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Nanotechnology for diagnosis and therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Recent advances and future perspectives 纳米技术用于特发性肺纤维化的诊断和治疗：最新进展和未来展望

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102889

Chenyu Zhao , Ao Xiao , Chen Chen , Wei Mu , Wen-Yang Li , Lingqian Chang

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell damage, extracellular matrix deposition, and irreversible lung parenchymal scarring, ultimately leading to fatal respiratory failure. Early diagnosis and effective intervention of IPF are crucial for improving its prognosis and reducing mortality. Current diagnostic methods for early-stage IPF rely on high-resolution CT, histopathological examination, and multidisciplinary discussions. However, these approaches have significant limitations, including poor accuracy, invasiveness, and being time-consuming, which often delays therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, existing pharmacotherapy offer only limited efficacy in slowing disease progression due to the low bioavailability and limited delivery efficiency. To address these challenges in diagnostics and therapeutics, nanotechnology-mediated solutions have emerged as promising approaches. Contemporary advancement focuses on three domains: (1) development of functionalized nano-contrast agents, nanoprobe- and nanoparticle-based biosensor platforms for in vivo and in vitro precision diagnostics, (2) design of nanocarriers for inhalable drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy, and (3) integrated nanoplatforms enabling simultaneous therapeutic delivery and real-time monitoring for targeted intervention. Overall, this review summarized recent advancements in nanotheranostic applications for the diagnosis and therapy of IPF. Moving forward, future research prioritize overcoming translational barriers to facilitate clinical implementation.

特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是一种高度进行性肺间质性疾病，其特征是肺泡上皮细胞损伤、细胞外基质沉积和不可逆的肺实质瘢痕形成，最终导致致命的呼吸衰竭。IPF的早期诊断和有效干预是改善其预后和降低死亡率的关键。目前早期IPF的诊断方法依赖于高分辨率CT、组织病理学检查和多学科讨论。然而，这些方法有明显的局限性，包括准确性差、侵入性和耗时，这往往会延迟治疗干预。此外，由于低生物利用度和有限的递送效率，现有的药物治疗在减缓疾病进展方面的疗效有限。为了解决诊断和治疗中的这些挑战，纳米技术介导的解决方案已经成为有希望的方法。当前的进展主要集中在三个领域：(1)开发功能化纳米造影剂、纳米探针和纳米颗粒为基础的生物传感器平台，用于体内和体外精确诊断；(2)设计可吸入药物递送的纳米载体，以提高治疗效果；(3)集成纳米平台，使治疗递送和实时监测靶向干预成为可能。综上所述，本文综述了近年来纳米治疗在IPF诊断和治疗中的应用进展。展望未来，未来的研究将优先考虑克服翻译障碍，以促进临床应用。

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引用次数: 0

Metal-polyphenol networks-mediated Au-Pt nanoplatform for dual-mode LDI-MS and colorimetric diagnosis of urinary stones 金属-多酚网络介导的Au-Pt纳米平台用于双模LDI-MS和尿路结石的比色诊断

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102965

Qi Sang , Yinpeng Liu , Yanyan Li , Wanshan Liu , Tong Hu , Ruimin Wang , Zhebin Du , Yuning Wang , Kun Qian

Urinary stones (US) are common urological disease with a high incidence and a risk of comorbidities. An accurate and high-throughput strategy is greatly needed for US diagnosis. Herein, we designed metal-polyphenol networks mediated Au-Pt hybrid nanoparticles (AuMPN-Pt HNPs) and fabricated a dual-functional nanoplatform integrating LDI-MS analysis and colorimetric assay for US diagnosis and subtype classification. The AuMPN-Pt HNPs exhibited superior LDI-MS performance with high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) < 2 µM) and good MS signal reproducibility (coefficients of variation (CVs) < 10 %) for accurate detection of metabolites. Meanwhile, AuMPN-Pt HNPs presented excellent peroxidase (POD)-like activity, allowing for direct and rapid detection of uric acid (UA) assisted by uricase with a LOD of 9.43 µM. Using the AuMPN-Pt HNPs assisted LDI-MS platform, we successfully achieved non-invasive US diagnosis by metabolic profiling of urine samples from US patients and the healthy controls (HCs), as well as subtype discrimination of calcium oxalate stones (CaOx stones) from UA stones by combining analysis of metabolic fingerprints from serum and urine samples. The subtype discrimination results were further verified by colorimetric platform for serum UA level analysis. The dual-functional nanoplatform exhibited outstanding sensitivity and specificity, providing innovative insights into disease diagnosis and subtype differentiation.

尿路结石（US）是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，具有高发病率和合并症风险。美国迫切需要一种准确、高通量的诊断策略。在此，我们设计了金属-多酚网络介导的Au-Pt杂化纳米粒子（AuMPN-Pt HNPs），并构建了一个双功能纳米平台，集成了LDI-MS分析和比色分析，用于美国诊断和亚型分类。AuMPN-Pt HNPs具有较高的灵敏度（检出限（LOD） <； 2 µM）和良好的质谱信号重现性（变异系数（cv） <； 10 %），可准确检测代谢物。同时，AuMPN-Pt HNPs表现出优异的过氧化物酶（POD）样活性，允许在尿酸酶的辅助下直接快速检测尿酸（UA）， LOD为9.43 µM。利用AuMPN-Pt HNPs辅助LDI-MS平台，我们通过对美国患者和健康对照（hc）的尿液样本进行代谢谱分析，成功地实现了无创US诊断，并通过结合血清和尿液样本的代谢指纹分析，成功地区分了草酸钙结石（CaOx结石）和UA结石的亚型。血清UA水平分析比色平台进一步验证亚型区分结果。双功能纳米平台表现出出色的敏感性和特异性，为疾病诊断和亚型分化提供了创新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct immunological features of Ferritin and AP205 nanovaccines lead to differing therapeutic outcomes against chronic hepatitis B 铁蛋白和AP205纳米疫苗不同的免疫学特性导致对慢性乙型肝炎不同的治疗结果

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102909

Xiaoxiao Zhou , Wenjun Wang , Yiyuan Zheng , Jiyu Ding , Mingzhao Zhu

Ferritin and AP205 are two well-established representative nanoparticle platforms widely used in vaccine development. However, their immunological properties, vaccine efficacy, and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we systematically compared the immune profiles of Ferritin- and AP205-based nanovaccines, explored their mechanisms of action, and evaluated their efficiency in the AAV-HBV infection mouse model. Our results demonstrated that the AP205 vaccine, which incorporates intrinsic ssRNA as a built-in adjuvant, elicited a stronger antibody response with a balanced IgG1/IgG2c profile. In contrast, the Ferritin vaccine supplemented with extrinsic CpG adjuvant induced an IgG1-biased antibody response. At the T cell level, the AP205 vaccine promoted a more mature germinal center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cell response, whereas the Ferritin+CpG vaccine stimulated a stronger Th1 response, likely due to enhanced dendritic cell activation by CpG. We further showed that codelivery of antigen and adjuvant is necessary and sufficient to augment IgG2c response for both platforms. Functionally, although the AP205-preS1 vaccine exhibited superior preventive efficacy against acute AAV-HBV infection compared to the Ferritin-preS1 +CpG vaccine, it showed reduced therapeutic efficacy against chronic AAV-HBV infection, highlighting the importance of Th1 immunity in viral clearance. Together, these findings suggest that the AP205 platform may serve as an effective platform for prophylactic vaccines, while Ferritin+CpG may hold greater potential for therapeutic applications requiring strong Th1 responses, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

铁蛋白和AP205是两种具有代表性的纳米颗粒平台，广泛应用于疫苗开发。然而，它们的免疫学特性、疫苗效力和潜在机制仍不完全清楚。在本研究中，我们系统地比较了基于铁蛋白和ap205的纳米疫苗的免疫特性，探讨了它们的作用机制，并评估了它们在AAV-HBV感染小鼠模型中的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，包含内在ssRNA作为内置佐剂的AP205疫苗引发了更强的抗体反应，具有平衡的IgG1/IgG2c谱。相比之下，铁蛋白疫苗补充外源性CpG佐剂诱导igg1偏向抗体反应。在T细胞水平上，AP205疫苗促进了更成熟的生发中心T滤泡辅助细胞（GC-Tfh）反应，而铁蛋白+CpG疫苗刺激了更强的Th1反应，可能是由于CpG增强了树突状细胞的激活。我们进一步表明，抗原和佐剂的共递送对于增强两种平台的IgG2c应答是必要和充分的。功能上，虽然AP205-preS1疫苗对急性AAV-HBV感染的预防效果优于铁蛋白- pres1 +CpG疫苗，但对慢性AAV-HBV感染的治疗效果却有所降低，这凸显了Th1免疫在病毒清除中的重要性。总之，这些发现表明AP205平台可能作为预防性疫苗的有效平台，而铁蛋白+CpG可能在需要强Th1反应的治疗应用中具有更大的潜力，例如慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）。

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Inside Back Cover - Graphical abstract TOC/TOC in double column continued from OBC if required, otherwise blank page 封底内-图解摘要TOC/TOC双栏，如果需要，从OBC继续，否则空白页

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00313-5

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Macrophage-targeted polysaccharide nano-immunomodulators with spatial- and time-programmed drug release for cancer therapy” [Nano Today 66 (2026) 102893] “巨噬细胞靶向多糖纳米免疫调节剂用于癌症治疗的空间和时间编程药物释放”的更正[Nano Today 66 (2026) 102893]

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102913

Li Xu , Jiaqian Miao , Danni Xu , Xuan Mo , Junjie Wang , Sisi Chen , Bing Liu , Guangbo Ge , Xinyuan Zhu , Hongping Deng

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Achieving apoptosis/cuproptosis co-activated synergistic anti-tumor therapy by charges transport engineering” [Nano Today, 62 (2025), 102689] “通过电荷传输工程实现细胞凋亡/铜细胞共激活的协同抗肿瘤治疗”的更正[纳米今日，62 (2025),102689]

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102959

Hua-Ying Hou , Xu Chu , Meng-Die Duan , Yu-Juan Zhang , Hong-Li Chen , Yue Sun , Yi Liu , Shu-Lan Li

引用次数: 0

Controlled epitaxy of perovskite van der waals heterostructures enables advanced self-powered broadband photodetectors 钙钛矿范德华异质结构的可控外延使先进的自供电宽带光电探测器成为可能

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102976

Xiaohui Lin , Anshi Chu , Long Chen , Tianchi Zhang , Chenglin He , Ying Huangfu , Wei Li , Zucheng Zhang , Ting Kang , Xidong Duan

The development of high-performance, low-power photodetectors remains a central goal in optoelectronics. Van der Waals heterostructures integrating perovskites with two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer promising potential. However, the efficient and precise integration of three-dimensional (3D) perovskites with 2D TMDs has been limited by poor thickness control and low interfacial quality. Here, the efficient and controllable epitaxy of CsPbBr₃/WS₂ p-n heterostructures via a two-step chemical vapor deposition is reported. By tuning the growth temperature and employing rapid cooling, ultrathin CsPbBr₃ nanosheets down to 3 nm are achieved with excellent uniformity and interfacial quality. Photoluminescence quenching and shortened decay times confirm efficient interfacial electron transfer, with time-resolved spectra revealing thickness-dependent electron diffusion. The resulting CsPbBr₃/WS₂ diode exhibits a current rectification ratio of 379, low reverse dark current (4 ×10⁻¹³ A), and operates as a self-powered photodetector with high responsivity (12.6 A/W), detectivity (9.32 ×10¹³ Jones), fast response (decay time of 498 μs), and broadband sensitivity (375–808 nm). This study not only provides a versatile approach for the controllable synthesis of high-quality perovskite/TMDs heterostructures, but also sets the stage for the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices.

开发高性能、低功耗的光电探测器仍然是光电子学的中心目标。将钙钛矿与二维（2D）过渡金属二硫族化合物（TMDs）相结合的范德华异质结构具有广阔的应用前景。然而，三维（3D）钙钛矿与二维tmd的有效和精确集成受到厚度控制差和界面质量低的限制。本文报道了利用两步化学气相沉积技术实现CsPbBr3/WS2 p-n异质结构的高效可控外延。通过调节生长温度和快速冷却，获得了3 nm的超薄CsPbBr3纳米片，具有良好的均匀性和界面质量。光致发光猝灭和缩短的衰减时间证实了有效的界面电子转移，时间分辨光谱揭示了厚度相关的电子扩散。CsPbBr3/WS2二极管的电流整流比为379，反向暗电流（4 ×10 - 13 a）低，作为自供电光电探测器工作，具有高响应率（12.6 a /W），探测率（9.32 ×1013 Jones），快速响应（衰减时间为498 μs）和宽带灵敏度（375-808 nm）。该研究不仅为高质量钙钛矿/TMDs异质结构的可控合成提供了一种通用的方法，而且为高性能光电器件的发展奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering nanozymes for theranostics in urological cancer 工程纳米酶在泌尿系统肿瘤治疗中的应用

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102930

Xiangyu Zhang , Yongnan Jiang , Bin Liu , Xinlu Yu , Bo Jia , Yulong Dong , Xinquan Gu , Jinru Xue , Kelong Fan , Yuhan Zhang

Urological malignancies are highly prevalent and lethal, with recurrence, late diagnosis, and therapeutic resistance compromising patient survival and quality of life. To address these challenges, tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive strategies—particularly nanozyme-based catalytic systems—have emerged as promising solutions. Cascade catalytic nanozymes can be selectively activated within the TME to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through sequential enzyme-mimicking reactions. Moreover, they catalyze the depletion of intracellular antioxidants, amplifying oxidative stress and enhancing redox-driven therapeutic efficacy. These processes induce regulated cell death pathways such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis while reinforcing tumor immunogenicity. In addition, certain metal-based nanozymes act as imaging contrast agents, integrating diagnosis and therapy within a single platform. The diagnostic potential extends beyond traditional imaging and tissue assays, with urine emerging as a valuable, non-invasive biofluid for complementary analysis. This review summarizes recent progress in nanozyme-based catalytic nanomedicine for urological cancers, focusing on cascade catalytic mechanisms, material design, and multifunctional theranostic applications. Finally, the challenges and future directions of intelligent, urine-compatible, imaging-assisted, and clinically translatable nanozyme systems are discussed toward precision urologic oncology.

泌尿系统恶性肿瘤是非常普遍和致命的，复发、晚期诊断和治疗耐药性影响患者的生存和生活质量。为了应对这些挑战，肿瘤微环境（TME）反应策略，特别是基于纳米酶的催化系统，已经成为有希望的解决方案。级联催化纳米酶可以在TME内选择性激活，通过顺序的酶模拟反应产生活性氧（ROS）。此外，它们催化细胞内抗氧化剂的消耗，放大氧化应激，增强氧化还原驱动的治疗效果。这些过程诱导受调控的细胞死亡途径，如铁下垂和铜下垂，同时增强肿瘤的免疫原性。此外，某些金属基纳米酶作为成像造影剂，将诊断和治疗整合在一个单一的平台上。诊断潜力超越了传统的成像和组织分析，尿液作为一种有价值的、非侵入性的生物液体用于补充分析。本文综述了纳米酶催化纳米药物治疗泌尿系统肿瘤的最新进展，重点介绍了级联催化机制、材料设计和多功能治疗应用。最后，讨论了智能、尿兼容、成像辅助和临床可翻译的纳米酶系统在精准泌尿肿瘤方面的挑战和未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

A dual-targeting nanozyme platform integrating macrophage hitchhiking and TfR transcytosis for precision therapy of ischemic stroke 结合巨噬细胞搭便车和TfR胞吞的双靶向纳米酶平台用于缺血性卒中的精准治疗

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102961

Weili Han , Feng Zeng , Kaikai Fu , Wenjie Lin , Zheng Cheng , Chang Li , Jun Chen , Yuanman Yu , Qiyong Mei

Ischemic stroke, a critical neurological disorder resulting from abrupt cerebral blood flow interruption, remains a leading cause of global mortality and chronic disability. Despite advancements in reperfusion therapies, many survivors still suffer significant neurological deficits, primarily attributed to ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. To address these challenges, we designed cerium-curcumin hybrid nanoparticles (Ce-Cur NPs) by leveraging the coordination interaction between redox-active cerium ions and curcumin’s β-diketone moiety. These Ce-Cur NPs were engineered to alleviate ROS-mediated secondary injuries and promote neural repair by leveraging their remarkable ROS scavenging capabilities, which mimic enzymatic activities to effectively neutralize superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, M1 polarized macrophage-derived membranes were employed to enhance the targeted delivery of Ce-Cur NPs to ischemic regions, while transferrin receptor (TfR)-activated peptides enabled efficient receptor-mediated transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. In vivo studies using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model demonstrated that TfR-M₁-Ce-Cur NPs successfully localized to the ischemic brain, significantly reduced infarct volume, and preserved neuronal integrity. Enhanced neurogenesis and improved functional recovery were observed, underscoring the therapeutic potential of Ce-Cur NPs as a versatile platform for ischemic stroke treatment. This approach provides a robust and evidence-based solution to enhance clinical outcomes for patients with ischemic stroke.

缺血性中风是一种由脑血流突然中断引起的严重神经系统疾病，仍然是全球死亡和慢性残疾的主要原因。尽管再灌注治疗取得了进展，但许多幸存者仍然遭受严重的神经功能障碍，主要归因于缺血-再灌注损伤引起的氧化应激和神经炎症。为了解决这些问题，我们设计了铈-姜黄素混合纳米粒子（Ce-Cur NPs），利用氧化还原活性的铈离子与姜黄素的β-二酮段之间的配位相互作用。这些Ce-Cur NPs被设计用于减轻ROS介导的继发性损伤，并通过利用其卓越的ROS清除能力促进神经修复，其模拟酶活性，有效中和超氧化物和羟基自由基。此外，M1极化巨噬细胞来源的膜被用于增强Ce-Cur NPs对缺血区域的靶向递送，而转铁蛋白受体（TfR）激活的肽能够有效地通过血脑屏障实现受体介导的胞质转运。使用大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型的体内研究表明，TfR-M1-Ce-Cur NPs成功定位于缺血脑，显着减少梗死体积，并保持神经元完整性。观察到增强的神经发生和改善的功能恢复，强调Ce-Cur NPs作为缺血性卒中治疗的多功能平台的治疗潜力。这种方法提供了一个强大的和基于证据的解决方案，以提高缺血性卒中患者的临床结果。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acid nanomaterials: Mechanisms and strategies for regulating innate immune activation 核酸纳米材料：调节先天免疫激活的机制和策略

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102897

Kexuan Zou , Yan Liu , Linlin Tang , Yuqi Wang , Jianming Wang , Jie Song

Nucleic acid nanomaterials (NA-NMat) are rapidly emerging as pivotal tools in precision medicine and therapeutic interventions, with their immunomodulatory roles attracting frontier research focuses. As key triggers of innate immunity, nucleic acids orchestrate complex immune regulations through their distinct structural motifs and sequence-dependent molecular recognition. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nucleic acids activate the innate immune system not only helps to reveal their central roles in immune regulation, but also lays the theoretical foundation for developing innovative nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies. In this review, we systematically summarize current knowledge regarding the activation pathways, sequence specificity, and conformational effects of nucleic acids including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and artificially designed structures of DNA and RNA in innate immunity. We further review recent advancements in utilizing NA-NMat integrated with oligonucleotides, proteins, and small molecules to co-regulate innate immunity. To conclude, we critically evaluate current challenges in the field and propose future directions for the development of nucleic acid nanotechnology (NA-NTech) in immunotherapy, offering insights and references for designing next-generation immune-regulatory nanoplatforms.

核酸纳米材料（NA-NMat）正迅速成为精准医学和治疗干预的关键工具，其免疫调节作用吸引了前沿研究热点。作为先天免疫的关键触发器，核酸通过其独特的结构基序和序列依赖的分子识别来协调复杂的免疫调节。阐明核酸激活先天免疫系统的分子机制不仅有助于揭示其在免疫调节中的核心作用，而且为开发基于核酸的创新治疗策略奠定理论基础。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了目前关于核酸的激活途径、序列特异性和构象效应的知识，包括先天免疫中DNA和RNA的一级、二级、三级和人工设计的结构。我们进一步回顾了利用NA-NMat与寡核苷酸、蛋白质和小分子结合来共同调节先天免疫的最新进展。总之，我们批判性地评估了当前该领域的挑战，并提出了核酸纳米技术（NA-NTech）在免疫治疗中的未来发展方向，为设计下一代免疫调节纳米平台提供见解和参考。

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引用次数: 0