor cells often counteract these drugs through mechanisms by high levels of glutathione (GSH) detoxification of lipid peroxidases. To address these challenges, we have developed a GSH-responsive amphiphilic polymer with polymerized platinum(IV) prodrugs (Poly-CisPt (IV)), capable of encapsulating everolimus (a mTORC1 inhibitor) into nanoparticles (NP@Ev). This strategy facilitates the concurrent depletion of GSH and the release of cisplatin and everolimus. On the one hand, the released cisplatin simultaneously induces cell apoptosis and impairs the GPX4 enzyme. On the other hand, everolimus disrupts the mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis. Our study indicated that NP@Ev effectively induced ferroptosis and significantly inhibited the progression of human cholangiocarcinoma in murine models, with limited toxicity. These findings underscore the potential of NP@Ev as a promising avenue for the clinical multimodal treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

在肿瘤细胞中诱导铁变态反应的策略已被广泛用于治疗癌症。然而，传统的单靶点铁氧化诱导剂的疗效有限。肿瘤细胞往往通过高水平谷胱甘肽（GSH）解毒脂质过氧化物酶的机制来对抗这些药物。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发了一种具有 GSH 响应性的两亲聚合物，其中含有聚合铂（IV）原药（Poly-CisPt (IV)），能够将依维莫司（一种 mTORC1 抑制剂）封装到纳米颗粒（NP@Ev）中。这种策略有助于同时消耗 GSH 以及释放顺铂和依维莫司。一方面，释放出的顺铂可同时诱导细胞凋亡并损害 GPX4 酶。另一方面，依维莫司会破坏 mTOR 信号通路，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，诱导活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化物的产生，从而导致线粒体功能障碍和铁变态反应。我们的研究表明，NP@Ev 能有效诱导小鼠模型中的铁变态反应，并显著抑制人类胆管癌的进展，且毒性有限。这些研究结果表明，NP@Ev有望成为临床多模式治疗胆管癌的一种有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

ROS-responsive biomimetic nanovesicles to plaque microenvironment in targeted therapy of atherosclerosis 针对斑块微环境的 ROS 响应型生物仿生纳米微粒在动脉粥样硬化靶向治疗中的应用

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102530

Zhanhao Zhou , Hongbing Lan , Hongyuan Tan , Yi Wang , Wei Chen , Samira Batur , Chuansheng Fu , Li Kong , Conglian Yang , Boning Niu , Yuanyuan Guo , Zhiping Zhang , Kai Huang

Atherosclerosis, characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells at localised inflammatory sites with a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a paucity of studies that effectively coordinate the targeting of inflammatory microenvironment and the controlled release of biomimetic carriers. Here, in view of the oxidative stress and inflammatory characteristics observed in the plaque microenvironment of atherosclerosis lesions, we propose an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage membrane-derived nanovesicles co-fused with lipids containing ROS-sensitive thioketal (TK) linker and loaded with rapamycin (Rapa) to form a biomimetic hybrid system (Rapa@TLNVs). Benefiting from the inflammatory tendency of vesicles and ROS response of TK, Rapa@TLNVs can be delivered to plaque lesions and responsively release Rapa to synergistically help suppressing inflammation. Additionally, Rapa@TLNVs can reduce foam cells formation and the proliferation of macrophages. Following the administration of Rapa@TLNVs to ApoE^−/− mice, a series of effects have been observed, including reductions in the inflammatory response, lipid deposition and increased plaque stability. Consequently, this work exploits the characteristics of the atherosclerosis plaque microenvironment to provide a promising strategy for combating atherosclerosis. This may further enrich the application experience of biomimetic hybrid nanovesicle platforms in atherosclerosis therapy.

动脉粥样硬化的特点是炎症细胞在局部炎症部位聚集，并伴有高浓度的活性氧（ROS），是全球心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要原因。目前，有效协调针对炎症微环境和生物仿生载体控制释放的研究还很少。在此，鉴于动脉粥样硬化病变斑块微环境中观察到的氧化应激和炎症特征，我们提出了一种抗炎的 M2 巨噬细胞膜衍生纳米囊泡，与含有 ROS 敏感硫酮（TK）连接体的脂质共同融合，并装载雷帕霉素（Rapa），形成一个仿生混合系统（Rapa@TLNVs）。得益于囊泡的炎症倾向和 TK 的 ROS 反应，Rapa@TLNVs 可被输送到斑块病变部位，并响应性地释放 Rapa，从而协同帮助抑制炎症。此外，Rapa@TLNVs 还能减少泡沫细胞的形成和巨噬细胞的增殖。给载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠注射 Rapa@TLNVs 后，观察到一系列效果，包括减少炎症反应、脂质沉积和增加斑块稳定性。因此，这项工作利用了动脉粥样硬化斑块微环境的特点，为防治动脉粥样硬化提供了一种前景广阔的策略。这将进一步丰富仿生混合纳米粒子平台在动脉粥样硬化治疗中的应用经验。

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引用次数: 0

Virus-mimicking nanodrug active crossing of the blood-brain barrier via transcytosis against central nervous system leukemia 模仿病毒的纳米药物通过转囊作用主动穿越血脑屏障，防治中枢神经系统白血病

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102536

Xue Dong , Wei Wu , Cheng-Ling Zhang , Rui-Hao Huang , Qin Wen , Xi Zhang

The poor central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) clinical efficacy of conventional doses of chemotherapy is mainly attributed to the limited permeability of chemotherapy agents caused by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Effectively enhancing the accumulation of drugs across the BBB in the central nervous system is one of the key challenges in improving patient compliance and clinical efficacy of CNSL. Here, we find that the VP1 protein, the functional module of the John Cunningham (JC) virus, can safely penetrate the BBB through a sialic acid receptor-mediated transcytosis mechanism. Based on this, we develop a JC virus-mimicking nanodrug delivery platform based on VP1 protein-conjugated self-assembled nanoparticles (MFHV), which can active target and cross the BBB via a receptor-mediated transcytosis for safe and effective low-dose chemotherapy against CNSL after systemic administration. The results demonstrate that such a platform can penetrate the BBB through the dual mechanism of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis pathway. When further synergistic with ferroptosis and histamine metabolism, the long-term survivors of low-dose MTX are significantly enhanced by 83.3 % and 56.7 % in two CNSL mice models. Collectively, this study takes a new perspective on natural living materials and molecule targeting of the BBB to present a promising strategy for low-dose chemotherapy against CNSL with safety and efficacy, which might provide a clinically translatable option for the prevention and treatment of CNSL.

传统剂量化疗对中枢神经系统白血病（CNSL）临床疗效不佳的主要原因是血脑屏障（BBB）导致化疗药物的渗透性有限。有效提高药物在中枢神经系统中跨血脑屏障的蓄积是提高中枢神经系统白血病患者依从性和临床疗效的关键挑战之一。在这里，我们发现约翰-坎宁安（John Cunningham，JC）病毒的功能模块 VP1 蛋白可以通过硅酸受体介导的转囊机制安全地穿透 BBB。在此基础上，我们开发了一种基于 VP1 蛋白共轭自组装纳米颗粒（MFHV）的模拟 JC 病毒的纳米药物递送平台，该平台可通过受体介导的转囊机制主动靶向并穿过 BBB，在全身给药后安全有效地对中枢性脑脊髓膜炎进行低剂量化疗。研究结果表明，这种平台可通过凝集素介导的内吞和微蛋白细胞吞噬途径的双重机制穿透 BBB。当进一步与铁吞和组胺代谢协同作用时，低剂量MTX在两种中枢性骨髓抑制小鼠模型中的长期存活率分别显著提高了83.3%和56.7%。总之，这项研究从天然活体材料和BBB分子靶向的新视角出发，提出了一种安全、有效的中枢神经鞘膜积液低剂量化疗策略，为中枢神经鞘膜积液的预防和治疗提供了一种可临床应用的选择。

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引用次数: 0

A potent nano-strategy for dual energy deprivation to inhibit pancreatic cancer progression 双能量剥夺抑制胰腺癌进展的有效纳米策略

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102528

Yifan Yin , Zifan Pei , Chengyu Hu , Yixuan Sun , Qinyuan Jia , Hongfei Yao , Yuheng Zhu , Zonghao Duan , Feng Yu , Dejun Liu , Yongwei Sun , Nan Jiang , Fei Gong , Nailin Yang , Liang Cheng , Wei Liu

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor that poses significant threats to public health, and glycolysis plays a crucial role in its energy metabolism. Here, glycolysis was confirmed to be directly associated with poor prognosis through the use of clinical samples from 130 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and the effectiveness of zinc ions (Zn²⁺) in inhibiting glycolysis-related genes was further validated. Therefore, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-modified zinc sulfide nanomedicines (ZnS-PVP) were developed for dual energy suppression by targeting glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in pancreatic cancer. On the one hand, the released Zn²⁺ efficiently inhibited glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-HIF-1α signaling axis. On the other hand, acid-responsive release of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas damaged mitochondria and further reduced energy compensation by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. This two-pronged energy deprivation nano-strategy effectively eliminated pancreatic cancer cells and was proven to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance. Moreover, ZnS-PVP administration combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy significantly suppressed tumor progression in mouse orthotopic pancreatic tumor models, as also demonstrated in a pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Our work highlights the positive role of bioactive metal ions in targeting tumor energy metabolism and the great potential of nano-strategy for energy deprivation in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

胰腺癌是一种对公众健康构成重大威胁的高度恶性肿瘤，而糖酵解在其能量代谢中起着至关重要的作用。本文利用 130 例胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）患者的临床样本，证实糖酵解与预后不良直接相关，并进一步验证了锌离子（Zn2+）抑制糖酵解相关基因的有效性。因此，研究人员开发了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）修饰的纳米硫化锌药物（ZnS-PVP），通过靶向胰腺癌的糖酵解和线粒体呼吸实现双能抑制。一方面，释放的 Zn2+ 可通过 PI3K-Akt-mTOR-HIF-1α 信号轴有效抑制胰腺癌细胞的糖酵解。另一方面，酸反应释放的硫化氢（H2S）气体会损伤线粒体，并通过抑制氧化磷酸化进一步降低能量补偿。这种双管齐下的能量剥夺纳米策略有效地消灭了胰腺癌细胞，并被证明可以克服化疗耐药性。此外，ZnS-PVP 给药与免疫检查点阻断（ICB）疗法相结合，可显著抑制小鼠正位胰腺肿瘤模型的肿瘤进展，这在胰腺癌患者异种移植（PDX）模型中也得到了证实。我们的工作凸显了生物活性金属离子在靶向肿瘤能量代谢方面的积极作用，以及纳米能量剥夺策略在胰腺癌治疗中的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing the graphitization of polymers: A novel approach for direct atomic-scale visualization 追踪聚合物的石墨化：原子尺度直接可视化的新方法

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102524

Chloé Chemin, Babak Rezaei, Ada-Ioana Bunea, Stephan Sylvest Keller, Alice Bastos da Silva Fanta, Thomas Willum Hansen

Due to its excellent physical, chemical, and electrochemical characteristics, pyrolytic carbon has become a promising material for a wide range of advanced technologies. Pyrolytic carbon can be obtained through the pyrolysis of a polymeric carbon precursor at high temperatures and in inert atmosphere. By tuning the pyrolysis conditions, the hybridization of carbon atoms and thus the physicochemical properties of the derived carbon can be tailored. Advancing its development requires a deeper understanding of the graphitization process. In this context, an in situ microstructural analysis of the pyrolysis process is needed. This work presents the microfabrication of suspended polymer thin film structures on transmission electron microscopy heating chips, by two-photon polymerization 3D printing. We visualized graphitization of these films during in situ transmission electron microscopy heating studies. The favorable identified conditions are a thin film with a thickness of around 700 nm pre-pyrolysis, a pyrolysis profile reaching a maximum temperature of 1300°C and a minimum of 2 h of dwell at this temperature. An increase in the number of stacked graphene layers was observed over dwell time. Overall, the developed method has the potential to enable the visualization of graphitization of different polymer precursors and thus help predict the microstructure and properties of pyrolytic carbon depending on its fabrication conditions.

由于具有出色的物理、化学和电化学特性，热解碳已成为一种前景广阔的材料，可用于多种先进技术。热解碳可在高温和惰性气氛下通过热解聚合物碳前体获得。通过调整热解条件，可以定制碳原子的杂化以及衍生碳的物理化学特性。推进石墨化的发展需要对石墨化过程有更深入的了解。为此，需要对热解过程进行原位微结构分析。本研究通过双光子聚合三维打印技术，在透射电子显微镜加热芯片上实现了悬浮聚合物薄膜结构的微加工。在原位透射电子显微镜加热研究中，我们看到了这些薄膜的石墨化。确定的有利条件是：热解前薄膜厚度约为 700 nm，热解温度最高可达 1300°C，在此温度下至少停留 2 小时。随着停留时间的延长，堆叠石墨烯层的数量也在增加。总之，所开发的方法有望实现不同聚合物前驱体石墨化的可视化，从而有助于根据热解碳的制造条件预测其微观结构和特性。

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引用次数: 0

Therapeutic and responsive release mechanisms of polymer drug conjugates with diverse polymer skeletons 具有不同聚合物骨架的聚合物药物共轭物的治疗和响应释放机制

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102526

Wenjie Zhao, Kaichuang Sun, Jianqin Yan, Yong Sun, Dengshuai Wei

Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as an advanced strategy in the drug delivery. The conjugation of therapeutic or diagnostic agents to polymers, such as polyurethane, polyester, RAFT-based polymers, and poly(amino acid)s, presents several advantages, including enhanced drug solubilization, controlled release, reduced immunogenicity, prolonged circulation, improved safety, and increased efficacy. Recent research has focused extensively on engineering efficient tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive PDCs, leading to significant advancements in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review discusses the rational design, mechanisms of responsive release, physicochemical properties, and recent developments in various polymer systems for PDCs. We categorize PDCs based on their skeletal designs, including polyurethane, polyester, RAFT polymers, and polyamino acids. Additionally, we emphasize the TME responsiveness of PDCs, highlighting its critical role in various tumor therapies. Finally, we address the current challenges faced by PDCs and offer perspectives for future research, providing insights into the utility and potential of this technology. We hope this review serves as a valuable resource for the selection and optimization of PDCs, facilitating their future applications in cancer therapeutics.

聚合物-药物共轭物（PDC）已成为一种先进的给药策略。将治疗或诊断药物与聚氨酯、聚酯、RAFT 基聚合物和聚（氨基酸）等聚合物共轭具有多种优势，包括提高药物溶解度、控制释放、降低免疫原性、延长循环时间、改善安全性和提高疗效。最近的研究广泛集中于设计高效的肿瘤微环境（TME）响应型 PDC，从而在癌症诊断和治疗方面取得了重大进展。本综述讨论了 PDC 的合理设计、响应性释放机制、理化特性以及各种聚合物系统的最新发展。我们根据骨架设计对 PDC 进行了分类，包括聚氨酯、聚酯、RAFT 聚合物和聚氨基酸。此外，我们还强调了 PDC 对 TME 的响应性，突出了它在各种肿瘤疗法中的关键作用。最后，我们探讨了 PDC 目前面临的挑战，并对未来研究提出了展望，为这一技术的实用性和潜力提供了见解。我们希望这篇综述能成为选择和优化 PDCs 的宝贵资源，促进它们未来在癌症治疗中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

High-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a trans cleavage-driven assembly of single quantum dot nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of long noncoding RNAs in clinical breast tissues 高保真 CRISPR/Cas13a 反式裂解驱动的单量子点纳米传感器组装，用于超灵敏检测临床乳腺组织中的长非编码 RNA

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102529

Wen-jing Liu , Hai-juan Li , Jinqiu Tao , Lu-yao Wang , Juan Hu , Chun-yang Zhang

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as critical regulators in various cellular processes, and their dysfunction is implicated in carcinogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate high-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a trans cleavage-driven assembly of single quantum dot (QD) nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of long noncoding RNAs in clinical tissues. The presence of lncRNA can activate Cas13a/crRNA to collaterally cleave the substrate probes, producing a T7 promoter fragment that can initiate subsequent transcription amplification to generate efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Taking advantage of excellent specificity of high-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a system, high efficiency of transcription amplification, and near-zero background of single QD-based FRET, this nanosensor can achieve a detection limit of 1.65 aM, and it can differentiate target lncRNA from its mismatched members with single-base resolution. Moreover, it can measure lncRNA at the single-cell level, distinguish diﬀerent subtypes of breast cancers, and assess the breast cancer progression. Notably, due to the programmability of crRNAs, this nanosensor can be extended to detect other nucleic acids (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 RNA, circRNA, miRNA, piRNA, and 16S rRNA) by simply altering the spacer region of crRNA, with great potential in lncRNAs-related molecular diagnostics.

长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是各种细胞过程的关键调控因子，其功能障碍与致癌有关。在这里，我们展示了高保真 CRISPR/Cas13a 反式切割驱动的单量子点（QD）纳米传感器的组装，用于超灵敏检测临床组织中的长非编码 RNA。lncRNA 的存在可激活 Cas13a/crRNA 协同裂解底物探针，产生 T7 启动子片段，从而启动后续转录扩增，产生高效的荧光共振能量转移（FRET）。利用高保真 CRISPR/Cas13a 系统的卓越特异性、高效转录扩增和基于单个 QD 的近零背景 FRET，该纳米传感器的检测限可达到 1.65 aM，并能以单碱基分辨率区分目标 lncRNA 及其不匹配成员。此外，它还能在单细胞水平上测量lncRNA，区分不同亚型的乳腺癌，评估乳腺癌的进展。值得注意的是，由于crRNA的可编程性，这种纳米传感器只需改变crRNA的间隔区，就能扩展到检测其他核酸（如SARS-CoV-2 RNA、circRNA、miRNA、piRNA和16S rRNA），在与lncRNA相关的分子诊断方面具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-lock-and-key virus-mimicking nanoprobes for ultra-high accurate and sensitive imaging of viral infections in vivo 用于对体内病毒感染进行超高精度和灵敏度成像的双锁键病毒模拟纳米探针

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102527

Cong Yu , Hua-Jie Chen , Hao-Yang Liu , Di Ning , Lei Wang , Xue-Hui Shi , Zhi-Gang Wang , Dai-Wen Pang , Shu-Lin Liu

Fluorescence in situ imaging of viral infection lesions in vivo is crucial for precise diagnosis of viral diseases and evaluation of the extent of viral infection. Nevertheless, achieving highly specific and sensitive fluorescence imaging of viral infection sites in vivo has posed a persistent challenge. Here, we developed a dual-lock-and-key virus-mimicking nanoprobe that consisted of polyamide dendrimers (PAMAM) loaded internally with molecular beacons double-triggered by apurinic/apyrimidinic nucleic acid endonuclease 1 (APE1) and viral RNA (vRNA), and surface-modified with the E protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). This activatable nanoprobe generated dramatically amplified fluorescent signals stimulated by expressed vRNA and APE1 during viral infection, enabling ultrahigh specific and sensitive imaging of the lesions of JEV infection in vivo. This study provides a potential approach for accurate and sensitive detection of viral infection levels and assessment of the efficacy of antiviral drugs in vivo.

体内病毒感染病灶的荧光原位成像对于精确诊断病毒性疾病和评估病毒感染程度至关重要。然而，实现体内病毒感染部位的高特异性和高灵敏度荧光成像一直是个难题。在这里，我们开发了一种双锁键病毒模拟纳米探针，它由聚酰胺树枝状聚合物（PAMAM）组成，内部装有由嘌呤/嘧啶核酸内切酶 1（APE1）和病毒 RNA（vRNA）双重触发的分子信标，表面修饰有日本脑炎病毒（JEV）的 E 蛋白。这种可激活的纳米探针在病毒感染过程中受到表达的 vRNA 和 APE1 的刺激，产生了显著放大的荧光信号，从而实现了对体内 JEV 感染病灶的超高特异性和灵敏度成像。这项研究为准确灵敏地检测病毒感染水平和评估体内抗病毒药物的疗效提供了一种潜在的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Atomic-scale probing of ion migration dynamics in Na3Ni2SbO6 cathode for sodium ion batteries 用于钠离子电池的 Na3Ni2SbO6 阴极中离子迁移动力学的原子尺度探测

IF 13.2 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102523

Ke Qu , Jianwei Zhang , Haonan Wang , Fan Wu , Huahui Lin , Jianchu Chen , Zhengping Ding , Zhenzhong Yang , Peng Gao

Honeycomb-layered phases like Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ have been extensively researched as high-voltage and high-rate capability cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, our understanding of the structural stability and dynamic reaction mechanisms of Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ cathode during cycling, especially at atomic-scale, remains limited. Here, we track the microstructure evolution during extraction of Na⁺ ions in Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ cathode at atomic scale in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. The electron beam irradiation that can provide a driving force for the Na⁺ ion migration, allows us to mimic the battery charge process. By controlling the electron beam dose, we study the structure evolution behavior to obtain insights into understanding the work principle and failure mechanism of Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ cathode under different charge rate conditions. We find that the real-time structural evolution and ion migration pathways of Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ cathode are distinct under different electron beam doses. High-dose irradiation reveals Na ion depletion, surface cracks, and phase transformations, mimicking rapid capacity decay. In contrast, low-dose irradiation shows slower ion migration, ordered Na vacancy formation, and maintaining structural integrity, which more closely resembles the electrochemical process of actual battery. This study provides an atomistic understanding of the structural stability and Na ions deintercalation mechanism in Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ cathodes, offering new insights into optimizing electrode materials.

Na3Ni2SbO6 等蜂窝层相作为钠离子电池的高电压和高倍率阴极材料已被广泛研究。然而，我们对 Na3Ni2SbO6 阴极在循环过程中的结构稳定性和动态反应机制的了解仍然有限，尤其是在原子尺度上。在此，我们使用畸变校正透射电子显微镜在原子尺度上跟踪 Na3Ni2SbO6 阴极中 Na+ 离子萃取过程中的微观结构演变。电子束辐照可为 Na+ 离子迁移提供驱动力，使我们能够模拟电池充电过程。通过控制电子束剂量，我们研究了Na3Ni2SbO6阴极在不同充电速率条件下的结构演化行为，从而深入了解了Na3Ni2SbO6阴极的工作原理和失效机理。我们发现，在不同电子束剂量下，Na3Ni2SbO6阴极的实时结构演化和离子迁移途径各不相同。高剂量辐照显示了 Na 离子耗竭、表面裂纹和相变，模拟了容量的快速衰减。相比之下，低剂量辐照显示出离子迁移速度较慢、有序的 Na 空位形成以及结构完整性的保持，这与实际电池的电化学过程更为接近。这项研究提供了对 Na3Ni2SbO6 阴极结构稳定性和 Na 离子脱闰机制的原子论理解，为优化电极材料提供了新的见解。

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